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Choudhary HB, Mandlik SK, Mandlik DS. Role of p53 suppression in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2023; 14:46-70. [PMID: 37304923 PMCID: PMC10251250 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v14.i3.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the world, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the top 10 most prevalent malignancies. HCC formation has indeed been linked to numerous etiological factors, including alcohol usage, hepatitis viruses and liver cirrhosis. Among the most prevalent defects in a wide range of tumours, notably HCC, is the silencing of the p53 tumour suppressor gene. The control of the cell cycle and the preservation of gene function are both critically important functions of p53. In order to pinpoint the core mechanisms of HCC and find more efficient treatments, molecular research employing HCC tissues has been the main focus. Stimulated p53 triggers necessary reactions that achieve cell cycle arrest, genetic stability, DNA repair and the elimination of DNA-damaged cells’ responses to biological stressors (like oncogenes or DNA damage). To the contrary hand, the oncogene protein of the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a significant biological inhibitor of p53. MDM2 causes p53 protein degradation, which in turn adversely controls p53 function. Despite carrying wt-p53, the majority of HCCs show abnormalities in the p53-expressed apoptotic pathway. High p53 in-vivo expression might have two clinical impacts on HCC: (1) Increased levels of exogenous p53 protein cause tumour cells to undergo apoptosis by preventing cell growth through a number of biological pathways; and (2) Exogenous p53 makes HCC susceptible to various anticancer drugs. This review describes the functions and primary mechanisms of p53 in pathological mechanism, chemoresistance and therapeutic mechanisms of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena B Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, BVDU, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, BVDU, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepa S Mandlik
- Department of Pharmacology, BVDU, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
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Peng L, Liu D, Liu H, Xia M, Wan L, Li M, Zhao J, Tang C, Chen G, Qu X, Dong Z, Liu H. Bombesin receptor-activated protein exacerbates cisplatin-induced AKI by regulating the degradation of SIRT2. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:2366-2385. [PMID: 35488871 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a public health problem with no specific therapies in the clinic and the underlying pathogenesis of AKI remains obscure. Bombesin receptor-activated protein (BRAP, C6ORF89 protein) was initially discovered as a ligand for a previously orphan G-protein-coupled receptor bombesin-like receptor-3. At present, accepted biological effects of BRAP include cell cycle progression, wound repair and the activation of histone deacetylases. However, its role in kidney disease is unknown. In this study we have investigated the role of BRAP and underlying mechanisms involved in cisplatin (CP)-induced AKI. METHODS Here we used Bc004004 (homologous of C6ORF89 in mice) knockout mice and HK2 cells to investigate the effect of BRAP on AKI in vitro and in vivo. We analyzed ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq data to search for the upstream regulators of BRAP and downstream mediators of BRAP action in AKI. Immunostaining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), co-immunoprecipitation, a dual-luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-PCR assay were applied to reveal the upstream and downstream regulation mechanism of BRAP during cisplatin-induced AKI. RESULTS BRAP was downregulated in mice and human kidneys with AKI. Global Bc004004 deletion alleviated tubular cell apoptosis and necroptosis in CP-induced AKI mice, whereas local overexpression of BRAP in kidneys aggravated them. Pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD pretreatment attenuated CP-induced blood creatinine increase and kidney injury in wild-type mice but not in BRAP -/- mice. The activation of mixed lineage kinase like-domain was magnified by Z-VAD in CP-treated mice, especially in BRAP -/- mice. The cytoprotective effect of Z-VAD was more substantial than necrostatin-1 (Nec-1, an inhibitor of necroptosis) in CP-treated human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK2) cells. Furthermore, Nec-1 pretreatment reduced the CP-induced cell death in BRAP overexpression HK2 cells but did not work in cells with normal BRAP levels. We determined that CP treatment activated the nuclear factor-κB subunit P65 and inhibition of P65 increased the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of BRAP in HK2 cells. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay verified P65 binding to the C6ORF89 promoter and reduced its mRNA expression upon CP treatment. Next we found that sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) was downregulated in CP-induced AKI and BRAP levels directly impacted the protein levels of SIRT2. Our findings further confirmed that BRAP regulates the SIRT2 protein levels by affecting SIRT2's interactions with E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1 and subsequent proteasomal degradation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that BRAP played an important role in tubular cell apoptosis and necroptosis during CP-induced AKI. Safe and efficient BRAP inhibitors might be effective therapeutic options for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lili Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junyong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangpin Qu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Programmed cell death 5 improves skeletal muscle insulin resistance by inhibiting IRS-1 ubiquitination through stabilization of MDM2. Life Sci 2021; 285:119918. [PMID: 34480939 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Insulin resistance is defined as the decreased sensitivity of tissues and organs to insulin and it is the main pathological basis of metabolic syndrome. PDCD5 is widely expressed in tissues including skeletal muscle and liver, but its exact function and the role in insulin resistance has not been studied. The present study is to explore the effect of PDCD5 on insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, the largest target organ of insulin, and its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were fed with high-fat diet to establish obesity model. C2C12 myoblasts differentiated into myotubes and then were treated with palmitate to induce insulin resistance. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments were performed by infecting C2C12 with adenovirus containing PDCD5 cDNA or PDCD5 shRNA. KEY FINDINGS PDCD5 protein was first increased and then decreased in the skeletal muscle from high-fat diet induced obese mice and consistently in palmitate induced insulin resistance C2C12 myotubes. Overexpression of PDCD5 in C2C12 cells did not affect the sensitivity to insulin but inhibited the palmitate induced insulin resistance, while knockdown of PDCD5 aggravated the insulin resistance. Mechanistically, PDCD5 interacted with ubiquitin ligase MDM2; overexpression of PDCD5 decreased MDM2 protein level, inhibited the increased interaction of MDM2 with IRS-1 and the degradation of IRS-1 by palmitate stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE PDCD5 is upregulated during the early stage of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. The increased PDCD5 inhibits IRS-1 ubiquitination, increases the stability of IRS-1 by interacting with and degrading MDM2, thus providing a protective effect on insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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Zhou L, Huang JY, Zhang D, Zhao YL. Cognitive improvements and reduction in amyloid plaque deposition by saikosaponin D treatment in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1082-1090. [PMID: 32742347 PMCID: PMC7388258 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a severe neurodegenerative disease that currently lacks an optimally effective therapeutic agent for its management. Saikosaponin D (SSD) is a component extracted from the herb Bupleurum falcatum that is commonly used in Chinese medicine. Although SSD has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects, its pharmacological role in AD has not been previously elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether SSD treatment improves the cognitive function and pathological features of 3xTg mice, a triple-transgenic mouse model of AD that displays classical pathological features of AD. The effects of SSD treatment on the behavioral, histological and physiological features of the animal were quantified. Results from the behavioral experiments on the SSD-treated 3xTg mice identified a significant reduction in memory impairment. In addition, histological staining results indicated that SSD application could preserve the morphology of neurons, reduce apoptosis and significantly inhibit amyloid-β deposition in the hippocampus of 3xTg mice. SSD treatment also decelerated the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus of 3xTg mice, possibly via the inhibition of the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. Therefore, the present study demonstrated the protective effects of SSD against progressive neurodegeneration and identified the potential underlying pharmacological mechanism. It was speculated that SSD may serve as a possible therapeutic agent in AD treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Health Management Center, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yuan Huang
- Health Management Center, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Health Management Center, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Liang Zhao
- Health Management Center, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
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Ma Z, Guo D, Wang Q, Liu P, Xiao Y, Wu P, Wang Y, Chen B, Liu Z, Liu Q. Lgr5-mediated p53 Repression through PDCD5 leads to doxorubicin resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2967-2983. [PMID: 31244936 PMCID: PMC6568175 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The devastating prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is partially attributed to chemotherapy resistance. Accumulating evidence suggests that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key driving force of carcinoma metastasis and chemoresistance in solid tumors. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), as an EMT inducer, is involved in the potentiation of Wnt signaling in HCC. This study proposes uncovering the roles of Lgr5 in Doxorubicin (Dox) resistance of HCC to improve treatment efficacy for HCC. Methods: We investigated the expression and significance of Lgr5 in HCC tissue and different cell lines. The effect of Lgr5 in EMT and Dox resistance was analyzed in HCC cells and implanted HCC tumor models. A two-hybrid analysis, using the Lgr5 gene as the bait and a HCC cDNA library, was used to screen targeted proteins that interact with Lgr5. The positive clones were identified by coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down. The impact of the interaction on Dox resistance was investigated by a series of assays in vitro and in vivo . Result: We found that Lgr5 was upregulated and positively correlated with poor prognosis in HCC. Additionally, it functioned as a tumor promoter to increase cell migration and induce EMT in HCC cells and increase the resistance to Dox. We identified programmed cell death protein 5 (PDCD5) as a target gene of Lgr5 and we found that PDCD5 was responsible for Lgr5-mediated Dox resistance. Further analysis with Co-IP and GST pull-down assays showed that the N-terminal extracellular domain of Lgr5 could directly bind to PDCD5. Lgr5 induced p53 degradation by blocking the nuclear translocation of PDCD5 and leading to the loss of p53 stabilization. Lgr5 showed a protection against the inhibition of Dox on the growth of tumor subcutaneously injected. Moreover, Lgr5 suppressed Dox-induced apoptosis via the p53 pathway and attenuated the cytotoxicity of Dox to HCC. Conclusion: Lgr5 induces the EMT and inhibits apoptosis, thus promoting chemoresistance by regulating the PDCD5/p53 signaling axis. Furthermore, Lgr5 may be a potential target gene for overcoming Dox resistance.
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Hao S, Yan Y, Huang W, Gai F, Wang J, Liu L, Wang C. C-phycocyanin reduces inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activity through downregulating PDCD5 in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Perga S, Martire S, Montarolo F, Giordani I, Spadaro M, Bono G, Corvisieri S, Messuti I, Panzica G, Orlandi F, Bertolotto A. The Footprints of Poly-Autoimmunity: Evidence for Common Biological Factors Involved in Multiple Sclerosis and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29527211 PMCID: PMC5829620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of chronic disorders and affect a multitude of organs and systems. However, the existence of common pathophysiological mechanisms is hypothesized and reports of shared risk are emerging as well. In this regard, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been shown to have an increased susceptibility to develop chronic autoimmune thyroid diseases, in particular Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), suggesting an autoimmune predisposition. However, studies comparing such different pathologies of autoimmune origin are still missing till date. In the present study, we sought to investigate mechanisms which may lead to the frequent coexistence of MS and HT by analyzing several factors related to the pathogenesis of MS and HT in patients affected by one or both diseases, as well as in healthy donors. In particular, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene-expression levels of common candidate genes such as TNFAIP3, NR4A family, BACH2, FOXP3, and PDCD5, in addition to the regulatory T cell (Treg) percentage and the 25-hydroxy vitamin D serum levels. Our findings support the plausibility of the existence of common deregulated mechanisms shared by MS and HT, such as BACH2/PDCD5-FOXP3 pathways and Tregs. Although the biological implications of these data need to be further investigated, we have highlighted the relevance of studies comparing different autoimmune pathologies for the understanding of the core concepts of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Perga
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Regional Reference Centre for Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Serena Martire
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Regional Reference Centre for Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Montarolo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Regional Reference Centre for Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giordani
- SCDU Endocrinology and Metabolism, Humanitas Gradenigo Hospital, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michela Spadaro
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Regional Reference Centre for Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bono
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Regional Reference Centre for Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Corvisieri
- SCDU Endocrinology and Metabolism, Humanitas Gradenigo Hospital, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Messuti
- SCDU Endocrinology and Metabolism, Humanitas Gradenigo Hospital, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Panzica
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Orlandi
- SCDU Endocrinology and Metabolism, Humanitas Gradenigo Hospital, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Bertolotto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Regional Reference Centre for Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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Li P, Fei H, Wang L, Xu H, Zhang H, Zheng L. PDCD5 regulates cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1177-1183. [PMID: 29403562 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PDCD)5 is cloned from human leukemia cell line TF-1. PDCD5 is one of the members of the programmed cell death protein family that is frequently involved in tumor growth and apoptosis. To investigate the molecular and cellular functions of PDCD5, the present study established a PDCD5 stably overexpressing A431 cell line and examined the role of PDCD5 in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. The data demonstrated that overexpression of PDCD5 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis in A431 cells. The expression profiles of certain key regulators of these cellular events were further investigated, including P53, B cell lymphoma (BCL)-2, BCL-2 associated X protein (BAX) and caspase (CASP)3. The data demonstrated that at the transcript and protein levels, P53, BAX and CASP3 were all upregulated in the PDCD5 stably overexpressing A431 cells whereas BCL-2 was downregulated, indicating that PDCD5 acts as an important upstream regulator of P53, BCL-2, BAX and CASP3. The data suggest that PDCD5 regulates cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis in A431 cells. PDCD5 may be a novel tumor suppressor gene, and may be potentially used for cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Li
- Department of Biogenetics, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Fei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Immunology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Huiyu Xu
- Department of Immunology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Zheng
- Department of Biogenetics, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
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Prognostic value of a 25-gene assay in patients with gastric cancer after curative resection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7515. [PMID: 28790411 PMCID: PMC5548732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and validate a practical, reliable assay for prognosis and chemotherapy benefit prediction compared with conventional staging in Gastric cancer (GC). Twenty-three candidate genes with significant correlation between quantitative hybridization and microarray results plus 2 reference genes were selected to form a 25-gene prognostic classifier, which can classify patients into 3 distinct groups of different risk of mortality obtained by analyzing microarray data from 78 frozen tumor specimens. The 25-gene assay was associated with overall survival in both training (P = 0.017) and testing cohort (P = 0.005) (462 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples). The risk prediction in stages I + II is significantly better than that in stages III. Analysis demonstrated that this 25-gene signature is an independent prognostic predictor and show higher prognostic accuracy than conventional TNM staging in early stage patients. Moreover, only high-risk patients in stage I + II were found benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.043), while low-risk patients in stage III were not found benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, our results suggest that this 25-gene assay can reliably identify patients with different risk for mortality after surgery, especially for stage I + II patients, and might be able to predict patients who benefit from chemotherapy.
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Li G, Xu C, Lin X, Qu L, Xia D, Hongdu B, Xia Y, Wang X, Lou Y, He Q, Ma D, Chen Y. Deletion of Pdcd5 in mice led to the deficiency of placenta development and embryonic lethality. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2811. [PMID: 28542142 PMCID: PMC5520688 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) is an apoptosis promoter molecule that displays multiple biological activities. However, the function of PDCD5 in vivo has not yet been investigated. Here, we generated a Pdcd5 knockout mouse model to study the physiological role of PDCD5 in vivo. Knockout of the Pdcd5 gene resulted in embryonic lethality at mid-gestation. Histopathological analysis revealed dysplasia in both the LZs and JZs in Pdcd5–/– placentas with defects in spongiotrophoblasts and trophoblast giant cells. Furthermore, Pdcd5–/– embryos had impaired transplacental passage capacity. We also found that Pdcd5–/– embryos exhibited cardiac abnormalities and defective liver development. The growth defect is linked to impaired placental development and may be caused by insufficient oxygen and nutrient transfer across the placenta. These findings were verified in vitro in Pdcd5 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, which showed increased apoptosis and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Pdcd5 knockout decreased the Vegf and hepatocyte growth factor (Hgf) levels, downregulated the downstream Pik3ca–Akt–Mtor signal pathway and decreased cell survival. Collectively, our studies demonstrated that Pdcd5 knockout in mouse embryos results in placental defects and embryonic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,The Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China.,Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chentong Xu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liujing Qu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Xia
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Beiqi Hongdu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yaxin Lou
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qihua He
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dalong Ma
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.,Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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Rodríguez-Calvo R, Chanda D, Oligschlaeger Y, Miglianico M, Coumans WA, Barroso E, Tajes M, Luiken JJ, Glatz JF, Vázquez-Carrera M, Neumann D. Small heterodimer partner (SHP) contributes to insulin resistance in cardiomyocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:541-551. [PMID: 28214558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Small heterodimer partner (SHP) is an atypical nuclear receptor expressed in heart that has been shown to inhibit the hypertrophic response. Here, we assessed the role of SHP in cardiac metabolism and inflammation. Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) displayed glucose intolerance accompanied by increased cardiac mRNA levels of Shp. In HL-1 cardiomyocytes, SHP overexpression inhibited both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and impaired the insulin signalling pathway (evidenced by reduced AKT and AS160 phosphorylation), similar to insulin resistant cells generated by high palmitate/high insulin treatment (HP/HI; 500μM/100nM). In addition, SHP overexpression increased Socs3 mRNA and reduced IRS-1 protein levels. SHP overexpression also induced Cd36 expression (~6.2 fold; p<0.001) linking to the observed intramyocellular lipid accumulation. SHP overexpressing cells further showed altered expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, i.e., Acaca, Acadvl or Ucp3, augmented NF-κB DNA-binding activity and induced transcripts of inflammatory genes, i.e., Il6 and Tnf mRNA (~4-fold induction, p<0.01). Alterations in metabolism and inflammation found in SHP overexpressing cells were associated with changes in the mRNA levels of Ppara (79% reduction, p<0.001) and Pparg (~58-fold induction, p<0.001). Finally, co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that SHP overexpression strongly reduced the physical interaction between PPARα and the p65 subunit of NF-κB, suggesting that dissociation of these two proteins is one of the mechanisms by which SHP initiates the inflammatory response in cardiac cells. Overall, our results suggest that SHP upregulation upon high-fat feeding leads to lipid accumulation, insulin resistance and inflammation in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Dipanjan Chanda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Oligschlaeger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marie Miglianico
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Will A Coumans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Pediatrica-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Faculty of Pharmacy, Diagonal 643, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Tajes
- Heart Diseases Biomedical Research Group, Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Dr. Aiguader 88, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joost Jfp Luiken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jan Fc Glatz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Pediatrica-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Faculty of Pharmacy, Diagonal 643, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands.
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Wang W, Song XW, Zhao CH. Roles of programmed cell death protein 5 in inflammation and cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1801-1806. [PMID: 27826615 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PDCD5 (programmed cell death 5) is an apoptosis related gene cloned in 1999 from a human leukemic cell line. PDCD5 protein containing 125 amino acid (aa) residues sharing significant homology to the corresponding proteins of species. Decreased expression of PDCD5 has been found in many human tumors, including breast, gastric cancer, astrocytic glioma, chronic myelogenous leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent years, increased number of studies have shown the functions and mechanisms of PDCD5 protein in cancer cells, such as paraptosis, cell cycle and immunoregulation. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive review on the role of PDCD5 in cancer tissues and cells. This review summarizes the recent studies of the roles of PDCD5 in inflammation and cancer. We mainly focus on discoveries related to molecular mechanisms of PDCD5 protein. We also discuss some discrepancies between the current studies. Overall, the current available data will open new perspectives for a better understanding of PDCD5 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wen Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Hai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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13
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Yang Z, Koehler AN, Wang L. A Novel Small Molecule Activator of Nuclear Receptor SHP Inhibits HCC Cell Migration via Suppressing Ccl2. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2294-2301. [PMID: 27486225 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Small heterodimer partner (SHP, NR0B2) is a nuclear orphan receptor without endogenous ligands. Due to its crucial inhibitory role in liver cancer, it is of importance to identify small molecule agonists of SHP. As such, we initiated a probe discovery effort to identify compounds capable of modulating SHP function. First, we performed binding assays using small molecule microarrays (SMM) and discovered 5-(diethylsulfamoyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid (DSHN) as a novel activator of SHP. DSHN transcriptionally activated Shp mRNA, but also stabilized the SHP protein by preventing its ubiquitination and degradation. Second, we identified Ccl2 as a new SHP target gene by RNA-seq. We showed that activation of SHP by DSHN repressed Ccl2 expression and secretion by inhibiting p65 activation of CCL2 promoter activity, as demonstrated in vivo in Shp-/- mice and in vitro in HCC cells with SHP overexpression and knockdown. Third, we elucidated a strong inhibitory effect of SHP and DSHN on HCC cell migration and invasion by antagonizing the effect of CCL2. Lastly, by interrogating a publicly available database to retrieve SHP expression profiles from multiple types of human cancers, we established a negative association of SHP expression with human cancer metastasis and patient survival. In summary, the discovery of a novel small molecule activator of SHP provides a therapeutic perspective for future translational and preclinical studies to inhibit HCC metastasis by blocking Ccl2 signaling. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2294-301. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology and The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut. Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Angela N Koehler
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology and The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut. Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut. Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Li G, Ma D, Chen Y. Cellular functions of programmed cell death 5. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:572-80. [PMID: 26775586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) was originally identified as an apoptosis-accelerating protein that is widely expressed and has been well conserved during the process of evolution. PDCD5 has complex biological functions, including programmed cell death and immune regulation. It can accelerate apoptosis in different type of cells in response to different stimuli. During this process, PDCD5 rapidly translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. PDCD5 regulates the activities of TIP60, HDAC3, MDM2 and TP53 transcription factors. These proteins form part of a signaling network that is disrupted in most, if not all, cancer cells. Recent evidence suggests that PDCD5 participates in immune regulation by promoting regulatory T cell function via the PDCD5-TIP60-FOXP3 pathway. The stability and expression of PDCD5 are finely regulated by other molecules, such as NF-κB p65, OTUD5, YAF2 and DNAJB1. PDCD5 is phosphorylated by CK2 at Ser119, which is required for nuclear translocation in response to genotoxic stress. In this review, we describe what is known about PDCD5 and its cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dalong Ma
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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Xiao J, Li G, Hu J, Qu L, Ma D, Chen Y. Anti-inflammatory effects of recombinant human PDCD5 (rhPDCD5) in a rat collagen-induced model of arthritis. Inflammation 2015; 38:70-8. [PMID: 25178696 PMCID: PMC4312386 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) was first identified as a gene upregulated in cells undergoing apoptosis. We recently demonstrated the inhibitory effect of PDCD5 on experimentally induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of recombinant human PDCD5 (rhPDCD5) in a rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. We find that vaccination of collagen II (CII) induced CIA rats with rhPDCD5 significantly delayed the occurrence and reduced the severity of CIA rats. rhPDCD5 also restored the loss of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and decreased the population of Th1 and Th17 in CIA rats. Simultaneously, rhPDCD5 treatment suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)) and increased the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and IL-10) in CIA rats. In addition, rhPDCD5 inhibited the ability of CII to induce proliferation of splenocytes and lymph node cells (LNCs) and promoted the CII-activated CD4+ cell apoptosis. These results of rhPDCD5-treated CIA rats were similar with those of recombinant human TNF-α receptor IgG Fc (rhTNFR:Fc). Thus, to our knowledge, we provide the first evidence that rhPDCD5 may be an efficient approach to diminishing exacerbated immune responses in CIA, indicating its therapeutic potential in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
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Gao L, Ye X, Ma RQ, Cheng HY, Han HJ, Cui H, Wei LH, Chang XH. Low programmed cell death 5 expression is a prognostic factor in ovarian cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:1084-90. [PMID: 25881604 PMCID: PMC4832950 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.155100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is a leading gynecological malignancy. We investigated the prognostic value of programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods: Expression levels of PDCD5 mRNA and protein were examined in six ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3, CAOV3, ES2, OV1, 3AO, and HOC1A) and one normal ovarian epithelial cell line (T29) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. After inducing PDCD5 induction in SKOV3 cells or treating this cell line with taxol or doxorubicin (either alone or combined), apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining. Correlations between PDCD5 protein expression and pathological features, histological grade, FIGO stage, effective cytoreductive surgery, and serum cancer antigen-125 values were evaluated in patients with ovarian cancer. Results: PDCD5 mRNA and protein expression were downregulated in ovarian cancer cells. Recombinant human PDCD5 increased doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells (15.96 ± 2.07%, vs. 3.17 ± 1.45% in controls). In patients with ovarian cancer, PDCD5 expression was inversely correlated with FIGO stage, pathological grade, and patient survival (P < 0.05, R = 0.7139 for survival). Conclusions: PDCD5 expression is negatively correlated with disease progression and stage in ovarian cancer. Therefore, measuring PDCD5 expression may be a good method of determining the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Hong Chang
- Gynecology Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Zou A, Lehn S, Magee N, Zhang Y. New Insights into Orphan Nuclear Receptor SHP in Liver Cancer. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2015; 2. [PMID: 26504773 PMCID: PMC4618403 DOI: 10.11131/2015/101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) is a unique orphan nuclear receptor (NR) that contains a putative ligand-binding domain but lacks a DNA-binding domain. SHP is a transcriptional corepressor affecting diverse metabolic processes including bile acid synthesis, cholesterol and lipid metabolism, glucose and energy homeostasis, and reproductive biology via interaction with multiple NRs and transcriptional factors (TFs). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly human cancers worldwide with few therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Recently, it is becoming clear that SHP plays an antitumor role in the development of liver cancer. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings regarding the new SHP interaction partners, new structural insights into SHP’s gene repressing activity, and SHP protein posttranslational modifications by bile acids. We also discuss the pleiotropic role of SHP in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA methylation, and inflammation that are related to antitumor role of SHP in HCC. Improving our understanding of SHP’s antitumor role in the development of liver cancer will provide new insights into developing novel treatments or prevention strategies. Future research will focus on developing more efficacious and specific synthetic SHP ligands for pharmaceutical applications in liver cancer and several metabolic diseases such as hypercholesterolemia, obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sarah Lehn
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nancy Magee
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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18
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Hao NB, Tang B, Wang GZ, Xie R, Hu CJ, Wang SM, Wu YY, Liu E, Xie X, Yang SM. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) upregulates heparanase expression via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway for gastric cancer metastasis. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:57-66. [PMID: 25727320 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPA) is an endoglucuronidase that can promote the shedding of associated cytokines in several types of tumors. However, little is known about what controls the expression of HPA or its role in gastric cancer. In this study, we report for the first time that HGF regulates HPA expression to promote gastric cancer metastasis. In this study, HGF and HPA were found to be significantly expressed in 58 gastric cancer patients. High expression of both HGF and HPA was positively associated with TNM stage, invasion depth and poor prognosis. In MKN74 cells, exogenous HGF significantly increased HPA expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Further study revealed that HGF first activated PI3K/Akt signaling. NF-κB signaling was activated downstream of PI3K/Akt and promoted HPA expression. However, when c-met, PI3K/Akt or NF-κB signal inhibitors were used, HPA expression was significantly decreased. All of these results indicate that HGF regulates HPA expression by PI3K/Akt and downstream NF-κB signaling. Using bioinformatics and the ChIP assay, p65 was observed to bind to the HPA promoter. Furthermore, HGF significantly induced tumor cell migration, whereas treatment with an NF-κB inhibitor decreased migration. Moreover, when HPA was overexpressed in MKN74 cells, migration was significantly enhanced, and the HGF concentration was increased. However, when HPA was down-regulated in MKN45 cells, migration and HGF levels decreased. Together, these results demonstrate that HGF/c-met can activate PI3K/Akt and downstream NF-κB signaling to promote HPA expression and subsequent tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Bo Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Guo-Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Su-Min Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yu-Yun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - En Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xia Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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ZHU WENBIN, LI YANG, GAO LEI. Cisplatin in combination with programmed cell death protein 5 increases antitumor activity in prostate cancer cells by promoting apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4561-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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20
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Jian C, Dong W, Wang J, Guo K, Ning P, Zhang Y. Retracted article: Using firefly luciferase-based apoptosis detection to determine the participation of rotavirus NSP4-induced NF-κB activation in apoptosis. Jian et al. 2014, Virus Genes. Virus Genes 2014; 50:349. [PMID: 25216914 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Li J, Qu W, Cheng Y, Sun Y, Jiang Y, Zou T, Wang Z, Xu Y, Zhao H. The Inhibitory Effect of Intravesical Fisetin against Bladder Cancer by Induction of p53 and Down-Regulation of NF-kappa B Pathways in a Rat Bladder Carcinogenesis Model. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 115:321-9. [PMID: 24646039 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Urology; Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Weixing Qu
- Department of Urology; Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Yongyi Cheng
- Department of Urology; Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Urology; Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Yazhuo Jiang
- Department of Urology; Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Tiejun Zou
- Department of Urology; Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Urology; The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Yonggang Xu
- Department of Urology; Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Huacai Zhao
- Department of Urology; Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
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