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Ran S, Ren Q, Li S. JAK2/STAT3 in role of arsenic-induced cell proliferation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:451-461. [PMID: 34332517 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malignant cell proliferation is one of the important mechanisms of arsenic poisoning. A large number of studies have shown that STAT3 plays an important role in cell malignant proliferation, but there are still many contradictions in the effect of arsenic on JAK2/STAT3. This study aims to explore the role of JAK2/STAT3 in arsenic-induced cell proliferation. METHODS By taking normal cells as the research object and using Standard Mean Difference (SMD) as the effect size, meta-analysis was used to explore the effect of arsenic on JAK2/STAT3. Then, the dose-effect Meta was used to further clarify the dose-effect relationship of arsenic on JAK2/STAT3. RESULTS Through meta-analysis, this study found that arsenic could promote the phosphorylation of STAT3 (SMD=4.21, 95%CI [1.05, 7.37]), and increase IL-6 and p-JAK2, Vimentin, VEGF expression levels, thereby inducing malignant cell proliferation. In addition, this study also found that arsenic exposure dose (<5 μmol m-3), time(<24 h) and cell type were important sources of heterogeneity in the process of exploring the effects of arsenic on p-STAT3, IL-6 and p-JAK2. Dose-effect relationship meta-analysis results showed that arsenic exposure significantly increased the expression level of IL-6. When the arsenic exposure concentration was less than 7 μmol m-3, the expression level of p-JAK2 upregulated significantly as the arsenic exposure concentration gradually increasing. Moreover, the expression level of p-STAT3 elevated significantly with the gradual increase of the arsenic concentration under 5 μmol m-3 of arsenic exposure, but the expression level of p-STAT3 gradually decreases when the concentration is greater than 5 μmol m-3. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to low dose of arsenic could promote the expression of JAK2/STAT3 and induce the malignant proliferation of cells through upregulating IL-6, and there was dose-effect relationship among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ran
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qingxin Ren
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Koutsouraki E, Pells S, De Sousa PA. Sufficiency of hypoxia-inducible 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenases to block chemical oxidative stress-induced differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2018; 34:101358. [PMID: 30640062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia benefits undifferentiated pluripotent stem cell renewal, and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dioxygenases have been implicated in pluripotent stem cell induction and renewal. We show in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) that an ambient oxygen-induced oxidative stress response elicited by culture in a hypoxic atmosphere (0.5% O2) correlates with the expression of 2OG dioxygenases, which oxidise DNA (TET1, 2, 3) and histone H3 (KDM4C), the former reflected by elevation in genomic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). siRNA-mediated targeting of KDM4C and TET1-3 induces hESC differentiation. Under ambient atmospheric oxygen (21% O2), exposure to a low inhibitory concentration of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2, IC10), as a model of chemically-induced oxidative stress, suppresses antioxidant gene expression, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and induces hESC differentiation. Co-administration of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine promoted anti-oxidant, pluripotency and 2OG dioxygenase gene expression, elevated genomic hydroxymethylation and blocked induction of differentiation. Transient ectopic expression of KDM4C or TET1 in ambient atmospheric oxygen achieved the same. Our study substantiates a role for 2OG-dependent dioxygenases in hypoxia's promotion of undifferentiated hESC self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Koutsouraki
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellors Building, 49 Little France Crescent, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Dr, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Steve Pells
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellors Building, 49 Little France Crescent, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Dr, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Paul A De Sousa
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellors Building, 49 Little France Crescent, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Dr, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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3
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Effects of oxidative and thermal stresses on stress granule formation in human induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182059. [PMID: 28746394 PMCID: PMC5528897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress Granules (SGs) are dynamic ribonucleoprotein aggregates, which have been observed in cells subjected to environmental stresses, such as oxidative stress and heat shock (HS). Although pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are highly sensitive to oxidative stress, the role of SGs in regulating PSC self-renewal and differentiation has not been fully elucidated. Here we found that sodium arsenite (SA) and HS, but not hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), induce SG formation in human induced (hi) PSCs. Particularly, we found that these granules contain the well-known SG proteins (G3BP, TIAR, eIF4E, eIF4A, eIF3B, eIF4G, and PABP), were found in juxtaposition to processing bodies (PBs), and were disassembled after the removal of the stress. Moreover, we showed that SA and HS, but not H2O2, promote eIF2α phosphorylation in hiPSCs forming SGs. Analysis of pluripotent protein expression showed that HS significantly reduced all tested markers (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, L1TD1, and LIN28A), while SA selectively reduced the expression levels of NANOG and L1TD1. Finally, in addition to LIN28A and L1TD1, we identified DPPA5 (pluripotent protein marker) as a novel component of SGs. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the molecular cues of hiPSCs responses to environmental insults.
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4
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Beeravolu N, McKee C, Chaudhry GR. Mechanism of arsenite toxicity in embryonic stem cells. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1151-1161. [PMID: 28370166 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental arsenite exposure has been linked to cancer as well as other diseases, presenting an important and serious public health problem. Toxicity of inorganic arsenite (iAs) has been investigated using animal models and cell culture, yet its developmental effects are poorly understood. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of iAs toxicity to ascertain insight into development and differentiation processes using mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The results showed that iAs exposure affected morphology and integrity of ESC colonies as well as inhibited cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner, excluding concentrations <1 μM iAs which stimulated ESC growth. ESCs self-renewal and pluripotency was also affected as evident from the downregulation of transcription circuitry, Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and Klf4 resulting in non-specific differentiation. ESCs exposed to iAs randomly differentiated into three germ layers, mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm, as judged by transcriptional expression of Brachyury, Gata4 and FGF2, as well as translational expression of BRACHYURY, GATA4 and TUJ1 respectively. The differentiated cells represented osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic and neurogenic lineages as evident from upregulation of Col1, Sox9, Col2, Myog, Notch, Nes and Nef. Although iAs caused slight apoptosis with a concomitant increase in ROS levels, the exposed ESCs had significant Bcl2 expression, which could be involved in the protection against apoptosis. Further analysis revealed upregulation of Jun and P38 in ESCs with an increase in iAs concentration. These observations indicated that iAs stress caused random differentiation of ESCs via JNK/P38 pathways. These findings suggest that iAs exposure may cause teratogenicity during early fetal development. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimisha Beeravolu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
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5
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Li J, Fu KZ, Vemula S, Le XC, Li XF. Studying developmental neurotoxic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) using embryonic stem cells. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 36:173-7. [PMID: 26456619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Katherine Z Fu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Sai Vemula
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.
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6
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Yao XF, Zheng BL, Bai J, Jiang LP, Zheng Y, Qi BX, Geng CY, Zhong LF, Yang G, Chen M, Liu XF, Sun XC. Low-level sodium arsenite induces apoptosis through inhibiting TrxR activity in pancreatic β-cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:486-91. [PMID: 26291581 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we reported that sodium arsenite induced ROS-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial pathway in pancreatic β-cells. Since the thioredoxin (Trx) system is the key antioxidant factor in mammalian cells, we investigate whether the inhibition of Trx system contributes to sodium arsenite-induced apoptosis in this study. After treatment with low-level (0.25-1μM) sodium arsenite for 96h, the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity was decreased significantly in pancreatic INS-1 cells. Following with the inactivation of TrxR, ASK1 was released from combining with Trx, which was evidenced by increased levels of ASK1 in sodium arsenite-treated INS-1 cells. Subsequently, activated ASK1 accelerated the expression of proapoptotic protein Bax and reduced the expression of anti-apoptic protein Bcl-2. Finally, low-level sodium arsenite induced apoptosis via caspase-3 in INS-1 cells. Knockdown of ASK1 alleviated sodium arsenite-induced apoptosis. In summary, the precise molecular mechanisms through which arsenic is related to diabetes have not been completely elucidated, inactivation of Trx system might provide insights into the underlying mechanisms at the environmental exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Bai-Lu Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Research Center, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Bao-Xu Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Cheng-Yan Geng
- Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Research Center, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Lai-Fu Zhong
- Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Research Center, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Research Center, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fang Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xian-Ce Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China; Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Research Center, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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7
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Cassar PA, Carpenedo RL, Samavarchi-Tehrani P, Olsen JB, Park CJ, Chang WY, Chen Z, Choey C, Delaney S, Guo H, Guo H, Tanner RM, Perkins TJ, Tenenbaum SA, Emili A, Wrana JL, Gibbings D, Stanford WL. Integrative genomics positions MKRN1 as a novel ribonucleoprotein within the embryonic stem cell gene regulatory network. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:1334-57. [PMID: 26265008 PMCID: PMC4670460 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), gene regulatory networks (GRNs) coordinate gene expression to maintain ESC identity; however, the complete repertoire of factors regulating the ESC state is not fully understood. Our previous temporal microarray analysis of ESC commitment identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase protein Makorin‐1 (MKRN1) as a potential novel component of the ESC GRN. Here, using multilayered systems‐level analyses, we compiled a MKRN1‐centered interactome in undifferentiated ESCs at the proteomic and ribonomic level. Proteomic analyses in undifferentiated ESCs revealed that MKRN1 associates with RNA‐binding proteins, and ensuing RIP‐chip analysis determined that MKRN1 associates with mRNAs encoding functionally related proteins including proteins that function during cellular stress. Subsequent biological validation identified MKRN1 as a novel stress granule‐resident protein, although MKRN1 is not required for stress granule formation, or survival of unstressed ESCs. Thus, our unbiased systems‐level analyses support a role for the E3 ligase MKRN1 as a ribonucleoprotein within the ESC GRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Cassar
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Collaborative Program in Genome Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard L Carpenedo
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan B Olsen
- Collaborative Program in Genome Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chang Jun Park
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wing Y Chang
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zhaoyi Chen
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chandarong Choey
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sean Delaney
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Huishan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Matthew Tanner
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Theodore J Perkins
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Scott A Tenenbaum
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science & Engineering SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Collaborative Program in Genome Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Collaborative Program in Genome Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derrick Gibbings
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - William L Stanford
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Collaborative Program in Genome Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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8
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Vlahopoulos SA, Cen O, Hengen N, Agan J, Moschovi M, Critselis E, Adamaki M, Bacopoulou F, Copland JA, Boldogh I, Karin M, Chrousos GP. Dynamic aberrant NF-κB spurs tumorigenesis: a new model encompassing the microenvironment. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:389-403. [PMID: 26119834 PMCID: PMC4526340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently it was discovered that a transient activation of transcription factor NF-κB can give cells properties essential for invasiveness and cancer initiating potential. In contrast, most oncogenes to date were characterized on the basis of mutations or by their constitutive overexpression. Study of NF-κB actually leads to a far more dynamic perspective on cancer: tumors caused by diverse oncogenes apparently evolve into cancer after loss of feedback regulation for NF-κB. This event alters the cellular phenotype and the expression of hormonal mediators, modifying signals between diverse cell types in a tissue. The result is a disruption of stem cell hierarchy in the tissue, and pervasive changes in the microenvironment and immune response to the malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros A Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece.
| | - Osman Cen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Nina Hengen
- Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah University, United States
| | - James Agan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Maria Moschovi
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Critselis
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - John A Copland
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, United States
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, United States
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
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Guidarelli A, Fiorani M, Azzolini C, Cerioni L, Scotti M, Cantoni O. U937 cell apoptosis induced by arsenite is prevented by low concentrations of mitochondrial ascorbic acid with hardly any effect mediated by the cytosolic fraction of the vitamin. Biofactors 2015; 41:101-10. [PMID: 25809564 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenite directly triggers cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO release in mitochondria isolated from U937 cells. These effects were not observed in mitochondria pre-exposed for 15 min to 10 µM L-ascorbic acid (AA). In other experiments, intact cells treated for 24-72 h with arsenite were found to die by apoptosis through a mechanism involving mitochondrial permeability transition. Pre-exposure (15 min) to low micromolar concentrations of AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), resulting in identical cytosolic levels of the vitamin, had a diverse impact on cell survival, as cytoprotection was only observed after treatment with AA. Also the mitochondrial accumulation of the vitamin was restricted to AA exposure. An additional indication linking cytoprotection to the mitochondrial fraction of the vitamin was obtained in experiments measuring susceptibility to arsenite in parallel with loss of mitochondrial and cytosolic AA at different times after vitamin exposure. Finally, we took advantage of our recent findings that DHA potently inhibits AA transport to demonstrate that DHA abolishes all the protective effects of AA, under the same conditions in which the mitochondrial accumulation of the vitamin is prevented without affecting the overall cellular accumulation of the vitamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guidarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
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Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) protects against sodium arsenite-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and programed cell death. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1057-70. [PMID: 24961358 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although kidney is a target organ of arsenic cytotoxicity, the underlying mechanisms of arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity remain poorly understood. As tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has recently been found to be a renal protectant in multiple kidney injuries, we hypothesize that TMP could suppress arsenic nephrotoxicity. In this study, human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 was used to elucidate the precise mechanisms of arsenic nephrotoxicity as well as the protective mechanism of TMP in these cells. Sodium arsenite exposure dramatically increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreased levels of cellular glutathione (GSH), decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential, which indicated mitochondrial dysfunction. On the other hand, sodium arsenite activated pro-inflammatory signals, including β-catenin, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), tumor necrosis factor alpha and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Small molecule inhibitors of NF-κB and p38 MAPK blocked arsenic-induced COX-2 expression, suggesting arsenic-induced COX-2 up-regulation was NF-κB- and p38 MAPK-dependent. Finally, sodium arsenite induced autophagy in HK-2 cells at early phase (6 h) and the subsequent apoptosis at 24 h. Treatment by TMP or by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine decreased arsenic-induced ROS production, enhanced GSH levels, prevented mitochondria dysfunction and suppressed the activation of pro-inflammatory signals and the development of autophagy and apoptosis. Our results suggested that TMP may be used as a new potential therapeutic agent to prevent arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing these pathological processes.
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Zhu XX, Yao XF, Jiang LP, Geng CY, Zhong LF, Yang G, Zheng BL, Sun XC. Sodium arsenite induces ROS-dependent autophagic cell death in pancreatic β-cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 70:144-50. [PMID: 24859355 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is a worldwide environmental pollutant. Inorganic arsenic's positive relationship with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus arouses concerns associated with its etiology in diabetes among the general human population. In this study, the inhibitor of autophagosome formation, 3-methyladenine, protected the cells against sodium arsenite cytotoxicity, and the autophagy stimulator rapamycin further decreased the cell viability of sodium arsenite-treated INS-1 cells. These finding suggested the hypothesis that autophagic cell death contributed to sodium arsenite-induced cytotoxicity in INS-1 cells. Sodium arsenite increased the autophagosome-positive puncta in INS-1 cells observed under a fluorescence microscope, and this effect was confirmed by the elevated LC3-II levels detected through Western blot. The LC3 turnover assay indicated that the accumulation of autophagosomes in the arsenite-treated INS-1 cells was due to increased formation rather than impaired degradation. The pretreatment of INS-1 cells with the ROS inhibitor NAC reduced autophagosome formation and reversed the sodium arsenite cytotoxicity, indicating that sodium arsenite-induced autophagic cell death was ROS-dependent. In summary, the precise molecular mechanisms through which arsenic is related to diabetes have not been completely elucidated, but the ROS-dependent autophagic cell death of pancreatic β-cells described in this study may help to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xin Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Research Center, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Cheng-Yan Geng
- Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Research Center, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Lai-Fu Zhong
- Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Research Center, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Research Center, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Bai-Lu Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xian-Ce Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China; Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Research Center, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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Wang SW, Sun YM. The IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway: potential therapeutic strategies in treating colorectal cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1032-40. [PMID: 24430672 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the cytokines linked to inflammation-associated cancer, interleukin (IL)-6 drives many of the cancer 'hallmarks' through downstream activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway. Additionally, dysregulation of the interleukin (IL)-6-mediated JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway is closely related to the development of diverse human solid tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC). On this basis, modulation of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway is currently being widely explored to develop novel therapies for CRC. The present review details the mechanisms and roles of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in CRC, describes current therapeutic strategies, and the search for potential therapeutic approaches to treat CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ming Sun
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
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Sodium meta-arsenite induces reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy in both androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2014; 25:53-62. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Arsenite evokes IL-6 secretion, autocrine regulation of STAT3 signaling, and miR-21 expression, processes involved in the EMT and malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Chen C, Jiang X, Zhao W, Zhang Z. Dual role of resveratrol in modulation of genotoxicity induced by sodium arsenite via oxidative stress and apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:8-17. [PMID: 23727334 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The potential benefits of resveratrol as an anticancer (proapoptosis) and antioxidant (pro-survival) compound have been studied extensively. However, the role of resveratrol in modulation of the toxicity induced by sodium arsenite (NaAsO₂) is still unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of resveratrol on NaAsO₂-induced cytotoxicity, DNA and chromosomal damage, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (A549) cell line at concentrations from 1 to 20 μM after 24h exposure. Our results revealed that at 1 and 5 μM, resveratrol was found to exert benefit effects, promoting cell viability and proliferation over 24h NaAsO₂ exposure, whereas, resveratrol was showed to inhibit cell survival under the same condition at 20 μM. Corresponding to the opposing effect of resveratrol at low vs. high concentrations, DNA and chromosomal damage, cell apoptotic rate and level of oxidative stress were also alleviated by lower concentrations (1, 5 μM) of resveratrol, but exacerbated by higher concentration (20 μM) resveratrol. Our study implicates that resveratrol is the most beneficial to cells at 1 and 5 μM and caution should be taken in applying resveratrol as an anticancer therapeutic agent or nutraceutical supplement due to its concentration dependent effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Yih LH, Hsu NC, Wu YC, Yen WY, Kuo HH. Inhibition of AKT enhances mitotic cell apoptosis induced by arsenic trioxide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 267:228-37. [PMID: 23352504 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence has revealed a tight link between arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced apoptosis and mitotic arrest in cancer cells. AKT, a serine/threonine kinase frequently over-activated in diverse tumors, plays critical roles in stimulating cell cycle progression, abrogating cell cycle checkpoints, suppressing apoptosis, and regulating mitotic spindle assembly. Inhibition of AKT may therefore enhance ATO cytotoxicity and thus its clinical utility. We show that AKT was activated by ATO in HeLa-S3 cells. Inhibition of AKT by inhibitors of the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway significantly enhanced cell sensitivity to ATO by elevating mitotic cell apoptosis. Ectopic expression of the constitutively active AKT1 had no effect on ATO-induced spindle abnormalities but reduced kinetochore localization of BUBR1 and MAD2 and accelerated mitosis exit, prevented mitotic cell apoptosis, and enhanced the formation of micro- or multi-nuclei in ATO-treated cells. These results indicate that AKT1 activation may prevent apoptosis of ATO-arrested mitotic cells by attenuating the function of the spindle checkpoint and therefore allowing the formation of micro- or multi-nuclei in surviving daughter cells. In addition, AKT1 activation upregulated the expression of aurora kinase B (AURKB) and survivin, and depletion of AURKB or survivin reversed the resistance of AKT1-activated cells to ATO-induced apoptosis. Thus, AKT1 activation suppresses ATO-induced mitotic cell apoptosis, despite the presence of numerous spindle abnormalities, probably by upregulating AURKB and survivin and attenuating spindle checkpoint function. Inhibition of AKT therefore effectively sensitizes cancer cells to ATO by enhancing mitotic cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Huei Yih
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC.
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