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Tomlinson KL, Chen YT, Junker A, Urso A, Wong Fok Lung T, Ahn D, Hofstaedter CE, Baskota SU, Ernst RK, Prince A, Riquelme SA. Ketogenesis promotes tolerance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1767-1781.e6. [PMID: 37793346 PMCID: PMC10558090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of pulmonary infection. As a Gram-negative pathogen, it can initiate a brisk and highly destructive inflammatory response; however, most hosts become tolerant to the bacterial burden, developing chronic infection. Using a murine model of pneumonia, we demonstrate that this shift from inflammation to disease tolerance is promoted by ketogenesis. In response to pulmonary infection, ketone bodies are generated in the liver and circulate to the lungs where they impose selection for P. aeruginosa strains unable to display surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Such keto-adapted LPS strains fail to activate glycolysis and tissue-damaging cytokines and, instead, facilitate mitochondrial catabolism of fats and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which maintains airway homeostasis. Within the lung, P. aeruginosa exploits the host immunometabolite itaconate to further stimulate ketogenesis. This environment enables host-P. aeruginosa coexistence, supporting both pathoadaptive changes in the bacteria and the maintenance of respiratory integrity via OXPHOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira L Tomlinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ying-Tsun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alex Junker
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - AndreaCarola Urso
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Casey E Hofstaedter
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Swikrity U Baskota
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alice Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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2
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Feldman E, Shah SS, Ahn D. Low Diagnostic Utility of Frequent Serial Tracheal Aspirate Cultures in the PICU. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2023:00130478-990000000-00182. [PMID: 37098797 PMCID: PMC10392886 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic outcomes of serial tracheal aspirate cultures (TACs) in the PICU. DESIGN A retrospective chart review of TAC utilization was performed. Items recorded for each TAC included the time and date of culture acquisition, result, changes in microbial resistance patterns, antimicrobial therapy, and patient clinical course. SETTING A single urban tertiary care children's hospital in the United States. SUBJECTS Patients admitted to the PICU from January 1, to October 31, 2021, for whom a TAC was performed. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS One hundred fifty unique subjects had 582 TACs performed during the study period, of which 145 (24.9%) were serially repeated within 72 hours. Of these serial TACs, 82 (56.6%) had no growth, 41 (28.3%) grew the same organism as the prior culture, with most (36/41) displaying no major change in antimicrobial susceptibilities, 11 (7.6%) grew a new organism previously grown during the admission, and 11 (7.6%) grew a new organism not previously grown during the admission. Overall, only 26 of these serial TACs (17.9%) provided new diagnostic information, whereas only five (3.4%) led to a change in management. CONCLUSIONS Frequent serial TAC sampling in the PICU is common and infrequently yields new data that impact clinical decision-making. Considering worsening antimicrobial resistance and the role of diagnostic stewardship in mitigating it, these findings further support a 72-hour reassessment period before performing a repeat TAC in critically ill children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evin Feldman
- NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Shivang S Shah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
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Johnson D, Ahn D, Lazenby K, Zhang K, Narang N, Khush K, Parker W. Association of High-Priority Exceptions with Mortality Among Heart Transplant Candidates. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Lee J, Islam M, Yoo Y, Kim S, Kim R, Jang Y, Lee S, Hwang H, Shin H, Hwang J, Kim K, Park B, Ahn D, Lee Y, Kim T, Kim I, Yoon J, Tae H. Changes of antioxidant enzymes in the kidney after cardiac arrest in the rat model. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12408. [PMID: 36790289 PMCID: PMC9925192 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, cardiac arrest (CA) is a leading cause of death and disability. Asphyxial CA (ACA)-induced kidney damage is a crucial factor in reducing the survival rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of antioxidant enzymes in histopathological renal damage in an ACA rat model at different time points. A total of 88 rats were divided into five groups and exposed to ACA except for the sham group. To evaluate glomerular function and oxidative stress, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Crtn) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in renal tissues were measured. To determine histopathological damage, hematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid-Schiff staining, and Masson's trichrome staining were performed. Expression levels of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Survival rate of the experimental rats was reduced to 80% at 6 h, 55% at 12 h, 42.9% at 1 day, and 33% at 2 days after return of spontaneous circulation. Levels of BUN, Crtn, and MDA started to increase significantly in the early period of CA induction. Renal histopathological damage increased markedly from 6 h until two days post-CA. Additionally, expression levels of antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased at 6 h, 12 h, 1 day, and 2 days after CA. CA-induced oxidative stress and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD-1, SOD-2, CAT, GPx) from 6 h to two days could be possible mediators of severe renal tissue damage and increased mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.H. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - M.S. Islam
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Y.J. Yoo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - S.E. Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - R.H. Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Y.J. Jang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - S.H. Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - H.P. Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - H.Y. Shin
- Animal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongup, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - J.H. Hwang
- Animal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongup, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - K. Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - B.Y. Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - D. Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Y. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - T. Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - I.S. Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - J.C. Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - H.J. Tae
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
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Ahn D, Kim CW, Choi KC. P12-17 Changes in superoxides showed a reproducible and accurate screening method for mitochondrial toxicity in drug-treated mammalian cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wong Fok Lung T, Charytonowicz D, Beaumont KG, Shah SS, Sridhar SH, Gorrie CL, Mu A, Hofstaedter CE, Varisco D, McConville TH, Drikic M, Fowler B, Urso A, Shi W, Fucich D, Annavajhala MK, Khan IN, Oussenko I, Francoeur N, Smith ML, Stockwell BR, Lewis IA, Hachani A, Upadhyay Baskota S, Uhlemann AC, Ahn D, Ernst RK, Howden BP, Sebra R, Prince A. Klebsiella pneumoniae induces host metabolic stress that promotes tolerance to pulmonary infection. Cell Metab 2022; 34:761-774.e9. [PMID: 35413274 PMCID: PMC9081115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
K. pneumoniae sequence type 258 (Kp ST258) is a major cause of healthcare-associated pneumonia. However, it remains unclear how it causes protracted courses of infection in spite of its expression of immunostimulatory lipopolysaccharide, which should activate a brisk inflammatory response and bacterial clearance. We predicted that the metabolic stress induced by the bacteria in the host cells shapes an immune response that tolerates infection. We combined in situ metabolic imaging and transcriptional analyses to demonstrate that Kp ST258 activates host glutaminolysis and fatty acid oxidation. This response creates an oxidant-rich microenvironment conducive to the accumulation of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells. In this setting, metabolically active Kp ST258 elicits a disease-tolerant immune response. The bacteria, in turn, adapt to airway oxidants by upregulating the type VI secretion system, which is highly conserved across ST258 strains worldwide. Thus, much of the global success of Kp ST258 in hospital settings can be explained by the metabolic activity provoked in the host that promotes disease tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Charytonowicz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kristin G Beaumont
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shivang S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shwetha H Sridhar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Claire L Gorrie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andre Mu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Casey E Hofstaedter
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - David Varisco
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Marija Drikic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Brandon Fowler
- Microbiome & Pathogen Genomics Collaborative Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andreacarola Urso
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dario Fucich
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Medini K Annavajhala
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Microbiome & Pathogen Genomics Collaborative Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ibrahim N Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Irina Oussenko
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nancy Francoeur
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Melissa L Smith
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Microbiome & Pathogen Genomics Collaborative Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; Sema4: A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT 06902, USA
| | - Alice Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Uson PLS, Kunze KL, Golafshar MA, Botrus G, Riegert-Johnson D, Boardman L, Borad MJ, Ahn D, Sonbol MB, Kahn A, Klint M, Esplin ED, Nussbaum RL, Stewart AK, Bekaii-Saab T, Samadder NJ. Germline Cancer Testing in Unselected Patients with Gastric and Esophageal Cancers: A Multi-center Prospective Study. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:5107-5115. [PMID: 35122589 PMCID: PMC9587949 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To determine prevalence and clinical utility of pathogenic germline variants (PGV) in gastric and esophageal cancer patients using universal genetic testing approach. METHODS We undertook a prospective study of germline sequencing using an > 80 gene next-generation sequencing platform among patients with gastric and esophageal cancers receiving care at Mayo Clinic Cancer Center between April 1, 2018, and March 31, 2020. Patients were not selected based on cancer stage, family history of cancer, ethnicity, or age. Family cascade testing was offered at no cost. RESULTS A total of 96 patients were evaluated. Median age was 66 years, 80.2% were male, 89.6% were white. Nearly 39% of the cohort had esophageal cancer, 35.4% gastric cancer and 26% gastroesophageal junction cancers. Approximately half (52%) of the patients had metastatic disease. Pathogenic germline variants (PGV) were detected in 15.6% (n = 15) patients. The prevalence of PGV was 10.8% in esophageal cancer, 17.6% in gastric cancer and 20% in gastroesophageal cancer. Eighty percent of patients with a positive result would not have been detected by screening with standard guidelines for genetic testing. Most PGV detected included genes with high and moderate penetrance related to DNA damage response including BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2 and ATM. CONCLUSIONS Universal multi-gene panel testing in gastric and esophageal cancers was associated with detection of heritable mutations in 15% of patients. The majority of PGV would not be detected with current screening guidelines and are related to DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. L. S. Uson
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - K. L. Kunze
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - M. A. Golafshar
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - G. Botrus
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - D. Riegert-Johnson
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA ,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA ,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - L. Boardman
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - M. J. Borad
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - D. Ahn
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - M. B. Sonbol
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - A. Kahn
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054 USA
| | - M. Klint
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | | | | | - A. K. Stewart
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA ,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA ,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - T. Bekaii-Saab
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - N. J. Samadder
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054 USA ,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA ,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA
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Uson Junior P, Botrus G, Yin J, Dada H, Drusbosky L, Majeed U, Ahn D, Sonbol M, Borad M, Bekaii-Saab T, Mody K. 1483P Cell-free DNA dominant clone allele frequency associates with poor outcomes in advanced pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Lee NY, Kim NR, Kang JW, Kim G, Han MS, Jang JA, Ahn D, Jeong JH, Han MH, Nam EJ. Increased salivary syndecan-1 level is associated with salivary gland function and inflammation in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Scand J Rheumatol 2021; 51:220-229. [PMID: 34212822 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2021.1923162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Syndecan-1 (SDC-1), a transmembrane heparin sulphate proteoglycan predominantly expressed on epithelial cells, also exists in a soluble form through ectodomain shedding. SDC-1 expression and shedding may be modulated in the inflammatory milieu of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). We investigated SDC-1 expression in minor salivary glands (MSGs) and analysed the association between salivary or plasma levels of SDC-1 and clinical parameters in SS.Method: We measured salivary and plasma SDC-1 levels via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and assessed the salivary flow rates (SFRs) in 70 patients with SS and 35 healthy subjects. Disease activity indices, serological markers, salivary gland scintigraphy, and MSG biopsy were evaluated in patients with SS.Results: SDC-1 expression was upregulated on ductal epithelial cells in inflamed salivary glands. Salivary SDC-1 levels in patients significantly exceeded those in healthy subjects [median (interquartile range) 49.0 (20.7-79.1) vs 3.7 (1.7-6.3) ng/mL, p < 0.001] and inversely correlated with SFRs (r = -0.358, p = 0.032) and ejection fractions of the parotid (r = -0.363, p = 0.027) and submandibular (r = -0.485, p = 0.002) glands in salivary gland scintigraphy. Plasma SDC-1 levels were significantly correlated with the EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (r = 0.507, p < 0.001) and EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (r = 0.267, p = 0.033). Focus scores were correlated with salivary SDC-1 levels (r = 0.551, p = 0.004).Conclusion: Salivary and plasma SDC-1 levels may constitute potential biomarkers for salivary gland function and disease activity, respectively, in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - N R Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - G Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory for Arthritis and Bone Biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - M-S Han
- Laboratory for Arthritis and Bone Biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J A Jang
- Laboratory for Arthritis and Bone Biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - D Ahn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - M-H Han
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - E J Nam
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Ahn D, Bhushan G, McConville TH, Annavajhala MK, Soni RK, Wong Fok Lung T, Hofstaedter CE, Shah SS, Chong AM, Castano VG, Ernst RK, Uhlemann AC, Prince A. An acquired acyltransferase promotes Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 respiratory infection. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109196. [PMID: 34077733 PMCID: PMC8283688 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 is a human pathogen associated with poor outcomes worldwide. We identify a member of the acyltransferase superfamily 3 (atf3), enriched within the ST258 clade, that provides a major competitive advantage for the proliferation of these organisms in vivo. Comparison of a wild-type ST258 strain (KP35) and a Δatf3 isogenic mutant generated by CRISPR-Cas9 targeting reveals greater NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase transcription and ATP generation, fueled by increased glycolysis. The acquisition of atf3 induces changes in the bacterial acetylome, promoting lysine acetylation of multiple proteins involved in central metabolism, specifically Zwf (glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase). The atf3-mediated metabolic boost leads to greater consumption of glucose in the host airway and increased bacterial burden in the lung, independent of cytokine levels and immune cell recruitment. Acquisition of this acyltransferase enhances fitness of a K. pneumoniae ST258 isolate and may contribute to the success of this clonal complex as a healthcare-associated pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Gitanjali Bhushan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Thomas H McConville
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Medini K Annavajhala
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tania Wong Fok Lung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Casey E Hofstaedter
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Shivang S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander M Chong
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Victor G Castano
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alice Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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11
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Ahn D, Lee GJ, Choi YS, Park JW, Kim JK, Kim EJ, Lee YH. Timing and clinical outcomes of tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19. Br J Surg 2021; 108:e27-e28. [PMID: 33640938 PMCID: PMC7799185 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this retrospective multicentre cohort study that included 27 COVID-19 patients who underwent tracheostomy, the mean time between intubation and tracheostomy was 15.8 days and the negative conversion time of COVID-19 was 43.1 days. Eleven patients (40.7%) died of COVID-19 and the use of percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy was significantly associated with in-hospital death. Timely tracheostomy could be performed in COVID-19 patients, regardless of duration of intubation or positivity of COVID-19 test, with an open surgical tracheostomy as a preferable technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ahn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - G J Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Y S Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - J W Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - J K Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - E J Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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12
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Deep A, Knight P, Kernie SG, D'Silva P, Sobin B, Best T, Zorrilla M, Carson L, Zoica B, Ahn D. A Hybrid Model of Pediatric and Adult Critical Care During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Surge: The Experience of Two Tertiary Hospitals in London and New York. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2021; 22:e125-e134. [PMID: 33027239 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak has caused an unprecedented demand on global adult critical care services. As adult patients have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, pediatric practitioners world-wide have stepped forward to support their adult colleagues. In general, standalone pediatric hospitals expanded their capacity to centralize pediatric critical care, decanting patients from other institutions. There are few units that ran a hybrid model, managing both adult and pediatric patients with the same PICU staff. In this report, we describe the hybrid model implemented at our respective institutions with shared experiences, pitfalls, challenges, and adjustments required in caring for both young and older patients. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Two PICUs in urban tertiary hospitals in London and New York. PATIENTS Adult and pediatric patients admitted to the PICU in roughly a 6-week period during the coronavirus disease 2019 surge. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The PICU at King's College Hospital admitted 23 non-coronavirus disease adult patients, while whereas the PICU at Morgan Stanley's Children Hospital in New York admitted 46 adults, 30 of whom were coronavirus disease positive. The median age of adult patients at King's College Hospital was higher than those admitted in New York, 53 years (19-77 yr) and 24.4 years (18-52 yr), respectively. Catering to the different physical, emotional, and social needs of both children and adults by the same PICU team was challenging. One important consideration in both locations was the continued care of patients with severe non-coronavirus disease-related illnesses such as neurosurgical emergencies, trauma, and septic shock. Furthermore, retention of critical specialists such as transplant services allowed for nine and four solid organ transplants to occur in London and New York, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This hybrid model successfully allowed for the expansion into adult critical care while maintaining essential services for critically ill children. Simultaneous care of adults and children in the ICU can be sustained if healthcare professionals work collaboratively, show proactive insight into anticipated issues, and exhibit clear leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Deep
- Department of Child Health, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Knight
- Department of Child Health, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven G Kernie
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Pam D'Silva
- Department of Child Health, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brittany Sobin
- New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Thomas Best
- Division of Adult Critical Care, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Zorrilla
- New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Lydia Carson
- New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Bogdana Zoica
- Department of Child Health, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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13
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Peñaloza HF, Ahn D, Schultz BM, Piña-Iturbe A, González LA, Bueno SM. L-Arginine Enhances Intracellular Killing of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 by Murine Neutrophils. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:571771. [PMID: 33282749 PMCID: PMC7691228 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.571771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 (CRKP-ST258) are a global concern due to their rapid dissemination, high lethality, antibiotic resistance and resistance to components of the immune response, such as neutrophils. Neutrophils are major host mediators, able to kill well-studied and antibiotic-sensitive laboratory reference strains of K. pneumoniae. However, CRKP-ST258 are able to evade neutrophil phagocytic killing, persisting longer in the host despite robust neutrophil recruitment. Here, we show that neutrophils are unable to clear a CRKP-ST258 isolate (KP35). Compared to the response elicited by a prototypic K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (KPPR1), the neutrophil intracellular response against KP35 is characterized by equivalent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and myeloperoxidase content, but impaired phagosomal acidification. Our results ruled out that this phenomenon is due to a phagocytosis defect, as we observed similar efficiency of phagocytosis by neutrophils infected with KP35 or KPPR1. Genomic analysis of the cps loci of KPPR1 and KP35 suggest that the capsule composition of KP35 explain the high phagocytosis efficiency by neutrophils. Consistent with other reports, we show that KP35 did not induce DNA release by neutrophils and KPPR1 only induced it at 3 h, when most of the bacteria have already been cleared. l-arginine metabolism has been identified as an important modulator of the host immune response and positively regulate T cells, macrophages and neutrophils in response to microbes. Our data show that l-arginine supplementation improved phagosome acidification, increased ROS production and enhanced nitric oxide consumption by neutrophils in response to KP35. The enhanced intracellular response observed after l-arginine supplementation ultimately improved KP35 clearance in vitro. KP35 was able to dysregulate the intracellular microbicidal machinery of neutrophils to survive in the intracellular environment. This process, however, can be reversed after l-arginine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán F Peñaloza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bárbara M Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Piña-Iturbe
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Liliana A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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McConville TH, Annavajhala MK, Giddins MJ, Macesic N, Herrera CM, Rozenberg FD, Bhushan GL, Ahn D, Mancia F, Trent MS, Uhlemann AC. CrrB Positively Regulates High-Level Polymyxin Resistance and Virulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108313. [PMID: 33113377 PMCID: PMC7656232 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin resistance (PR) threatens the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections. PR frequently arises through chemical modification of the lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide. Various mutations are implicated in PR, including in three two-component systems—CrrA/B, PmrA/B, and PhoP/Q—and the negative regulator MgrB. Few have been functionally validated. Therefore, here we adapt a CRISPR-Cas9 system to CRKP to elucidate how mutations in clinical CRKP isolates induce PR. We demonstrate that CrrB is a positive regulator of PR, and common clinical mutations lead to the addition of both 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) and phosophethanolamine (pEtN) to lipid A, inducing notably higher polymyxin minimum inhibitory concentrations than mgrB disruption. Additionally, crrB mutations cause a significant virulence increase at a fitness cost, partially from activation of the pentose phosphate pathway. Our data demonstrate the importance of CrrB in high-level PR and establish important differences across crrB alleles in balancing resistance with fitness and virulence. McConville et al. leverage CRISPR-Cas to demonstrate that mutations in crrB induce high-level polymyxin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae via the addition of L-Ara4N and pEtN to lipid A. CrrB mutations also increase virulence while conferring a fitness cost and alter carbon metabolism through activation of the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H McConville
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Medini K Annavajhala
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marla J Giddins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nenad Macesic
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004 VIC, Australia
| | - Carmen M Herrera
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Felix D Rozenberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gitanjali L Bhushan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Filippo Mancia
- Department of Physiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - M Stephen Trent
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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15
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Miller J, Cantor A, Zachariah P, Ahn D, Martinez M, Margolis KG. Gastrointestinal Symptoms as a Major Presentation Component of a Novel Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children That Is Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Single Center Experience of 44 Cases. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1571-1574.e2. [PMID: 32505742 PMCID: PMC7270806 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Amanda Cantor
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Philip Zachariah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mercedes Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kara Gross Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
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16
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Diamond R, Fischer A, Hooe B, Sewell TB, Schweickert A, Ahn D, Jamal N, Zachariah P, Cheng J, Abreu W, Giordano M. A Clinical Pathway for Hospitalized Pediatric Patients With Initial SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Hosp Pediatr 2020; 10:810-819. [PMID: 32847961 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread quickly across the globe, creating unique and pressing challenges for today's physicians. Although this virus disproportionately affects adults, initial SARS-CoV-2 infection can present a significant disease burden for the pediatric population. A review of the literature yields descriptive studies in pediatric patients; however, no evidence-based or evidence-informed guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of the hospitalized pediatric patient have been published in peer-reviewed journals. The authors, working at a quaternary care children's hospital in the national epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, found an urgent need to create a unified, multidisciplinary, evidence-informed set of guidelines for the diagnosis and management of coronavirus disease 2019 in children. In this article, the authors describe our institutional practices for the hospitalized pediatric patient with confirmed or suspected initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. The authors anticipate that developing evidence-informed and institution-specific guidelines will lead to improvements in care quality, efficiency, and consistency; minimization of staff risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2; and increased provider comfort in caring for pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Diamond
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; and .,NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Avital Fischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; and.,NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin Hooe
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; and.,NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Taylor B Sewell
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; and.,NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Adam Schweickert
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; and.,NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; and.,NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Nazreen Jamal
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; and.,NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Philip Zachariah
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; and.,NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Cheng
- NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Wanda Abreu
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; and.,NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Mirna Giordano
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; and.,NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
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17
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Walden D, Sonbol M, Borad M, Petty SB, Yoon H, Bekaii-Saab T, Ahn D. P-91 A retrospective analysis of maintenance strategies in metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Tabernero J, Fernandez EE, Ghiringhelli F, Folprecht G, Curigliano G, Siena S, Cremolini C, Sobrero A, Kwiatek M, Keränen SR, Ahn D, Punt C, Laurent D, Ferrara M, Pellacani A, Capriati A. P-79 C-PRECISE-01 study: A phase Ib/II trial of MEN1611, a PI3K inhibitor, and cetuximab in patients with PIK3CA mutated metastatic colorectal cancer failing irinotecan, oxaliplatin, 5-FU and anti-EGFR containing regimens. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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19
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Lee S, Yu N, Laughlin B, Haddock M, Ashman J, Merrell K, Rule W, Wittich MN, Mathis K, Merchea A, Hubbard J, Bekaii-Saab T, Ahn D, Jin Z, Mahipal A, Etzioni D, Mishra N, Krishnan S, Hallemeier C, Sio T. P-130 Short course pelvic radiotherapy for localized and oligometastatic rectal adenocarcinoma: The Mayo Clinic experience. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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20
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Ahn D, Prince A. Participation of the IL-10RB Related Cytokines, IL-22 and IFN-λ in Defense of the Airway Mucosal Barrier. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:300. [PMID: 32637365 PMCID: PMC7318800 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelial barrier is a major barrier protecting against clinically significant infections of the lung. Its integrity is often compromised due to mechanical, chemical, or infectious causes. Opportunistic bacterial pathogens are poised to cause parenchymal infection and become difficult to eradicate due to adaptive metabolic changes, biofilm formation, and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance and fitness genes. Enhancing mucosal defenses by modulating the cytokines that regulate barrier functions, such as interleukin-22 (IL-22) and interferon-λ (IFN-λ), members of the IL-10 family of cytokines, is an attractive approach to prevent these infections that are associated with high morbidity and mortality. These cytokines both signal through the cognate receptor IL-10RB, have related protein structures and common downstream signaling suggesting shared roles in host respiratory defense. They are typically co-expressed in multiple models of infections, but with differing kinetics. IL-22 has an important role in the producing antimicrobial peptides, upregulating expression of junctional proteins in the airway epithelium and working in concert with other inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17. Conversely, IFN-λ, a potent antiviral in influenza infection with pro-inflammatory properties, appears to decrease junctional integrity allowing for bacterial and immune cell translocation. The effects of these cytokines are pleotropic, with pathogen and tissue specific consequences. Understanding how these cytokines work in the mucosal defenses of the respiratory system may suggest potential targets to prevent invasive infections of the damaged lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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21
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Zachariah P, Johnson CL, Halabi KC, Ahn D, Sen AI, Fischer A, Banker SL, Giordano M, Manice CS, Diamond R, Sewell TB, Schweickert AJ, Babineau JR, Carter RC, Fenster DB, Orange JS, McCann TA, Kernie SG, Saiman L. Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Disease Severity in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Children's Hospital in New York City, New York. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174:e202430. [PMID: 32492092 PMCID: PMC7270880 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Descriptions of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience in pediatrics will help inform clinical practices and infection prevention and control for pediatric facilities. OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology, clinical, and laboratory features of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at a children's hospital and to compare these parameters between patients hospitalized with and without severe disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective review of electronic medical records from a tertiary care academically affiliated children's hospital in New York City, New York, included hospitalized children and adolescents (≤21 years) who were tested based on suspicion for COVID-19 between March 1 to April 15, 2020, and had positive results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). EXPOSURES Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from a nasopharyngeal specimen using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Severe disease as defined by the requirement for mechanical ventilation. RESULTS Among 50 patients, 27 (54%) were boys and 25 (50%) were Hispanic. The median days from onset of symptoms to admission was 2 days (interquartile range, 1-5 days). Most patients (40 [80%]) had fever or respiratory symptoms (32 [64%]), but 3 patients (6%) with only gastrointestinal tract presentations were identified. Obesity (11 [22%]) was the most prevalent comorbidity. Respiratory support was required for 16 patients (32%), including 9 patients (18%) who required mechanical ventilation. One patient (2%) died. None of 14 infants and 1 of 8 immunocompromised patients had severe disease. Obesity was significantly associated with mechanical ventilation in children 2 years or older (6 of 9 [67%] vs 5 of 25 [20%]; P = .03). Lymphopenia was commonly observed at admission (36 [72%]) but did not differ significantly between those with and without severe disease. Those with severe disease had significantly higher C-reactive protein (median, 8.978 mg/dL [to convert to milligrams per liter, multiply by 10] vs 0.64 mg/dL) and procalcitonin levels (median, 0.31 ng/mL vs 0.17 ng/mL) at admission (P < .001), as well as elevated peak interleukin 6, ferritin, and D-dimer levels during hospitalization. Hydroxychloroquine was administered to 15 patients (30%) but could not be completed for 3. Prolonged test positivity (maximum of 27 days) was observed in 4 patients (8%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this case series study of children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19, the disease had diverse manifestations. Infants and immunocompromised patients were not at increased risk of severe disease. Obesity was significantly associated with disease severity. Elevated inflammatory markers were seen in those with severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Zachariah
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York,Department of Infection Prevention and Control, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York
| | - Candace L. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York,Department of Infection Prevention and Control, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York
| | - Katia C. Halabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Anita I. Sen
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Avital Fischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sumeet L. Banker
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mirna Giordano
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Christina S. Manice
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rebekah Diamond
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Taylor B. Sewell
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Adam J. Schweickert
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - John R. Babineau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - R. Colin Carter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel B. Fenster
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Teresa A. McCann
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven G. Kernie
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Saiman
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York,Department of Infection Prevention and Control, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York
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22
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Riquelme SA, Liimatta K, Wong Fok Lung T, Fields B, Ahn D, Chen D, Lozano C, Sáenz Y, Uhlemann AC, Kahl BC, Britto CJ, DiMango E, Prince A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Utilizes Host-Derived Itaconate to Redirect Its Metabolism to Promote Biofilm Formation. Cell Metab 2020; 31:1091-1106.e6. [PMID: 32428444 PMCID: PMC7272298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is especially pathogenic, often being associated with intractable pneumonia and high mortality. How P. aeruginosa avoids immune clearance and persists in the inflamed human airway remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that P. aeruginosa can exploit the host immune response to maintain infection. Notably, unlike other opportunistic bacteria, we found that P. aeruginosa alters its metabolic and immunostimulatory properties in response to itaconate, an abundant host-derived immunometabolite in the infected lung. Itaconate induces bacterial membrane stress, resulting in downregulation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and upregulation of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). These itaconate-adapted P. aeruginosa accumulate lptD mutations, which favor itaconate assimilation and biofilm formation. EPS, in turn, induces itaconate production by myeloid cells, both in the airway and systemically, skewing the host immune response to one permissive of chronic infection. Thus, the metabolic versatility of P. aeruginosa needs to be taken into account when designing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalle Liimatta
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Blanche Fields
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Microbiología Molecular, Logroño, LG 26006, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Area de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Microbiología Molecular, Logroño, LG 26006, Spain
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Barbara C Kahl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Clemente J Britto
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emily DiMango
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alice Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Ahn D, Song JD, Kang SS, Lim JY, Yang SH, Ko S, Park SH, Park SJ, Kim DS, Chang HJ, Chang J. Intrinsically p-type cuprous iodide semiconductor for hybrid light-emitting diodes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3995. [PMID: 32132624 PMCID: PMC7055318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuprous halides, characterized by a direct wide band-gap and a good lattice matching with Si, is an intrinsic p-type I-VII compound semiconductor. It shows remarkable optoelectronic properties, including a large exciton binding energy at room temperature and a very small piezoelectric coefficient. The major obstacle to its application is the difficulty in growing a single-crystal epitaxial film of cuprous halides. We first demonstrate the single crystal epitaxy of high quality cuprous iodide (CuI) film grown on Si and sapphire substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Enhanced photoluminescence on the order of magnitude larger than that of GaN and continuous-wave optically pumped lasing were found in MBE grown CuI film. The intrinsic p-type characteristics of CuI were confirmed using an n-AlGaN/p-CuI junction that emits blue light. The discovery will provide an alternative way towards highly efficient optoelectronic devices compatible with both Si and III-nitride technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ahn
- Peta Lux Inc., 3F TLi Building, 12 Yanghyeon-ro, 405 beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13438, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Center for Quantum Information Processing, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea. .,Physics Department, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431-0991, USA.
| | - J D Song
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Hwarang-ro 14 gil, Seoungbuk-ku, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - S S Kang
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Hwarang-ro 14 gil, Seoungbuk-ku, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Lim
- Peta Lux Inc., 3F TLi Building, 12 Yanghyeon-ro, 405 beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13438, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Yang
- Peta Lux Inc., 3F TLi Building, 12 Yanghyeon-ro, 405 beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13438, Republic of Korea
| | - S Ko
- Peta Lux Inc., 3F TLi Building, 12 Yanghyeon-ro, 405 beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13438, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Park
- Electronics Department, Catholic University of Daegu, 13 Hayang-Ro, Hayang-Eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Park
- WONIK IPS, 75 Jinwisandan-ro, Jinwi-myeon, Pyeingtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17709, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Kim
- TLi Inc., 10 F TLi Building, 12 Yanghyeon-ro, 405 beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13438, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Chang
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Hwarang-ro 14 gil, Seoungbuk-ku, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyeon Chang
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Hwarang-ro 14 gil, Seoungbuk-ku, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn D, Lee GJ, Sohn JH. Recurrence following hemithyroidectomy in patients with low- and intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma. Br J Surg 2020; 107:687-694. [PMID: 32026467 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the incidence, patterns and risk factors for recurrence after hemithyroidectomy in patients with low- and intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and verified the predictive role of the risk staging systems in current use. METHODS The clinicopathological characteristics and risk categories were analysed according to recurrence in patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy for low- and intermediate-risk conventional PTC, and were followed up for at least 24 months. Five risk staging systems were used to stratify risk: the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) system; Age, Metastases, Extent and Size (AMES) system; Metastases, Age, Complete resection, Invasion and Size (MACIS) system; Grade, Age, Metastases, Extent and Size (GAMES) system; and the eighth AJCC system. RESULTS The study included 561 patients; 93·9 per cent of the study population (527 of 561) had a papillary thyroid microcarcinoma 1 cm or smaller in size. At a mean follow-up of 83 months, 25 patients (4·5 per cent) had recurrence; among these patients, 23 (92%) presented with a remaining thyroid lobe. Multifocality was significantly associated with recurrence in univariable and multivariable analyses (adjusted hazard ratio 3·16, 95 per cent c.i. 1·25 to 7·98; P = 0·015). Disease-free survival (DFS) varied according to multifocality (P = 0·010). The five risk staging systems were not associated with recurrence, and their Harrell's C-index ranged from 0·500 to 0·531. DFS rates did not differ between the risk categories in each system. CONCLUSION Although the recurrence rate after hemithyroidectomy in patients with low- and intermediate-risk PTC was low, meticulous follow-up focusing on the remaining thyroid lobe is needed for early detection and timely management of recurrence. The risk scoring systems in current use have no predictive role in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ahn
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Korea
| | - G J Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Korea
| | - J H Sohn
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Korea
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Lenz H, Ahn D, Erlander M, Barzi A. A phase Ib/II study of onvansertib (PCM-075) in combination with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab for second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in patients with a KRAS mutation. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz246.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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26
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Almquist D, Javle M, Ciombor K, Roth M, Abdel-Wahab R, Ou FS, Wolfe E, Mody K, Mahipal A, Borad M, Bekaii-Saab T, Ahn D. FGFR2 fusions and its effect of patient (pt) outcomes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz247.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Chakrabarti S, Zemla T, Ou FS, Fruth B, Ahn D, Borad M, Hartgers M, Wessling J, Walkes R, Alberts S, McWilliams R, Liu M, Mahipal A. Phase II trial of trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) in patients with advanced refractory biliary tract cancer (BTC). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz247.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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28
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Patel N, Hatch D, Wells CM, Ahn D, Harris M, Jennings JA, Haggard W, Armstrong DG. Characteristics and clinical assessment of antibiotic delivery by chitosan sponge in the high-risk diabetic foot: a case series. J Wound Care 2019; 26:S32-S38. [PMID: 28379101 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2017.26.sup4.s32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The local delivery of antimicrobials is attractive for a number of reasons. Chitosan, a biodegradable polysaccharide sponge material, has been proposed as medium to deliver antibiotics directly to wounds. In this report we evaluate the safety and practicality of antimicrobial delivery via chitosan sponge. METHOD We present the clinical course and systemic absorption characteristics of three cases of people with diabetic foot wounds treated with antibiotic soaked chitosan sponge (Sentrex BioSponge, Bionova Medical, Germantown, TN). The antibiotic sponge was made by reconstituting 1.2g tobramycin or 100mg doxycycline in 10-15ml saline and saturating the sponge with the solution. The sponge was then applied to the wounds. Serum levels of each respective antibiotic were evaluated after application. Additional in vitro studies were conducted evaluating elution of antibiotics from the chitosan sponge at established minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Staphylococcus aureus over 28 days. RESULTS No patient experienced adverse local or systemic effects due to the sponge treatment. The measured serum levels applied antibiotics remained far less than established minimums after intravenous therapy. Each patient required further treatment, however local infection or contamination resolved during the course of their hospital stay after the chitosan/antibiotic application. CONCLUSION The use of antibiotic-impregnated chitosan sponges appears a safe and effective mechanism of local delivery of antimicrobials in wounds. Future studies and clinical trials are ongoing to confirm these results and to guide clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Patel
- Tucson Medical Center/Midwestern University Podiatry Residency, 5301 E. Grant Road, Tucson Arizona, 85733, US
| | - D Hatch
- Tucson Medical Center/Midwestern University Podiatry Residency, 5301 E. Grant Road, Tucson Arizona, 85733, US
| | - C M Wells
- MS student, The University of Memphis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 330 Engineering Technology, 3796 Norriswood Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38152, US
| | - D Ahn
- Undergraduate Student, The University of Memphis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 330 Engineering Technology, 3796 Norriswood Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38152, US
| | - M Harris
- Undergraduate Student, The University of Memphis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 330 Engineering Technology, 3796 Norriswood Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38152, US
| | - J A Jennings
- The University of Memphis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 330 Engineering Technology, 3796 Norriswood Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38152, US
| | - W Haggard
- The University of Memphis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 330 Engineering Technology, 3796 Norriswood Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38152, US
| | - D G Armstrong
- University of Arizona Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), 1501 N. Campbell Ave, PO box 245018, Tucson, AZ, 85724, US
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Ahn D, Teo YS, Jeong H, Bouchard F, Hufnagel F, Karimi E, Koutný D, Řeháček J, Hradil Z, Leuchs G, Sánchez-Soto LL. Adaptive Compressive Tomography with No a priori Information. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:100404. [PMID: 30932629 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantum state tomography is both a crucial component in the field of quantum information and computation and a formidable task that requires an incogitable number of measurement configurations as the system dimension grows. We propose and experimentally carry out an intuitive adaptive compressive tomography scheme, inspired by the traditional compressed-sensing protocol in signal recovery, that tremendously reduces the number of configurations needed to uniquely reconstruct any given quantum state without any additional a priori assumption whatsoever (such as rank information, purity, etc.) about the state, apart from its dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y S Teo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
| | - H Jeong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
| | - F Bouchard
- Physics Department, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - F Hufnagel
- Physics Department, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - E Karimi
- Physics Department, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - D Koutný
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J Řeháček
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Z Hradil
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - G Leuchs
- Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - L L Sánchez-Soto
- Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Ahn D, Wickersham M, Riquelme S, Prince A. The Effects of IFN-λ on Epithelial Barrier Function Contribute to Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 Pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:158-166. [PMID: 30183325 PMCID: PMC6376406 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0021oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-λ and IL-22, cytokines that share the coreceptor IL-10RB, are both induced over the course of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 (KP35) pneumonia. IL-22 is known to protect mucosal barriers, whereas the effects of IFN-λ on the mucosa are not established. We postulated that IFN-λ plays a role in regulating the airway epithelial barrier to facilitate cellular trafficking to the site of infection. In response to IFN-λ, the transmigration of neutrophils across a polarized monolayer of airway epithelial cells was increased, consistent with diminished epithelial integrity. KP35 infection increased epithelial permeability, and pretreatment with IFN-λ amplified this effect and facilitated bacterial transmigration. These effects of IFN-λ were confirmed in vivo, in that mice lacking the receptor for IFN-λ (Ifnlr1-/-) were protected from bacteremia in a murine model of KP35 pneumonia. Conversely, the integrity of the epithelial barrier was protected by IL-22, with subsequent impairment of neutrophil and bacterial transmigration in vitro. Maximal expression of IL-22 in vivo was observed later in the course of infection than IFN-λ production, with high levels of IL-22 produced by recruited immune cells at 48 hours, consistent with a role in epithelial barrier recovery. The divergent and opposing expression of these two related cytokines suggests a regulated interaction in the host response to KP35 infection. A major physiological effect of IFN-λ signaling is a decrease in epithelial barrier integrity, which facilitates immune cell recruitment but also enables K. pneumoniae invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Matthew Wickersham
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Sebastian Riquelme
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Alice Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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Tran B, Meric-Bernstam F, Arkenau HT, Bahleda R, Kelley R, Hierro C, Ahn D, Zhu A, Javle M, Winkler R, He H, Huang J, Goyal L. Efficacy of TAS-120, an irreversible fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor (FGFRi), in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and FGFR pathway alterations previously treated with chemotherapy and other FGFRi’s. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy432.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Ahn D, Barzi A, Miksad R, Surinach A, Corvino F, Valderrama A, Mamlouk K, Pulgar S, Bekaii-Saab T. Real-world dosing patterns of patients (pts) with metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) treated with liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) in US oncology clinics. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy282.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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33
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Meric-Bernstam F, Arkenau H, Tran B, Bahleda R, Kelley R, Hierro C, Ahn D, Zhu A, Javle M, Winkler R, He H, Huang J, Goyal L. Efficacy of TAS-120, an irreversible fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor, in cholangiocarcinoma patients with FGFR pathway alterations who were previously treated with chemotherapy and other FGFR inhibitors. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bekaii-Saab T, Ou F, Anderson D, Ahn D, Boland P, Ciombor K, Jacobs N, Desnoyers R, Cleary J, Meyers J, Chiorean E, Pedersen K, Barzi A, Sloan J, McCune J, Lacouture M, Lenz H, Grothey A. Regorafenib Dose Optimization Study (ReDOS): Randomized phase II trial to evaluate escalating dosing strategy and pre-emptive topical steroids for regorafenib in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) – An ACCRU Network study. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy149.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Riquelme SA, Ahn D, Prince A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae Adaptation to Innate Immune Clearance Mechanisms in the Lung. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:442-454. [PMID: 29617698 DOI: 10.1159/000487515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many different species of gram-negative bacteria are associated with infection in the lung, causing exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis (CF), and ventilator-associated pneumonias. These airway pathogens must adapt to common host clearance mechanisms that include killing by antimicrobial peptides, antibiotics, oxidative stress, and phagocytosis by leukocytes. Bacterial adaptation to the host is often evident phenotypically, with increased extracellular polysaccharide production characteristic of some biofilm-associated organisms. Given the relatively limited repertoire of bacterial strategies to elude airway defenses, it seems likely that organisms sharing the same ecological niche might also share common strategies to persistently infect the lung. In this review, we will highlight some of the major factors responsible for the adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the lung, addressing how growth in biofilms enables persistent infection, relevant to, but not limited to, the pathogenesis of infection in CF. In contrast, we will discuss how carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae evade immune clearance, an organism often associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia and health-care-acquired pneumonias, but not a typical pathogen in CF.
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Lee J, Lee J, Sohn J, Ahn D. EP-1140: Hypofractionated radiotherapy for early glottic cancer: retrospective analysis of single institution. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Park J, Lee J, Seol K, Sohn J, Ahn D. EP-1121: Treatment of oral cavity cancer: concurrent chemoradiotherapy vs surgery followed by radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Ahn D, Prince A. Host-Pathogen Interface: Progress in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Infection Due to Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the Intensive Care Unit. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:S1-S8. [PMID: 28375516 PMCID: PMC5853223 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse responses of critically ill patients to infection with multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria are determined by many complex factors. These include the nature of the immune response activated by specific organisms. Properties unique to each organism such as adherence proteins, microvesicle formation, toxin production and the propensity to form biofilms are important factors in pathogenesis. Equally important is the variability in the host immune response, whether due to genetic or iatrogenic factors, including the presence of major comorbidities, treatment with immunomodulatory therapy and disruption of the microbiome. Future approaches in treating infections caused by MDR bacteria will be heavily influenced by a precision medicine approach, with rapid diagnostic techniques of both bacterial and host factors and high throughput screening of novel therapeutics becoming the mainstay of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Alice Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
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Ahn D, Prince A. Participation of Necroptosis in the Host Response to Acute Bacterial Pneumonia. J Innate Immun 2017; 9:262-270. [PMID: 28125817 DOI: 10.1159/000455100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Common pulmonary pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the host-adapted pathogens responsible for health care-associated pneumonias, such as the carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcecsens, are able to activate cell death through the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL cascade that causes necroptosis. Necroptosis can influence the pathogenesis of pneumonia through several mechanisms. Activation of this pathway can result in the loss of specific types of immune cells, especially macrophages, and, in so doing, contribute to host pathology through the loss of their critical immunoregulatory functions. However, in other settings of infection, necroptosis promotes pathogen removal and the eradication of infected cells to control excessive proinflammatory signaling. Bacterial production of pore-forming toxins provides a common mechanism to activate necroptosis by diverse bacterial species, with variable consequences depending upon the specific pathogen. Included in this brief review are data demonstrating the ability of the carbapenem-resistant ST258 K. pneumoniae to activate necroptosis in the setting of pneumonia, which is counterbalanced by their suppression of CYLD expression. Exactly how necroptosis and other mechanisms of cell death are coregulated in the response to specific pulmonary pathogens remains a topic of active investigation, and it may provide potential therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Lee YM, Lee SY, Sasaki T, Kim K, Ahn D, Jung MC. Two different phase-change origins with chemical- and structural-phase-changes in C doped (1.5 wt.%) In 3Sb 1Te 2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38663. [PMID: 27929133 PMCID: PMC5144130 DOI: 10.1038/srep38663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We fabricated C-doped (1.5 wt.%) In3Sb1Te2 (CIST) thin films with amorphous phase (a-CIST) using a sputter method. Two electrical-phase-changes at 250 and 275 °C were observed in the sheet resistance measurement. In order to understand the origin of these electrical-phase-changes, all samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, and HRXPS with synchrotron radiation. In a-CIST, only weak Sb-C bonding was observed. In the first electrical-phase-change at 250 °C, strong Sb-C bonding occurred without an accompanying structural/phase change (still amorphous). On the other hand, the second electrical-phase-change at 275 °C was due to the structural/phase change from amorphous to crystalline without a chemical state change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lee
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Lee
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - T Sasaki
- Biology Resources Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - K Kim
- AE Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 111, Suwon, 440-600, Korea
| | - D Ahn
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - M-C Jung
- Laboratroy for Organic Electronics, Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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Ahn D, Peñaloza H, Wang Z, Wickersham M, Parker D, Patel P, Koller A, Chen EI, Bueno SM, Uhlemann AC, Prince A. Acquired resistance to innate immune clearance promotes Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 pulmonary infection. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e89704. [PMID: 27777978 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive changes in the genome of a locally predominant clinical isolate of the multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 (KP35) were identified and help to explain the selection of this strain as a successful pulmonary pathogen. The acquisition of 4 new ortholog groups, including an arginine transporter, enabled KP35 to outcompete related ST258 strains lacking these genes. KP35 infection elicited a monocytic response, dominated by Ly6Chi monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells that lacked phagocytic capabilities, expressed IL-10, arginase, and antiinflammatory surface markers. In comparison with other K. pneumoniae strains, KP35 induced global changes in the phagocytic response identified with proteomics, including evasion of Ca2+ and calpain activation necessary for phagocytic killing, confirmed in functional studies with neutrophils. This comprehensive analysis of an ST258 K. pneumoniae isolate reveals ongoing genetic adaptation to host microenvironments and innate immune clearance mechanisms that complements its repertoire of antimicrobial resistance genes and facilitates persistence in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hernán Peñaloza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Wickersham
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Purvi Patel
- Proteomics Shared Resource at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Antonius Koller
- Proteomics Shared Resource at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily I Chen
- Proteomics Shared Resource at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alice Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
Health care-associated bacterial pneumonias due to multiple-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens are an important public health problem and are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition to antimicrobial resistance, these organisms have adapted to the milieu of the human airway and have acquired resistance to the innate immune clearance mechanisms that normally prevent pneumonia. Given the limited efficacy of antibiotics, bacterial clearance from the airway requires an effective immune response. Understanding how specific airway pathogens initiate and regulate innate immune signaling, and whether this response is excessive, leading to host-induced pathology may guide future immunomodulatory therapy. We will focus on three of the most important causes of health care-associated pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and review the mechanisms through which an inappropriate or damaging innate immune response is stimulated, as well as describe how airway pathogens cause persistent infection by evading immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane Parker
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Taylor Cohen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Alice Prince
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Kim A, Ahn D, Kim JY, Park KH, Cho N, Paik M. Synthesis of hapten for measuring 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, major metabolite of chlorpyrifos. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lee YM, Ahn D, Kim JY, Kim YS, Cho S, Ahn M, Cho MH, Jung MS, Choi DK, Jung MC, Qi YB. Only the chemical state of Indium changes in Mn-doped In3Sb1Te2 (Mn: 10 at.%) during multi-level resistance changes. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4702. [PMID: 24736451 PMCID: PMC3988486 DOI: 10.1038/srep04702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We fabricated and characterized the material with Mn (10 at.%: atomic percent) doped In3Sb1Te2 (MIST) using co-sputtering and synchrotron radiation, respectively. The MIST thin film showed phase-changes at 97 and 320 °C, with sheet resistances of ~10 kΩ(sq) (amorphous), ~0.2 kΩ(sq) (first phase-change), and ~10 Ω(sq) (second phase-change). MIST did not exhibit any chemical separation or increased structural instability during either phase-change, as determined with high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Chemical state changes were only depended for In without concomitant changes of Sb and Te. Apparently, doped Mn atoms can be induced with movement of only In atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - D Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - J-Y Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC) and Department of Physics, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - S Cho
- Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC) and Department of Physics, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - M Ahn
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - M-H Cho
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Jung
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - D K Choi
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - M-C Jung
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Y B Qi
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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Ahn D, Sohn JH, Jeon JH, Jeong JY. Clinical impact of microscopic extrathyroidal extension in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma treated with hemithyroidectomy. J Endocrinol Invest 2014; 37:167-73. [PMID: 24497215 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-013-0025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathologically confirmed microscopic extrathyroidal extension (ETE) is often identified after hemithyroidectomy in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Without the presence of microscopic ETE, these patients would be optimal candidates for hemithyroidectomy. AIM The present study aimed at evaluating the clinical impact of microscopic ETE on the recurrence of PTMC treated with hemithyroidectomy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We compared the clinicopathological characteristics and 5-year outcomes for 262 PTMC patients without ETE and 86 with microscopic ETE who were treated with hemithyroidectomy between January 2004 and December 2010. RESULTS The mean tumour size was larger (0.67 vs. 0.54 cm, p < 0.001) and the proportion of tumours measuring ≥0.5 cm was higher (84.9 vs. 66.8 %, p = 0.001) in patients with microscopic ETE as compared with patients without ETE. Occult multifocal disease was more frequent in patients with microscopic ETE than in those without ETE (14.0 vs. 6.5 %, p = 0.030). However, the recurrence rate was not different between the two groups during the mean 55.8-month follow-up period. In addition, univariate and multivariate analyses revealed no meaningful association between recurrence and microscopic ETE in patients with PTMC treated with hemithyroidectomy. CONCLUSIONS Although microscopic ETE was associated with large tumour size and multifocal disease, its clinical impact on disease recurrence was not significant in PTMC patients treated with hemithyroidectomy. Therefore, microscopic ETE identified after hemithyroidectomy would not be an absolute indication for completion thyroidectomy in patients with PTMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ahn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Kitur K, Ahn D, Parker D, Prince A. Macrophage destruction and loss of immunoregulatory function contributes to the pathology associated with MRSA pneumonia. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.831.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alice Prince
- PharmacologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
- PediatricsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
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Guturu P, Sagi SV, Ahn D, Jaganmohan S, Kuo YF, Sood GK. Capsule endoscopy with PILLCAM ESO for detecting esophageal varices: a meta-analysis. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2011; 57:1-11. [PMID: 21372764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to perform meta-analysis of studies that compare diagnostic capabilities of esophageal capsule endoscopy (ECE) against conventional esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) in detecting esophageal varices. METHODS A literature search is done for studies that compared the performance of ECE and EGD in screening and surveillance of esophageal varices. Data was extracted to estimate the pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, positive diagnostic ratio, negative diagnostic ratio and diagnostic odds ratio. RESULTS We included 9 studies and total number of patients was 631. There were 12 capsule failures so data was available for 619 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of CE for detecting esophageal varices were 83% and 85% respectively. The pooled positive likelihood and negative likelihood ratios are 4.09 and 0.25, respectively. Pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 24.92. CONCLUSION In our meta- analysis PillCam ESO performed well in detecting esophageal varices but it was not comparable to EGD; it can be an acceptable alternative in certain situations but cannot be recommended to replace EGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guturu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Kim HT, Kim DW, Hwang JS, Shin JS, Whang D, Ahn D, Hwang SW. Probing the continuous radio frequency spectrum of water relaxation using a carbon nanotube. J Phys Condens Matter 2011; 23:072201. [PMID: 21411871 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/7/072201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have obtained the continuous radio frequency spectrum of water molecule relaxation using carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a high-speed nanoprobe. Three sets of characteristic time scales are clearly identified. Two sets are attributed to the electric-field-driven polarization of water molecules bound to CNTs and the collective relaxation of water layers in the vicinity of CNTs, respectively. The third set is appreciable only in air, and can be related to triplet oxygen relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Kim
- Research Center for Time-domain Nano-functional Devices and School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 5-1 Anam, Sungbuk, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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49
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Ahn D, Sohn K. A synchotron powder diffraction study for luminescent materials. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308082548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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50
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Ahn D, Shin N. 8C2 high-resolution powder diffraction beamline at Pohang Light Source and its recent results. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308094257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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