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Kurosaki T, Chamoto K, Suzuki S, Kanemura H, Mitani S, Tanaka K, Kawakami H, Kishimoto Y, Haku Y, Ito K, Sato T, Suminaka C, Yamaki M, Chiba Y, Yaguchi T, Omori K, Kobayashi T, Nakagawa K, Honjo T, Hayashi H. The combination of soluble forms of PD-1 and PD-L1 as a predictive marker of PD-1 blockade in patients with advanced cancers: a multicenter retrospective study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1325462. [PMID: 38149256 PMCID: PMC10750355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The clinical relevance of soluble forms of programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) remains unclear. We here investigated the relation between the efficacy of PD-1 blockade and pretreatment plasma levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 across a broad range of cancer types. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 171 patients with advanced solid tumors who received nivolumab or pembrolizumab monotherapy regardless of treatment line. The concentrations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were measured with a fully automated immunoassay (HISCL system). Results The study subjects comprised patients with head and neck cancer (n = 50), urothelial cancer (n = 42), renal cell cancer (n = 37), gastric cancer (n = 20), esophageal cancer (n = 10), malignant pleural mesothelioma (n = 6), or microsatellite instability-high tumors (n = 6). High or low levels of sPD-1 or sPD-L1 were not significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) for PD-1 blockade in the entire study population. Comparison of treatment outcomes according to combinations of high or low sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels, however, revealed that patients with low sPD-1 and high sPD-L1 concentrations had a significantly poorer PFS (HR of 1.79 [95% CI, 1.13-2.83], p = 0.01) and a tendency toward poorer OS (HR of 1.70 [95% CI, 0.99-2.91], p = 0.05) compared with all other patients. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the combination of low sPD-1 and high sPD-L1 levels is a potential negative biomarker for PD-1 blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kurosaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Chamoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Immuno-Oncology PDT, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Suzuki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanemura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Mitani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Haku
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Ito
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sato
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Mami Yamaki
- Business Strategy Development, Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Chiba
- Clinical Research Center, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Immuno-Oncology PDT, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Tasuku Honjo
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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Király Z, Nagy E, Bokor L, Kovács A, Marschalkó M, Hidvégi B. The Possible Clinical Significance of a Decreased Serum Level of Soluble PD-L1 in Discoid Lupus Erythematosus, but Not in Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus-A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5648. [PMID: 37685714 PMCID: PMC10488501 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune skin disease with various clinical forms, including the subtypes of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). The altered function of the programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis in CLE pathogenesis has been suggested. Here, the soluble forms of PD-1 (sPD-1) and PD-L1 (sPD-L1) were explored in untreated DLE and SCLE. Levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serums of 21 DLE, 18 SCLE, 13 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Differences between patient groups and HCs, and the association between clinical activity of skin symptoms and sPD-1/sPD-L1 levels were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearmann's correlation. Regarding sPD-1 levels, no statistically significant differences were found between DLE and SCLE groups, nor compared to HCs. As for sPD-L1, a significantly lower level was found in the DLE group compared to the SCLE and HC groups (p = 0.027 and p = 0.009, respectively). In SLE, significantly higher sPD-1 was found compared to HCs (p = 0.002). No association between skin symptom activity and sPD-1/sPD-L1 levels was found in CLE. Alterations of the inhibitory effect of sPD-L1 on T-cell activity might elucidate the differences between DLE and SCLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Király
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (M.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Eszter Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary;
- National Institute of Locomotor Diseases and Disabilities, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Bokor
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (M.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Anikó Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (M.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Márta Marschalkó
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (M.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Bernadett Hidvégi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (M.M.); (B.H.)
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Mariotti FR, Ingegnere T, Landolina N, Vacca P, Munari E, Moretta L. Analysis of the mechanisms regulating soluble PD-1 production and function in human NK cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1229341. [PMID: 37638041 PMCID: PMC10449250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells represent important effectors that play a major role in innate defences against pathogens and display potent cytolytic activity against tumor cells. An array of surface receptors finely regulate their function and inhibitory checkpoints, such as PD-1, can dampen the immune response inducing an immunosuppressive state. Indeed, PD-1 expression in human NK cells correlated with impaired effector function and tumor immune evasion. Importantly, blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has been shown to reverse NK cell exhaustion and increase their cytotoxicity. Recently, soluble counterparts of checkpoint receptors, such as soluble PD-1 (sPD-1), are rising high interest due to their biological activity and ability to modulate immune responses. It has been widely demonstrated that sPD-1 can modulate T cell effector functions and tumor growth. Tumor-infiltrating T cells are considered the main source of circulating sPD-1. In addition, recently, also stimulated macrophages have been demonstrated to release sPD-1. However, no data are present on the role of sPD-1 in the context of other innate immune cell subsets and therefore this study is aimed to unveil the effect of sPD-1 on human NK cell function. We produced the recombinant sPD-1 protein and demonstrated that it binds PD-L1 and that its presence results in increased NK cell cytotoxicity. Notably, we also identified a pathway regulating endogenous sPD-1 synthesis and release in human NK cells. Secreted endogenous sPD-1, retained its biological function and could modulate NK cell effector function. Overall, these data reveal a pivotal role of sPD-1 in regulating NK-mediated innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiziano Ingegnere
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadine Landolina
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Lymphoid Cells of Innate Immunity Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Lymphoid Cells of Innate Immunity Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Munari
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Li X, Xu L, Lu L, Liu X, Yang Y, Wu Y, Han Y, Li X, Li Y, Song X, Cao W, Li T. CD4 + T cell counts and soluble programmed death-1 at baseline correlated with hepatitis B surface antigen decline in HIV/HBV coinfection during combined antiretroviral therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1178788. [PMID: 37207191 PMCID: PMC10189149 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1178788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have described the rapid decline and clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection after initiating combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Early decline of HBsAg levels is associated with HBsAg seroclearance in the treatment of chronic HBV infection. This study aims to evaluate the HBsAg kinetics and the determinants of early HBsAg decline in patients with HIV/HBV coinfection during cART. Methods A total of 51 patients with HIV/HBV coinfection were enrolled from a previously established HIV/AIDS cohort and followed for a median of 59.5 months after cART initiation. Biochemical tests, virology and immunology assessments were measured longitudinally. The kinetics of HBsAg during cART were analyzed. Soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) levels and immune activation markers (CD38 and HLA-DR) were measured at baseline, 1-year and 3-year during treatment. HBsAg response was defined as a decline of more than 0.5 log10 IU/ml at 6 months from the baseline after initiation of cART. Results HBsAg declined faster (0.47 log10 IU/mL) in the first six months and attained a decrease of 1.39 log10 IU/mL after 5-year therapy. Seventeen (33.3%) participants achieved a decline of more than 0.5 log10 IU/ml at the first 6 months of cART(HBsAg response) of which five patients achieved HBsAg clearance at a median of 11 months (range: 6-51 months). Multivariate logistic analysis showed the lower baseline CD4+ T cell levels (OR=6.633, P=0.012) and sPD-1 level (OR=5.389, P=0.038) were independently associated with HBsAg response after cART initiation. The alanine aminotransferase abnormality rate and HLA-DR expression were significantly higher in patients who achieved HBsAg response than in those who did not achieve HBsAg response after cART initiation. Conclusion Lower CD4 + T cells, sPD-1, and immune activation were related to a rapid HBsAg decline in patients with HIV/HBV-coinfection after the initiation of cART. These findings imply that immune disorders induced by HIV infection may disrupt immune tolerance to HBV, leading to a faster decline in HBsAg levels during coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosheng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanni Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Taisheng Li,
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Wei H, Wu F, Mao Y, Zhang Y, Leng G, Wang J, Zhang W, Wang T. Measurement of soluble PD-1 and soluble PD-L1 as well as PD-L1 and PD-1 from perioperative patients with gastric carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:331-345. [PMID: 35106596 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Till now, no experiment has been performed to detect programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed death 1 (PD-1), soluble PD-L1/soluble PD-1 simultaneously in perioperative patients of gastric carcinoma. Our experiment aims at determining the clinical significance and possible mechanism of soluble PD-L1/soluble PD-1 in gastric carcinoma. METHODS Thirty patients undergone gastrectomy were selected as the experimental group. Tissue's programmed death ligand 1 and peripheral programmed death 1 were detected using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Soluble PD-L1 and soluble PD-1 were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS First, preoperative programmed death 1 was higher than control group and decreased to normal post-operatively. Preoperatively ,elevated levels of programmed death 1 on cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells indicated less lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.01) and small tumor volume (P < 0.01); elevated programmed death 1 of CD8 T cells indicated big tumor volume (P < 0.01) and well histological differentiation (P < 0.01). Second, preoperative soluble PD-L1 and soluble PD-1 are lower than in control group. Post-operatively, the soluble PD-1 rose to normal, but the soluble PD-L1 showed no change. Third, programmed death ligand 1 can be observed in carcinoma tissue. Fourth, the area under the curve of soluble PD-1 (0.675) for diagnosis was worse than that of soluble PD-L1 (0.885). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that soluble PD-1 < 245.26 pg/ml in post-operative serum predicted a poor prognosis (overall survival percentage: 60%) at 2 years (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that carcinoembryonic antigen (>5 ng/l) and soluble PD-1 after gastrectomy (>245.26 pg/ml) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (hazard ratio: 20.812, 95% confidence interval: 1.217-355.916, P = 0.036; hazard ratio: 0.028, 95% confidence interval: 0.001-0.786, P = 0.036, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We propose that soluble PD-1 combined with programmed death ligand 1 are effective not only in protecting T cells from the adhesion by programmed death ligand 1 but also in preventing the occurrence and the development of tumor as well. Through multivariate analysis, we found that soluble PD-1 was an independent protective factor for post-operative prognosis of gastric carcinoma patients, which indirectly verified the vital function of soluble PD-1. Soluble PD-1 might be promising predictive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhi Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fahong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yudong Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangxian Leng
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Kordelas L, Buttkereit U, Heinemann FM, Horn PA, Giebel B, Beelen DW, Reinhardt HC, Rebmann V. Low Soluble Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Levels After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Predict Moderate or Severe Chronic GvHD and Inferior Overall Survival. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694843. [PMID: 34630383 PMCID: PMC8498033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory co-receptor required for regulating immune responsiveness and maintaining immune homeostasis. As PD-1 can be released as bioactive soluble molecule, we investigated the clinical significance of soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) regarding graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), relapse, and overall survival (OS) in a mono-centric cohort of 82 patients. Compared to pre-HSCT and to healthy controls, post-HSCT sPD-1 plasma levels were significantly increased during an observation time of three months. Univariate analysis revealed that low sPD-1 plasma levels at month one, two or three post HSCT were associated with acute GvHD grade III-IV, the onset of moderate/severe chronic GvHD (cGvHD) and inferior OS, DFS, and TRM, respectively. No relationship was detected to relapse rates. sPD-1 plasma levels were significantly increased in ATG-treated patients compared to ATG-untreated patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low sPD-1 plasma levels status at one or two month(s) after HSCT is an independent indicator for inferior OS, DFS, or TRM. A low sPD-1 plasma levels status at month three post HSCT is predictive for the onset of moderate/severe cGvHD. Thus, our study pinpoints the soluble inhibitory co-receptor PD-1 as a promising candidate molecule for the prediction of clinical HSCT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Kordelas
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Buttkereit
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Falko M Heinemann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dietrich W Beelen
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - H Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vera Rebmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Vajavaara H, Mortensen JB, Leivonen SK, Hansen IM, Ludvigsen M, Holte H, Jørgensen J, Bjerre M, d'Amore F, Leppä S. Soluble PD-1 but Not PD-L1 Levels Predict Poor Outcome in Patients with High-Risk Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:398. [PMID: 33499013 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Soluble forms of checkpoint protein PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 can be measured from circulation, but their source, function, and clinical impact in cancer remain incompletely understood. In this study, we used serum samples collected during a conduction of a prospective immunochemotherapy trial in patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and assessed their clinical significance. Our results demonstrate that sPD-1 levels in the peripheral blood at the time of diagnosis correlate with the quantities of tumor infiltrating PD1+ T cells and translate to inferior survival. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify sPD-1 as a prognostic factor, providing interesting perspectives on future clinical trials in DLBCL, including patients’ stratification associated with checkpoint blockade. Abstract Interaction of checkpoint receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1) with its ligand 1 (PD-L1) downregulates T cell effector functions and thereby leads to tumor immune escape. Here, we aimed to determine the clinical significance of soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We included 121 high-risk DLBCL patients treated in the Nordic NLG-LBC-05 trial with dose-dense immunochemotherapy. sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels were measured from serum samples collected prior to treatment, after three immunochemotherapy courses, and at the end of therapy. sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels were the highest in pretreatment samples, declining after three courses, and remaining low post-treatment. Pretreatment sPD-1 levels correlated with the quantities of PD1+ T cells in tumor tissue and translated to inferior survival, while no correlation was observed between sPD-L1 levels and outcome. The relative risk of death was 2.9-fold (95% CI 1.12–7.75, p = 0.028) and the risk of progression was 2.8-fold (95% CI 1.16–6.56, p = 0.021) in patients with high pretreatment sPD-1 levels compared to those with low levels. In conclusion, pretreatment sPD-1 level is a predictor of poor outcome after dose-dense immunochemotherapy and may be helpful in further improving molecular risk profiles in DLBCL.
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Montemagno C, Hagege A, Borchiellini D, Thamphya B, Rastoin O, Ambrosetti D, Iovanna J, Rioux-Leclercq N, Porta C, Negrier S, Ferrero JM, Chamorey E, Pagès G, Dufies M. Soluble forms of PD-L1 and PD-1 as prognostic and predictive markers of sunitinib efficacy in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1846901. [PMID: 33299657 PMCID: PMC7714499 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1846901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) benefits from several treatment options in the first-line setting with VEGFR inhibitors and/or immunotherapy including anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD1 agents. Identification of predictive biomarkers is highly needed to optimize patient care. Circulating markers could reflect the biology of metastatic disease. Therefore, we evaluated soluble forms of PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and PD-1 (sPD-1) in mccRCC patients. The levels of sPD-L1 and sPD-1 were evaluated from plasma samples of mccRCC patients before they received a first-line treatment (T0) by the VEGFR inhibitor sunitinib (50 patients) or by the anti-VEGF bevacizumab (37 patients). The levels of sPD-L1 and sPD-1 were correlated to clinical parameters and progression-free survival (PFS). High levels of sPD-1 or sPDL1 were not correlated to PFS under bevacizumab while they were independent prognostic factors of PFS in the sunitinib group. Patients with high T0 plasmatic levels of sPD-L1 had a shorter PFS (11.3 vs 22.5 months, p = .011) in the sunitinib group. Equivalent shorter PFS was found with high levels of sPD-1 (8.6 vs 14.1 months, p = .009). mccRCC patients with high plasmatic levels of sPD-L1 or sPD-1 are poor responders to sunitinib. sPD-L1 or sPD-1 could be a valuable tool to guide the optimal treatment strategy including VEGFR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Montemagno
- Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique De Monaco, principally of Monaco.,Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University Cote d'Azur (UCA), Institute for research on cancer and aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284; INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nic, France.,LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco
| | - Anais Hagege
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University Cote d'Azur (UCA), Institute for research on cancer and aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284; INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nic, France.,LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco
| | - Delphine Borchiellini
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Medical Oncology, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Brice Thamphya
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Statistic, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Olivia Rastoin
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University Cote d'Azur (UCA), Institute for research on cancer and aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284; INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nic, France.,LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) De Nice, Hôpital Pasteur, Central Laboratory of Pathology University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Team Pancreatic Cancer, Centre De Recherche En Cancérologie De Marseille (CRCM), Marseille, France
| | | | - Camillio Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, I.R.C.C.S. San Matteo University Hospital, Pavia, Italy (Present Affiliation: University of Bari 'A. Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Sylvie Negrier
- Centre Léon Bérard, University Hospital De Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ferrero
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Medical Oncology, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Chamorey
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Statistic, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique De Monaco, principally of Monaco.,Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University Cote d'Azur (UCA), Institute for research on cancer and aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284; INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nic, France.,LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco
| | - Maeva Dufies
- Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique De Monaco, principally of Monaco.,LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco
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9
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Quatrini L, Mariotti FR, Munari E, Tumino N, Vacca P, Moretta L. The Immune Checkpoint PD-1 in Natural Killer Cells: Expression, Function and Targeting in Tumour Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3285. [PMID: 33172030 PMCID: PMC7694632 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, immunotherapy with antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of different types of tumours, representing a true revolution in oncology. While its efficacy has initially been attributed only to unleashing T cell responses, responsivity to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade was observed in some tumours with low Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) I expression and increasing evidence has revealed PD-1 surface expression and inhibitory function also in natural killer (NK) cells. Thus, the contribution of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy to the recovery of NK cell anti-tumour response has recently been appreciated. Here, we summarize the studies investigating PD-1 expression and function in NK cells, together with the limitations and perspectives of immunotherapies. A better understanding of checkpoint biology is needed to design next-generation therapeutic strategies and to improve the clinical protocols of current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.R.M.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Francesca Romana Mariotti
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.R.M.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.R.M.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Paola Vacca
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.R.M.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.R.M.); (N.T.); (P.V.); (L.M.)
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10
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Tannig P, Peter AS, Lapuente D, Klessing S, Schmidt A, Damm D, Tenbusch M, Überla K, Temchura V. Genetic Co-Administration of Soluble PD-1 Ectodomains Modifies Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Induced by DNA Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040570. [PMID: 33019546 PMCID: PMC7712647 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the low efficacy and the need for seasonal adaptation of currently licensed influenza A vaccines, the importance of alternative vaccination strategies is increasingly recognized. Considering that DNA vaccines can be rapidly manufactured and readily adapted with novel antigen sequences, genetic vaccination is a promising immunization platform. However, the applicability of different genetic adjuvants to this approach still represents a complex challenge. Immune checkpoints are a class of molecules involved in adaptive immune responses and germinal center reactions. In this study, we immunized mice by intramuscular electroporation with a DNA-vaccine encoding hemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP) of the influenza A virus. The DNA-vaccine was applied either alone or in combination with genetic adjuvants encoding the soluble ectodomains of programmed cell death protein-1 (sPD-1) or its ligand (sPD-L1). Co-administration of genetic checkpoint adjuvants did not significantly alter immune responses against NP. In contrast, sPD-1 co-electroporation elevated HA-specific CD4+ T cell responses, decreased regulatory CD4+ T cell pools, and modulated the IgG2a-biased HA antibody pattern towards an isotype-balanced IgG response with a trend to higher influenza neutralization in vitro. Taken together, our data demonstrate that a genetic DNA-adjuvant encoding soluble ectodomains of sPD-1 was able to modulate immune responses induced by a co-administered influenza DNA vaccine.
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11
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Zhang A, Sun Y, Wang S, Du J, Gao X, Yuan Y, Zhao L, Yang Y, Xu L, Lei Y, Duan L, Xu C, Ma L, Wang J, Hu G, Chen H, Wang Q, Hu L, Zhang B. Secretion of human soluble programmed cell death protein 1 by chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells enhances anti-tumor efficacy. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:734-743. [PMID: 32684339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have achieved favorable responses in patients with hematologic malignancies, but the outcome has been far from satisfactory in the treatment of tumors with high expression of immunosuppressive molecules. To overcome this limitation, we modified CAR T cells to secrete types of human soluble programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) called sPD-1 CAR T cells. METHODS To compare the effector function between second (conventional second-generation CAR targeting CD19) and sPD-1 CAR T cells, we measured cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion and activation markers incubated with or without tumor cells expressing CD19 and/or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Furthermore, the anti-tumor efficacy of second and sPD-1 CAR T cells was determined using an NSG mouse model bearing NALM-6-PD-L1. Finally, the underlying mechanism was investigated by metabolic parameters and RNA sequencing analysis of different CAR T cells. RESULTS Compared with second CAR T cells, sPD-1 CAR T cells enhanced killing efficiency toward CD19+PD-L1+ tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, sPD-1 CAR T cells reduced the tumor burden and prolonged overall survival of the NSG (NOD-SCID-IL2rg) mice bearing NALM-6-PD-L1. To explore the effect of soluble PD-1 on CAR T cells, we found that sPD-1 CAR T cells exhibited higher levels of activation and ameliorative profiles of differentiation, exhaustion, glycolysis and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS With constitutive soluble PD-1 secretion, sPD-1 CAR T cells have tended to eradicate tumors with a high expression of PD-L1 more effectively than second CAR T cells. This may be due to soluble PD-1 enhancing apoptosis resistance, aerobic metabolism and a more "stem" differentiation of CAR T cells. Overall, our study presents a feasible strategy to increase the efficacy of CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Zhang
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Cell and Gene Therapy Center, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy and Transformation Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shenyu Wang
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Cell and Gene Therapy Center, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy and Transformation Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Du
- SAFE Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd
| | | | - Ye Yuan
- National Beijing Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key, Laboratory of Medical Countermeasures and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Cell and Gene Therapy Center, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy and Transformation Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Cell and Gene Therapy Center, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy and Transformation Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Lei
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Cell and Gene Therapy Center, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy and Transformation Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Cell and Gene Therapy Center, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy and Transformation Research, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjun Wang
- National Beijing Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key, Laboratory of Medical Countermeasures and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Liangding Hu
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Beijing Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key, Laboratory of Medical Countermeasures and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Cell and Gene Therapy Center, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy and Transformation Research, Beijing, China.
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12
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Chen Z, Hu K, Feng L, Su R, Lai N, Yang Z, Kang S. Senescent cells re-engineered to express soluble programmed death receptor-1 for inhibiting programmed death receptor-1/programmed death ligand-1 as a vaccination approach against breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1753-1763. [PMID: 29675979 PMCID: PMC5989746 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Various types of vaccines have been proposed as approaches for prevention or delay of the onset of cancer by boosting the endogenous immune system. We previously developed a senescent‐cell‐based vaccine, induced by radiation and veliparib, as a preventive and therapeutic tool against triple‐negative breast cancer. However, the programmed death receptor‐1/programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) pathway was found to play an important role in vaccine failure. Hence, we further developed soluble programmed death receptor‐1 (sPD1)‐expressing senescent cells to overcome PD‐L1/PD‐1‐mediated immune suppression while vaccinating to promote dendritic cell (DC) maturity, thereby amplifying T‐cell activation. In the present study, sPD1‐expressing senescent cells showed a particularly active status characterized by growth arrest and modified immunostimulatory cytokine secretion in vitro. As expected, sPD1‐expressing senescent tumor cell vaccine (STCV/sPD‐1) treatment attracted more mature DC and fewer exhausted‐PD1+ T cells in vivo. During the course of the vaccine studies, we observed greater safety and efficacy for STCV/sPD‐1 than for control treatments. STCV/sPD‐1 pre‐injections provided complete protection from 4T1 tumor challenge in mice. Additionally, the in vivo therapeutic study of mice with s.c. 4T1 tumor showed that STCV/sPD‐1 vaccination delayed tumorigenesis and suppressed tumor progression at early stages. These results showed that STCV/sPD‐1 effectively induced a strong antitumor immune response against cancer and suggested that it might be a potential strategy for TNBC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Hu
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lieting Feng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruxiong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Puning People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Puning, China
| | - Nan Lai
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zike Yang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Kang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Li N, Zhou Z, Li F, Sang J, Han Q, Lv Y, Zhao W, Li C, Liu Z. Circulating soluble programmed death-1 levels may differentiate immune-tolerant phase from other phases and hepatocellular carcinoma from other clinical diseases in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46020-46033. [PMID: 28545019 PMCID: PMC5542245 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is involved in the immune dysfunction of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study analyzed the association of circulating soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) levels with the phases and clinical diseases in chronic HBV infection. Serum sPD-1 levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in patients with different phases and liver diseases of chronic HBV infection. The sPD-1 levels in patients with chronic HBV infection were significantly elevated compared with HBV infection resolvers or healthy controls. According to phases, sPD-1 level in immune-tolerant phase (IT) was significantly lower than in other phases. Multivariate analysis showed that sPD-1 was an independent factor associated with IT. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) showed that sPD-1 was significantly discriminative of IT from other phases with a cut-off of 1.535 ng/mL (AUC, 0.984; P<0.001). According to clinical diseases, sPD-1 level in HBV-related HCC was significantly higher than in other clinical diseases. Multivariate analysis showed that sPD-1 was an independent factor associated with HCC. The sPD-1 was significantly discriminative of HCC from other clinical diseases with a cut-off of 6.058 ng/mL (AUC, 0.962; P<0.001). The sPD-1 levels were significantly associated with HCC patients’ overall survival. HCC resection resulted in remarkable reduction in sPD-1 levels. These results demonstrate the involvement of sPD-1 in the disease course of chronic HBV infection and indicate the potential to apply sPD-1 as a biomarker for differentiating IT from other phases and HCC from other disease conditions in chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Sang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qunying Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710061, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Xiao L, Wang D, Sun C, Li P, Jin Y, Feng L, Chen L. Enhancement of SIV-specific cell mediated immune responses by co-administration of soluble PD-1 and Tim-3 as molecular adjuvants in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:724-33. [PMID: 24326266 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective T cell based HIV vaccine would need to elicit cell mediated immune responses with superior magnitude, breadth, and quality. Since blocking the interactions between inhibitory receptors with their associated ligands using soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and soluble Tim-3 (sTim-3) have been shown to reverse T cell exhaustion and enhance cell mediated immune responses, we tested if co-administration of sPD-1 and sTim-3 with an adenovirus vectored SIV vaccine (rAd5-SIV) can enhance cell mediated immune responses. The frequency of SIV antigen specific IFN-γ spot-forming cells and the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α by splenocytes from rAd5-SIV immunized mice was significantly increased when stimulated ex vivo with SIV peptides in the presence of sPD-1 or sTim-3 or both sPD-1 and sTim-3. The magnitude of cell mediated immune responses elicited by rAd5-SIV was enhanced by co-administration of sPD-1 and sTim-3. Co-administration of both sPD-1 and sTim-3 induced higher frequency of SIV antigen specific IFN-γ(+) spot-forming cells to poorly immunogenic Vif and Tat. The percentage of cell mediated responses for each SIV antigen became more balanced, with reduction to Gag but induction to non-structural proteins. Furthermore, co-injection of rAd5-sPD1 and rAd5-sTim3 with rAd5-SIV in mice enhanced T cell proliferation capability and generated more antigen specific IFN-γ(+) CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Our study provided a new approach to enhance vaccine induced cell mediated immune responses, which may be applicable to improve the efficacy of vaccines against SIV/HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, PR China
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