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Mohammed SM, Al-Saedi HFS, Mohammed AQ, Amir AA, Radi UK, Sattar R, Ahmad I, Ramadan MF, Alshahrani MY, Balasim HM, Alawadi A. Mechanisms of Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis: A Review of Therapeutic Targets and Approaches. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01384-9. [PMID: 38955925 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary toxicity is a serious side effect of some specific anticancer drugs. Bleomycin is a well-known anticancer drug that triggers severe reactions in the lungs. It is an approved drug that may be prescribed for the treatment of testicular cancers, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancers, and cervical cancer. A large number of experimental studies and clinical findings show that bleomycin can concentrate in lung tissue, leading to massive oxidative stress, alveolar epithelial cell death, the proliferation of fibroblasts, and finally the infiltration of immune cells. Chronic release of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules by immune cells and fibroblasts leads to pneumonitis and fibrosis. Both fibrosis and pneumonitis are serious concerns for patients who receive bleomycin and may lead to death. Therefore, the management of lung toxicity following cancer therapy with bleomycin is a critical issue. This review explains the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pulmonary injury following treatment with bleomycin. Furthermore, we review therapeutic targets and possible promising strategies for ameliorating bleomycin-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacy, Al- Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hilla, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | | | - Ahmed Ali Amir
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Usama Kadem Radi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Ruaa Sattar
- Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Halah Majeed Balasim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, Al Rafidain University College, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
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Deng J, Liu J, Chen W, Liang Q, He Y, Sun G. Effects of Natural Products through Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Attenuation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1627-1650. [PMID: 38774483 PMCID: PMC11108075 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s388920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With ever-increasing intensive studies of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), significant progresses have been made. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)/unfolded protein reaction (UPR) is associated with the development and progression of IPF, and targeting ERS/UPR may be beneficial in the treatment of IPF. Natural product is a tremendous source of new drug discovery, and accumulating studies have reported that many natural products show potential therapeutic effects for IPF via modulating one or more branches of the ERS signaling pathway. Therefore, this review focuses on critical roles of ERS in IPF development, and summarizes herbal preparations and bioactive compounds which protect against IPF through regulating ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiuLing Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - WanSheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - YuQiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - GuangChun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
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Kencana SMS, Arfian N, Yuniartha R, Saputri RLAANW, Munawaroh F, Sari DCR. Chlorogenic Acid Inhibits Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Diabetic Rat Model. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:110-120. [PMID: 38356488 PMCID: PMC10862105 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.96535.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is known to have antifibrotic and hypoglycemic effects and may play a role in preventing diabetes-induced pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to determine the effect and optimum dose of CGA on diabetes-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Thirty Wistar rats (two-month-old, 150-200 grams) were randomly divided into six groups, namely control, six weeks diabetes mellitus (DM1), eight weeks DM (DM2), and three DM2 groups (CGA1, CGA2, and CGA3) who received CGA doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/Kg BW, respectively. After six weeks, CGA was administered intraperitoneally for 14 consecutive days. Lung tissues were taken for TGF-β1, CTGF, SMAD7, Collagen-1, and α-SMA mRNA expression analysis and paraffin embedding. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results TGF-β1 expression in the CGA1 group (1.01±0.10) was lower than the DM1 (1.33±0.25, P=0.05) and DM2 (1.33±0.20, P=0.021) groups. α-SMA expression in the CGA1 group (median 0.60, IQR: 0.34-0.64) was lower than the DM1 (median 0.44, IQR: 0.42-0.80) and DM2 (median 0.76, IQR: 0.66-1.10) groups. Collagen-1 expression in the CGA1 group (0.75±0.13) was lower than the DM1 (P=0.24) and DM2 (P=0.26) groups, but not statistically significant. CTGF expression in CGA groups was lower than the DM groups (P=0.088), but not statistically significant. There was an increase in SMAD7 expression in CGA groups (P=0.286). Histological analysis showed fibrosis improvement in the CGA1 group compared to the DM groups. Conclusion CGA (12.5 mg/Kg BW) inhibited the expression of profibrotic factors and increased antifibrotic factors in DM-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagita Mega Sekar Kencana
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nur Arfian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ratih Yuniartha
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ramadhea Laila Afifa An-Nur Willya Saputri
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fauziyatul Munawaroh
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Zhu JQ, Tian YY, Chan KL, Hu Z, Xu QQ, Lin ZX, Xian YF. Modified Qing-Zao-Jiu-Fei decoction attenuated pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in rats via modulating Nrf2/NF-κB and MAPKs pathways. Chin Med 2024; 19:10. [PMID: 38229198 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qing-Zao-Jiu-Fei Decoction (QZJFD) is a famous herbal formula commonly prescribed for the treatment of lung-related diseases in the ancient and modern times. Trichosanthis Fructus (TF) and Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (FTB) are widely used for treatment of cough and pulmonary disease. In order to identify a more effective formula for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, we intend to add TF and FTB in QZJFD to form a modified QZJFD (MQZJFD). In this study, we aims to explore MQZJFD as an innovative therapeutic agent for pulmonary fibrosis using bleomycin (BLM)-treated rats and to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS BLM was given to SD rats by intra-tracheal administration of a single dose of BLM (5 mg/kg). QZJFD (3 g/kg) and MQZJFD (1, 2 and 4 g/kg) was given intragastrically daily to rats for 14 days (from day 15 to 28) after BLM administration for 14 consecutive days. RESULTS MQZJFD was found to contain 0.29% of amygdalin, 0.020% of lutin, 0.077% of glycyrrhizic acid and 0.047% of chlorogenic acid. BLM treatment could induce collagen deposition in the lung tissues of rats, indicating that the pulmonary fibrosis rat model had been successfully established. MQZJFD have better effects than the original QZJFD in reducing the pulmonary structure damage and collagen deposition of rat lung fibrosis induced by BLM. MQZJFD could reduce the hydroxyproline content in lung tissues of BLM-treated rats. The biomarkers of fibrosis such as matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were remarkably reduced after treatment with MQZJFD. MQZJFD also have anti-oxidant stress effects by inhibiting the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), but enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the level of glutathione (GSH) in the lung tissues of BLM-treated rats. Moreover, the MQZJFD markedly suppressed the over expressions of p-p65/p65 and p-IκBα/IκBα, but upregulated the Nrf2. MQZJFD also suppressed the protein expressions of p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, p-p38/p38 and p-JNK/JNK in the lung tissues of BLM-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS MQZJFD could improve the pulmonary fibrosis induced by BLM in rats via inhibiting the fibrosis and oxidative stress via suppressing the activation of NF-κB/Nrf2 and MAPKs pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qian Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yang Tian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kam Leung Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
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Qin S, Tan P, Xie J, Zhou Y, Zhao J. A systematic review of the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine against pulmonary fibrosis: from a pharmacological perspective. Chin Med 2023; 18:96. [PMID: 37537605 PMCID: PMC10398979 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease caused by a variety of etiologies. The disease can eventually lead to irreversible damage to the lung tissue structure, severely affecting respiratory function and posing a serious threat to human health. Currently, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants are the main drugs used in the clinical treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, but their efficacy is limited and they can cause serious adverse effects. Traditional Chinese medicines have important research value and potential for clinical application in anti-pulmonary fibrosis. In recent years, more and more scientific researches have been conducted on the use of traditional Chinese medicine to improve or reduce pulmonary fibrosis, and some important breakthroughs have been made. This review paper systematically summarized the research progress of pharmacological mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines and their active compounds in improving or reducing pulmonary fibrosis. We conducted a systematic search in several main scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, natural products, herbal medicine, and therapeutic methods. Ultimately, 252 articles were included and systematically evaluated in this analysis. The anti-fibrotic mechanisms of these traditional Chinese medicine studies can be roughly categorized into 5 main aspects, including inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, improvement of extracellular matrix deposition, mediation of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. The purpose of this article is to provide pharmaceutical researchers with information on the progress of scientific research on improving or reducing Pulmonary fibrosis with traditional Chinese medicine, and to provide reference for further pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Junjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Jain S, Saha P, Syamprasad NP, Panda SR, Rajdev B, Jannu AK, Sharma P, Naidu VGM. Targeting TLR4/3 using chlorogenic acid ameliorates LPS+POLY I:C-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome via alleviating oxidative stress-mediated NLRP3/NF-κB axis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:785-805. [PMID: 36951146 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition caused due to significant pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been shown to possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoprotective properties. However, the protective effect of CGA on viral and bacterial-induced ALI/ARDS is not yet explored. Hence, the current study is aimed to evaluate the preclinical efficacy of CGA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (POLY I:C)-induced ALI/ARDS models in vitro and in vivo. Human airway epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells exposed to LPS+POLY I:C significantly elevated oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. Co-treatment with CGA (10 and 50 µM) prevented inflammation and oxidative stress mediated by TLR4/TLR3 and NLRP3 inflammasome axis. BALB/c mice, when chronically challenged with LPS+POLY I:C showed a significant influx of immune cells, up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely: IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and treatment with intranasal CGA (1 and 5 mg/kg) normalized the elevated levels of immune cell infiltration as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines. D-Dimer, the serum marker for intravascular coagulation, was significantly increased in LPS+ POLY I:C challenged animals which was reduced with CGA treatment. Further, CGA treatment also has a beneficial effect on the lung and heart, as shown by improving lung physiological and cardiac functional parameters accompanied by the elevated antioxidant response and simultaneous reduction in tissue damage caused by LPS+POLY I:C co-infection. In summary, these comprehensive, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that CGA may be a viable therapeutic option for bacterial and viral-induced ALI-ARDS-like pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Jain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Pritam Saha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Nayadi Parambil Syamprasad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Samir Rajan Panda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Bishal Rajdev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Arun Kumar Jannu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, U.S.A
| | - Vegi Ganga Modi Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for the Excellence of GMP Extraction Facility, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, India
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Lee HL, Kim JM, Go MJ, Kim TY, Joo SG, Kim JH, Lee HS, Kim HJ, Heo HJ. Protective Effect of Lonicera japonica on PM 2.5-Induced Pulmonary Damage in BALB/c Mice via the TGF-β and NF-κB Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040968. [PMID: 37107342 PMCID: PMC10135714 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the protective effect of an extract of Lonicera japonica against particulate-matter (PM)2.5-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. The compounds with physiological activity were identified as shanzhiside, secologanoside, loganic acid, chlorogenic acid, secologanic acid, secoxyloganin, quercetin pentoside, and dicaffeoyl quinic acids (DCQA), including 3,4-DCQA, 3,5-DCQA, 4,5-DCQA, and 1,4-DCQA using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE). The extract of Lonicera japonica reduced cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inflammation in A549 cells. The extract of Lonicera japonica decreased serum T cells, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and total T helper 2 (Th2) cells, and immunoglobulins, including immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin E (IgE), in PM2.5-induced BALB/c mice. The extract of Lonicera japonica protected the pulmonary antioxidant system by regulating superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) contents, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In addition, it ameliorated mitochondrial function by regulating the production of ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP contents. Moreover, the extract of Lonicera japonica exhibited a protective activity of apoptosis, fibrosis, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) via TGF-β and NF-κB signaling pathways in lung tissues. This study suggests that the extract of Lonicera japonica might be a potential material to improve PM2.5-induced pulmonary inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Go
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gyum Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hui Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Su Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Zhu C, Zhao H, Sun Z, Wang X. Anti-inflammatory effect of chlorogenic acid in Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia by inactivating the p38MAPK pathway. Int J Med Microbiol 2023; 313:151576. [PMID: 36812841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2023.151576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pneumonia is an inflammation-related respiratory infection and chlorogenic acid (CGA) possesses a wide variety of bioactive properties, such as anti-inflammation and anti-bacteria. AIM This study explored the anti-inflammatory mechanism of CGA in Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp)-induced rats with severe pneumonia. METHODS The pneumonia rat models were established by infection with Kp and treated with CGA. Survival rates, bacterial load, lung water content, and cell numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were recorded, lung pathological changes were scored, and levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RLE6TN cells were infected with Kp and treated with CGA. The expression levels of microRNA (miR)-124-3p, p38, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) in lung tissues and RLE6TN cells were quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blotting. The binding of miR-124-3p to p38 was validated by the dual-luciferase and RNA pull-down assays. In vitro, the functional rescue experiments were performed using miR-124-3p inhibitor or p38 agonist. RESULTS Kp-induced pneumonia rats presented high mortality, increased lung inflammatory infiltration and the release of inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced bacterial load, while CGA treatment improved rat survival rates and the above situations. CGA increased miR-124-3p expression, and miR-124-3p inhibited p38 expression and inactivated the p38MAPK pathway. Inhibition of miR-124-3p or activation of the p38MAPK pathway reversed the alleviative effect of CGA on pneumonia in vitro. CONCLUSION CGA upregulated miR-124-3p expression and inactivated the p38MAPK pathway to downregulate inflammatory levels, facilitating the recovery of Kp-induced pneumonia rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Chaoyin Zhu
- Mengzhou Nongda biochemical products Co., Ltd, Jiaozuo city, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Mengzhou Nongda biochemical products Co., Ltd, Jiaozuo city, China
| | - Zhanyang Sun
- Mengzhou Nongda biochemical products Co., Ltd, Jiaozuo city, China
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Mao X, Xie X, Ma J, Wei Y, Huang Z, Wang T, Zhu J, Wang Y, Zhao H, Hua J. Chlorogenic Acid Inhibited Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Treat Pulmonary Fibrosis through Modulating Autophagy. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:929-938. [PMID: 37394644 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA), derived from dicotyledons and ferns, has been demonstrated with anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and free radical-scavenging effects and can be used to treat pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the specific mechanism by which CGA treats PF needs to be further investigated. In this study, in vivo experiment was firstly performed to evaluate the effects of CGA on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy in bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF mice. Then, the effects of CGA on EMT and autophagy was assessed using transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) 1-induced EMT model in vitro. Furthermore, autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) was used to verify that the inhibitory mechanism of CGA on EMT was associated with activating autophagy. Our results found that 60 mg/kg of CGA treatment significantly ameliorated lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice with BLM-induced PF. Besides, CGA inhibited EMT and promoted autophagy in mice with PF. In vitro studies also demonstrated that 50 µM of CGA treatment inhibited EMT and induced autophagy related factors in TGF-β1-induced EMT cell model. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of CGA on autophagy and EMT in vitro was abolished after using autophagy inhibitor. In conclusion, CGA could inhibit EMT to treat BLM-induced PF in mice through, activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Ma
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong
| | - Yulin Wei
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong
| | | | | | - Jiaqi Zhu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong
| | - Yue Wang
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong
| | - Huan Zhao
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong
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El-Hela AA, Hegazy MM, Abbass HS, Ahmed AH, Bakr MSA, Elkousy RH, Ibrahim AE, El Deeb S, Sayed OM, Gad ES. Dinebra retroflexa Herbal Phytotherapy: A Simulation Study Based on Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Retraction Potential in Swiss Albino Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1719. [PMID: 36556921 PMCID: PMC9782064 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Fibrotic lung disease is one of the main complications of many medical conditions. Therefore, the use of anti-fibrotic agents may provide a chance to prevent, or at least modify, such complication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective pulmonary anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of Dinebra retroflexa. Materials and methods: Dinebra retroflexa methanolic extract and its synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (5 mg/5 mL/kg-Saline) as a supposed model for induced lung fibrosis. The weed evaluation was performed by intratracheal instillation of Dinebra retroflexa methanolic extract and its silver nanoparticles (35 mg/100 mL/kg-DMSO, single dose). Results: The results showed that both Dinebra retroflexa methanolic extract and its silver nanoparticles had a significant pulmonary fibrosis retraction potential, with Ashcroft scores of three and one, respectively, and degrees of collagen deposition reduction of 33.8 and 46.1%, respectively. High-resolution UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS metabolic profiling and colorimetrically polyphenolic quantification were performed for further confirmation and explanation of the represented effects. Such activity was believed to be due to the tentative identification of twenty-seven flavonoids and one phenolic acid along with a phenolic content of 57.8 mg/gm (gallic acid equivalent) and flavonoid content of 22.5 mg/gm (quercetin equivalent). Conclusion: Dinebra retroflexa may be considered as a promising anti-fibrotic agent for people at high risk of complicated lung fibrosis. The results proved that further clinical trials would be recommended to confirm the proposed findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef A. El-Hela
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hatem S. Abbass
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University—Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Amal H. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Marwa S. Abu Bakr
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Rawah H. Elkousy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said 42511, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, 38092 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ossama M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University—Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Enas S. Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf 13890, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University—Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
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11
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Zhang A, Zou Y, Xu Q, Tian S, Wang J, Li Y, Dong R, Zhang L, Jiang J, Wang L, Tao K, Meng Z, Liu Y. Investigation of the Pharmacological Effect and Mechanism of Jinbei Oral Liquid in the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919388. [PMID: 35784749 PMCID: PMC9240387 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Overview: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease caused by many factors, eventually resulting in lung function failure. Jinbei oral liquid (JBOL) is a traditional Chinese clinical medicine used to treat pulmonary diseases. However, the pharmacological effects and mechanism of the action of JBOL on IPF remain unclear. This study investigated the protective effects and mechanism of the action of JBOL on IPF using network pharmacology analysis, followed by in vivo and in vitro experimental validation. Methods: The components of JBOL and their targets were screened using the TCMSP database. IPF-associated genes were obtained using DisGeNET and Drugbank. The common targets of JBOL and IPF were identified with the STRING database, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. GO and KEGG analyses were performed. Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with bleomycin (BLM) to establish an IPF model and treated orally with JBOL at doses of 5.4, 10.8, and 21.6 ml/kg. A dose of 54 mg/kg of pirfenidone was used as a control. All rats were treated for 28 successive days. Dynamic pulmonary compliance (Cdyn), minute ventilation volume (MVV), vital capacity (VC), and lung resistance (LR) were used to evaluate the efficacy of JBOL. TGF-β–treated A549 cells were exposed to JBOL, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) changes were assessed. Western blots were performed. Results: Two hundred seventy-eight compounds and 374 targets were screened, and 103 targets related to IPF were identified. Core targets, including MAPK1 (ERK2), MAPK14 (p38), JUN, IL-6, AKT, and others, were identified by constructing a PPI network. Several pathways were involved, including the MAPK pathway. Experimentally, JBOL increased the levels of the pulmonary function indices (Cdyn, MVV, and VC) in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the RL level in the BLM-treated rats. JBOL increased the epithelial marker E-cadherin and suppressed the mesenchymal marker vimentin expression in the TGF-β–treated A549 cells. The suppression of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation by JBOL was validated. Conclusion: JBOL had therapeutic effects against IPF by regulating pulmonary function and EMT through a systemic network mechanism, thus supporting the need for future clinical trials of JBOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shandong Hongji-tang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Yixuan Zou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qingcui Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shandong Hongji-tang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Tian
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Renchao Dong
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liangzong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shandong Hongji-tang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Juanjuan Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shandong Hongji-tang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shandong Hongji-tang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Kai Tao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shandong Hongji-tang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoqing Meng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shandong Hongji-tang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaoqing Meng, ; Yanqiu Liu,
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaoqing Meng, ; Yanqiu Liu,
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12
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Zhang H, Bai R, Wu Y, Zeng J, Jiang H, Liu X, Zhang H, Yan J. Multi-wavelength fusion column fingerprint technology combined with chemometric analysis to evaluate the overall quality of the Gardenia jasminoides root. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2051-2062. [PMID: 35546562 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromatographic fingerprinting provides effective technical means for quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. In this work, a novel multi-wavelength fusion column fingerprint was obtained by intelligent selection of chromatographic peaks from different wavelengths, which displayed the maximum peak area information under the optimal wavelength at the same retention time. Here, the Gardenia jasminoides root was selected as a sample. The multi-wavelength fusion column fingerprint graph of the Gardenia jasminoides root was constructed from five wavelengths (203 nm, 210 nm, 238 nm, 250 nm and 330 nm). The peak capacity, peak resolution, the number of common peaks and similarity were used to evaluate the performance. The 19 batches of Gardenia jasminoides root were classified into three categories with clear distinction between origin categories based on the multi-wavelength fusion column fingerprint combined with chemometrics, including hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Nine markers of variation that led to differences between batches were screened by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. This study demonstrated that the classification model based on the multi-wavelength fusion column fingerprint was better than that on a single-wavelength, and the fusion fingerprint was suitable for the identification and quality control of traditional Chinese medicine with more comprehensive chemical composition information and more accurate prediction ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Rui Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yameng Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jielin Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Huijie Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Hongxu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Kazaz IO, Demir S, Kerimoglu G, Colak F, Turkmen Alemdar N, Yilmaz Dogan S, Bostan S, Mentese A. Chlorogenic acid ameliorates torsion/detorsion-induced testicular injury via decreasing endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Pediatr Urol 2022; 18:289.e1-289.e7. [PMID: 35279357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKROUND Testicular torsion (TT) is an urological emergency situation especially in adolescents and young men. The main pathophysiology of testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) is ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) thought to play a critical role in tissue injury. Increasing evidence suggests that ER stress may play an important role in I/R-induced cell death. During ischemia, oxygen and glucose deprivation also causes abnormalities in protein folding processes. Antioxidants suppress oxidative stress directly as well as ER stress and thus gain importance in the treatment of pathologies associated with oxidative stress and ER stress, such as I/R damage. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) which is formed by the esterification of caffeic and quinic acids and is one of the most abundant phenolic acids in nature. There is also a growing body of studies reporting protective effects of CGA against I/R injury in different tissues, including intestinal, heart and brain. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of CGA on oxidative stress and ER stress in an experimental testicular I/R injury model. DESIGN Rats were divided into three groups: control, T/D, and T/D + CGA. In the T/D + CGA group, 100 mg/kg CGA was given intraperitoneally 30 min before detorsion. While tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined manually using a colorimetric method, tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), 78-kDa glucose regulatory protein (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) levels were determined enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Johnsen's testicle scoring system was used for histological evaluation. RESULTS In T/D group, tissue MDA, GRP78, ATF6 and CHOP levels were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). These increases were significantly reversed with CGA pre-treatment (p < 0.05). The histopathological Johnsen score was significantly lower in the T/D group compared to the control group, but the level of histopathological Johnsen score was significantly restored by CGA pre-treatment (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION The relationship between I/R injury and ER stress has been emphasized frequently in recent years. This study in which the effects of CGA on TT were examined for the first time, showed that CGA can inhibit I/R-induced testicular damage. CONCLUSION These results may provide a new insight into CGA and may form the first clinical theoretical basis for the possible use of CGA in the treatment of TT in the future. However, the real function of CGA in TT patients needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Onur Kazaz
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selim Demir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Gokcen Kerimoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Fatih Colak
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Nihal Turkmen Alemdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Instute of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Sedanur Yilmaz Dogan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Serdar Bostan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Mentese
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
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14
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Artemisia gmelinii Attenuates Lung Inflammation by Suppressing the NF-κB/MAPK Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030568. [PMID: 35326218 PMCID: PMC8944700 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and continuous CS exposure causes lung inflammation and deterioration. To investigate the protective effects of Artemisia gmelinii against lung inflammation in this study, cigarette smoke extract (CSE)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated alveolar macrophages (AMs) and mice stimulated with CSE/porcine pancreas elastase (PPE) were used. Artemisia gmelinii ethanol extract (AGE) was effective in decreasing the levels of cytokines, chemokine, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway in AMs. Additionally, oral administration of AGE suppressed inflammatory cells’ infiltration and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, matrix metallopeptidase 9, and neutrophil extracellular traps in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the COPD model. Moreover, the obstruction of small airways, the destruction of the lung parenchyma, and expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP-2 were suppressed by inhibiting NF-κB activation in the lung tissues of the AGE group. These effects are associated with scopolin, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, which are the main components of AGE. These data demonstrate the mitigation effect of AGE on lung inflammation via inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB pathways, suggesting that AGE may be instrumental in improving respiratory and lung health.
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15
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Ding L, Li Y, Yang Y, Song S, Qi H, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhao J, Zhang W, Zhao L, Zhao D, Li X, Wang Z. Wenfei Buqi Tongluo Formula Against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β/Smad3 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:762998. [PMID: 35126110 PMCID: PMC8814462 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the end stage of various chronic and progressive interstitial lung diseases. TGF-β, a profibrotic cytokine, can promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, and fibroblast proliferation, which contribute to progressive lung remodeling in PF. The Wenfei Buqi Tongluo (WBT) formula has been certified to be effective in the prevention and treatment of PF in clinical practice and has inhibitory effects on EMT, inflammation, and profibrotic factors. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of WBT against PF need to be further explored. In this study, we first analyzed the chemical components of the WBT formula using the UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis. The potential targets of the identified compounds from WBT were predicted by the network pharmacology, which was confirmed by in vivo and in vitro study. After screening by the PubChem database, we first identified the 36 compounds of WBT and predicted the TGF-β signaling pathway, with ECM degradation as potential mechanism of WBT against PF by the network pharmacology. Furthermore, WBT treatment inhibited the levels of TGF-β and Smad3 phosphorylation and subsequently alleviated EMT and ECM accumulation in the bleomycin-induced mouse model and TGF-β1–induced cell model. These findings indicate that WBT can block the progressive process of PF by inhibiting EMT and promoting ECM degradation via the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. This study may provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of WBT for the prevention and treatment of PF in the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Song
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachao Zhao
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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16
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Nwafor EO, Lu P, Zhang Y, Liu R, Peng H, Xing B, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Chlorogenic acid: Potential source of natural drugs for the therapeutics of fibrosis and cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101294. [PMID: 34861551 PMCID: PMC8640119 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis and cancer is described by some epidemiological studies as chronic stages of different disease conditions typically characterized by uncontrolled accumulation of extra-cellular matrix (ECM), thereby leading to inflammation of tissues and organ (lungs, heart, liver and kidney) dysfunction. It is highly prevalent, and contributes to increased mortality rate worldwide. Currently, the therapeutical approaches involving selected medications (bemcentinib, pirfenidone and nintedanib) obtained synthetically, and used in clinical practices for fibrosis and cancer management and treatment has shown to be unsatisfactorily, especially during progressive stages of the disease. With regards to finding a more potent, effective, and promising curative for fibrosis and cancer, there is need for continuous experimental studies universally. However, phytochemical constituents’ particularly phenolic compounds [Chlorogenic acid (CGA)] obtained from coffee, and coffee beans have been predominantly utilized in experimental studies, due to its multiple pharmacological properties against various disease forms. Considering its natural source alongside minimal toxicity level, CGA, a major precursor of coffee have gained considerable attention nowadays from researchers worldwide, owing to its wide, efficacious and beneficial action against fibrosis and cancer. Interestingly, the safety of CGA has been proven. Furthermore, numerous experimental studies have also deduced massive remarkable outcomes in the use of CGA clinically, as a potential drug candidate against treatment of fibrosis and cancer. In the course of this review article, we systematically discussed the beneficial contributions of CGA with regards to its source, absorption, metabolism, mechanistic effects, and molecular mechanisms against different fibrosis and cancer categorization, which might be a prospective remedy in the future. Moreover, we also highlighted CGA (in vitro and in vivo analytical studies) defensive effects against various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebuka-Olisaemeka Nwafor
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kuibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China.
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17
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Wang L, Li S, Yao Y, Yin W, Ye T. The role of natural products in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: a review. Food Funct 2021; 12:990-1007. [PMID: 33459740 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is an incurable end-stage lung disease and remains a global public health problem. Although there have been some breakthroughs in understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, effective intervention methods are still limited. Natural products have the advantages of multiple biological activities and high levels of safety, which are important factors for preventing and treating pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms and health benefits of natural products against pulmonary fibrosis. These natural products target oxidative stress, inflammatory injury, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix accumulation and metabolic regulation, and the mechanisms involve the NF-κB, TGF-β1/Smad, PI3K/Akt, p38 MAPK, Nrf2-Nox4, and AMPK signaling pathways. We hope to provide new ideas for pulmonary fibrosis prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Wang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. and West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sha Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yuqin Yao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wenya Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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18
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Su X, Liu K, Xie Y, Zhang M, Wu X, Zhang Y, Wang J. Mushroom Inonotus sanghuang alleviates experimental pulmonary fibrosis: Implications for therapy of pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110919. [PMID: 33202282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushroom Inonotus sanghuang has been characterized as a traditional medicine in China and has pharmacological activities to treat inflammation, gastroenteric dysfunction, and cancer. Recently, we reported the impact of Inonotus sanghuang extract (ISE) from ethyl acetate fraction on bleomycin (BLM)-induced acute lung injury in mice. Here, we aimed to investigate ISE's impact on pulmonary fibrosis using in vivo and in vitro models and the underlying mechanisms. To evaluate pulmonary fibrosis, female C57BL/6 mice fed ISE (0% or 0.6% in diet) for 4 weeks were instilled intratracheally with BLM and then continued the same diet before the end of the experiment. A549 cells were used to evaluate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Feeding ISE improved BLM-treated mice's survival via decreasing lung infiltrating cells and fibrosis, followed by reducing hydroxyproline content, collagen deposition, and mesenchymal markers (α-SMA and vimentin) while increasing epithelial marker E-cadherin. ISE also suppressed the TGF-β expression, Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and EMT-related transcription factor Snail upon BLM instillation. Iin vitro study demonstrated that ISE inhibited TGF-β-induced EMT-like phenotype and cell behaviors, the expression of α-SMA and vimentin, and prevented E-cadherin reduction of A549 cells. Consistent with in vivo study, ISE abrogated p-Smad2/3, and Snail expression. Finally, the influence of ISE on EMT was not due to ISE toxicity. Our findings indicated that ISE effectively attenuated BLM-induced lung fibrosis. These ISE properties were thought to be involved in interfering TGF-β, Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and EMT process, suggesting that the material has the potential health benefits to improve lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Su
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China; Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050061, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China; School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
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19
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Qin L, Zang M, Xu Y, Zhao R, Wang Y, Mi Y, Mei Y. Chlorogenic Acid Alleviates Hyperglycemia-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis through Activation of the NO/cGMP/PKG Pathway in Cardiac Fibroblasts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000810. [PMID: 33200558 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Hyperglycemia-induced cardiac fibrosis is one of the main causes of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DM). Chlorogenic acid (CGA) found in many foods has excellent hypoglycemic effectiveness, but it is not known whether CGA can improve DM by inhibiting cardiac fibrosis caused by hyperglycemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Type I diabetic mice are induced by streptozotocin, and after treatment with CGA for 12 weeks, cardiac functions and fibrosis are determined. CGA significantly attenuates hyperglycemia-induced cardiac fibrosis and improves cardiac functions. The mechanism of CGA on fibrotic inhibition is further studied by immunofluorescence, western blot and RNA interference technology in vivo and in vitro. The results show CGA exerted its anti-fibrotic effects through activating the cyclic GMP/protein kinase G pathway (cGMP/PKG) to block hyperglycemia-induced nuclear translocation of p-Smad2/3, and then inhibiting pro-fibrotic gene expression in cardiac fibroblasts without depending on its hypoglycemic function. Moreover, the data also revealed that CGA increased cGMP level and activated PKG in cardiac fibroblasts by enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and NO production. CONCLUSION Besides lowering blood glucose, CGA also has an independent ability to inhibit cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, long-term consumption of foods rich in CGA for diabetic patients will have great benefits to improve diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Mingxi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yingwu Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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20
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Peng L, Wen L, Shi QF, Gao F, Huang B, Meng J, Hu CP, Wang CM. Scutellarin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:978. [PMID: 33188176 PMCID: PMC7666141 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is featured with inflammation and extensive lung remodeling caused by overloaded deposition of extracellular matrix. Scutellarin is the major effective ingredient of breviscapine and its anti-inflammation efficacy has been reported before. Nevertheless, the impact of scutellarin on IPF and the downstream molecular mechanism remain unclear. In this study, scutellarin suppressed BLM-induced inflammation via NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway both in vivo and in vitro. BLM significantly elevated p-p65/p65 ratio, IκBα degradation, and levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, caspase-11, ASC, GSDMDNterm, IL-1β, and IL-18, while scutellarin reversed the above alterations except for that of caspase-11. Scutellarin inhibited BLM-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in vivo and in vitro. The expression levels of EMT-related markers, including fibronectin, vimentin, N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, were increased in BLM group, and suppressed by scutellarin. The expression level of E-cadherin showed the opposite changes. However, overexpression of NLRP3 eliminated the anti-inflammation and anti-EMT functions of scutellarin in vitro. In conclusion, scutellarin suppressed inflammation and EMT in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis through NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Key Site of the National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, 541002, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Feng Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, 541002, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, 541002, P.R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, 541002, P.R. China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Key Site of the National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Ping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Key Site of the National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.
| | - Chang-Ming Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, 541002, P.R. China.
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21
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Mehmood A, Zhao L, Ishaq M, Zad OD, Zhao L, Wang C, Usman M, Lian Y, Xu M. Renoprotective effect of stevia residue extract on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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22
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Sun B, Xu S, Yan Y, Li Y, Li H, Zheng G, Dong T, Bai J. miR-205 Suppresses Pulmonary Fibrosis by Targeting GATA3 Through Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:720-726. [PMID: 31820686 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666191210115614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of miR-205 and GATA3 in Pulmonary Fibrosis (PF). METHODS Bleomycin (BLM) was used to induce PF in SD rats and in vitro PF model was established by using TGFβ1-induced RLE-6TN cells. miR-205 mimics were used for the overexpression of miR- 205. The expression of miR-205, GATA3, α-SMA, Collagen I, CHOP and GRP78 were measured using RT-qPCR or western blotting. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm binding between GATA3 3'-UTR and miR-205. RESULTS The expression of miR-205 was significantly down-regulated, while the expression of GATA3 was remarkably up-regulated in the model rats. GATA3 levels were remarkably decreased when miR-205 was overexpressed. When miR-205 was overexpressed, the lung injury by BLM-induced fibrosis was improved. The expression of α-SMA, Collagen I, as well as GRP78 and CHOP, was significantly up-regulated in both in vivo and in vitro PF models, and overexpression of miR-205 remarkably reversed the effects. Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-205 directly targeted and negatively regulated GATA3. CONCLUSION miR-205 improved pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting ER-stress by targeting GATA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shumin Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yanli Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Guizhen Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Tiancao Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jianwen Bai
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China
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23
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Xing XY, Qiang WJ, Bao JL, Yang RC, Hou J, Tao K, Meng ZQ, Zhang JH, Zhang AJ, Sun XB. Jinbei Oral Liquid ameliorates bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in rats via reversion of Th1/Th2 shift. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2020; 12:273-280. [PMID: 36119009 PMCID: PMC9476682 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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24
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Shi Z, Xu L, Xie H, Ouyang R, Ke Y, Zhou R, Yung WH. Attenuation of intermittent hypoxia-induced apoptosis and fibrosis in pulmonary tissues via suppression of ER stress activation. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:92. [PMID: 32299413 PMCID: PMC7161195 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with pulmonary fibrosis and endothelial apoptosis in pulmonary tissues. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) is considered to be the primary player in OSA, but the mechanisms underlying its effect on pulmonary tissues are unknown. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by IH treatment plays an important role in accelerating the process of fibrosis and induction of apoptosis. Methods Mice were placed in IH chambers for 4 weeks with an oscillating oxygen (O2) concentration between 5 and 21%, cycling every 90s for 8 h daily. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group (normal oxygen), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) group (normal oxygen intraperitoneally injected with TUDCA), IH group and IH + TUDCA group. After 4 weeks, the proteins in three branch signaling pathways of ER stress, including protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like/Pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1), were evaluated. The cleaved caspase-3, caspase-12 and TUNNEL staining was assessed. Furthermore, the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and thrombospondin-1(TSP-1), two extracellular matrix proteins that play critical role in fibrosis, were examined. Finally, Masson’s trichrome staining was performed to detect the expression of collagen. Results After 4 weeks of IH treatment, the expressions of two ER stress markers, glucose regulated protein-78 (Grp78) and transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were increased which was prevented by administration of the ER stress attenuator, TUDCA. The expressions of PERK, but not those of ATF-6 and IRE-1, were increased. The effects of IH were accompanied by an increased number of apoptotic cells and increased expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-12 in pulmonary tissues. In addition, histological examination suggested the presence of fibrosis after chronic IH treatment, indicated by increased expression of collagen, which was associated with the up-regulation of TGF-β1 and TSP-1 that are known to promote fibrosis. Similarly, TUDCA could reduce the extent of fibrotic area and the expression levels of these proteins. Conclusions It reveals the roles of ER stress, especially the PERK pathway, in IH induced apoptosis and fibrosis in pulmonary tissues that might underlie the pulmonary complications observed in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central-South University, Changsha, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Linhao Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ruoyun Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China. .,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central-South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wing-Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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25
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Shi M, Sun F, Wang Y, Kang J, Zhang S, Li H. CGA restrains the apoptosis of Aβ 25-35-induced hippocampal neurons. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:700-707. [PMID: 31902262 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1702547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but the study on its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models remains rare. Here, the effects of CGA on β-amyloid protein (Aβ)-induced cell models were investigated, aiming to provide a direction for Aβ-induced AD.Material and methods: Hippocampal neurons were separated from newborn Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and identified by immumofluorescence method. Hippocampal neurons were processed with Aβ25-35 after pre-treatment CGA. MTT assay was used for detecting viability of treated cells. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of treated hippocampal neurons were determined by corresponding kits. Flow cytometry analysis assessed the apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in hippocampal neurons after treatment. The expressions of proteins related to apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) were measured by western blot (WB) analysis.Results: Immumofluorescence method showed that the Aβ25-35 induction models were successfully constructed. CGA increased the viability and decreased the apoptosis rate of Aβ25-35-induced hippocampal neurons. Decreasing activities of LDH and MDA, and raised contents of SOD and GSH-Px were appeared in Aβ25-35-induced cells that pre-treated with CGA. Moreover, CGA also enhanced MMP intensity of hippocampal neurons induced by Aβ25-35. In WB analysis, CGA reversed the promoting effect of Aβ25-35 on the expressions of proteins related to pro-ERS and pro-apoptosis.Conclusion: CGA restrained the apoptosis of Aβ25-35-induced hippocampal neurons via improving the anti-oxidant capacity, mitochondrial injury and ERS state of cells, which may provide a direction for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junling Kang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongfu Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Cooper I, Atrakchi D, Walker MD, Horovitz A, Fridkin M, Shechter Y. Converting bleomycin into a prodrug that undergoes spontaneous reactivation under physiological conditions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 384:114782. [PMID: 31655077 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bleomycin is an anticancer antibiotic effective against a range of human malignancies. Yet its usefulness is limited by serious side effects. In this study, we converted bleomycin into a prodrug by covalently linking 2-sulfo, 9 fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMS) to the primary amino side chain of bleomycin. FMS-bleomycin lost its efficacy to bind transition metal ions and therefore was converted into an inactive derivative. Upon incubation in vitro under physiological conditions, the FMS-moiety undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis, generating native bleomycin possessing full anti-bacterial potency. FMS hydrolysis and reactivation takes place with a t1/2 value of 17 ± 1 h. In silico simulation predicts a narrow therapeutic window in human patients of seven hours, starting 40 min after administration. In mice, close agreement was obtained between the experimental and the simulated pharmacokinetic profiles for FMS-bleomycin. FMS-bleomycin is thus shown to be a classical prodrug: it is inactive at the time of administration and the non-modified (active) bleomycin is released with a desirable pharmacokinetic profile following administration, suggesting it may have therapeutic value in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.
| | - Dana Atrakchi
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Michael D Walker
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Amnon Horovitz
- Department of Structural Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yoram Shechter
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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27
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Protein Misfolding and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chronic Lung Disease: Will Cell-Specific Targeting Be the Key to the Cure? Chest 2019; 157:1207-1220. [PMID: 31778676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung disease accounts for a significant global burden with respect to death, disability, and health-care costs. Due to the heterogeneous nature and limited treatment options for these diseases, it is imperative that the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the disease pathophysiology are further understood. The lung is a complex organ with a diverse cell population, and each cell type will likely have different roles in disease initiation, progression, and resolution. The effectiveness of a given therapeutic agent may depend on the net effect on each of these cell types. Over the past decade, it has been established that endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response are involved in the development of several chronic lung diseases. These conserved cellular pathways are important for maintaining cellular proteostasis, but their aberrant activation can result in pathology. This review discusses the current understanding of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response at the cellular level in the development and progression of various chronic lung diseases. We highlight the need for increased understanding of the specific cellular contributions of unfolded protein response activation to these pathologies and suggest that the development of cell-specific targeted therapies is likely required to further decrease disease progression and to promote resolution of chronic lung disease.
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28
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Chen YC, Chen BC, Huang HM, Lin SH, Lin CH. Activation of PERK in ET-1- and thrombin-induced pulmonary fibroblast differentiation: Inhibitory effects of curcumin. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15977-15988. [PMID: 30825198 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the role of PKR-like endoplasmic reticular kinase (PERK), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress kinase, in endothelin 1 (ET-1)- and thrombin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and the preventive effects of curcumin (CUR). Using the human embryonic WI-38 lung fibroblast cell line, ET-1 and thrombin induced the expression of ER stress-related proteins (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, PERK, and binding immunoglobulin protein), a profibrogenic factor (cellular communication network factor 2 [CCN2]), and differentiation markers including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I (Col I), and Col IV. Knockdown of PERK expression via small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly reduced the increases in CCN2, α-SMA, Col I, and Col IV proteins in WI-38 cells according to western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was observed in ET-1- and thrombin-treated WI-38 cells, and the addition of a JNK inhibitor (SP) suppressed the induction of the indicated proteins by ET-1 and thrombin. Thapsigargin (TG), an ER stress inducer, elevated expressions of PERK and ER stress-related proteins with increased differentiation of WI-38 cells. Knockdown of PERK by siRNA or the PERK inhibitor glycogen synthesis kinase reduced expressions of the differentiation markers, α-SMA and Col IV, in WI-38 cells. CUR concentration-dependently inhibited ET-1- or thrombin-induced CCN2, α-SMA, and vimentin proteins with decreased levels of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase and PERK in WI-38 cells. An in vivo bleomycin-induced PF study showed that an intraperitoneal injection of CUR (30 mg/kg) reduced expressions of α-SMA, CCN2, Col IV, and vimentin in lung tissues via IHC staining using specific antibodies. This study is the first to demonstrate that PERK activation contributes to pulmonary fibroblast differentiation elicited by ET-1 or thrombin, and the inhibitory activity of CUR against PF is demonstrated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Research Center and Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Chang Chen
- International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Mei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Hua Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Huang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Zheng Q, Tong M, Ou B, Liu C, Hu C, Yang Y. Isorhamnetin protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:117-126. [PMID: 30387812 PMCID: PMC6257865 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine whether isorhamnetin (Isor), a natural antioxidant polyphenol, has antifibrotic effects in a murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. A C57 mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis was established by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of bleomycin (3.5 U/kg), and then Isor (10 and 30 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically. The level of fibrosis was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red staining. α-smooth muscle actin and type I collagen levels in lung tissues were determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and related signaling pathways were examined by western blotting and IHC. In vitro, human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and A549 cells were treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 with or without Isor, and collagen deposition and the expression levels of EMT- and ERS-related genes or proteins were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The results demonstrated that Isor inhibited bleomycin-induced collagen deposition, reduced type I collagen and α-SMA expression, and alleviated EMT and ERS in vivo. Furthermore, incubation of HBECs and A549 cells with TGFβ1 activated EMT and ERS, and this effect was reversed by Isor. In conclusion, Isor treatment attenuated bleomycin-induced EMT and pulmonary fibrosis and suppressed bleomycin-induced ERS and the activation of PERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Baiqing Ou
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Cuizhong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Changping Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Chen DQ, Feng YL, Cao G, Zhao YY. Natural Products as a Source for Antifibrosis Therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:937-952. [PMID: 30268571 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although fibrosis is a final pathological feature of many chronic diseases, few interventions are available that specifically target the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Natural products are becoming increasingly recognized as effective therapies for fibrosis. The highlights of common cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis facilitate the discovery of effective antifibrotic drugs. We describe some new profibrotic mechanisms and corresponding therapeutic targets using natural products. Interleukin, ephrin-B2, Gas6/TAM, Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog pathway, PPARγ, lysophosphatidic acid, and CTGF are promising therapeutic targets. Natural products can target these mediators and inhibit chronic inflammation, myofibroblast activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix accumulation to alleviate fibrosis. Of note, natural products have the potential to inhibit fibrosis in one organ, simultaneously targeting fibrosis in multiple other organs, which provides us new strategies to find antifibrotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qian Chen
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Yang ZB, Chen WW, Chen HP, Cai SX, Lin JD, Qiu LZ. MiR-155 aggravated septic liver injury by oxidative stress-mediated ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction via targeting Nrf-2. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:387-394. [PMID: 30218645 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver is uniquely vulnerable during sepsis. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is confirmed to play crucial roles in septic liver injury. The present study aims to investigate the mechanisms of miR-155 in septic liver injury. METHODS The sepsis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Mice were divided into four groups: Vehicle, miR-155 antagomir, LPS, LPS+ miR-155 antagomir. The survival rate and body weight were monitored. Liver injury was assessed by H&E staining. The levels of serum ALT and inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA kits. Oxidative stress was detected by MDA and SOD detection kits. The miR-155, Nrf-2, and markers related to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial injury and apoptosis were detected by western blotting and qPCR. Apoptosis in liver tissues was detected by TUNELstaining. RESULTS MiR-155 antagomir alleviated liver injury as evidenced by enhancing survival rate and body weight, inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration, liver cells necrosis and decreasing ALT level. The productions of TNF-α, IL-6 were suppressed, while anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was promoted by miR-155 antagomir. Oxidative stress was inhibited by miR-155 antagomir via enhancing nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf-2) expression. ER stress and Cytochrome C (Cyto-C) release were restrained by miR-155 antagomir. Sepsis-induced apoptosis was repressed by miR-155 antagomir as manifested by the decreased levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-12, 9 and 3, and increased levels of Bcl-2 and uncleaved PARP. CONCLUSION MiR-155 antagomir relieved septic liver injury through inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis via targeting Nrf-2, suggesting miR-155 as a therapeutic target for septic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Bin Yang
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Wen-Wen Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Hui-Ping Chen
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Shu-Xian Cai
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Jian-Dong Lin
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.
| | - Lu-Zhen Qiu
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou 363000, China.
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Qian W, Cai X, Qian Q, Zhang W, Wang D. Astragaloside IV modulates TGF-β1-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4354-4365. [PMID: 29971947 PMCID: PMC6111865 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Astragaloside IV (ASV), a natural saponin from astragalus membranaceus, has shown anti‐fibrotic property in bleomycin (BLM)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis. The current study was undertaken to determine whether EMT was involved in the beneficial of ASV against BLM‐induced pulmonary fibrosis and to elucidate its potential mechanism. As expected, in BLM‐induced IPF, ASV exerted protective effects on pulmonary fibrosis and ASV significantly reversed BLM‐induced EMT. Intriguing, transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) was found to be up‐regulated, whereas Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) was hyperphosphorylated and less expressed. However, ASV treatment inhibited increased TGF‐β1 and activated FOXO3a in lung tissues. TGF‐β1 was administered to alveolar epithelial cells A549 to induce EMT in vitro. Meanwhile, stimulation with TGF‐β1‐activated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway and induced FOXO3a hyperphosphorylated and down‐regulated. It was found that overexpression of FOXO3a leading to the suppression of TGF‐β1‐induced EMT. Moreover, ASV treatment, similar with the TGF‐β1 or PI3K/Akt inhibitor, reverted these cellular changes and inhibited EMT in A549 cells. Collectively, the results suggested that ASV significantly inhibited TGF‐β1/PI3K/Akt‐induced FOXO3a hyperphosphorylation and down‐regulation to reverse EMT during the progression of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Qian
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinrui Cai
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuhai Qian
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Chen ACH, Burr L, McGuckin MA. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in respiratory disease. Clin Transl Immunology 2018; 7:e1019. [PMID: 29928501 PMCID: PMC5999202 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are related states that can occur in cells as part of normal physiology but occur frequently in diseases involving inflammation. In this article, we review recent findings relating to the role of oxidative and ER stress in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic nonmalignant diseases of the lung, including infections, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asthma. We also explore the potential of drugs targeting oxidative and ER stress pathways to alleviate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C-H Chen
- Diamantina Institute Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Department of Cell and Molecular Therapy Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Lucy Burr
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Mater Adult Hospital and Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Raymond Tce, South Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Michael A McGuckin
- Inflammatory Disease Biology and Therapeutics Group Translational Research Institute Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
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Ding L, Zhu C, Yu F, Wu P, Chen G, Ullah A, Wang K, Sun M, Li J, Oupický D. Pulmonary delivery of polyplexes for combined PAI-1 gene silencing and CXCR4 inhibition to treat lung fibrosis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1765-1776. [PMID: 29777878 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the development of polyplexes based on CXCR4-inhibiting poly(ethylenimine) derivative (PEI-C) for pulmonary delivery of siRNA to silence plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (siPAI-1) as a new combination treatment of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Safety and delivery efficacy of the PEI-C/siPAI-1 polyplexes was investigated in vitro in primary lung fibroblasts isolated from mice with bleomycin-induced PF. Biodistribution analysis following intratracheal administration of fluorescently labeled polyplexes showed prolonged retention in the lungs. Treatment of mice with bleomycin-induced PF using the PEI-C/siPAI-1 polyplexes resulted in a significant down-regulation of the PAI-1 expression and decreased collagen deposition in the lung. The results of this study provide first evidence of the potential benefits of combined inhibition of CXCR4 and PAI-1 in the pulmonary treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pengkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aftab Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupický
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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