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Reimold P, Tosev G, Kaczorowski A, Friedhoff J, Schwab C, Schütz V, Görtz M, Panzer N, Heller M, Aksoy C, Himmelsbach R, Walle T, Zschäbitz S, Jäger D, Duensing A, Stenzinger A, Hohenfellner M, Duensing S. PD-L1 as a Urine Biomarker in Renal Cell Carcinoma-A Case Series and Proof-of-Concept Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:741. [PMID: 38611655 PMCID: PMC11011373 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the most lethal urologic malignancies once metastatic. Current treatment approaches for metastatic RCC (mRCC) involve immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target the PD-L1/PD-1 axis. High PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue has been identified as a negative prognostic factor in RCC. However, the role of PD-L1 as a liquid biomarker has not yet been fully explored. Herein, we analyze urine levels of PD-L1 in mRCC patients before and after either ICI therapy or surgical intervention, as well as in a series of patients with treatment-naïve RCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS The mid-stream urine of patients with mRCC (n = 4) or treatment-naïve RCC, i.e., prior to surgery from two centers (cohort I, n = 49: cohort II, n = 29) was analyzed for PD-L1 by ELISA. The results from cohort I were compared to a control group consisting of patients treated for non-malignant urologic diseases (n = 31). In the mRCC group, urine PD-L1 levels were measured before and after tumor nephrectomy (n = 1) or before and after ICI therapy (n = 3). Exosomal PD-L1 in the urine was analyzed in selected patients by immunoblotting. RESULTS A strong decrease in urine PD-L1 levels was found after tumor nephrectomy or following systemic treatment with ICIs. In patients with treatment-naïve RCC (cohort I), urine PD-L1 levels were significantly elevated in the RCC group in comparison to the control group (median 59 pg/mL vs. 25.7 pg/mL, p = 0.011). PD-L1 urine levels were found to be elevated, in particular, in low-grade RCCs in cohorts I and II. Exosomal PD-L1 was detected in the urine of a subset of patients. CONCLUSION In this proof-of-concept study, we show that PD-L1 can be detected in the urine of RCC patients. Urine PD-L1 levels were found to correlate with the treatment response in mRCC patients and were significantly elevated in treatment-naïve RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Reimold
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georgi Tosev
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam Kaczorowski
- Molecular Urooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Friedhoff
- Molecular Urooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantin Schwab
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Schütz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Görtz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Panzer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Heller
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cem Aksoy
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruth Himmelsbach
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Walle
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Zschäbitz
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anette Duensing
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Precision Oncology of Urological Malignancies, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hohenfellner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Urooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Loacker L, Egger A, Fux V, Bellmann-Weiler R, Weiss G, Griesmacher A, Hoermann G, Ratzinger F, Haslacher H, Schrezenmeier H, Anliker M. Serum sPD-L1 levels are elevated in patients with viral diseases, bacterial sepsis or in patients with impaired renal function compared to healthy blood donors. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:2248-2255. [PMID: 37401452 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune checkpoints play an important role in maintaining the balance of the immune system and in the development of autoimmune diseases. A central checkpoint molecule is the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1, CD279) which is typically located on the surface of T cells. Its primary ligand PD-L1 is expressed on antigen presenting cells and on cancer cells. Several variants of PD-L1 exist, among these soluble molecules (sPD-L1) present in serum at low concentrations. sPD-L1 was found elevated in cancer and several other diseases. sPD-L1 in infectious diseases has received relatively little attention so far and is therefore subject of this study. METHODS sPD-L1 serum levels were determined in 170 patients with viral infections (influenza, varicella, measles, Dengue fever, SARS-CoV2) or bacterial sepsis by ELISA and compared to the levels obtained in 11 healthy controls. RESULTS Patients with viral infections and bacterial sepsis generally show significantly higher sPD-L1 serum levels compared to healthy donors, except for varicella samples where results do not reach significance. sPD-L1 is increased in patients with impaired renal function compared to those with normal renal function, and sPD-L1 correlates significantly with serum creatinine. Among sepsis patients with normal renal function, sPD-L1 serum levels are significantly higher in Gram-negative sepsis compared to Gram-positive sepsis. In addition, in sepsis patients with impaired renal function, sPD-L1 correlates positively with ferritin and negatively with transferrin. CONCLUSIONS sPD-L1 serum levels are significantly elevated in patients with sepsis, influenza, mesasles, Dengue fever or SARS-CoV2. Highest levels are detectable in patients with measles and Dengue fever. Also impaired renal function causes an increase in levels of sPD-L1. As a consequence, renal function has to be taken into account in the interpretation of sPD-L1 levels in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorin Loacker
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Egger
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vilmos Fux
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Anliker
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
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Li S, Yi L, Wei X, Zhang J, Wang X, Jiang C, Yan Z, Song L, Yang B, Wei P, Gao X, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhang J. Soluble programmed cell death-ligand 1 as a new potential biomarker associated with acute coronary syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:971414. [PMID: 36119741 PMCID: PMC9478490 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.971414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSoluble programmed cell death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) has been well documented to activate immunosuppression and is considered an essential predictor of negative clinical outcomes for several malignances and inflammatory conditions. However, the clinical significance of sPD-L1 in the peripheral blood of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the correlations of sPD-L1 with clinical features in CAD patients and evaluate the diagnostic value of this protein in CAD.MethodsA total of 111 CAD patients and 97 healthy volunteers who served as healthy controls (HCs) were consecutively enrolled. Plasma levels of sPD-L1 were measured with an amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and hs-CRP was measured with a C-reactive protein assay kit. The levels of other inflammatory cytokines were assessed in 88 CAD patients and 47 HCs by a multiparameter immunoluminescence flow cytometry detection technique. A logistic regression model was used to assess the independent association of sPD-L1 with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The correlation between sPD-L1 and inflammatory cytokines in ACS was also assessed.ResultsPlasma levels of sPD-L1 were significantly increased in CAD patients, especially those with ACS. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sPD-L1 (OR: 3.382, 95% CI: 2.249–5.084, p < 0.001), BMI, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, previous MI, and the levels of HDL-C, LDL-C and hs-CRP were significantly associated with ACS. sPD-L1 (OR: 3.336, 95% CI: 1.084–6.167, p = 0.001) was found to be independently and significantly associated with ACS in the subsequent multivariable logistic regression analysis. Additionally, elevated plasma sPD-L1 levels were associated with increased interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in ACS patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the AUC of sPD-L1 for diagnosing ACS was 0.778, with a sensitivity of 73.9% and a specificity of 73.4%, which was comparable with that of the inflammatory biomarker hs-CRP.ConclusionThe plasma sPD-L1 level reflects the severity of CAD, is associated with inflammatory responses and is a potential new biomarker for the diagnosis of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Li
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiqing Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaojue Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuohong Yan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Song
- Tumor Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Panjian Wei
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongtao Zhang,
| | - Jian Zhang
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Jian Zhang,
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4
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Gershtein ES, Korotkova EA, Vorotnikov IK, Sokolov NY, Ermilova VD, Mochalova AS, Kushlinskii NE. Soluble forms of PD-1/PD-L immune checkpoint receptor and ligand in blood serum of breast cancer patients: association with clinical pathologic factors and molecular type of the tumor. Klin Lab Diagn 2022; 67:76-80. [PMID: 35192751 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-2-76-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the soluble forms of PD-1/PD-L immune checkpoint receptor and ligand (sPD-1 and sPD-L1) in pretreatment blood serum of 88 breast cancer patients at various disease stages aged 30-83 years are presented. The control group included 55 practically healthy women aged 19-82 years. Serum sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels in breast cancer patients highly significantly (p<0.0001) differ from control and these changes are opposite: soluble receptor level is more than 6-fold decreased, while soluble ligand concentration - 5.5 fold increased. Both markers separately, as well as their ratio demonstrate very high sensitivity (94-100%) and specificity (95-100%) in relation to healthy control. No statistically significant associations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels with clinical stage, individual TNM system criteria, tumor histological structure, grade, receptor status, and molecular type were established. In particular, no significant peculiarities of the markers' levels in triple negative breast cancer successfully treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 preparations were revealed. Long-term follow-up and dynamic studies of sPD-1 and sPD-L1serum levels in the course of treatment are required for evaluation of their independent from clinical and morphological factors prognostic significance and the possibility of application as low invasive tests for prediction and monitoring of corresponding targeted therapy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E A Korotkova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - I K Vorotnikov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - N Yu Sokolov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - V D Ermilova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A S Mochalova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - N E Kushlinskii
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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Soluble Levels of CD163, PD-L1, and IL-10 in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020336. [PMID: 35204426 PMCID: PMC8871202 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD163+ M2 macrophages have been suggested to counteract tumor immunity by increasing immunosuppressive mechanisms including PD-L1 and IL-10 expression. Soluble levels of PD-L1, IL-10, and CD163 have been reported as potential biomarkers in various cancers, although the prognostic value in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has to be further elucidated. In the present study, we measured the levels of sPD-L1, sIL-10, and sCD163 in 144 blood samples from patients with RCC. The levels were determined by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Soluble PD-L1 and CD163 were detectable in 100% of the serum samples, and sCD163 in 22% of the urine samples, while only a minority of the samples had detectable sIL-10. Significantly higher serum levels of sPD-L1 and sCD163 were observed in patients with metastatic disease (p < 0.05). The results also showed that patients with high levels of sPD-L1 in serum had shorter cancer-specific survival compared with patients with low levels (p = 0.002). The results indicate that sPD-L1 most significantly reflects tumor progression in RCC.
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Ying H, Zhang X, Duan Y, Lao M, Xu J, Yang H, Liang T, Bai X. Non-cytomembrane PD-L1: An atypical target for cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105741. [PMID: 34174446 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has conventionally been considered as a type I transmembrane protein that can interact with its receptor, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), thus inducing T cell deactivation and immune escape. However, targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has achieved adequate clinical responses in very few specific malignancies. Recent studies have explored the extracellularly and subcellularly located PD-L1, namely, nuclear PD-L1 (nPD-L1), cytoplasmic PD-L1 (cPD-L1), soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1), and extracellular vesicle PD-L1 (EV PD-L1), which might shed light on the resistance to anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy. In this review, we summarize the four atypical localizations of PD-L1 with a focus on their novel functions, such as gene transcription regulation, therapeutic efficacy prediction, and resistance to various cancer therapies. Additionally, we highlight that non-cytomembrane PD-L1s are of significant cancer diagnostic value and are promising therapeutic targets to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Ying
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyi Lao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanshen Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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Fu R, Jing CQ, Li XR, Tan ZF, Li HJ. Prognostic Significance of Serum PD-L1 Level in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Combination Cytotoxic Chemotherapy. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:4935-4946. [PMID: 34188546 PMCID: PMC8232859 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s312690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are no useful biomarkers for the clinical outcome of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in serum of patients with locally advanced or metastatic ESCC who received cytotoxic chemotherapy as first-line treatment. Materials and Methods This study evaluated the expression pattern of PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry and sPD-L1 concentration, and correlation with clinicopathological factors and overall survival (OS) in 190 patients with ESCC. Results sPD-L1 concentration was highly expressed in ESCC, especially in female patients. Patients with a high sPD-L1 level (≥0.63 ng/mL) had a shorter OS than those with a low sPD-L1 level (<0.63 ng/mL). In a multivariate analysis, high sPD-L1 concentration remained an independent prognostic factor of OS after adjustment for possible confounders. However, tissue PD-L1 expression level was non-prognostic in this study. Conclusion There was no significant correlation between serum sPD-L1 concentration and tissue PD-L1 expression level. sPD-L1 concentration before treatment could be an effective and convenient biomarker of prognosis in patients with locally advanced or metastatic ESCC treated with combination cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- Clinical Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Qing Jing
- Clinical Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Rong Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Feng Tan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jie Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Krafft U, Olah C, Reis H, Kesch C, Darr C, Grünwald V, Tschirdewahn S, Hadaschik B, Horvath O, Kenessey I, Nyirady P, Varadi M, Modos O, Csizmarik A, Szarvas T. High Serum PD-L1 Levels Are Associated with Poor Survival in Urothelial Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112548. [PMID: 34067347 PMCID: PMC8196869 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum PD-L1 (sPD-L1) levels are associated with prognosis in various tumors but has not yet been investigated in advanced bladder cancer. We assessed pretreatment serum samples from 83 BC patients who received platinum chemotherapy and from 12 patients who underwent immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. In addition, on-treatment samples from further therapy cycles were collected during chemotherapy (n = 58) and ICI therapy (n = 11). Serum PD-L1 levels were determined using ELISA. High baseline sPD-L1 levels were associated with worse ECOG status (p = 0.007) and shorter overall survival for both chemotherapy- and ICI-treated patients (p = 0.002 and p = 0.040, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed high baseline sPD-L1 level as an independent predictor of poor survival for platinum-treated patients (p = 0.002). A correlation analysis between serum concentrations of PD-L1 and matrix metalloprotease-7 (MMP-7)-a protease which was recently found to cleave PD-L1-revealed a positive correlation (p = 0.001). No significant sPD-L1 changes were detected during chemotherapy, while in contrast we found a strong, 25-fold increase in sPD-L1 levels during atezolizumab treatment. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that pretreatment sPD-L1 levels are associated with a poor prognosis of BC patients undergoing platinum and ICI therapy. Future research should prospectively address the value of sPD-L1 in predicting treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Krafft
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.K.); (C.O.); (C.K.); (C.D.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Csilla Olah
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.K.); (C.O.); (C.K.); (C.D.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Claudia Kesch
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.K.); (C.O.); (C.K.); (C.D.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Christopher Darr
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.K.); (C.O.); (C.K.); (C.D.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Viktor Grünwald
- Clinic for Urology and Clinic for Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Stephan Tschirdewahn
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.K.); (C.O.); (C.K.); (C.D.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Boris Hadaschik
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.K.); (C.O.); (C.K.); (C.D.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Orsolya Horvath
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Istvan Kenessey
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary;
- National Cancer Registry and Centre for Biostatistics, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Nyirady
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.N.); (M.V.); (O.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Melinda Varadi
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.N.); (M.V.); (O.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Orsolya Modos
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.N.); (M.V.); (O.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Anita Csizmarik
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.N.); (M.V.); (O.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Tibor Szarvas
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.K.); (C.O.); (C.K.); (C.D.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.N.); (M.V.); (O.M.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-4547
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9
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Kushlinskii NE, Gershtein ES, Chang VL, Korotkova EA, Alferov AA, Kontorshchikov MM, Sokolov NY, Karamysheva EI, Ognerubov NA, Stilidi IS. Prognostic significance of soluble forms of immune checkpoint PD-1/PDL1 receptor and ligand in blood plasma of gastric cancer patients. Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:139-146. [PMID: 33793112 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-3-139-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of long-term treatment results of 101 primary gastric cancer patients at various stages of the tumor process followed during 1 - 41 months (median - 6,4 months) from the onset of specific treatment are presented depending on the levels of soluble forms (s) of PD-1 receptor and its ligand PD-L1 in blood plasma. Overall survival assessed by Kaplan-Meyer analysis and with the help of Cox multiparametric regression model was applied as the criterion of prognostic value. It was found that at high (≥ 35 pg/ml) sPD-L1 levels in blood plasma, the overall survival of patients with gastric cancer was statistically significantly lower than at the marker's levels below 35 pg / ml (p <0.045): 1-year survival comprised 78 and 96%, 2-year - 52 and 78%; 3-year - 40 and 61% at high and low sPD-L1 respectively. Median survival of patients with high plasma sPD-L1 comprised 29 months, of those with low sPD-L1 was not achieved during the whole follow-up period. This trend was observed not only in the total group of stage I-IV gastric cancer patients, but also in patients at the early stages of the disease, though sPD-L1 did not show an independent prognostic value in multiparametric model. At the same time, the overall survival of patients with gastric cancer did not depend on the baseline levels sPD-1 in blood plasma. Thus, soluble ligand sPD-L1 can be considered as a potentially valuable factor for prognosis of gastric cancer patients' survival, and, probably, of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment efficiency, but further studies and patients' monitoring are required to prove this statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Evgenievich Kushlinskii
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.,A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E S Gershtein
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.,A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - V L Chang
- Medical Institute of G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
| | - E A Korotkova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A A Alferov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.,A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | | | - N Yu Sokolov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E I Karamysheva
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - N A Ognerubov
- Medical Institute of G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
| | - I S Stilidi
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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10
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The clinical implication of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in patients with breast cancer and its biological function in regulating the function of T lymphocyte. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2893-2909. [PMID: 33688997 PMCID: PMC8423647 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the clinical prognostic implications and biological function of plasma soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 in breast cancer patients. Plasma sPD-L1 levels of recurrent/metastatic breast cancer patients were determined, and the association of sPD-L1 levels and metastatic progression-free survival and metastatic overall survival was assessed. The PD-L1 expression on breast cancer cells was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the level of sPD-L1 in the supernatant of breast cancer cells was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, the effect of sPD-L1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of T lymphocytes was detected by WST-1 assay and flow cytometry. The plasma sPD-L1 levels in 208 patients with recurrent/metastatic breast cancer before receiving first-line rescue therapy were measured. The optimal cutoff value of plasma sPD-L1 for predicting disease progression was 8.774 ng/ml. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified high sPD-L1 level (≥ 8.774 ng/ml) and visceral metastasis were independent factors associated with poor prognosis. Relevance analysis showed that the plasma sPD-L1 level was weakly associated with some systemic inflammation markers, including white cell count (WBC), absolute monocyte count, and absolute neutrophil count. Furthermore, we found sPD-L1 could be found in supernatant of culture with breast cancer cell line expressing PD-L1 on the cell surface and inhibit T lymphocyte function, playing a negative regulatory role in cellular immunity. sPD-L1 was a good tumor predictive maker in breast cancer and it may play a potentially important role in immune tolerance.
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11
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Montemagno C, Hagege A, Borchiellini D, Thamphya B, Rastoin O, Ambrosetti D, Iovanna J, Rioux-Leclercq N, Porta C, Negrier S, Ferrero JM, Chamorey E, Pagès G, Dufies M. Soluble forms of PD-L1 and PD-1 as prognostic and predictive markers of sunitinib efficacy in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1846901. [PMID: 33299657 PMCID: PMC7714499 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1846901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) benefits from several treatment options in the first-line setting with VEGFR inhibitors and/or immunotherapy including anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD1 agents. Identification of predictive biomarkers is highly needed to optimize patient care. Circulating markers could reflect the biology of metastatic disease. Therefore, we evaluated soluble forms of PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and PD-1 (sPD-1) in mccRCC patients. The levels of sPD-L1 and sPD-1 were evaluated from plasma samples of mccRCC patients before they received a first-line treatment (T0) by the VEGFR inhibitor sunitinib (50 patients) or by the anti-VEGF bevacizumab (37 patients). The levels of sPD-L1 and sPD-1 were correlated to clinical parameters and progression-free survival (PFS). High levels of sPD-1 or sPDL1 were not correlated to PFS under bevacizumab while they were independent prognostic factors of PFS in the sunitinib group. Patients with high T0 plasmatic levels of sPD-L1 had a shorter PFS (11.3 vs 22.5 months, p = .011) in the sunitinib group. Equivalent shorter PFS was found with high levels of sPD-1 (8.6 vs 14.1 months, p = .009). mccRCC patients with high plasmatic levels of sPD-L1 or sPD-1 are poor responders to sunitinib. sPD-L1 or sPD-1 could be a valuable tool to guide the optimal treatment strategy including VEGFR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Montemagno
- Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique De Monaco, principally of Monaco.,Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University Cote d'Azur (UCA), Institute for research on cancer and aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284; INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nic, France.,LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco
| | - Anais Hagege
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University Cote d'Azur (UCA), Institute for research on cancer and aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284; INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nic, France.,LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco
| | - Delphine Borchiellini
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Medical Oncology, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Brice Thamphya
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Statistic, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Olivia Rastoin
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University Cote d'Azur (UCA), Institute for research on cancer and aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284; INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nic, France.,LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) De Nice, Hôpital Pasteur, Central Laboratory of Pathology University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Team Pancreatic Cancer, Centre De Recherche En Cancérologie De Marseille (CRCM), Marseille, France
| | | | - Camillio Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, I.R.C.C.S. San Matteo University Hospital, Pavia, Italy (Present Affiliation: University of Bari 'A. Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Sylvie Negrier
- Centre Léon Bérard, University Hospital De Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ferrero
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Medical Oncology, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Chamorey
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Statistic, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique De Monaco, principally of Monaco.,Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University Cote d'Azur (UCA), Institute for research on cancer and aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284; INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nic, France.,LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco
| | - Maeva Dufies
- Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique De Monaco, principally of Monaco.,LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco
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12
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Kushlinskii NE, Alferov AA, Timofeev YS, Gershtein ES, Bulycheva IV, Bondarev AV, Shchupak MY, Sokolov NY, Polikarpova SB, Efimova MM, Dzampaev AA, Sushentsov EA, Aliev MD, Musaev ER. Key Immune Checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 Signaling Pathway Components in the Blood Serum from Patients with Bone Tumors. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 170:64-68. [PMID: 33231796 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-05005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were analyzed in blood serum of 132 patients (age 14-70 years) with primary bone tumors: osteosarcoma (N=39), chondrosarcoma (N=42), Ewing sarcoma (N=9), chordoma (N=12), giant-cell bone tumor (GCBT) (N=16), benign neoplasms (N=14) and in and practically healthy subjects (age 19-58 years; N=27). sPD-L1 levels in all studied bone neoplasms were significantly higher than in the control. Serum sPD-1 level in GCBT patients was significantly higher than in the control, benign neoplasms, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma patients, but did not differ from osteosarcoma group. sPD-1 concentration in Ewing sarcoma was significantly higher than in chordoma and chondrosarcoma, but did not differ from the control. sPD-1 level in chondrosarcoma patients was also lower than in osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and in the control. Both sPD-1 and sPD-L1 concentrations were not significantly associated with the type of affected bone, process localization, disease stage, tumor histological grade, patients' age and sex. These results suggest the possibility of using these biological markers for preliminary assessment of the character of the process in the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Kushlinskii
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A A Alferov
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu S Timofeev
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Gershtein
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Bulycheva
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Bondarev
- Moscow City Oncological Hospital No. 62, Stepanovo, Moscow region, Russia
| | - M Yu Shchupak
- Moscow City Oncological Hospital No. 62, Stepanovo, Moscow region, Russia
| | - N Yu Sokolov
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - S B Polikarpova
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - M M Efimova
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Dzampaev
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Sushentsov
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M D Aliev
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E R Musaev
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Incorvaia L, Fanale D, Badalamenti G, Porta C, Olive D, De Luca I, Brando C, Rizzo M, Messina C, Rediti M, Russo A, Bazan V, Iovanna JL. Baseline plasma levels of soluble PD-1, PD-L1, and BTN3A1 predict response to nivolumab treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a step toward a biomarker for therapeutic decisions. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1832348. [PMID: 33178494 PMCID: PMC7595592 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1832348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a proportion of renal cancer patients can experiment marked and durable responses to immune-checkpoint inhibitors, the treatment efficacy is widely variable and identifying the patient who will benefit from immunotherapy remains an issue. We performed a prospective study to investigate if soluble forms of the immune-checkpoints PD-1 (sPD-1), PD-L1 (sPD-L1), pan-BTN3As, BTN3A1, and BTN2A1, could be candidate to predict the response to immune-checkpoint blockade therapy. We evaluated the plasma levels in a learning cohort of metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma (mccRCC) patients treated with the anti-PD-1 agent nivolumab by ad hoc developed ELISA’s. Using specific cut-offs determined through ROC curves, we showed that high baseline levels of sPD-1 (>2.11 ng/ml), sPD-L1 (>0.66 ng/ml), and sBTN3A1 (>6.84 ng/ml) were associated with a longer progression-free survival (PFS) to nivolumab treatment [median PFS, levels above thresholds: sPD-1, 20.7 months (p < .0001); sPD-L1, 19 months (p < .0001); sBTN3A1, 17.5 months (p = .002)]. High sPD-1 and sBTN3A1 levels were also associated with best overall response by RECIST and objective response of >20%. The results were confirmed in a validation cohort of 20 mccRCC patients. The analysis of plasma dynamic changes after nivolumab showed a statistically significant decrease of sPD-1 after 2 cycles (Day 28) in the long-responder patients. Our study revealed that the plasma levels of sPD-1, sPD-L1, and sBTN3A1 can predict response to nivolumab, discriminating responders from non-responders already at therapy baseline, with the advantages of non-invasive sample collection and real-time monitoring that allow to evaluate the dynamic changes during cancer evolution and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Incorvaia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.n.d.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Badalamenti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'A.moro' and Division of Oncology, Policlinico Consorziale, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniel Olive
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre De Recherche En Cancérologie De Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Ida De Luca
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Brando
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mimma Rizzo
- Division of Translational Oncology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Messina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Mattia Rediti
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Jules Bordet Institut, L'Université Libre De Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.n.d.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Juan Lucio Iovanna
- Team Pancreatic Cancer, Centre De Recherche En Cancérologie De Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique Et Technologique De Luminy, Marseille, France
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14
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Murakami S, Shibaki R, Matsumoto Y, Yoshida T, Goto Y, Kanda S, Horinouchi H, Fujiwara Y, Yamamoto N, Ohe Y. Association between serum level soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 and prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with anti-PD-1 antibody. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:3585-3595. [PMID: 33108686 PMCID: PMC7705908 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is known to have soluble forms aside from its membrane‐bound forms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive and prognostic values of serum soluble PD‐L1 (sPD‐L1) in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were treated with anti‐PD‐1 antibody. Methods A total of 233 patients were enrolled in this study. We assessed the level of serum sPD‐L1 before anti‐PD‐1 antibody treatment (pembrolizumab or nivolumab) and evaluated the correlation with PD‐L1 expression on tumor cells, the response to anti‐PD‐1 antibody treatment, and patient outcome. Results The median serum sPD‐L1 concentration was 67.7 (range, 25 to 223) pg/mL. A weak correlation between serum sPD‐L1 and tumor PD‐L1 expression was observed. The disease control rate in the high sPD‐L1 group (≥90 pg/mL) was significantly lower than that in the low sPD‐L1 group (<90 pg/mL) (37% vs. 57%, P = 0.0158). The progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the high sPD‐L1 group were significantly shorter than those in the low sPD‐L1 group (median PFS, 57 days vs. 177 days, P = 0.011; median OS, 182 days vs. not reached, P < 0.001). The high level of serum sPD‐L1 was independently associated with a shorter PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.910; P = 0.061) and OS (HR, 2.073; P = 0.034) in multivariate analysis. Conclusions The serum sPD‐L1 level, which was only weakly correlated with the tumor PD‐L1 expression level, was an independent predictive and prognostic biomarker for NSCLC patients receiving anti‐PD‐1 antibody. Key points Significant findings of the study The disease control rate in the high sPD‐L1 group was significantly lower than that in the low sPD‐L1 group. The progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the high sPD‐L1 group were significantly shorter than those in the low sPD‐L1 group. The high level of serum sPD‐L1 was independently associated with a shorter PFS and OS in multivariate analysis. What this study adds This study demonstrated that serum sPD‐L1 level was an independent predictive and prognostic biomarker for NSCLC patients receiving anti‐PD‐1 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Murakami
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Shibaki
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kanda
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehito Horinouchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujiwara
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Yamamoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohe
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Omura Y, Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y, Yin C, Shigemori T, Kusunoki K, Kusunoki Y, Ide S, Shimura T, Fujikawa H, Yasuda H, Hiro J, Ohi M, Kusunoki M. Prognostic impacts of tumoral expression and serum levels of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:2533-2546. [PMID: 32577816 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) play a pivotal role in cancer immunotherapy. Each of these molecules has a membrane-bound receptor form (mPD-L1/mCTLA-4) and a soluble form (sPD-L1/sCTLA-4). However, these prognostic impacts in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. METHODS We immunohistochemically scored tumoral mPD-L1/mCTLA-4 expression and quantified preoperative circulating sPD-L1/sCTLA-4 levels using matched serum specimens from 131 patients with pStage I-III CRC. We also examined the association between these statuses and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in these patients. RESULTS Elevated levels of mPD-L1, mCTLA-4, sPD-L1 and sCTLA-4 were significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Co-high expression of tumoral mPD-L1 and mCTLA-4 or co-elevated levels of serum sPD-L1 and sCTLA-4 were strongly correlated with poor OS and DFS. Multivariate analysis revealed that both statuses were negative independent prognostic factors for OS [hazard ratio (HR) 3.86, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.71-8.51, p = 0.001; HR 5.72, 95% CI 1.87-14.54, p = 0.004, respectively] and DFS (HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.23-4.95, p = 0.01; HR 6.88, 95% CI 2.42-17.13, p = 0.0008, respectively). Although low expression of tumoral mCTLA-4 was significantly correlated with increased CD8(+) TILs, there was no correlation in any other combination. CONCLUSIONS We verified the prognostic impacts of mPD-L1, mCTLA-4, sPD-L1 and sCTLA-4 in pStage I-III CRC patients. Dual evaluation of immune checkpoint molecules in primary tissues or preoperative serum could identify a patient population with poor prognosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Omura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan. .,Department of Genomic Medicine, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan.
| | - Chengzeng Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Shigemori
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kurando Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yukina Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shozo Ide
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tadanobu Shimura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yasuda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Junichiro Hiro
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Liu S, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Meng X, Sun B, Zhang G, Fan Y, Kang X. The Clinical Significance of Soluble Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 (sPD-L1) in Patients With Gliomas. Front Oncol 2020; 10:9. [PMID: 32038986 PMCID: PMC6989542 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in the circulation has been documented to activate global immunosuppression and is considered a predictor of negative clinical outcomes in several malignances. However, the clinical significance of sPD-L1 in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with glioma remains unclear. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the correlations of sPD-L1 with clinical features in brain tumors and assess the diagnostic value of this protein in gliomas. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 73 patients with glioma, 20 patients with meningioma, and 49 healthy controls (HCs) in this study. In total, 31 CSF samples were collected from the matched glioma patients, and seven samples were collected from the matched meningioma patients. The expression of serum sPD-L1 in the glioma cohort was followed for 20 days after surgery to examine the kinetics in the circulation. Inflammatory markers were evaluated based on preoperative blood parameters. The sPD-L1 levels in the serum and CSF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The logistic regression model was used to assess the independent associations of sPD-L1 with gliomas, including high-grade gliomas. Results: Serum and CSF levels of sPD-L1 were significantly elevated in patients with gliomas compared to those with meningiomas and HCs. Additionally, increased levels of sPD-L1 were observed in relatively advanced tumors. sPD-L1 overexpression in the CSF appears to be more representative of aggressive tumor features than overexpression in the serum. For glioma diagnosis, both serum and CSF sPD-L1 showed significant value in the diagnosis and stratification of glioma, and the best diagnostic performance was obtained with serum sPD-L1 rather than blood-based inflammatory markers. In addition, a descending trend in the level of serum sPD-L1 was observed in postoperative patients. Conclusion: In gliomas, elevated circulating and CSF sPD-L1 levels are associated with aggressive biological activities. The results of the current study suggest that sPD-L1 is a promising biomarker for gliomas that can be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Liu
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents and Clinical Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yadi Zhu
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents and Clinical Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents and Clinical Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents and Clinical Research, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents and Clinical Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xixiong Kang
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents and Clinical Research, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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The importance of exosomal PDL1 in tumour immune evasion. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:209-215. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Gershtein ES, Utkin DO, Goryacheva IO, Khulamkhanova MM, Petrikova NA, Vinogradov II, Alferov AA, Stilidi IS, Kushlinskii NE. Soluble forms of immune checkpoint receptor PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 in plasma of patients with ovarian neoplasms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-7-690-698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background:Ovarian cancer is one of the most common oncologic diseases holding the frst place in mortality related to neoplasms of female genitalia. Along with active surgical intervention, contemporary ovarian cancer treatment includes various chemotherapeutic regimens which in many cases are quite effective, but relapse and death rates still remain high. In the recent years, major attention has been paid to the possibility of ovarian cancer immunotherapy associated with the discovery of the so-called “immune checkpoint” signaling, i.e. programmed cell death-1 / programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L) pathway, controlling intensity and duration of autoimmune response at physiologic conditions. Tumor PD-1 and/or PD-L1 expression is being actively studied as a predictor of anti-PD-1/PD-L treatment efficacy; however, this approach has certain limitations and problems that might be probably bypassed by determination of soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and its ligand (sPD-L1) in serum or plasma.Aim:Comparative evaluation of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 content in plasma of healthy women and of patients with benign or borderline ovarian tumors and ovarian cancer, as well as the analysis of associations between these markers and main clinical and pathologic characteristics of ovarian cancer.Materials and methods:Sixty two (62) patients with ovarian neoplasms aged 32 to 77 (median, 56.5) years were enrolled into the study. Fifteen (15) patients had benign tumors, 9 had borderline, and 38, ovarian cancer. The control group included 17 healthy women aged 24 to 67 (median, 49) years. Plasma sPD-L1 and sPD-1 concentrations were measured with standard enzyme immunoassay kits (Afmetrix, eBioscience, USA).Results:Plasma sPD-L1 and sPD-1 levels in ovarian cancer patients (median, 41.3 and 48.0 pg/ml, respectively) did not differ significantly from those in the control group (49.5 and 43.8 pg/ml). sPD-L1 level in the patients with benign tumors (median, 22.2 pg/ml) was signifcantly lower than in the control (p < 0.01). The lowest sPD-1 level in plasma was found in the patients with borderline ovarian neoplasms, the difference with the ovarian cancer group being statistically signifcant (p < 0.05). No correlations between sPD-L1 and sPD-1 plasma levels were found in any of the study groups. sPD-L1 level signifcantly increased with disease stage (R = 0.44; p < 0.01), the most signifcant increase being observed at the most advanced IIIC stage (p < 0.05 as compared to all other stages). sPD-L1 was also signifcantly higher in the patients with ascites than in those without ascites. Plasma sPD-1 concentration was not associated with the indices of ovarian cancer progression, though its median was 1.3–1.44 times lower in the stage I than in the stage II–III patients, and decreased in those with the tumor size above 10 cm (assessed by ultrasound examination) and in the patients with ascites. No statistically signifcant associations of the markers' levels with tumor histological type and differentiation grade of ovarian cancer were found.Conclusion:sPD-L1 level in ovarian cancer patients correlates with disease progression and can be considered as a promising marker for monitoring of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment efficacy. Potential clinical implications of sPD-1 require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. O. Utkin
- Ryazan Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary
| | | | | | | | | | - A. A. Alferov
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - I. S. Stilidi
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology
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