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Lu Q, Yan W, Zhu A, Tubin S, Mourad WF, Yang J. Combining spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) and immunotherapy opens new rays of hope for enhancing therapeutic ratio. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2024; 44:100691. [PMID: 38033759 PMCID: PMC10684810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy (SFRT) is a form of radiotherapy that delivers a single large dose of radiation within the target volume in a heterogeneous pattern with regions of peak dosage and regions of under dosage. SFRT types can be defined by how the heterogeneous pattern of radiation is obtained. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved for various malignant tumors and are widely used to treat patients with metastatic cancer. The efficacy of ICI monotherapy is limited due to the "cold" tumor microenvironment. Fractionated radiotherapy can achieve higher doses per fraction to the target tumor, and induce immune activation (immodulate tumor immunogenicity and microenvironment). Therefore, coupling ICI therapy and fractionated radiation therapy could significantly improve the outcome of metastatic cancer. This review focuses on both preclinical and clinical studies that use a combination of radiotherapy and ICI therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Lu
- Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, P.R. China
- Junxin Precision Oncology Group, P.R. China
| | - Weisi Yan
- Baptist Health System, Lexington, KY, United States
- Junxin Precision Oncology Group, P.R. China
| | - Alan Zhu
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Slavisa Tubin
- Albert Einstein Collage of Medicine New York, Center for Ion Therapy, Medaustron, Austria
| | - Waleed F. Mourad
- Department of Radiation Medicine Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky - College of Medicine, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, P.R. China
- Junxin Precision Oncology Group, P.R. China
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Hovhannisyan L, Riether C, Aebersold DM, Medová M, Zimmer Y. CAR T cell-based immunotherapy and radiation therapy: potential, promises and risks. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:82. [PMID: 37173782 PMCID: PMC10176707 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR T cell-based therapies have revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma within the last years. In contrast to the success in hematological cancers, the treatment of solid tumors with CAR T cells is still a major challenge in the field and attempts to overcome these hurdles have not been successful yet. Radiation therapy is used for management of various malignancies for decades and its therapeutic role ranges from local therapy to a priming agent in cancer immunotherapy. Combinations of radiation with immune checkpoint inhibitors have already proven successful in clinical trials. Therefore, a combination of radiation therapy may have the potential to overcome the current limitations of CAR T cell therapy in solid tumor entities. So far, only limited research was conducted in the area of CAR T cells and radiation. In this review we will discuss the potential and risks of such a combination in the treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Hovhannisyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 8, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
- Department for Biomedical Research, Radiation Oncology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Daniel M Aebersold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 8, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
- Department for Biomedical Research, Radiation Oncology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Medová
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 8, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
- Department for Biomedical Research, Radiation Oncology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
| | - Yitzhak Zimmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 8, Bern, 3008, Switzerland.
- Department for Biomedical Research, Radiation Oncology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, Bern, 3008, Switzerland.
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Novel Carbon Ion and Proton Partial Irradiation of Recurrent Unresectable Bulky Tumors (Particle-PATHY): Early Indication of Effectiveness and Safety. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092232. [PMID: 35565361 PMCID: PMC9101845 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We present the early results of a novel partial bulky-tumor irradiation using particles for patients with recurrent unresectable bulky tumors who failed previous state-of-the-art treatments. Methods: First, eleven consecutive patients were treated from March 2020 until December 2021. The targeted Bystander Tumor Volume (BTV) was created by subtracting 1 cm from Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) surface. It reflected approximately 30% of the central GTV volume and was irradiated with 30–45 Gy RBE (Relative Biological Effectiveness) in three consecutive fractions. The Peritumoral Immune Microenvironment (PIM) surrounding the GTV, containing nearby tissues, blood-lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, was considered an organ at risk (OAR) and protected by highly conservative constraints. Results: With the median follow up of 6.3 months, overall survival was 64% with a median survival of 6.7 months; 46% of patients were progression-free. The average tumor volume regression was 61% from the initial size. The symptom control rate was 91%, with an average increase of the Karnofsky Index of 20%. The abscopal effect has been observed in 60% of patients. Conclusions: Partial bulky-tumor irradiation is an effective, safe and well tolerated treatment for patients with unresectable recurrent bulky disease. Abscopal effects elucidate an immunogenic pathway contribution. Extensive tumor shrinkage in some patients might permit definitive treatment—otherwise previously impossible.
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Fakhri S, Piri S, Moradi SZ, Khan H. Phytochemicals Targeting Oxidative Stress, Interconnected Neuroinflammatory, and Neuroapoptotic Pathways Following Radiation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:836-856. [PMID: 34370636 PMCID: PMC9881105 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210809103346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiation for therapeutic purposes has shown positive effects in different contexts; however, it can increase the risk of many age-related and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). These different outcomes highlight a dose-response phenomenon called hormesis. Prevailing studies indicate that high doses of radiation could play several destructive roles in triggering oxidative stress, neuroapoptosis, and neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration. However, there is a lack of effective treatments in combating radiation-induced neurodegeneration, and the present drugs suffer from some drawbacks, including side effects and drug resistance. Among natural entities, polyphenols are suggested as multi-target agents affecting the dysregulated pathogenic mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease. This review discusses the destructive effects of radiation on the induction of neurodegenerative diseases by dysregulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. We also describe the promising effects of polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals in preventing and treating radiation-induced neurodegenerative disorders, aiming to find novel/potential therapeutic compounds against such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;,Address correspondence to these author at the Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; E-mail: Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan; E-mail:
| | - Sana Piri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;,These authors have contributed equally to this work.
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;,These authors have contributed equally to this work.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan,Address correspondence to these author at the Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; E-mail: Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan; E-mail:
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Ma L, Ye Z, Zhang Y, Shi W, Wang J, Yang H. Irradiated microvascular endothelial cells may induce bystander effects in neural stem cells leading to neurogenesis inhibition. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:192-201. [PMID: 35059710 PMCID: PMC8944295 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced neurocognitive dysfunction (RIND) has attracted a lot of attention lately due to the significant improvement of the survival of cancer patients after receiving cranial radiotherapy. The detailed mechanisms are not completely understood, but extensive evidence supports an involvement of the inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis, which may result from radiation-induced depletion of neural stem cells (NSCs) as well as the damage to neurogenic niches. As an important component of neurogenic niches, vascular cells interact with NSCs through different signaling mechanisms, which is similar to the characteristics of radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE). But whether RIBE is involved in neurogenesis inhibition contributed by the damaged vascular cells is unknown. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of RIBEs in non-irradiated bystander NSCs induced by irradiated bEnd.3 vascular endothelial cells in a co-culture system. The results show that compared with the NSCs cultured alone, the properties of NSCs were significantly affected after co-culture with bEnd.3 cells, and further change was induced without obvious oxidative stress and apoptosis when bEnd.3 cells were irradiated, manifesting as a reduction in the proliferation, neurosphere-forming capability and differentiation potential of NSCs. All these results suggest that the damaged vascular endothelial cells may contribute to neurogenesis inhibition via inducing RIBEs in NSCs, thus leading to RIND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China 215123
| | - Zhujing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China 215123
| | - Yarui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China 215123
| | - Wenyu Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, P. R. China
| | - Jingdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China 215123
| | - Hongying Yang
- Corresponding author. H. Yang, Tel: +86-512-65882637; Fax: +86-512-65884830;
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Association of Caspase 3 Activation and H2AX γ Phosphorylation in the Aging Brain: Studies on Untreated and Irradiated Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091166. [PMID: 34572352 PMCID: PMC8468010 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of H2AX is a response to DNA damage, but γH2AX also associates with mitosis and/or apoptosis. We examined the effects of X-rays on DNA integrity to shed more light on the significance of H2AX phosphorylation and its relationship with activation of caspase 3 (CASP3), the main apoptotic effector. After administration of the S phase marker BrdU, brains were collected from untreated and irradiated (10 Gray) 24-month-old mice surviving 15 or 30 min after irradiation. After paraffin embedding, brain sections were single- or double-stained with antibodies against γH2AX, p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) (which is recruited during the DNA damage response (DDR)), active CASP3 (cCASP3), 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU), and phosphorylated histone H3 (pHH3) (which labels proliferating cells). After statistical analysis, we demonstrated that irradiation not only induced a robust DDR with the appearance of γH2AX and upregulation of 53BP1 but also that cells with damaged DNA attempted to synthesize new genetic material from the rise in BrdU immunostaining, with increased expression of cCASP3. Association of γH2AX, 53BP1, and cCASP3 was also evident in normal nonirradiated mice, where DNA synthesis appeared to be linked to disturbances in DNA repair mechanisms rather than true mitotic activity.
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xu M, Miao Z, Tian Y. Inhibition of the CDK5/caspase-3 Pathway by p5-TAT Protects Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Alleviates Radiation-induced Cognitive Dysfunction. Neuroscience 2021; 463:204-215. [PMID: 33838288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction is a common complication associated with cranial radiation therapy. Inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis and proliferation plays a critical role in this complication. Relieving hippocampal apoptosis may significantly protect hippocampal neurogenesis and proliferation. Previous studies have demonstrated that hyperactivity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is closely related to apoptosis. The exact molecular changes and function of Cdk5 in radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction are still not clear. Whether inhibition of Cdk5 and the relevant caspase-3 could improve hippocampal neurogenesis and ameliorate radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction needs further exploration. We hypothesized that inhibition of the Cdk5/caspase-3 pathway by p5-TAT could protect hippocampal neurogenesis and alleviate radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction. In our study, we reported that radiation induced hyperactivity of Cdk5 accompanied by elevation of the levels of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of neuronal apoptosis. Inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis and proliferation as well as cognitive dysfunction was also observed. p5-TAT, a specific inhibitor of Cdk5, decreased the overactivation of Cdk5 without affecting the levels of Cdk5 activators. Additionally, this treatment suppressed the expression of cleaved caspase-3. We further demonstrated that p5-TAT treatment reduced hippocampal dysfunction and improved behavioral performance. Therefore, Cdk5 inhibition by the small peptide p5-TAT is a promising therapeutic strategy for radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China; Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Experiment Center, Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Meiling Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China; Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China; Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, China.
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8
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Yang X, Ma L, Ye Z, Shi W, Zhang L, Wang J, Yang H. Radiation-induced bystander effects may contribute to radiation-induced cognitive impairment. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:329-340. [PMID: 33332177 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1864498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite being a major treatment modality for brain cancer due to its efficiency in achieving cancer control, radiotherapy has long been known to cause long-term side effects, including radiation-induced cognitive impairment (RICI). Neurogenesis inhibition due to radiation-induced damage in neural stem cells (NSCs) has been demonstrated to be an important mechanism underlying RICI. Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBEs) denote the biological responses in non-targeted cells after their neighboring cells are irradiated. We have previously demonstrated that RIBEs could play an important role in the skin wound healing process. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether RIBEs contribute to RICI in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The transwell co-culture method was used to investigate bystander effects in mouse NSCs induced by irradiated GL261 mouse glioma cells in vitro. The proliferation, neurosphere-forming capacity and differentiation potential of NSCs were determined as the bystander endpoints. The exosomes were extracted from the media used to culture GL261 cells and were injected into the hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice. Two months later, the neurogenesis of mice was assessed using BrdU incorporation and immunofluorescence microscopy, and cognitive function was evaluated by the Morris Water Maze. RESULTS After co-culture with GL261 glioma cells, mouse NSCs displayed inhibited proliferation and reduced neurosphere-forming capacity and differentiation potential. The irradiated GL261 cells caused greater inhibition and reduction in NSCs than unirradiated GL261 cells. Moreover, adding the exosomes secreted by GL261 cells into the culture of NSCs inhibited NSC proliferation, suggesting that the cancer cell-derived exosomes may be critical intercellular signals. Furthermore, injection of the exosomes from GL261 cells into the hippocampus of mice caused significant neurogenesis inhibition and cognitive impairment two month later, and the exosomes from irradiated GL261 cells induced greater inhibitory effects. CONCLUSION RIBEs mediated by the exosomes from irradiated cancer cells could contribute to RICI and, therefore, could be a novel mechanism underlying RICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Linlin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Zhujing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Wenyu Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.,Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Jingdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Hongying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, PR China.,Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
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Tubin S, Gupta S, Grusch M, Popper HH, Brcic L, Ashdown ML, Khleif SN, Peter-Vörösmarty B, Hyden M, Negrini S, Fossati P, Hug E. Shifting the Immune-Suppressive to Predominant Immune-Stimulatory Radiation Effects by SBRT-PArtial Tumor Irradiation Targeting HYpoxic Segment (SBRT-PATHY). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010050. [PMID: 33375357 PMCID: PMC7795882 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review presents and summarizes the key components and outcomes of a novel, unconventional radiation approach aimed to exploit immune-stimulatory radiation effects which, being added to direct radiation tumor cell killing, may improve the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy. This technique, as a product of translational oncology research, was intentionally developed for the induction of immune-mediated bystander and abscopal effects in the treatment of unresectable bulky tumors which have much fewer therapeutic options and show poor prognoses after conventional treatments. This review offers insights into a unique unconventional radiotherapy technique which, due to its higher immunogenic potential, may improve the prognosis of patients affected by highly complex malignancies, providing additional opportunities for future research in terms of combining novel immuno-modulating agents with more modern radiotherapy approaches. Abstract Radiation-induced immune-mediated abscopal effects (AE) of conventional radiotherapy are very rare. Whole-tumor irradiation leads to lymphopenia due to killing of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in immunosuppression and weak abscopal potential. This limitation may be overcome by partial tumor irradiation sparing the peritumoral immune-environment, and consequent shifting of immune-suppressive to immune-stimulatory effect. This would improve the radiation-directed tumor cell killing, adding to it a component of immune-mediated killing. Our preclinical findings showed that the high-single-dose irradiation of hypoxic tumor cells generates a stronger bystander effect (BE) and AE than the normoxic cells, suggesting their higher “immunogenic potential”. This led to the development of a novel Stereotactic Body RadioTherapy (SBRT)-based PArtial Tumor irradiation targeting HYpoxic segment (SBRT-PATHY) for induction of the immune-mediated BE and AE. Encouraging SBRT-PATHY-clinical outcomes, together with immunohistochemical and gene-expression analyses of surgically removed abscopal-tumor sites, suggested that delivery of the high-dose radiation to the partial (hypoxic) tumor volume, with optimal timing based on the homeostatic fluctuation of the immune response and sparing the peritumoral immune-environment, would significantly enhance the immune-mediated anti-tumor effects. This review discusses the current evidence on the safety and efficacy of SBRT-PATHY in the treatment of unresectable hypoxic bulky tumors and its bystander and abscopal immunomodulatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavisa Tubin
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Marie Curie-Straße 5, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria; (P.F.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-676-9021-687
| | - Seema Gupta
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.G.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.); (B.P.-V.)
| | - Helmuth H. Popper
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Luka Brcic
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Martin L. Ashdown
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia;
| | - Samir N. Khleif
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.G.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Barbara Peter-Vörösmarty
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.); (B.P.-V.)
| | - Martin Hyden
- Institute for Pathology, Kabeg Klinikum Klagenfurt, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria;
| | - Simone Negrini
- Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Piero Fossati
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Marie Curie-Straße 5, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria; (P.F.); (E.H.)
| | - Eugen Hug
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Marie Curie-Straße 5, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria; (P.F.); (E.H.)
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Ghasemi Z, Tahmasebi-Birgani MJ, Ghafari Novin A, Motlagh PE, Teimoori A, Ghadiri A, Pourghadamyari H, Sarli A, Khanbabaei H. Fractionated radiation promotes proliferation and radioresistance in bystander A549 cells but not in bystander HT29 cells. Life Sci 2020; 257:118087. [PMID: 32702442 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies suggest that direct exposure of cells to fractionated radiotherapy might induce radioresistance. However, the effects of fractionated radiotherapy on the non-irradiated bystander cells remain unclear. We hypothesized that fractionated radiotherapy could enhance radioresistance and proliferation of bystander cells. MAIN METHODS Human tumor cell lines, including A549 and HT29 were irradiated (2 Gy per day). The irradiated cells (either A549 or HT29) were co-cultured with non-irradiated cells of the same line using transwell co-culture system. Tumor cell proliferation, radioresistance and apoptosis were measured using MTT assay, clonogenic survival assay and Annexin-V in bystander cells, respectively. In addition, activation of Chk1 (Ser 317), Chk2 (Thr 68) and Akt (Ser473) were measured via western blot. KEY FINDINGS Irradiated HT29 cells induced conventional bystander effects detected as modulation of clonogenic survival parameters (decreased area under curve, D10 and ED50 and increased α) and proliferation in recipient neighbors. While, irradiated A549 cells significantly enhanced the radioresistance and proliferation of bystander cells. These changes were accompanied with enhanced activation of Chk1, Chk2 and Akt in non-irradiated bystander A549 cells. Moreover, both bystander effects (damaging and protective) were mediated through secreted factors. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that fractionated radiotherapy could promote proliferation and radioresistance of bystander cells probably through survival and proliferation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghasemi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Modern Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arefeh Ghafari Novin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Esmaili Motlagh
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Pourghadamyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdolazim Sarli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Science School, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Tubin S, Yan W, Mourad WF, Fossati P, Khan MK. The future of radiation-induced abscopal response: beyond conventional radiotherapy approaches. Future Oncol 2020; 16:1137-1151. [PMID: 32338046 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the immunological pharmaceuticals, such as checkpoint inhibitors and agonists, have positive implications for the future of the radiotherapy abscopal response. A once rare phenomenon, whereby distant nonirradiated tumor sites regressed after radiotherapy alone, may become more common when combined with the immune modulating agents. Radiotherapy can increase neoantigen expression, increased tumor PD-L1 expression, increase MHC class I expression, reverse exhausted CD8 T cells and increase tumor-infiltrating tumors within the tumor microenvironment. These changes in the tumor and the tumor microenvironment after radiotherapy could potentiate responses to anti-CTL-4, anti-PD-L1/PD-1 and other immunotherapy agents. Thus, advances in checkpoint inhibitors have increased interest in re-evaluation of the role of conventional radiotherapy approaches on the immune system. We reviewed newer nonconventional approaches such as SBRT-PATHY, GRID, FLASH, carbon ion and proton therapy and their role in eliciting immune responses. We believe that combining these novel radiation methods may enhance the outcome with the newly US FDA approved immune modulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavisa Tubin
- MedAustron Center for Ion Therapy and Research, Marie Curie Strasse 5, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Weisi Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 11th St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Waleed F Mourad
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Medical Center, MN 150 - Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA
| | - Piero Fossati
- MedAustron Center for Ion Therapy and Research, Marie Curie Strasse 5, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Mohammad K Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365-C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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12
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Zakhvataev VE. Tidal variations of background ionizing radiation and circadian timing of the suprachiasmatic nucleus clock. Med Hypotheses 2020; 140:109667. [PMID: 32182557 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, correlations of different physiological processes in humans with variations in the local lunisolar gravitational tide force have been observed under highly controlled laboratory conditions. Understanding of the physical nature of this phenomenon needs a comprehensive study of its possible molecular mechanisms. One of the possible timing cues is the strong periodic variation of the emanation fields of radon-222 and its progeny produced by tidal deformations of geological environment. In the present work, we argue that this variation could induce temporal modulation of radiation-induced bystander signaling pathways associated with fundamental regulators of gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Zakhvataev
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
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13
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Ivanov VN, Grabham PW, Wu CC, Hei TK. Inhibition of autophagic flux differently modulates cannabidiol-induced death in 2D and 3D glioblastoma cell cultures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2687. [PMID: 32060308 PMCID: PMC7021896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy is the major treatment modality for human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBMs eventually relapse after treatment and the average survival of GBM patients is less than two years. There is some evidence that cannabidiol (CBD) can induce cell death and increases the radiosensitivity of GBM by enhancing apoptosis. Beside initiation of death, CBD has been demonstrated as an inducer of autophagy. In the present study, we address the question whether CBD simultaneously induces a protective effect in GBM by upregulating autophagy. Addition of chloroquine that suppressed autophagic flux to 2D GBM cultures increased CBD-induced cell death, presenting proof for the protective autophagy. Blockage of autophagy upregulated radiation-induced cytotoxicity but only modestly affected the levels of cell death in CBD- or CBD/γ-irradiated 3D GBM cultures. Furthermore, CBD enhanced the pro-apoptotic activities of JNK1/2 and MAPK p38 signaling cascades while partially downregulated the pro-survival PI3K-AKT cascade, thereby changing a balance between cell death and survival. Suppression of JNK activation partially reduced CBD-induced cell death in 3D GBM cultures. In contrast, co-treatment of CBD-targeted cells with inhibitors of PI3K-AKT-NF-κB, IKK-NF-κB or JAK2-STAT3 pathways killed surviving GBM cells in both 2D and 3D cultures, potentially improving the therapeutic ratio of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Ivanov
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Peter W Grabham
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Cheng-Chia Wu
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tom K Hei
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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14
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Yan W, Khan MK, Wu X, Simone CB, Fan J, Gressen E, Zhang X, Limoli CL, Bahig H, Tubin S, Mourad WF. Spatially fractionated radiation therapy: History, present and the future. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2020; 20:30-38. [PMID: 31768424 PMCID: PMC6872856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weisi Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad K. Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Charles B. Simone
- New York Proton Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiajin Fan
- Radiation Oncology, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Inova Health System, USA
| | - Eric Gressen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles L. Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Ivine 92697-2695, USA
| | - Houda Bahig
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Slavisa Tubin
- KABEG Klinikum Klagenfurt, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Feschnigstraße 11, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Waleed F. Mourad
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky – College of Medicine, USA
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15
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Yokota Y, Wada Y, Funayama T. Distinct modes of death in human neural stem and glioblastoma cells irradiated with carbon-ion radiation and gamma-rays. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:172-178. [PMID: 31633435 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1683639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Accumulated damage in neural stem cells (NSCs) during brain tumor radiotherapy causes cognitive dysfunction to the patients. Carbon-ion radiotherapy can reduce undesired irradiation of normal tissues more efficiently than conventional photon radiotherapy. This study elucidates the responses of NSCs to carbon-ion radiation.Methods: Human NSCs and glioblastoma A-172 cells were irradiated with carbon-ion radiation and γ-rays, which have different linear-energy-transfer (LET) values of 108 and 0.2 keV/μm, respectively. After irradiation, growth rates were measured, apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry, and DNA synthesizing cells were immunocytochemically visualized.Results: Growth rates of NSCs and A-172 cells were decreased after irradiation. The percentages of apoptotic cells were remarkably increased in NSCs but not in A-172 cells. In contrast, the fractions of DNA synthesizing A-172 cells were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that apoptosis induction and DNA synthesis inhibition contribute to the growth inhibition of NSCs and glioblastoma cells, respectively. In addition, high-LET carbon ions induced more profound effects than low-LET γ-rays.Conclusions: Apoptosis is an important clinical target to protect NSCs during brain tumor radiotherapy using carbon-ion radiation as well as conventional X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Yokota
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Wada
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoo Funayama
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Japan
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16
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Li M, Sun S, Dangelmajer S, Zhang Q, Wang J, Hu F, Dong F, Kahlert UD, Zhu M, Lei T. Exploiting tumor-intrinsic signals to induce mesenchymal stem cell-mediated suicide gene therapy to fight malignant glioma. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:88. [PMID: 30867058 PMCID: PMC6417183 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene delivery is regarded as an effective treatment for glioblastoma (GBM). However, adverse-free target site homing of the delivery vehicles to the tumor microsatellite nests is challenging, leading to erroneously sustained released of this suicide protein into the normal brain parenchyma; therefore, limiting off-target cytotoxicity and controlled expression of the suicide inductor is a prerequisite for the safe use of therapeutic stem cells. Methods Utilizing the intrinsic expression profile of GBM and its elevated expression of TGF-β relative to normal brain tissue, we sought to engineer human adipose-derived MSCs (hAMSC-SBE4-TRAIL) which augment the expression of TRAIL under the trigger of TGF-β signaling. We validated our therapeutic technology in a series of functional in vitro and in vivo assays using primary patient-derived GBM models. Results Our current findings show that these biologic delivery vehicles have high tumor tropism efficacy and expression TRAIL gene under the trigger of TGF-β-secreting GBMs, as well as avoid unspecific TRAIL secretion into normal brain tissue. hAMSC-SBE4-TRAIL inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis in experimental GBMs both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, our improved platform of engineered MSCs significantly decreased the tumor volume and prolonged survival time in a murine model of GBM. Conclusions Our results on the controlled release of suicide inductor TRAIL by exploiting an endogenous tumor signaling pathway demonstrate a significant improvement for the clinical utility of stem cell-mediated gene delivery to treat brain cancers. Harvesting immune-compatible MSCs from patients’ fat by minimally invasive procedures further highlights the clinical potential of this approach in the vision of applicability in a personalized manner. The hAMSC-SBE4-TRAIL exhibit great curative efficacy and are a promising cell-based treatment option for GBM to be validated in clinical exploration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1194-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoujia Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sean Dangelmajer
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyong Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ulf D Kahlert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Düsseldorf, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen/Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Mingxin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
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17
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Inhibition of ATM kinase upregulates levels of cell death induced by cannabidiol and γ-irradiation in human glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:825-846. [PMID: 30783513 PMCID: PMC6368233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in glioblastoma (GBM) therapy, prognosis of the disease remains poor with a low survival rate. Cannabidiol (CBD) can induce cell death and enhance radiosensitivity of GBM but not normal astrocytes. Inhibition of ATM kinase is an alternative mechanism for radiosensitization of cancer cells. In this study, we increased the cytotoxic effects of the combination of CBD and γ-irradiation in GBM cells through additional inhibition of ATM kinase with KU60019, a small molecule inhibitor of ATM kinase. We observed in GBM cells treated by CBD, γ-irradiation and KU60019 high levels of apoptosis together with strong upregulation of the percentage of G2/M-arrested cells, blockade of cell proliferation and a massive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, these changes caused both apoptotic and non-apoptotic inflammation-linked cell death. Furthermore, via JNK-AP1 activation in concert with active NF-κB, CBD upregulated gene and protein expression of DR5/TRAIL-R2 and sensitize GBM cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In contrast, CBD notably decreased in GBM surface levels of PD-L1, a critical immune checkpoint agent for T-lymphocytes. We also used in the present study TS543 human proneural glioma cells that were grown as spheroid culture. TS543 neurospheres exhibited dramatic sensitivity to CBD-mediated killing that was additionally increased in combination with γ-irradiation and KU60019. In conclusion, treatment of human GBM by the triple combination (CBD, γ-irradiation and KU60019) could significantly increase cell death levels in vitro and potentially improve the therapeutic ratio of GBM.
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18
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Fabbrizi MR, Warshowsky KE, Zobel CL, Hallahan DE, Sharma GG. Molecular and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of normal stem cell radiosensitivity. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:117. [PMID: 30588339 PMCID: PMC6299079 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) therapy is a major cancer treatment modality and an indispensable auxiliary treatment for primary and metastatic cancers, but invariably results in debilitating organ dysfunctions. IR-induced depletion of neural stem/progenitor cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus where neurogenesis occurs is considered largely responsible for deficiencies such as learning, memory, and spatial information processing in patients subjected to cranial irradiation. Similarly, IR therapy-induced intestinal injuries such as diarrhea and malabsorption are common side effects in patients with gastrointestinal tumors and are believed to be caused by intestinal stem cell drop out. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently used to reinstate blood production in leukemia patients and pre-clinical treatments show promising results in other organs such as the skin and kidney, but ethical issues and logistic problems make this route difficult to follow. An alternative way to restore the injured tissue is to preserve the stem cell pool located in that specific tissue/organ niche, but stem cell response to ionizing radiation is inadequately understood at the molecular mechanistic level. Although embryonic and fetal hypersensity to IR has been very well known for many decades, research on embryonic stem cell models in culture concerning molecular mechanisms have been largely inconclusive and often in contradiction of the in vivo observations. This review will summarize the latest discoveries on stem cell radiosensitivity, highlighting the possible molecular and epigenetic mechanism(s) involved in DNA damage response and programmed cell death after ionizing radiation therapy specific to normal stem cells. Finally, we will analyze the possible contribution of stem cell-specific chromatin's epigenetic constitution in promoting normal stem cell radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Fabbrizi
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Kacie E. Warshowsky
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Cheri L. Zobel
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Dennis E. Hallahan
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Girdhar G. Sharma
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
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19
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Goodfellow FT, Willard KA, Wu X, Scoville S, Stice SL, Brindley MA. Strain-Dependent Consequences of Zika Virus Infection and Differential Impact on Neural Development. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100550. [PMID: 30304805 PMCID: PMC6212967 DOI: 10.3390/v10100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy can result in neonatal abnormalities, including neurological dysfunction and microcephaly. Experimental models of congenital Zika syndrome identified neural progenitor cells as a target of viral infection. Neural progenitor cells are responsible for populating the developing central nervous system with neurons and glia. Neural progenitor dysfunction can lead to severe birth defects, namely, lissencephaly, microcephaly, and cognitive deficits. For this study, the consequences of ZIKV infection in human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor (hNP) cells and neurons were evaluated. ZIKV isolates from Asian and African lineages displayed lineage-specific replication kinetics, cytopathic effects, and impacts on hNP function and neuronal differentiation. The currently circulating ZIKV isolates exhibit a unique profile of virulence, cytopathic effect, and impaired cellular functions that likely contribute to the pathological mechanism of congenital Zika syndrome. The authors found that infection with Asian-lineage ZIKV isolates impaired the proliferation and migration of hNP cells, and neuron maturation. In contrast, the African-lineage infections resulted in abrupt and extensive cell death. This work furthers the understanding of ZIKV-induced brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest T Goodfellow
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Katherine A Willard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | | | - Steven L Stice
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Melinda A Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Population Health, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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20
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McKelvey KJ, Hudson AL, Back M, Eade T, Diakos CI. Radiation, inflammation and the immune response in cancer. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:843-865. [PMID: 30178305 PMCID: PMC6267675 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Radiation is an important component of cancer treatment with more than half of all patients receive radiotherapy during their cancer experience. While the impact of radiation on tumour morphology is routinely examined in the pre-clinical and clinical setting, the impact of radiation on the tumour microenvironment and more specifically the inflammatory/immune response is less well characterised. Inflammation is a key contributor to short- and long-term cancer eradication, with significant tumour and normal tissue consequences. Therefore, the role of radiation in modulating the inflammatory response is highly topical given the current wave of targeted and immuno-therapeutic treatments for cancer. This review provides a general overview of how radiation modulates the inflammatory and immune response—(i) how radiation induces the inflammatory/immune system, (ii) the cellular changes that take place, (iii) how radiation dose delivery affects the immune response, and (iv) a discussion on research directions to improve patient survival, reduce side effects, improve quality of life, and reduce financial costs in the immediate future. Harnessing the benefits of radiation on the immune response will enhance its maximal therapeutic benefit and reduce radiation-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J McKelvey
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Northern Sydney Local Health District Research and the Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia. .,Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia. .,Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - Amanda L Hudson
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Northern Sydney Local Health District Research and the Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Michael Back
- Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Tom Eade
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Connie I Diakos
- Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
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21
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Xu M, Fan Q, Zhang J, Chen Y, Xu R, Chen L, Zhao P, Tian Y. NFAT3/c4-mediated excitotoxicity in hippocampal apoptosis during radiation-induced brain injury. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:827-833. [PMID: 28992110 PMCID: PMC5710526 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Whole brain irradiation (WBI) has become an indispensible tool in the treatment of head and neck cancer, and it has greatly improved patient survival rate and total survival time. In addition, prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) has dramatically decreased the incidence of brain metastatic carcinoma. However, WBI may induce temporary functional deficits or even progressive, irreversible cognitive dysfunction that compromises the quality of life for survivors. Unfortunately, the exact molecular mechanisms for cognitive damage remain elusive, and no treatment or preventative measures are available for use in the clinic. In the present study, the nuclear factor of activated T cells isoform 4 (NFAT3/c4) was found to play a vital role in excitotoxic hippocampus cell apoptosis induced by radiation. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received 20 Gy WBI, after which we detected NFAT3/c4-mediated excitotoxicity. We found that radiation caused hippocampus excitotoxicity, resulting from overactivation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and always accompanied by subsequent elevation of the intracellular calcium level and activation of calcineurin (CaN). P-NFAT3/c4 was the principal downstream target of CaN, including regulation of its nuclear translocation as well as transcriptional activities. Radiation recruited NMDAR/NFAT3/c4 activation and subsequent Bax induction in hippocampus cells. Once treated with the NFAT3/c4 inhibitor 11R-VIVIT peptide pre-irradiation, hippocampal proliferation and neuron survival (dentate gyrus cells in particular) were protected from radiation-induced injury, resulting in inhibition of the apoptosis marker Bax. Our principal aim was to illuminate the role of NFAT3/c4-mediated excitotoxicity in hippocampal apoptosis during radiation-induced brain injury. This study is the first time that radiation-induced activation of NFAT3/c4 has been recorded, and our results suggest that NFAT3/c4 may be a novel target for prevention and treatment of radiation-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Qiuhong Fan
- Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University
| | - Junjun Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Ruizhe Xu
- Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University
| | - Liesong Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Peifeng Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China. Tel.: +86-512-6778-3430; Fax: +86-512-6828-4303; E-mail:
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22
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Ivanov VN, Wu J, Hei TK. Regulation of human glioblastoma cell death by combined treatment of cannabidiol, γ-radiation and small molecule inhibitors of cell signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74068-74095. [PMID: 29088769 PMCID: PMC5650324 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. The challenging problem in cancer treatment is to find a way to upregulate radiosensitivity of GBM while protecting neurons and neural stem/progenitor cells in the brain. The goal of the present study was upregulation of the cytotoxic effect of γ-irradiation in GBM by non-psychotropic and non-toxic cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD). We emphasized three main aspects of signaling mechanisms induced by CBD treatment (alone or in combination with γ-irradiation) in human GBM that govern cell death: 1) CBD significantly upregulated the active (phosphorylated) JNK1/2 and MAPK p38 levels with the subsequent downregulation of the active phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-AKT1 levels. MAPK p38 was one of the main drivers of CBD-induced cell death, while death levels after combined treatment of CBD and radiation were dependent on both MAPK p38 and JNK. Both MAPK p38 and JNK regulate the endogenous TRAIL expression. 2) NF-κB p65-P(Ser536) was not the main target of CBD treatment and this transcription factor was found at high levels in CBD-treated GBM cells. Additional suppression of p65-P(Ser536) levels using specific small molecule inhibitors significantly increased CBD-induced apoptosis. 3) CBD treatment substantially upregulated TNF/TNFR1 and TRAIL/TRAIL-R2 signaling by modulation of both ligand and receptor levels followed by apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that radiation-induced death in GBM could be enhanced by CBD-mediated signaling in concert with its marginal effects for neural stem/progenitor cells and astrocytes. It will allow selecting efficient targets for sensitization of GBM and overcoming cancer therapy-induced severe adverse sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Ivanov
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tom K Hei
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Liu JX, Zhang ZC, Shao ZW, Pu FF, Wang BC, Zhang YK, Zeng XL, Guo XD, Yang SH, He TC. TRAIL-R1 as a novel surface marker for circulating giant cell tumor of bone. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50724-50730. [PMID: 28881598 PMCID: PMC5584197 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT), which frequently occurs in the patients’ spine, is relatively prevalent in Chinese population. A group of GCT invades into vessels and appears to be circulating tumor cells (CTCs) responsible for the distal metastasis of the primary tumor. So far the cell surface markers of GCT have not been determined. In the current study, we aimed to identify a novel CTC marker with higher specificity in GCT. TRAIL-R1+ cells were purified from GCT cell lines. The TRAIL-R1+ cells were compared with total GCT cells for tumor sphere formation, chemo-resistance, tumor formation in nude mice, and frequency of developing distal metastases. We found that TRAIL-R1+ GCT cells appeared to be highly enriched for CTCs in GCT. Compared to total GCT cells, TRAIL-R1+ GCT cells generated significantly more tumor spheres in culture, were higher chemo-resistant, and had a higher frequency of being detected in the circulation after subcutaneous transplantation as well as development of distal metastases. Thus, we conclude that TRAIL-R1+ may be a novel CTC marker in GCT. Selective elimination of TRAIL-R1+ GCT cells may improve the current GCT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhi-Cai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zeng-Wu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fei-Fei Pu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bai-Chuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu-Kun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xian-Lin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shu-Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago 60637, IL, USA
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Meng Q, Wu W, Pei T, Li L, Tang X, Sun H. Novel markers for circulating tumor stem cells in colorectal carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4233-4241. [PMID: 27830007 PMCID: PMC5095316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Some colorectal carcinoma (CRC) invades into vessels and has distal metastasis, largely attributable to the dissemination of tumor cells into circulation as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Moreover, cancer stem cells (CSCs) within CTCs, which are termed as circulating tumor stem-like cells (CTSCs), are critical for formation of distal metastatic tumors. Although different cell surface markers have been used to characterize and isolate CTCs or CSCs in CRC, no good marker has been identified so far for CTSCs. Here, we show evidence that CD262+ CRC cells appeared to be highly enriched for CTSCs in CRC. CD262+ CRC cells formed more tumor spheres in culture, exhibited higher chemo-resistance, had higher ratio of developing tumors after serial adoptive transplantation in nude mice, and had higher frequency of developing distal metastatic tumor, compared to traditional CD133+ or CD44+ CRC cells. Moreover, tumor cells were significantly more frequently detected in the circulation when CD262+ CRC cells were subcutaneously transplanted. Finally, we detected high CD262 levels in the stage IV CRC specimens, which were associated with poor prognosis of the patients. Together, these data suggest CD262+ may be a novel CTSC markers and selective elimination of CD262+ CRC cells may substantially improve the current CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Clinical Medical School of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Medical School of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Tiemin Pei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Clinical Medical School of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Clinical Medical School of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Clinical Medical School of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Haobo Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Clinical Medical School of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
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Sharma N, Colangelo NW, de Toledo SM, Azzam EI. Diffusible Factors Secreted by Glioblastoma and Medulloblastoma Cells Induce Oxidative Stress in Bystander Neural Stem Progenitors. ASN Neuro 2016; 8:8/4/1759091416662808. [PMID: 27511909 PMCID: PMC4984487 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416662808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful effects that alter the homeostasis of neural stem or progenitor cells (NSPs) can affect regenerative processes in the central nervous system. We investigated the effect of soluble factors secreted by control or 137Cs-γ-irradiated glioblastoma or medulloblastoma cells on redox-modulated endpoints in recipient human NSPs. Growth medium harvested from the nonirradiated brain tumor cells, following 24 h of growth, induced prominent oxidative stress in recipient NSPs as judged by overall increases in mitochondrial superoxide radical levels (p < .001), activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase, and decrease in the active form of FoxO3a. The induced oxidative stress was associated with phosphorylation of p53 on serine 15, a marker of DNA damage, induction of the cyclin-cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21Waf1 and p27Kip1, and perturbations in cell cycle progression (p < .001). These changes were also associated with increased apoptosis as determined by enhanced annexin V staining (p < .001) and caspase 8 activation (p < .05) and altered expression of critical regulators of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. Exposure of the tumor cells to radiation only slightly altered the induced oxidative changes in the bystander NSPs, except for medium from irradiated medulloblastoma cells that was more potent at inducing apoptosis in the NSPs than medium from nonirradiated cells (p < .001). The elucidation of such stressful bystander effects provides avenues to understand the biochemical events underlying the development or exacerbation of degenerative outcomes associated with brain cancers. It is also relevant to tissue culture protocols whereby growth medium conditioned by tumor cells is often used to support the growth of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas W Colangelo
- Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Sonia M de Toledo
- Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Edouard I Azzam
- Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
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Stress-induced bystander signaling as a possible factor contributing to neuronal excitability and seizure generation/epileptogenesis. Med Hypotheses 2016; 90:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Regulation of viability, differentiation and death of human melanoma cells carrying neural stem cell biomarkers: a possibility for neural trans-differentiation. Apoptosis 2016; 20:996-1015. [PMID: 25953317 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, melanoblasts, the precursors of melanocytes, emerge from a subpopulation of the neural crest stem cells and migrate to colonize skin. Melanomas arise during melanoblast differentiation into melanocytes and from young proliferating melanocytes through somatic mutagenesis and epigenetic regulations. In the present study, we used several human melanoma cell lines from the sequential phases of melanoma development (radial growth phase, vertical growth phase and metastatic phase) to compare: (i) the frequency and efficiency of the induction of cell death via apoptosis and necroptosis; (ii) the presence of neural and cancer stem cell biomarkers as well as death receptors, DR5 and FAS, in both adherent and spheroid cultures of melanoma cells; (iii) anti-apoptotic effects of the endogenous production of cytokines and (iv) the ability of melanoma cells to perform neural trans-differentiation. We demonstrated that programed necrosis or necroptosis, could be induced in two metastatic melanoma lines, FEMX and OM431, while the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was prevalent in a vast majority of melanoma lines. All melanoma lines used in the current study expressed substantial levels of pluripotency markers, SOX2 and NANOG. There was a trend for increasing expression of Nestin, an early neuroprogenitor marker, during melanoma progression. Most of the melanoma lines, including WM35, FEMX and A375, can grow as a spheroid culture in serum-free media with supplements. It was possible to induce neural trans-differentiation of 1205Lu and OM431 melanoma cells in serum-free media supplemented with insulin. This was confirmed by the expression of neuronal markers, doublecortin and β3-Tubulin, by significant growth of neurites and by the negative regulation of this process by a dominant-negative Rac1N17. These results suggest a relative plasticity of differentiated melanoma cells and a possibility for their neural trans-differentiation without the necessity for preliminary dedifferentiation.
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Tong F, Zhang J, Liu L, Gao X, Cai Q, Wei C, Dong J, Hu Y, Wu G, Dong X. Corilagin Attenuates Radiation-Induced Brain Injury in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6982-6996. [PMID: 26666668 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cranial irradiation-induced inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI). Anti-inflammation treatment may provide therapeutic benefits. Corilagin (beta-1-O-galloyl-3, 6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-D-glucose, C27H22O18) was a novel member of the tannin family with anti-inflammatory properties and is isolated from some medicinal plants, such as Phyllanthus amarus and Caesalpinia coriaria. In this study, the effect of Corilagin on RIBI was investigated and the underlying mechanisms were explored. Spatial learning and memory ability of mice were investigated by the Morris water maze test. Evans blue leakage and electron microscopy were used to assess the integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB). The mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, were measured by using real-time PCR and Western blotting. The activation of microglial cells and expression of TNF-α were examined by immunofluorescence staining. Phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and IκBα, and the translocation of p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus were detected by using Western blotting. Morris water maze test showed that Corilagin ameliorated the neurocognitive deficits in RIBI mice. Evans blue leakage and electron microscopy exhibited that Corilagin partially protected the BBB integrity from cranial irradiation-caused damage; immunofluorescence staining showed that Corilagin could inhibit microglial activation and TNF-α expression. Real-time PCR and Western blotting revealed that Corilagin downregulated the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β and inhibited the irradiation-induced activation of NF-κB pathways by upregulating p-STAT3 expression. In conclusion, Corilagin could attenuate RIBI through inhibiting microglial activation and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines. Corilagin might inhibit the activation of NF-κB pathway in a STAT3-associated manner, thereby downregulating the inflammatory cytokine expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xican Gao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cai
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Wei
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Dong
- Experimental Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaorong Dong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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Zakhvataev VE. Possible scenarios of the influence of low-dose ionizing radiation on neural functioning. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:723-35. [PMID: 26526727 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Possible scenarios of the influence of ionizing radiation on neural functioning and the CNS are suggested. We argue that the radiation-induced bystander mechanisms associated with Ca(2+) flows, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, and cytokines might lead to modulation of certain neuronal signaling pathways. The considered scenarios of conjugation of the bystander signaling and the neuronal signaling might result in modulation of certain synaptic receptors, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, channel conductance, synaptic signaling, different forms of neural plasticity, memory formation and storage, and learning. On this basis, corresponding new possible strategies for treating neurodegenerative deceases and mental disorders are proposed. The mechanisms considered might also be associated with neuronal survival and relevant to the treatment for brain injuries. At the same time, these mechanisms might be associated with detrimental effects and might facilitate the development of some neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E Zakhvataev
- Neuroinformatics Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Biological Action of Low-Intensity Factors, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
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Radiation-induced glioblastoma signaling cascade regulates viability, apoptosis and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSC). Apoptosis 2015; 19:1736-54. [PMID: 25273222 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy is the main treatment modality for brain tumors including glioblastoma. Adult neurons and astrocytes demonstrate substantial radioresistance; in contrast, human neural stem cells (NSC) are highly sensitive to radiation via induction of apoptosis. Irradiation of tumor cells has the potential risk of affecting the viability and function of NSC. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of irradiated glioblastoma cells on viability, proliferation and differentiation potential of non-irradiated (bystander) NSC through radiation-induced signaling cascades. Using media transfer experiments, we demonstrated significant effects of the U87MG glioblastoma secretome after gamma-irradiation on apoptosis in non-irradiated NSC. Addition of anti-TRAIL antibody to the transferred media partially suppressed apoptosis in NSC. Furthermore, we observed a dramatic increase in the production and secretion of IL8, TGFβ1 and IL6 by irradiated glioblastoma cells, which could promote glioblastoma cell survival and modify the effects of death factors in bystander NSC. While differentiation of NSC into neurons and astrocytes occurred efficiently with the corresponding differentiation media, pretreatment of NSC for 8 h with medium from irradiated glioblastoma cells selectively suppressed the differentiation of NSC into neurons, but not into astrocytes. Exogenous IL8 and TGFβ1 increased NSC/NPC survival, but also suppressed neuronal differentiation. On the other hand, IL6 was known to positively affect survival and differentiation of astrocyte progenitors. We established a U87MG neurosphere culture that was substantially enriched by SOX2(+) and CD133(+) glioma stem-like cells (GSC). Gamma-irradiation up-regulated apoptotic death in GSC via the FasL/Fas pathway. Media transfer experiments from irradiated GSC to non-targeted NSC again demonstrated induction of apoptosis and suppression of neuronal differentiation of NSC. In summary, intercellular communication between glioblastoma cells and bystander NSC/NPC could be involved in the amplification of cancer pathology in the brain.
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Isono M, Yoshida Y, Takahashi A, Oike T, Shibata A, Kubota Y, Kanai T, Ohno T, Nakano T. Carbon-ion beams effectively induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in human neural stem cells compared with glioblastoma A172 cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:856-61. [PMID: 26070322 PMCID: PMC4577002 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) holds promise in the treatment of glioblastoma, an aggressive X-ray-resistant brain tumor. However, since glioblastoma cells show a highly invasive nature, carbon-ion (C-ion) irradiation of normal tissues surrounding the tumor is inevitable. Recent studies have revealed the existence of neural stem cells in the adult brain. Therefore, the damaging effect of C-ion beams on the neural stem cells has to be carefully considered in the treatment planning of CIRT. Here, we investigated the growth and death mode of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) and glioblastoma A172 cells after X-ray or C-ion beam irradiation. The X-ray dose resulting in a 50% growth rate (D(50)) was 0.8 Gy in hNSCs and 3.0 Gy in A172 cells, while the D(50) for C-ion beams was 0.4 Gy in hNSCs and 1.6 Gy in A172 cells; the relative biological effectiveness value of C-ion beams was 2.0 in hNSCs and 1.9 in A172 cells. Importantly, both X-rays and C-ion beams preferentially induced apoptosis, not necrosis, in hNSCs; however, radiation-induced apoptosis was less evident in A172 cells. The apoptosis-susceptible nature of the irradiated hNSCs was associated with prolonged upregulation of phosphorylated p53, whereas the apoptosis-resistant nature of A172 cells was associated with a high basal level of nuclear factor kappa B expression. Taken together, these data indicate that apoptosis is the major cell death pathway in hNSCs after irradiation. The high sensitivity of hNSCs to C-ion beams underscores the importance of careful target volume delineation in the treatment planning of CIRT for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Isono
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kubota
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Kanai
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Wang TJC, Wu CC, Chai Y, Lam RKK, Hamada N, Kakinuma S, Uchihori Y, Yu PKN, Hei TK. Induction of Non-Targeted Stress Responses in Mammary Tissues by Heavy Ions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136307. [PMID: 26317641 PMCID: PMC4552651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Side effects related to radiation exposures are based primarily on the assumption that the detrimental effects of radiation occur in directly irradiated cells. However, several studies have reported over the years of radiation-induced non-targeted/ abscopal effects in vivo that challenge this paradigm. There is evidence that Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) plays an important role in modulating non-targeted effects, including DNA damages in vitro and mutagenesis in vivo. While most reports on radiation-induced non-targeted response utilize x-rays, there is little information available for heavy ions. Methods and Materials Adult female transgenic gpt delta mice were exposed to an equitoxic dose of either carbon or argon particles using the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) in Japan. The mice were stratified into 4 groups of 5 animals each: Control; animals irradiated under full shielding (Sham-irradiated); animals receiving whole body irradiation (WBIR); and animals receiving partial body irradiation (PBIR) to the lower abdomen with a 1 x 1 cm2 field. The doses used in the carbon ion group (4.5 Gy) and in argon particle group (1.5 Gy) have a relative biological effectiveness equivalent to a 5 Gy dose of x-rays. 24 hours after irradiation, breast tissues in and out of the irradiated field were harvested for analysis. Induction of COX2, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX), and apoptosis-related cysteine protease-3 (Caspase-3) antibodies were examined in the four categories of breast tissues using immunohistochemical techniques. Analysis was performed by measuring the intensity of more than 20 individual microscopic fields and comparing the relative fold difference. Results In the carbon ion group, the relative fold increase in COX2 expression was 1.01 in sham-irradiated group (p > 0.05), 3.07 in PBIR (p < 0.05) and 2.50 in WBIR (p < 0.05), respectively, when compared with controls. The relative fold increase in 8-OHdG expression was 1.29 in sham-irradiated (p > 0.05), 11.31 in PBIR (p < 0.05) and 11.79 in WBIR (p < 0.05), respectively, when compared with controls. A similar increase in γ-H2AX expression was found in that, compared to controls, the increase was 1.41 fold in sham-irradiated (p > 0.05), 8.41 in PBIR (p < 0.05) and 10.59 in WBIR (p < 0.05). Results for the argon particle therapy group showed a similar magnitude of changes in the various biological endpoints examined. There was no statistical significance observed in Caspase-3 expression among the 4 groups. Conclusions Our data show that both carbon and argon ions induced non-targeted, out of field induction of COX2 and DNA damages in breast tissues. These effects may pose new challenges to evaluate the risks associated with radiation exposure and understanding radiation-induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J C Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Chia Wu
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yunfei Chai
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Roy K K Lam
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan; Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yukio Uchihori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Peter K N Yu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tom K Hei
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
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Zhitao J, Long L, Jia L, Yunchao B, Anhua W. Temozolomide sensitizes stem-like cells of glioma spheres to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via upregulation of casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) protein. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9621-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Chen H, Goodus MT, de Toledo SM, Azzam EI, Levison SW, Souayah N. Ionizing Radiation Perturbs Cell Cycle Progression of Neural Precursors in the Subventricular Zone Without Affecting Their Long-Term Self-Renewal. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:7/3/1759091415578026. [PMID: 26056396 PMCID: PMC4461572 DOI: 10.1177/1759091415578026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to normal human brain cells from exposure to ionizing radiation may occur during the course of radiotherapy or from accidental exposure. Delayed effects may complicate the immediate effects resulting in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. We examined cellular and molecular changes associated with exposure of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPs) to 137Cs γ-ray doses in the range of 0 to 8 Gy. Subventricular zone NSPs isolated from newborn mouse pups were analyzed for proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation, shortly after irradiation. Strikingly, there was no apparent increase in the fraction of dying cells after irradiation, and the number of single cells that formed neurospheres showed no significant change from control. Upon differentiation, irradiated neural precursors did not differ in their ability to generate neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. By contrast, progression of NSPs through the cell cycle decreased dramatically after exposure to 8 Gy (p < .001). Mice at postnatal day 10 were exposed to 8 Gy of γ rays delivered to the whole body and NSPs of the subventricular zone were analyzed using a four-color flow cytometry panel combined with ethynyl deoxyuridine incorporation. Similar flow cytometric analyses were performed on NSPs cultured as neurospheres. These studies revealed that neither the percentage of neural stem cells nor their proliferation was affected. By contrast, γ-irradiation decreased the proliferation of two classes of multipotent cells and increased the proliferation of a specific glial-restricted precursor. Altogether, these results support the conclusion that primitive neural precursors are radioresistant, but their proliferation is slowed down as a consequence of γ-ray exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew T Goodus
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sonia M de Toledo
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Edouard I Azzam
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Steven W Levison
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nizar Souayah
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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O'Leary L, van der Sloot AM, Reis CR, Deegan S, Ryan AE, Dhami SPS, Murillo LS, Cool RH, Correa de Sampaio P, Thompson K, Murphy G, Quax WJ, Serrano L, Samali A, Szegezdi E. Decoy receptors block TRAIL sensitivity at a supracellular level: the role of stromal cells in controlling tumour TRAIL sensitivity. Oncogene 2015; 35:1261-70. [PMID: 26050621 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a death ligand cytokine known for its cytotoxic activity against malignantly transformed cells. TRAIL induces cell death through binding to death receptors DR4 and DR5. The inhibitory decoy receptors (DcR1 and DcR2) co-expressed with death receptor 4 (DR4)/DR5 on the same cell can block the transmission of the apoptotic signal. Here, we show that DcRs also regulate TRAIL sensitivity at a supracellular level and thus represent a mechanism by which the microenvironment can diminish tumour TRAIL sensitivity. Mathematical modelling and layered or spheroid stroma-extracellular matrix-tumour cultures were used to model the tumour microenvironment. By engineering TRAIL to escape binding by DcRs, we found that DcRs do not only act in a cell-autonomous or cis-regulatory manner, but also exert trans-cellular regulation originating from stromal cells and affect tumour cells, highlighting the potent inhibitory effect of DcRs in the tumour tissue and the necessity of selective targeting of the two death-inducing TRAIL receptors to maximise efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O'Leary
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - A M van der Sloot
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, 2950, Chemin de Polytechnique Pavillon Marcelle-Coutu, Dock 20, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - C R Reis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Deegan
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - A E Ryan
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - S P S Dhami
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - L S Murillo
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - R H Cool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Correa de Sampaio
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Thompson
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - G Murphy
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - W J Quax
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Serrano
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - E Szegezdi
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Zhang L, Li K, Sun R, Zhang Y, Ji J, Huang P, Yang H, Tian Y. Minocycline ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by whole-brain irradiation: an animal study. Radiat Oncol 2014; 9:281. [PMID: 25498371 PMCID: PMC4271325 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-014-0281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been long recognized that cranial irradiation used for the treatment of primary and metastatic brain tumor often causes neurological side-effects such as intellectual impairment, memory loss and dementia, especially in children patients. Our previous study has demonstrated that whole-brain irradiation (WBI) can cause cognitive decline in rats. Minocycline is an antibiotic that has shown neuroprotective properties in a variety of experimental models of neurological diseases. However, whether minocycline can ameliorate cognitive impairment induced by ionizing radiation (IR) has not been tested. Thus this study aimed to demonstrate the potential implication of minocycline in the treatment of WBI-induced cognitive deficits by using a rat model. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were cranial irradiated with electron beams delivered by a linear accelerator with a single dose of 20 Gy. Minocycline was administered via oral gavages directly into the stomach before and after irradiation. The open field test was used to assess the anxiety level of rats. The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess the spatial learning and memory of rats. The level of apoptosis in hippocampal neurons was measured using immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 and relative markers for mature neurons (NeuN) or for newborn neurons (Doublecortin (DCX)). Neurogenesis was determined by BrdU incorporation method. Results Neither WBI nor minocycline affected the locomotor activity and anxiety level of rats. However, compared with the sham-irradiated controls, WBI caused a significant loss of learning and memory manifest as longer latency to reach the hidden platform in the MWM task. Minocycline intervention significantly improved the memory retention of irradiated rats. Although minocycline did not rescue neurogenesis deficit caused by WBI 2 months post-IR, it did significantly decreased WBI-induced apoptosis in the DCX positive neurons, thereby resulting in less newborn neuron depletion 12 h after irradiation. Conclusions Minocycline significantly inhibits WBI-induced neuron apoptosis, leading to less newborn neurons loss shortly after irradiation. In the long run, minocycline improves the cognitive performance of rats post WBI. The results indicate a potential clinical implication of minocycline as an effective adjunct in radiotherapy for brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, PR China.
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, 271000, PR China.
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China.
| | - JianFeng Ji
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China.
| | - Peigeng Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Hongying Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, PR China. .,School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, PR China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, PR China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, PR China.
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Wu J, Wang W, Shao Q, Xiao G, Cheng J, Yuan Y, Zhang M. Irradiation facilitates the inhibitory effect of the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor NVP-BEP800 on the proliferation of malignant glioblastoma cells through attenuation of the upregulation of heat shock protein 70. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:893-898. [PMID: 25120620 PMCID: PMC4113540 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of NVP-BEP800, a novel heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 inhibitor of the 2-aminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine class, in combination with radiation on glioblastoma cells. T98G human glioblastoma cells were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), NVP-BEP800, NVP-BEP800 in combination with X-ray irradiation (10 Gy, 20 min), or X-ray irradiation only, and cultured for 40 h. Cell viability was measured upon completion of the treatments. In addition, apoptosis was measured and immunoblot analysis was performed to analyze the expression levels of cellular protein inhibitory κB kinase β (IKKβ). The combined treatment with NVP-BEP800 and X-ray irradiation resulted in the synergistic destruction of malignant cells. Furthermore, NVP-BEP800 significantly induced apoptosis in the human glioblastoma cells. The immunoblot analysis data indicated that NVP-BEP800 markedly reduced the expression level of IKKβ. The results also revealed that X-ray irradiation significantly attenuated the increase in the level of Hsp70 in cells treated with NVP-BEP800. Since elevated levels of Hsp70 are associated with drug resistance induced by Hsp90 inhibitors, the effects of X-ray irradiation on Hsp70 levels may be associated with the enhanced effect on cells of the presence of irradiation. The results of the current study suggest that irradiation enhances the inhibitory effect of NVP-BEP800 on the proliferation of malignant glioblastoma cells by downregulating the expression level of cellular signaling protein IKKβ and attenuating the upregulation of Hsp70 that is induced by NVP-BEP800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyue Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Qin Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Guomin Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
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