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Littman J, Pietro J, Olansen J, Phornphutkul C, Aaron RK. Ochronotic Chondropathy: A Case Report. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2625. [PMID: 37892999 PMCID: PMC10604465 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous ochronosis, also known as alkaptonuria, is a rare disease known for its bluish-black discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and pinnae, as well as urine that turns black upon standing. Though rarely fatal, joint degradation is a common sequela, and many patients require multiple large joint arthroplasties throughout their lifetime. Though many aspects of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease have been described, questions remain, such as how the initiation of ochronotic pigmentation is prompted and the specific circumstances that make some tissues more resistant to pigmentation-related damage than others. In this report, we present the case of an 83-year-old female previously diagnosed with alkaptonuria including high-quality arthroscopic images displaying the fraying of articular cartilage. We also offer a summary of the latest literature on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, including cellular-level changes observed in ochronotic chondrocytes, biochemical and mechanical alterations to the cartilaginous extracellular matrix, and patterns of pigmentation and joint degradation observed in humans and mice models. With these, we present an overview of the mechanisms of ochronotic chondropathy and joint degradation as the processes are currently understood. While alkaptonuria itself is rare, it has been termed a "fundamental disease," implying that its study and greater understanding have the potential to lead to insights in skeletal biology in general, as well as more common pathologies such as osteoarthritis and their potential treatment mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Littman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John Pietro
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jon Olansen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Chanika Phornphutkul
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Roy K. Aaron
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Battistelli M, Tassinari E, Trisolino G, Govoni M, Ruspaggiari G, De Franceschi L, Dallari D, Burini D, Ramonda R, Favero M, Traina F, Grigolo B, Olivotto E. Hip Labral Morphological Changes in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement Speed Up the Onset of Early Osteoarthritis. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:666-674. [PMID: 36949181 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, evidence has mounted for a prominent etiologic role of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in the development of early hip osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to compare the ultrastructure and tissue composition of the hip labrum in healthy and pathological conditions, as FAI and OA, to provide understanding of structural changes which might be helpful in the future to design targeted therapies and improve treatment indications. We analyzed labral tissue samples from five healthy multi-organ donors (MCDs) (median age, 38 years), five FAI patients (median age, 37 years) and five late-stage OA patients undergoing total hip replacement (median age, 56 years). We evaluated morpho-functional by histology and transmission electron microscopy. Extracellular matrix (ECM) structure changes were similar in specimens from FAI compared to those from patients with OA (more severe in the latter) showing disorganization of collagen fibers and increased proteoglycan content. In FAI and in OA nuclei the chromatin was condensed, organelle degenerated and cytoplasm vacuolized. Areas of calcification were mainly observed in FAI and OA labrum, as well as apoptotic-like features. We showed that labral tissue of patients with FAI had similar pathological alterations of tissue obtained from OA patients, suggesting that FAI patients might have high susceptibility to develop OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Urbino University "Carlo Bo", Via Ca' Le Suore 2, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Enrico Tassinari
- Orthopaedic-Traumatology and Prosthetic Surgery and Revisions of Hip and Knee, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Trisolino
- Pediatric Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Govoni
- Reconstructive Orthopedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques - Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ruspaggiari
- Reconstructive Orthopedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques - Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Reconstructive Orthopedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques - Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dante Dallari
- Reconstructive Orthopedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques - Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Debora Burini
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Urbino University "Carlo Bo", Via Ca' Le Suore 2, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Favero
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Medicine Unit 1, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Francesco Traina
- Orthopaedic-Traumatology and Prosthetic Surgery and Revisions of Hip and Knee, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- RAMSES Laboratory, RIT Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Olivotto
- RAMSES Laboratory, RIT Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Vinestock RC, Felsenthal N, Assaraf E, Katz E, Rubin S, Heinemann-Yerushalmi L, Krief S, Dezorella N, Levin-Zaidman S, Tsoory M, Thomopoulos S, Zelzer E. Neonatal Enthesis Healing Involves Noninflammatory Acellular Scar Formation through Extracellular Matrix Secretion by Resident Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1122-1135. [PMID: 35659946 PMCID: PMC9379688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing typically recruits the immune and vascular systems to restore tissue structure and function. However, injuries to the enthesis, a hypocellular and avascular tissue, often result in fibrotic scar formation and loss of mechanical properties, severely affecting musculoskeletal function and life quality. This raises questions about the healing capabilities of the enthesis. Herein, this study established an injury model to the Achilles entheses of neonatal mice to study the effectiveness of early-age enthesis healing. Histology and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed an atypical process that did not involve inflammation or angiogenesis. Instead, healing was mediated by secretion of collagen types I and II by resident cells, which formed a permanent hypocellular and avascular scar. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the cellular response to injury, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and cell death, varied between the tendon and cartilage ends of the enthesis. Single-molecule in situ hybridization, immunostaining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assays verified these differences. Finally, gait analysis showed that these processes effectively restored function of the injured leg. These findings reveal a novel healing mechanism in neonatal entheses, whereby local extracellular matrix secretion by resident cells forms an acellular extracellular matrix deposit without inflammation, allowing gait restoration. These insights into the healing mechanism of a complex transitional tissue may lead to new therapeutic strategies for adult enthesis injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Vinestock
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Neta Felsenthal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Assaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eldad Katz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sarah Rubin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Sharon Krief
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nili Dezorella
- Department of Electron Microscopy Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Smadar Levin-Zaidman
- Department of Electron Microscopy Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stavros Thomopoulos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Zhou C, Wang C, Xu K, Niu Z, Zou S, Zhang D, Qian Z, Liao J, Xie J. Hydrogel platform with tunable stiffness based on magnetic nanoparticles cross-linked GelMA for cartilage regeneration and its intrinsic biomechanism. Bioact Mater 2022; 25:615-628. [PMID: 37056264 PMCID: PMC10087085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage injury affects numerous individuals, but the efficient repair of damaged cartilage is still a problem in clinic. Hydrogel is a potent scaffold candidate for tissue regeneration, but it remains a big challenge to improve its mechanical property and figure out the interaction of chondrocytes and stiffness. Herein, a novel hybrid hydrogel with tunable stiffness was fabricated based on methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3) through chemical bonding. The stiffness of Fe2O3/GelMA hybrid hydrogel was controlled by adjusting the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles. The hydrogel platform with tunable stiffness modulated its cellular properties including cell morphology, microfilaments and Young's modulus of chondrocytes. Interestingly, Fe2O3/GelMA hybrid hydrogel promoted oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria and facilitated catabolism of lipids in chondrocytes. As a result, more ATP and metabolic materials generated for cellular physiological activities and organelle component replacements in hybrid hydrogel group compared to pure GelMA hydrogel. Furthermore, implantation of Fe2O3/GelMA hybrid hydrogel in the cartilage defect rat model verified its remodeling potential. This study provides a deep understanding of the bio-mechanism of Fe2O3/GelMA hybrid hydrogel interaction with chondrocytes and indicates the hydrogel platform for further application in tissue engineering.
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Salucci S, Falcieri E, Battistelli M. Chondrocyte death involvement in osteoarthritis. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:159-170. [PMID: 35614364 PMCID: PMC9287242 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocyte apoptosis is known to contribute to articular cartilage damage in osteoarthritis and is correlated to a number of cartilage disorders. Micromass cultures represent a convenient means for studying chondrocyte biology, and, in particular, their death. In this review, we focused the different kinds of chondrocyte death through a comparison between data reported in the literature. Chondrocytes show necrotic features and, occasionally, also apoptotic features, but usually undergo a new form of cell death called Chondroptosis, which occurs in a non-classical manner. Chondroptosis has some features in common with classical apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and involvement, not always, of caspases. The most crucial peculiarity of chondroptosis relates to the ultimate elimination of cellular remnants. Independent of phagocytosis, chondroptosis may serve to eliminate cells without inflammation in situations in which phagocytosis would be difficult. This particular death mechanism is probably due to the unusual condition chondrocytes both in vivo and in micromass culture. This review highlights on the morpho-fuctional alterations of articular cartilage and focus attention on various types of chondrocyte death involved in this degeneration. The death features have been detailed and discussed through in vitro studies based on tridimensional chondrocyte culture (micromasses culture). The study of this particular mechanism of cartilage death and the characterization of different biological and biochemical underlying mechanisms can lead to the identification of new potentially therapeutic targets in various joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), Urbino University Carlo Bo, Via Cà le Suore, 2, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, 61029, Urbino (PU), Italy.,Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Falcieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), Urbino University Carlo Bo, Via Cà le Suore, 2, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, 61029, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - M Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), Urbino University Carlo Bo, Via Cà le Suore, 2, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, 61029, Urbino (PU), Italy.
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Kan S, Duan M, Liu Y, Wang C, Xie J. Role of Mitochondria in Physiology of Chondrocytes and Diseases of Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cartilage 2021; 13:1102S-1121S. [PMID: 34894777 PMCID: PMC8804744 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211063858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondria are recognized to be one of the most important organelles in chondrocytes for their role in triphosphate (ATP) generation through aerobic phosphorylation. Mitochondria also participate in many intracellular processes involving modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), responding to instantaneous hypoxia stress, regulating cytoplasmic transport of calcium ion, and directing mitophagy to maintain the homeostasis of individual chondrocytes. DESIGNS To summarize the specific role of mitochondria in chondrocytes, we screened related papers in PubMed database and the search strategy is ((mitochondria) AND (chondrocyte)) AND (English [Language]). The articles published in the past 5 years were included and 130 papers were studied. RESULTS In recent years, the integrity of mitochondrial structure has been regarded as a prerequisite for normal chondrocyte survival and defect in mitochondrial function has been found in cartilage-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the understanding of mitochondria in cartilage is still largely limited. The mechanism on how the changes in mitochondrial structure and function directly lead to the occurrence and development of cartilage-related diseases remains to be elusive. CONCLUSION This review aims to summarize the role of mitochondria in chondrocytes under the physiological and pathological changes from ATP generation, calcium homeostasis, redox regulation, mitophagy modulation, mitochondria biogenesis to immune response activation. The enhanced understanding of molecular mechanisms in mitochondria might offer some new cues for cartilage remodeling and pathological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- “111” Project Laboratory of
Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University,
Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,“111” Project Laboratory of
Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University,
Chongqing, China,Lab of Bone & Joint Disease, State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, China,Jing Xie, Lab of Bone & Joint Disease,
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
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Makarczyk MJ, Gao Q, He Y, Li Z, Gold MS, Hochberg MC, Bunnell BA, Tuan RS, Goodman SB, Lin H. Current Models for Development of Disease-Modifying Osteoarthritis Drugs. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:124-138. [PMID: 33403944 PMCID: PMC8098772 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful and disabling disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Symptom-alleviating treatments exist, although none with long-term efficacy. Furthermore, there are currently no disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) with demonstrated efficacy in OA patients, which is, in part, attributed to a lack of full understanding of the pathogenesis of OA. The inability to translate findings from basic research to clinical applications also highlights the deficiencies in the available OA models at simulating the clinically relevant pathologies and responses to treatments in humans. In this review, the current status in the development of DMOADs will be first presented, with special attention to those in Phase II-IV clinical trials. Next, current in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo OA models are summarized and the respective advantages and disadvantages of each are highlighted. Of note, the development and application of microphysiological or tissue-on-a-chip systems for modeling OA in humans are presented and the issues that need to be addressed in the future are discussed. Microphysiological systems should be given serious consideration for their inclusion in the DMOAD development pipeline, both for their ability to predict drug safety and efficacy in human clinical trials at present, as well as for their potential to serve as a test platform for personalized medicine. Impact statement At present, no disease-modifying osteoarthritis (OA) drugs (DMOADs) have been approved for widespread clinical use by regulatory bodies. The failure of developing effective DMOADs is likely owing to multiple factors, not the least of which are the intrinsic differences between the intact human knee joint and the preclinical models. This work summarizes the current OA models for the development of DMOADs, discusses the advantages/disadvantages of each, and then proposes future model development to aid in the discovery of effective and personalized DMOADs. The review also highlights the microphysiological systems, which are emerging as a new platform for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J. Makarczyk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Yuchen He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael S. Gold
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark C. Hochberg
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wang A, Hu N, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Su C, Lv Y, Shen Y. MEG3 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in osteoarthritis chondrocytes by miR-361-5p/FOXO1 axis. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:201. [PMID: 31888661 PMCID: PMC6937924 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) and related molecular mechanisms, in osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Cartilage tissues of OA patients and healthy volunteers were isolated and cultured. After transfection with the appropriate constructs, chondrocytes were classified into Blank, pcDNA3.1-NC, pcDNA3.1-MEG3, si-NC, si-MEG3, pcDNA3.1-NC + mimics NC, pcDNA3.1-MEG3 + mimics NC, pcDNA3.1-NC + miR-361-5p mimics and pcDNA3.1-MEG3 + miR-361-5p mimics groups. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of MEG3, miR-361-5p and FOXO1. Western blot, luciferase reporter assay, RIP, CCK-8, and flow cytometry analysis were performed to reveal the morphology, proliferation, and apoptotic status of cartilage cells. Histological analysis and immunostaining were conducted in the OA rat model. Results Expression of MEG3 and FOXO1 was significantly decreased in OA compared with the normal group, while the expression of miR-361-5p was increased. MEG3 might serve as a ceRNA of miR-361-5p in OA chondrocytes. Moreover, using western blot analyses and the CCK-8 assay, MEG3 was shown to target miR-361-5p/FOXO1, elevate cell proliferation, and impair cell apoptosis. Functional analysis in vivo showed that MEG3 suppressed degradation of the cartilage matrix. Conclusion MEG3 can contribute to cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) via the miR-361-5p/FOXO1 axis in OA chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anying Wang
- Doctor Student, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.,Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Street, Shandong Province, Taishan, 271000, China
| | - Naixia Hu
- ICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Street, Shandong Province, Taishan, 271000, China
| | - Yefeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Street, Shandong Province, Taishan, 271000, China
| | - Yuanzhen Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, The Central Hospital of Taian City, No. 29, Longtan Road, Shandong Province, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Changhui Su
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Street, Shandong Province, Taishan, 271000, China
| | - Yao Lv
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Street, Shandong Province, Taishan, 271000, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Orthopedic, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139, Ziqiang Road, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
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Battistelli M, Favero M, Burini D, Trisolino G, Dallari D, De Franceschi L, Goldring SR, Goldring MB, Belluzzi E, Filardo G, Grigolo B, Falcieri E, Olivotto E. Morphological and ultrastructural analysis of normal, injured and osteoarthritic human knee menisci. Eur J Histochem 2019; 63. [PMID: 30739432 PMCID: PMC6379780 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2019.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human meniscus plays a crucial role for transmission and distribution of load across the knee, as well as shock absorption, joint stability, lubrication, and congruity. The aim of this study was to compare the complex geometry, and unique ultrastructure and tissue composition of the meniscus in healthy (control) and pathological conditions to provide understanding of structural changes that could be helpful in the future design of targetted therapies and improvement of treatment indications. We analyzed meniscus samples collected from 3 healthy multi-organ donors (median age, 66 years), 5 patients with traumatic meniscal tear (median age, 41 years) and 3 patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) for end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) (median age, 72 years). We evaluated the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, the appearance and distribution of areas of calcification, and modifications of cellular organization and structure by electron microscopy and histology. The ECM structure was similar in specimens from traumatic meniscus tears compared to those from patients with late-stage OA, showing disorganization of collagen fibers and increased proteoglycan content. Cells of healthy menisci showed mainly diffuse chromatin and well preserved organelles. Both in traumatic and in OA menisci, we observed increased chromatin condensation, organelle degeneration, and cytoplasmic vacuolization, a portion of which contained markers of autophagic vacuoles. Areas of calcification were also observed in both traumatic and OA menisci, as well as apoptotic- like features that were particularly prominent in traumatic meniscal tear samples. We conclude that meniscal tissue from patients with traumatic meniscal injury demonstrate pathological alterations characteristic of tissue from older patients undergoing TKR, suggesting that they have high susceptibility to develop OA.
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10
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Giordano FM, Burattini S, Buontempo F, Canonico B, Martelli AM, Papa S, Sampaolesi M, Falcieri E, Salucci S. Diet Modulation Restores Autophagic Flux in Damaged Skeletal Muscle Cells. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:739-745. [PMID: 31560032 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autophagy is a physiological and highly regulated mechanism, crucial for cell homeostasis maintenance. Its impairment seems to be involved in the onset of several diseases, including muscular dystrophies, myopathies and sarcopenia. According to few papers, chemotherapeutic drug treatment is able to trigger side effects on skeletal muscle tissue and, among these, a defective autophagic activation, which leads to the persistence of abnormal organelles within cells and, finally, to myofiber degeneration. The aim of this work is to find a strategy, based on diet modulation, to prevent etoposide-induced damage, in a model of in vitro skeletal muscle cells. METHODS Glutamine supplementation and nutrient deprivation have been chosen as pre-treatments to counteract etoposide effect, a chemotherapeutic drug known to induce oxidative stress and cell death. Cell response has been evaluated by means of morpho-functional, cytofluorimetric and molecular analyses. RESULTS Etoposide treated cells, if compared to control, showed dysfunctional mitochondria presence, ER stress and lysosomal compartment damage, confirmed by molecular investigations. CONCLUSIONS Interestingly, both dietary approaches were able to rescue myofiber from etoposide-induced damage. Glutamine supplementation, in particular, seemed to be a good strategy to preserve cell ultrastructure and functionality, by preventing the autophagic impairment and partially restoring the normal lysosomal activity, thus maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Giordano
- Sara Salucci, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy,
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11
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Mugnano M, Memmolo P, Miccio L, Grilli S, Merola F, Calabuig A, Bramanti A, Mazzon E, Ferraro P. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of cadmium by label-free holographic microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800099. [PMID: 30079614 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Among all environmental pollutants, the toxic heavy metal cadmium is considered as a human carcinogen. Cadmium may induce cell death by apoptosis in various cell types, although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this paper we show how a label-free digital holography (DH)-based technique is able to quantify the evolution of key biophysical parameters of cells during the exposure to cadmium for the first time. Murine embryonic fibroblasts NIH 3T3 are chosen here as cellular model for studying the cadmium effects. The results demonstrate that DH is able to retrieve the temporal evolution of different key parameters such as cell volume, projected area, cell thickness and dry mass, thus providing a full quantitative characterization of the cell physical behaviour during cadmium exposure. Our results show that the label-free character of the technique would allow biologists to perform systematic and reliable studies on cell death process induced by cadmium and we believe that more in general this can be easily extended to others heavy metals, thus avoiding the time-consuming, expensive and invasive label-based procedures used nowadays in the field. In fact, pollution by heavy metals is severe issue that needs rapid and reliable methods to be settled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mugnano
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lisa Miccio
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Simonetta Grilli
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Merola
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Alejandro Calabuig
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), IRCCS Centre for Neuroscience Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), IRCCS Centre for Neuroscience Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
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12
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Combination of Coenzyme Q 10 Intake and Moderate Physical Activity Counteracts Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in a SAMP8 Mouse Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8936251. [PMID: 30473743 PMCID: PMC6220380 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8936251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging skeletal muscles are characterized by a progressive decline in muscle mass and muscular strength. Such muscular dysfunctions are usually associated with structural and functional alterations of skeletal muscle mitochondria. The senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) model, characterized by premature aging and high degree of oxidative stress, was used to investigate whether a combined intervention with mild physical exercise and ubiquinol supplementation was able to improve mitochondrial function and preserve skeletal muscle health during aging. 5-month-old SAMP8 mice, in a presarcopenia phase, have been randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): untreated controls and mice treated for two months with either physical exercise (0.5 km/h, on a 5% inclination, for 30 min, 5/7 days per week), ubiquinol 10 (500 mg/kg/day), or a combination of exercise and ubiquinol. Two months of physical exercise significantly increased mitochondrial damage in the muscles of exercised mice when compared to controls. On the contrary, ubiquinol and physical exercise combination significantly improved the overall status of the skeletal muscle, preserving mitochondrial ultrastructure and limiting mitochondrial depolarization induced by physical exercise alone. Accordingly, combination treatment while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis lowered autophagy and caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study shows that ubiquinol supplementation counteracts the deleterious effects of physical exercise-derived ROS improving mitochondrial functionality in an oxidative stress model, such as SAMP8 in the presarcopenia phase.
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Battistelli M, Salucci S, Falcieri E. Morphological evaluation of liposomal iron carriers. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:1295-1300. [PMID: 30295364 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is one of the most important elements for human, because it plays an essential role in many metabolic processes. However, it is also recognized to be dangerous for its detrimental effect inside human cells, where, in the absence of homeostatic balance, it can induce free radicals formation. Moreover, an excessive accumulation of iron in tissues can produce iron overload, a condition incompatible with life. The use of liposomes as carriers can represent an interesting iron therapy to improve iron bioavailability and reduce its negative effects, in particular during pregnancy. In this study, a morphological analysis has been performed on commercial liposome vesicles at various drying times, both in saline solution and in distilled water. Furthermore, to highlight their possible interaction or internalization in cells, liposomes have been administered to human hemopoietic U937 cells. Ultrastructural analyses confirm that vesicle morphology and size are comparable with classical liposomal structures. Products are stable during specimen preparation and drying. Additionally, they have a good ability to penetrate into cells, interacting with cytoplasmic organelles, without inducing, at least apparently, any ultrastructural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), Urbino University Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Sara Salucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), Urbino University Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Falcieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), Urbino University Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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14
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Salucci S, Burattini S, Buontempo F, Orsini E, Furiassi L, Mari M, Lucarini S, Martelli AM, Falcieri E. Marine bisindole alkaloid: A potential apoptotic inducer in human cancer cells. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62:2881. [PMID: 29943949 PMCID: PMC6038113 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms such as corals, sponges and tunicates produce active molecules which could represent a valid starting point for new drug development processes. Among the various structural classes, the attention has been focused on 2,2-bis(6-bromo-3-indolyl) ethylamine, a marine alkaloid which showed a good anticancer activity against several tumor cell lines. Here, for the first time, the mechanisms of action of 2,2-bis(6-bromo-3-indolyl) ethylamine have been evaluated in a U937 tumor cell model. Morpho-functional and molecular analyses, highlighting its preferred signaling pathway, demonstrated that apoptosis is the major death response induced by this marine compund. Chromatin condensation, micronuclei formation, blebbing and in situ DNA fragmentation, occurring through caspase activation (extrinsic and intrinsic pathways), were observed. In particular, the bisindole alkaloid induces a mitochondrial involvement in apoptosis machinery activation with Blc-2/Bcl-x down-regulation and Bax up-regulation. These findings demonstrated that 2,2-bis(6-bromo-3-indolyl) ethylamine alkaloid-induced apoptosis is regulated by the Bcl-2 protein family upstream of caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salucci
- University of Urbino, Department of Biomolecular Sciences.
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15
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Curzi D, Fardetti F, Beccarini A, Salucci S, Burini D, Gesi M, Calvisi V, Falcieri E, Gobbi P. Chondroptotic chondrocytes in the loaded area of chondrocalcinotic cartilage: A clinical proposal? Clin Anat 2017; 31:1188-1192. [PMID: 28929522 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Curzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, 61029, Italy
| | | | | | - Sara Salucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, 61029, Italy
| | - Debora Burini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, 61029, Italy
| | - Marco Gesi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calvisi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Falcieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, 61029, Italy
| | - Pietro Gobbi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, 61029, Italy
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16
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Salucci S, Burattini S, Buontempo F, Martelli AM, Falcieri E, Battistelli M. Protective effect of different antioxidant agents in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2784. [PMID: 29046052 PMCID: PMC5617901 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cells can respond to UVB-induced damage either by tolerating it, or restoring it through antioxidant activation and DNA repair mechanisms or, ultimately, undergoing programmed cell death, when damage is massive. Nutritional factors, in particular, food antioxidants, have attracted much interest because of their potential use in new preventive, protective, and therapeutic strategies for chronic degenerative diseases, including skin inflammation and cancer. Some polyphenols, present in virgin olive oil, well tolerated by organism after oral administration, show a variety of pharmacological and clinical benefits such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuro-protective activities. Here, the protective effects of antioxidant compounds against UV-induced apoptosis have been described in HaCaT cell line. Human keratinocytes were pre-treated with antioxidants before UVB exposure and their effects have been evaluated by means of ultrastructural analyses. After UVB radiation, a known cell death trigger, typical apoptotic features, absent in control condition and in antioxidant alone-treated cells, appear. An evident numerical decrease of ultrastructural apoptotic patterns and TUNEL positive nuclei can be observed when natural antioxidants were supplied before cell death induction. These data have been confirmed by molecular investigation of caspase activity. In conclusion, this paper highlights antioxidant compound ability to prevent apoptotic cell death in human keratinocytes exposed to UVB, suggesting, for these molecules, a potential role in preventing skin damage.
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17
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Sabatini L, Battistelli M, Giorgi L, Iacobucci M, Gobbi L, Andreozzi E, Pianetti A, Franchi R, Bruscolini F. Tolerance to silver of an Aspergillus fumigatus strain able to grow on cyanide containing wastes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 306:115-123. [PMID: 26705888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the strategy of an Aspergillus fumigatus strain able to grow on metal cyanide wastes to cope with silver. The tolerance test revealed that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Ag(I) was 6mM. In 1mM AgNO3 aqueous solution the fungus was able to reduce and sequestrate silver into the cell in the form of nanoparticles as evidenced by the change in color of the biomass and Electron Microscopy observations. Extracellular silver nanoparticle production also occurred in the filtrate solution after previous incubation of the fungus in sterile, double-distilled water for 72h, therefore evidencing that culture conditions may influence nanoparticle formation. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and Energy Dispersion X-ray analysis. Atomic absorption spectrometry revealed that the optimum culture conditions for silver absorption were at pH 8.5.The research is part of a polyphasic study concerning the behavior of the fungal strain in presence of metal cyanides; the results provide better understanding for further research targeted at a rationale use of the microorganism in bioremediation plans, also in view of possible metal recovery. Studies will be performed to verify if the fungus maintains its ability to produce nanoparticles using KAg(CN)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sabatini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy
| | - M Battistelli
- Department of Earth, Life Sciences & Environment, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy
| | - L Giorgi
- Department of Base Sciences and Foundations, Chemistry Section, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy
| | - M Iacobucci
- Department of Earth, Life Sciences & Environment, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy
| | - L Gobbi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, of Environment and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - E Andreozzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy
| | - A Pianetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy
| | - R Franchi
- Department of Base Sciences and Foundations, Chemistry Section, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy
| | - F Bruscolini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy.
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18
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Salucci S, Baldassarri V, Canonico B, Burattini S, Battistelli M, Guescini M, Papa S, Stocchi V, Falcieri E. Melatonin behavior in restoring chemical damaged C2C12 myoblasts. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:532-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Valentina Baldassarri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Sabrina Burattini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Michela Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Michele Guescini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Stefano Papa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Elisabetta Falcieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
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19
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Changes in Ultrastructure and Cytoskeletal Aspects of Human Normal and Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes Exposed to Interleukin-1β and Cyclical Hydrostatic Pressure. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26019-34. [PMID: 26528971 PMCID: PMC4661795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the ultrastructure and cytoskeletal organization in human normal and Osteoarhritic (OA) chondrocytes, exposed to interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and cyclic hydrostatic pressure (HP). Morphological examination by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed differences between normal and OA chondrocytes at the nuclear and cytoplasmic level. IL-1β (5 ng/mL) induced a decrease of the number of mitochondria and Golgi bodies and a significant increase on the percentage of cells rich in vacuolization and in marginated chromatin. Cyclical HP (1–5 MPa, 0.25 Hz, for 3 h) did not change the morphology of normal chondrocytes, but had a beneficial effect on OA chondrocytes increasing the number of organelles. Normal and OA cells subjected to IL-1β and HP recovered cytoplasmic ultrastructure. Immunofluorescence (IF) examination of normal chondrocytes showed an actin signal polarized on the apical sides of the cytoplasm, tubulin and vimentin uniformly distributed throughout cytoplasm and vinculin revealed a punctuated pattern under the plasma membrane. In OA chondrocytes, these proteins partially lost their organization. Stimulation with IL-1β caused, in both type of cells, modification in the cytoskeletal organization; HP counteracted the negative effects of IL-1β. Our results showed structural differences at nuclear, cytoplasmic and cytoskeletal level between normal and OA chondrocytes. IL-1β induced ultrastructural and cytoskeletal modifications, counteracted by a cyclical low HP.
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20
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Salucci S, Burattini S, Falcieri E, Gobbi P. Three-dimensional apoptotic nuclear behavior analyzed by means of Field Emission in Lens Scanning Electron Microscope. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2539. [PMID: 26428889 PMCID: PMC4598601 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an essential biological function required during embryogenesis, tissue home-ostasis, organ development and immune system regulation. It is an active cell death pathway involved in a variety of pathological conditions. During this process cytoskeletal proteins appear damaged and undergo an enzymatic disassembling, leading to formation of apoptotic features. This study was designed to examine the three-dimensional chromatin behavior and cytoskeleton involvement, in particular actin re-modeling. HL-60 cells, exposed to hyperthermia, a known apoptotic trigger, were examined by means of a Field Emission in Lens Scanning Electron Microscope (FEISEM). Ultrastructural observations revealed in treated cells the presence of apoptotic patterns after hyperthermia trigger. In particular, three-dimensional apoptotic chromatin rearrangements appeared involving the translocation of filamentous actin from cytoplasm to the nucleus. FEISEM immunogold techniques showed actin labeling and its precise three-dimensional localization in the diffuse chromatin, well separated from the condensed one. The actin presence in dispersed chromatin inside the apoptotic nucleus can be considered an important feature, indispensable to permit the apoptotic machinery evolution.
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21
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Berberine prevents nitric oxide-induced rat chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degeneration in a rat osteoarthritis model via AMPK and p38 MAPK signaling. Apoptosis 2015; 20:1187-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Salucci S, Burattini S, Battistelli M, Buontempo F, Canonico B, Martelli AM, Papa S, Falcieri E. Tyrosol prevents apoptosis in irradiated keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 80:61-8. [PMID: 26166167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenolic compounds, the biggest group of natural antioxidants, have attracted much attention due to their known and wide-ranging biological activities, as well as to their health effects. In particular, regardless their antioxidant activity, they play a key role in the control of several inflammation-associated processes as well as in improving antioxidant defense system. In an our previous work we have demonstrated the ability of Hydroxytyrosol, an ortho-diphenolic compound, essential component of oleuropein, in preventing apoptotic cell death induced by UVB radiation in HaCaT cell lines in vitro. In olive oil, besides Hydroxytyrosol, there are appreciable amounts of Tyrosol and its secoiridoid derivatives. OBJECTIVE It has been well established that Tyrosol has a significantly lower antioxidant activity than Hydroxytyrosol, but despite this, recent studies suggest that Tyrosol exerts a powerful protective effect against oxidative injuries in cell systems and that it is able to improve the intracellular antioxidant defenses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, Tyrosol effect has been evaluated in HaCaT cells exposed to UVB radiation by means of morphological and molecular analyses. RESULTS Our study revealed the polyphenol ability in reducing apoptotic markers and in protecting HaCaT cells from damage. CONCLUSION These findings suggest an important role of Tyrosol in protecting cells from apoptotic cell death and encourage the use of this phytochemical as biological ingredient in topical preparations as possible tool to prevent skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salucci
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy.
| | | | | | - Francesca Buontempo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Papa
- DiSB, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy
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23
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Cheng L, Zeng G, Liu Z, Zhang B, Cui X, Zhao H, Zheng X, Song G, Kang J, Xia C. Protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase contribute to the chondroprotective effect of morroniside on osteoarthritis chondrocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1877-86. [PMID: 25754021 PMCID: PMC4549038 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies on the multifaceted roles of morroniside, the main active constituent of iridoid glycoside from Corni Fructus, the effect of morroniside on osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the influence of morroniside on cultured human OA chondrocytes and a rat experimental model of OA. The results showed that morroniside enhanced the cell viability and the levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression (PCNA), type II collagen and aggrecan in human OA chondrocytes, indicating that morroniside promoted chondrocyte survival and matrix synthesis. Furthermore, different doses of morroniside activated protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in human OA chondrocytes, and in turn, triggered AKT/S6 and ERK/P70S6K/S6 pathway, respectively. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 or the MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 attenuated the effect of morroniside on human OA chondrocytes, indicating that the activation of AKT and ERK contributed to the regulation of morroniside in human OA chondrocytes. In addition, the intra-articular injection of morroniside elevated the level of proteoglycans in cartilage matrix and the thickness of articular cartilage in a rat experimental model of OA, with the increase of AKT and ERK activation. As a consequence, morroniside has chondroprotective effect on OA chondrocytes, and may have the therapeutic potential for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Zhongshan Hospital, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan, University of Jinan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoqing Zeng
- Zhongshan Hospital, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zejun Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Cui
- Zhongshan Hospital, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Honghai Zhao
- Zhongshan Hospital, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xinpeng Zheng
- Zhongshan Hospital, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gang Song
- School of Medicine, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan, University of Jinan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Xia
- Zhongshan Hospital, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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