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The Role of Selected Trace Elements in Oxidoreductive Homeostasis in Patients with Thyroid Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054840. [PMID: 36902266 PMCID: PMC10003705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired levels of selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and iodine (I) in the organism may adversely affect the thyroid endocrine system. These trace elements play a role in the fight against oxidative stress as components of enzymes. Oxidative-antioxidant imbalance is considered a possible factor in many pathological conditions, including various thyroid diseases. In the available literature, there are few scientific studies showing a direct correlation of the effect of supplementation of trace elements on slowing down or preventing the occurrence of thyroid diseases in combination with the improvement of the antioxidant profile, or through the action of these elements as antioxidants. Among the available studies, it has been shown that an increase in lipid peroxidation levels and a decrease in the overall antioxidant defense status occur during such thyroid diseases as thyroid cancer, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and dysthyroidism. In studies in which trace elements were supplemented, the following were observed: a decrease in the level of malondialdehyde after supplementation with Zn during hypothyroidism and reduction in the malondialdehyde level after Se supplementation with a simultaneous increase in the total activity status and activity of antioxidant defense enzymes in the course of autoimmune thyroiditis. This systematic review aimed to present the current state of knowledge about the relationship between trace elements and thyroid diseases in terms of oxidoreductive homeostasis.
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Margetaki K, Vafeiadi M, Kampouri M, Roumeliotaki T, Karakosta P, Daraki V, Kogevinas M, Hu H, Kippler M, Chatzi L. Associations of exposure to cadmium, antimony, lead and their mixture with gestational thyroid homeostasis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117905. [PMID: 34371266 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining thyroid homeostasis during pregnancy is vital for fetal development. The few studies that have investigated associations between metal exposure and gestational thyroid function have yielded mixed findings. To evaluate the association of exposure to a mixture of toxic metals with thyroid parameters in 824 pregnant women from the Rhea birth cohort in Crete, Greece. Concentrations of three toxic metals [cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb), lead (Pb)] and iodine were measured in urine using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and thyroid hormones [Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and free triiodothyronine (fT3)] were measured in serum in early pregnancy. Associations of individual metals with thyroid parameters were assessed using adjusted regression models, while associations of the metal mixture with thyroid parameters were assessed using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR).Women with high (3rd tertile) concentrations of urinary Cd, Sb and Pb, respectively, had 13.3 % (95%CI: 2.0 %, 23.2 %), 12.5 % (95%CI: 1.8 %, 22.0 %) and 16.0 % (95%CI: 5.7 %, 25.2 %) lower TSH compared to women with low concentrations (2nd and 1st tertile). In addition, women with high urinary Cd had 2.2 % (95%CI: 0.0 %, 4.4 %) higher fT4 and 4.0 % (95%CI: -0.1 %, 8.1 %) higher fT3 levels, and women with high urinary Pb had 4 % (95%CI: 0.2 %, 8.0 %) higher fT3 levels compared to women with low exposure. The negative association of Cd with TSH persisted only when iodine sufficiency was unfavorable. BKMR attested that simultaneous exposure to toxic metals was associated with decreased TSH and increased fT3 and revealed a potential synergistic interaction of Cd and Pb in association with TSH. The present results suggest that exposure to toxic metals even at low levels can alter gestational thyroid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Margetaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Mariza Kampouri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Karakosta
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Daraki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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Cai QL, Peng DJ, Lin-Zhao, Chen JW, Yong-Li, Luo HL, Ou SY, Huang ML, Jiang YM. Impact of Lead Exposure on Thyroid Status and IQ Performance among School-age Children Living Nearby a Lead-Zinc Mine in China. Neurotoxicology 2020; 82:177-185. [PMID: 33115663 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead exposure is one of the most concerning public health problems worldwide, particularly among children. Yet the impact of chronic lead exposure on the thyroid status and related intelligence quotient performance among school-age children remained elusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of lead exposure on the thyroid hormones, amino acid neurotransmitters balances, and intelligence quotient (IQ) among school-age children living nearby a lead-zinc mining site. Other factors such as rice lead levels, mothers' smoking behavior, and diet intake were also investigated. METHODS A total of 255 children aged 7-12 years old were recruited in this study. Blood lead level (BLL), thyroid hormones including free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and amino acid neurotransmitters such as glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS), chemiluminescence immunoassay, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Raven's standard progressive matrices (SPM) and the questionnaire were used to determine IQ and collect related influence factors. RESULTS The average BLL of children was 84.8 μg/L. The occurrence of lead intoxication (defined as the BLL ≥ 100 μg/L) was 31.8%. Serum TSH levels and IQ of lead-intoxicated children were significantly lower than those without lead toxicity. The GABA level of girls with the lead intoxication was higher than those with no lead-exposed group. Correlation analyses revealed that BLL were inversely associated with the serum TSH levels (R= -0.186, p < 0.05), but positively related with IQ grades (R = 0.147, p < 0.05). Moreover, BLL and Glu were inversely correlated with IQ. In addition, this study revealed four factors that may contribute to the incidence of lead intoxication among children, including the frequency of mother smoking (OR = 3.587, p < 0.05) and drinking un-boiled stagnant tap water (OR = 3.716, p < 0.05); eating fresh fruits and vegetables (OR = 0.323, p < 0.05) and soy products regularly (OR = 0.181, p < 0.05) may protect against lead intoxication. CONCLUSION Lead exposure affects the serum TSH, GABA levels and IQ of school-aged children. Developing good living habits, improving environment, increasing the intake of high-quality protein and fresh vegetable and fruit may improve the condition of lead intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ling Cai
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong-Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin-Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing-Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Public Health Office, Wuhan First Hospital, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Yong-Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Wanzhou District Health Committee, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Hai-Lan Luo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shi-Yan Ou
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming-Li Huang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yue-Ming Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Rezaei M, Javadmoosavi SY, Mansouri B, Azadi NA, Mehrpour O, Nakhaee S. Thyroid dysfunction: how concentration of toxic and essential elements contribute to risk of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:35787-35796. [PMID: 31701424 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the levels of trace metals Fe, Cr, Co, Cd, Cu, Ni, Hg, Zn, and Pb in healthy individuals and patients with thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and cancerous). The serum levels of 110 participants living in Birjand City, east of Iran, were collected and analyzed using ICP-MS (Agilent 7900). Results showed that the concentration levels of Cr, Co, Zn, Cd, and Pb were significantly higher at case-patients (p < 0.05), but the levels of Fe, Ni, and Hg were similar between healthy and patient subjects (p > 0.05). In patients with high or low thyroid activity, strong mutual correlations between Cr, Ni, and Fe were noticeable (p < 0.05). In hypothyroid patients, no significant correlation between Zn and Hg, Co, and Cd was found, but Zn was moderately and positively correlated with other trace metals. The moderate negative correlations between Cd-Cr (p = - 0.46) and Cd-Fe (p = - 0.43) were also observed. Logistic regression analysis showed that the effect of Cr, Co, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd was significant in developing hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism; whereas, in patients with thyroid cancer, the effect of Cr, Cd, and Pb was found to be significant. In conclusion, our findings suggest that toxic metals such as Pb, Cd, and Cr can increase the risk of developing hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer, but more research is needed to evaluate the potential toxicity mechanisms of Pb, Cd, and Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezaei
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Nammam Ali Azadi
- Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Changing levels of selenium and zinc in cadmium-exposed workers: probable association with the intensity of inflammation. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5455-5464. [PMID: 31364019 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a response mediated by multiple cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. Cadmium (Cd) has been involved in the etiopathogenesis of many diseases via inflammation. Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) play a pivotal role in maintaining many physiological functions of cells as well as inhibiting Cd-induced cytotoxicity. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Se and Zn in cadmium-exposed workers by measuring the levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α cytokines in 68 control and 91 Cd-exposed subjects. Blood samples were obtained from each participant for immunological, toxicological and routine analysis. All samples were digested by microwave oven and analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α cytokine levels were found to be statistically different (p < 0.001) between the control and Cd-exposed groups (23.50 ± 7.70 pg/mL vs. 69.05 ± 19.06 pg/mL; 28.61 ± 9.83 pg/mL vs. 51.79 ± 11.77 pg/mL; 3.44 ± 1.14 pg/mL vs. 5.79 ± 1.04 pg/mL, respectively). High positive correlations were found between Cd levels of participants and IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and CRP levels (r = 0.568, r = 0.615, r = 0.614 and r = 0.296, respectively, p < 0.01). In terms of the regression analysis results, there were significant effects of Cd on IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α levels (p < 0.05). The Cd, Zn and Se levels between control and exposed group were significantly different [0.26 ± 0.15 µg/L vs. 3.36 ± 1.80 µg/L; 143.91 ± 71.13 µg/dL vs. 121.09 ± 59.88 µg/dL; 92.98 ± 17.03 µg/L vs. 82.72 ± 34.46 µg/L (p < 0.001, p < 0.03, p < 0.015), respectively]. In conclusion, increasing levels of Se and Zn decreases the intensity of inflammation as measured by IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α levels.
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Ou CY, He YH, Sun Y, Yang L, Shi WX, Li SJ. Effects of Sub-Acute Manganese Exposure on Thyroid Hormone and Glutamine (Gln)/Glutamate (Glu)-γ- Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Cycle in Serum of Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122157. [PMID: 31216744 PMCID: PMC6616488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive manganese (Mn) exposure may adversely affect the central nervous system, and cause an extrapyramidal disorder known as manganism. The glutamine (Gln)/glutamate (Glu)-γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) cycle and thyroid hormone system may be involved in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. However, the effect of Mn on the Gln/Glu-GABA cycle in the serum has not been reported. Herein, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of sub-acute Mn exposure on the Gln/Glu-GABA cycle and thyroid hormones levels in the serum of rats, as well as their relationship. The results showed that sub-acute Mn exposure increased serum Mn levels with a correlation coefficient of 0.733. Furthermore, interruption of the Glu/Gln-GABA cycle in serum was found in Mn-exposed rats, as well as thyroid hormone disorder in the serum via increasing serum Glu levels, and decreasing serum Gln, GABA, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels. Additionally, results of partial correlation showed that there was a close relationship between serum Mn levels and the detected indicators accompanied with a positive association between GABA and T3 levels, as well as Gln and T4 levels in the serum of Mn-exposed rats. Unexpectedly, there was no significant correlation between serum Glu and the serum T3 and T4 levels. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that both the Glu/Gln-GABA cycle and thyroid hormone system in the serum may play a potential role in Mn-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Thyroid hormone levels, T3 and T4, have a closer relationship with GABA and Gln levels, respectively, in the serum of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yan Ou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yong-Hua He
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Wen-Xiang Shi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Shao-Jun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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