1
|
Kritschil R, Li V, Wang D, Dong Q, Silwal P, Finkel T, Lee J, Sowa G, Vo N. Impact of autophagy inhibition on intervertebral disc cells and extracellular matrix. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1286. [PMID: 38234974 PMCID: PMC10792703 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading contributor to low back pain (LBP). Autophagy, strongly activated by hypoxia and nutrient starvation, is a vital intracellular quality control process that removes damaged proteins and organelles to recycle them for cellular biosynthesis and energy production. While well-established as a major driver of many age-related diseases, autophagy dysregulation or deficiency has yet been confirmed to cause IDD. Methods In vitro, rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells treated with bafilomycin A1 to inhibit autophagy were assessed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, proteoglycan synthesis, and cell viability. In vivo, a transgenic strain (Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl) mice were successfully generated to inhibit autophagy primarily in NP tissues. Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mouse intervertebral discs (IVDs) were evaluated for biomarkers for apoptosis and cellular senescence, aggrecan content, and histological changes up to 12 months of age. Results Here, we demonstrated inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin produced IDD features in the rat NP cells, including increased apoptosis and cellular senescence (p21 CIP1) and decreased expression of disc matrix genes Col2a1 and Acan. H&E histologic staining showed significant but modest degenerative changes in NP tissue of Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice compared to controls at 6 and 12 months of age. Intriguingly, 12-month-old Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice did not display increased loss of NP proteoglycan. Moreover, markers of apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3, TUNEL), and cellular senescence (p53, p16 INK4a , IL-1β, TNF-α) were not affected in 12-month-old Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice compared to controls. However, p21 CIP1and Mmp13 gene expression were upregulated in NP tissue of 12-month-old Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice compared to controls, suggesting p21 CIP1-mediated cellular senescence resulted from NP-targeted Atg7 knockout might contribute to the observed histological changes. Conclusion The absence of overt IDD features from disrupting Atg7-mediated macroautophagy in NP tissue implicates other compensatory mechanisms, highlighting additional research needed to elucidate the complex biology of autophagy in regulating age-dependent IDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kritschil
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Vivian Li
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Drexel School of MedicineDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Qing Dong
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joon Lee
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nam Vo
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Różanowska MB. Lipofuscin, Its Origin, Properties, and Contribution to Retinal Fluorescence as a Potential Biomarker of Oxidative Damage to the Retina. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2111. [PMID: 38136230 PMCID: PMC10740933 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipofuscin accumulates with age as intracellular fluorescent granules originating from incomplete lysosomal digestion of phagocytosed and autophagocytosed material. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current understanding of the role of oxidative stress and/or lysosomal dysfunction in lipofuscin accumulation and its consequences, particularly for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Next, the fluorescence of lipofuscin, spectral changes induced by oxidation, and its contribution to retinal fluorescence are discussed. This is followed by reviewing recent developments in fluorescence imaging of the retina and the current evidence on the prognostic value of retinal fluorescence for the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the major blinding disease affecting elderly people in developed countries. The evidence of lipofuscin oxidation in vivo and the evidence of increased oxidative damage in AMD retina ex vivo lead to the conclusion that imaging of spectral characteristics of lipofuscin fluorescence may serve as a useful biomarker of oxidative damage, which can be helpful in assessing the efficacy of potential antioxidant therapies in retinal degenerations associated with accumulation of lipofuscin and increased oxidative stress. Finally, amendments to currently used fluorescence imaging instruments are suggested to be more sensitive and specific for imaging spectral characteristics of lipofuscin fluorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata B. Różanowska
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK;
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, Wales, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Z, Li D, Chen R, Gao S, Xu Z, Li N. Cell death regulation: A new way for natural products to treat osteoporosis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106635. [PMID: 36581167 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that results from the imbalance of homeostasis within the bone. Intra-bone homeostasis is dependent on a precise dynamic balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by mesenchymal lineage osteoblasts, which comprises a series of complex and highly standardized steps. Programmed cell death (PCD) (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis) is a cell death process that involves a cascade of gene expression events with tight structures. These events play a certain role in regulating bone metabolism by determining the fate of bone cells. Moreover, existing research has suggested that natural products derived from a wide variety of dietary components and medicinal plants modulate the PCDs based on different mechanisms, which show great potential for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, thus revealing the emergence of more acceptable complementary and alternative drugs with lower costs, fewer side effects and more long-term application. Accordingly, this review summarizes the common types of PCDs in the field of osteoporosis. Moreover, from the perspective of targeting PCDs, this review also discussed the roles of currently reported natural products in the treatment of osteoporosis and the involved mechanisms. Based on this, this review provides more insights into new molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis and provides a reference for developing more natural anti-osteoporosis drugs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Renchang Chen
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shang Gao
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Nianhu Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Z, Li D, Su H, Xue H, Tan G, Xu Z. Autophagy: An important target for natural products in the treatment of bone metabolic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999017. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis depends on a precise dynamic balance between bone resorption and bone formation, involving a series of complex and highly regulated steps. Any imbalance in this process can cause disturbances in bone metabolism and lead to the development of many associated bone diseases. Autophagy, one of the fundamental pathways for the degradation and recycling of proteins and organelles, is a fundamental process that regulates cellular and organismal homeostasis. Importantly, basic levels of autophagy are present in all types of bone-associated cells. Due to the cyclic nature of autophagy and the ongoing bone metabolism processes, autophagy is considered a new participant in bone maintenance. Novel therapeutic targets have emerged as a result of new mechanisms, and bone metabolism can be controlled by interfering with autophagy by focusing on certain regulatory molecules in autophagy. In parallel, several studies have reported that various natural products exhibit a good potential to mediate autophagy for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases. Therefore, we briefly described the process of autophagy, emphasizing its function in different cell types involved in bone development and metabolism (including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts), and also summarized research advances in natural product-mediated autophagy for the treatment of metabolic bone disease caused by dysfunction of these cells (including osteoporosis, rheumatoid joints, osteoarthritis, fracture nonunion/delayed union). The objective of the study was to identify the function that autophagy serves in metabolic bone disease and the effects, potential, and challenges of natural products for the treatment of these diseases by targeting autophagy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kritschil R, Scott M, Sowa G, Vo N. Role of autophagy in intervertebral disc degeneration. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:1266-1284. [PMID: 34787318 PMCID: PMC8866220 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading contributor to low back pain. The intervertebral disc (IVD) is composed of three tissue types: the central gelatinous nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue, the surrounding annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue, and the inferior and superior cartilage endplates. The IVD microenvironment is hypoxic, acidic, hyperosmotic, and low in nutrients because it is mostly avascular. The cellular processes that underlie IDD initiation and progression are still poorly understood. Specifically, a lack of understanding regarding NP cell metabolism and physiology hinders the development of effective therapeutics to treat IDD patients. Autophagy is a vital intracellular degradation process that removes damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, and intracellular pathogens and recycles the degraded components for cellular energy and function. NP cells have adapted to survive within their harsh tissue microenvironment using processes that are largely unknown, and we postulate autophagy is one of these undiscovered mechanisms. In this review, we describe unique features of the IVD tissue, review how physiological stressors impact autophagy in NP cells in vitro, survey the current understanding of autophagy regulation in the IVD, and assess the relationship between autophagy and IDD. Published studies confirm autophagy markers are present in IVD tissue, and IVD cells can regulate autophagy in response to cellular stressors in vitro. However, data are still lacking to determine the exact mechanisms regulating autophagy in IVD cells. More in-depth research is needed to establish whether autophagy is necessary to maintain IVD cell health and validate autophagy as a relevant therapeutic target for treating IDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kritschil
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Melanie Scott
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nam Vo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ba B, Mayila A, Guo Y, Xu J, Xing S, Cao G. NLRC5 enhances autophagy via inactivation of AKT/mTOR pathway and ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy. Int J Exp Pathol 2022; 103:23-30. [PMID: 34802165 PMCID: PMC8781646 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5) in cardiac hypertrophy, and to explore the mechanism implicated in this effect Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes using 1 μM of angiotensin II (Ang II) for 12, 24 and 48 h. Overexpression of NLRC5 was induced in H9C2 cells, and the NLRC5 + Ang II-treated cells were exposed to SC9 and 3-methyladenine (3MA). An immunofluorescence assay was used for α-actinin staining, and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed for NLRC5, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) determination. Western blot analysis was applied to measure the levels of NLRC5, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 type I (LC3I), LC3II, sequestosome 1 (p62), protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylated Akt (pAKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylated mTOR (pmTOR). The level of NLRC5 was significantly decreased after Ang II treatment in cardiomyocytes, but the levels of ANP and BNP were increased. Overexpression of NLRC5 reduced the cell size, downregulated the levels of ANP and BNP, increased LC3II / LC3I, but decreased p62 in Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In addition, the results from Western blot showed that overexpression of NLRC5 distinctly decreased the ratios of pAKT/AKT and pmTOR/mTOR in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. SC79 and 3MA significantly downregulated the ratio of LC3I/LC3II but increased the level of p62 in NLRC5 + Ang II-treated cells. These results provide a possible novel therapeutic strategy for cardiac hypertrophy that might be useful in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bayinsilema Ba
- Department of CardiologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi CityChina
| | - Abudoukelimu Mayila
- Department of CardiologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi CityChina
| | - Yankai Guo
- Department of CardiologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi CityChina
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of CardiologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi CityChina
| | - Shifeng Xing
- Department of CardiologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi CityChina
| | - GuiQiu Cao
- Department of CardiologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi CityChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Łysek-Gładysińska M, Wieczorek A, Jóźwik A, Walaszczyk A, Jelonek K, Szczukiewicz-Markowska G, Horbańczuk OK, Pietrowska M, Widłak P, Gabryś D. Aging-Related Changes in the Ultrastructure of Hepatocytes and Cardiomyocytes of Elderly Mice Are Enhanced in ApoE-Deficient Animals. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030502. [PMID: 33652838 PMCID: PMC7996907 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is associated with various morphological and functional changes, yet the mechanisms of these phenomena remain unclear in many tissues and organs. Hyperlipidemia is among the factors putatively involved in the aging of the liver and heart. Here, we analyzed morphological, ultrastructural, and biochemical features in adult (7-month-old) and elderly (17-month-old) mice, and then compared age-related features between wild type (C57Bl/6 strain) and ApoE-deficient (transgenic ApoE−/−) animals. Increased numbers of damaged mitochondria, lysosomes, and lipid depositions were observed in the hepatocytes of elderly animals. Importantly, these aging-related changes were significantly stronger in hepatocytes from ApoE-deficient animals. An increased number of damaged mitochondria was observed in the cardiomyocytes of elderly animals. However, the difference between wild type and ApoE-deficient mice was expressed in the larger size of mitochondria detected in the transgenic animals. Moreover, a few aging-related differences were noted between wild type and ApoE-deficient mice at the level of plasma biochemical markers. Levels of cholesterol and HDL increased in the plasma of elderly ApoE−/− mice and were markedly higher than in the plasma of elderly wild type animals. On the other hand, the activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) decreased in the plasma of elderly ApoE−/− mice and was markedly lower than in the plasma of elderly wild type animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Łysek-Gładysińska
- Division of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Jan Kochanowski, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.Ł.-G.); (A.J.)
| | - Anna Wieczorek
- Division of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Jan Kochanowski, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, Jastrzębiec, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.Ł.-G.); (A.J.)
| | - Anna Walaszczyk
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Karol Jelonek
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (K.J.); (M.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Grażyna Szczukiewicz-Markowska
- Department of Surgical Medicine with the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, University of Jan Kochanowski, al. IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Olaf K. Horbańczuk
- Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (K.J.); (M.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Piotr Widłak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (K.J.); (M.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Dorota Gabryś
- Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Damaziak K, Koznaka-Lipka M, Gozdowski D, Gołębiowska A, Kędziorek E. Effects of broiler breeder strain, age, and eggs preheating profile in single-stage systems on the hatchability of eggs and quality of chicks. Animal 2020; 15:100057. [PMID: 33516020 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preheating can increase the efficiency of commercial broiler breeding. A slow increase in temperature can counteract the negative effects of water condensation on the surface of the shell and reduces the thermal shock to the embryos. It is essential to design different preheating profiles because of the variances between breeds in terms of egg construction and the course of embryogenesis, along with the influence of the parental flocks' age on hatching rates. This study aimed to analyze six preheating profiles with different time and temperature patterns (A-F), which were immediately applied before the egg incubation began. These profiles were used for two broiler breeder strains - Hubbard Flex and Ross 308 - for the entire laying cycle divided into six age ranges: 25-30, 31-36, 37-42, 43-48, 49-54, and 55-60wk of life. A total of 7839250 Hubbard Flex and 57167060 Ross 308 eggs were used in the study. The eggs were stored for 4-7d before the preheating profile was applied. Mortality during incubation, hatchability, and the quality of chicks were analyzed. The most favorable results were obtained with profile B - 02 h (25.0 °C):02 h (29.4 °C):02 h (32.2 °C):02 h (35.0 °C):02 h (37.8 °C), while the worst results were obtained with profile C - 03 h (23.9 °C):03 h (25.0 °C):04 h (32.2 °C). These findings indicated that compared to a rapid temperature increase during incubation, multistage slow heating of eggs is more advantageous as it enables achieving better hatchability from apparent fertile eggs and obtaining more first-grade chicks. An analysis of the interaction of different preheating profiles with flock age and breed of parental flock revealed that profile C is not suitable for eggs from older flocks, in particular Ross 308. Deterioration of hatchability of chicks from apparent fertile eggs was also confirmed for flocks over 49wk of life after the application of profile E - 03 h (77 °C):02 h (29.4 °C):02 h (32.2 °C):01 h (35.0 °C):02 h (37.8 °C). Increased early and late mortality of embryos was observed in the case of Hubbard Flex after the use of profile D - 03 h (25.0 °C):02 h (29.4 °C):01 h (32.2 °C):02 h (35.05 °C):02 h (37.8 °C). Based on the obtained results, it can be recommended that profile B can be applied for the entire duration of Ross 308 and Hubbard Flex flock utilization to achieve high egg hatchability and obtain high-quality chicks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Damaziak
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Institute of Animal Science, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - D Gozdowski
- Department of Biometry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 164, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Gołębiowska
- SuperDrob S.A., Hatchery, Stoczek 44, 07-104, Poland
| | - E Kędziorek
- SuperDrob S.A., Hatchery, Stoczek 44, 07-104, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Uzor NE, Scheihing DM, Kim GS, Moruno-Manchon JF, Zhu L, Reynolds CR, Stephenson JM, Holmes A, McCullough LD, Tsvetkov AS. Aging lowers PEX5 levels in cortical neurons in male and female mouse brains. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 107:103536. [PMID: 32777345 PMCID: PMC7484460 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes exist in nearly every cell, oxidizing fats, synthesizing lipids and maintaining redox balance. As the brain ages, multiple pathways are negatively affected, but it is currently unknown if peroxisomal proteins are affected by aging in the brain. While recent studies have investigated a PEX5 homolog in aging C. elegans models and found that it is reduced in aging, it is unclear if PEX5, a mammalian peroxisomal protein that plays a role in peroxisomal homeostasis and degradation, is affected in the aging brain. To answer this question, we first determined the amount of PEX5, in brain homogenates from young (3 months) and aged (26 through 32+ months of age) wild-type mice of both sexes. PEX5 protein was decreased in aged male brains, but this reduction was not significant in female brains. RNAScope and real-time qPCR analyses showed that Pex5 mRNA was also reduced in aged male brain cortices, but not in females. Immunohistochemistry assays of cortical neurons in young and aged male brains showed that the amount of neuronal PEX5 was reduced in aged male brains. Cortical neurons in aged female mice also had reduced PEX5 levels in comparison to younger female mice. In conclusion, total PEX5 levels and Pex5 gene expression both decrease with age in male brains, and neuronal PEX5 levels lower in an age-dependent manner in the cortices of animals of both sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ndidi-Ese Uzor
- University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Diego Morales Scheihing
- Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Gab Seok Kim
- Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Jose Felix Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Liang Zhu
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Research Design, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Caroline R Reynolds
- Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Jessica M Stephenson
- Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Aleah Holmes
- Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA; UTHealth Consortium on Aging, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Andrey S Tsvetkov
- University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA; UTHealth Consortium on Aging, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston 77030, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saleh T, Bloukh S, Carpenter VJ, Alwohoush E, Bakeer J, Darwish S, Azab B, Gewirtz DA. Therapy-Induced Senescence: An "Old" Friend Becomes the Enemy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040822. [PMID: 32235364 PMCID: PMC7226427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past two decades, cellular senescence has been recognized as a central component of the tumor cell response to chemotherapy and radiation. Traditionally, this form of senescence, termed Therapy-Induced Senescence (TIS), was linked to extensive nuclear damage precipitated by classical genotoxic chemotherapy. However, a number of other forms of therapy have also been shown to induce senescence in tumor cells independently of direct genomic damage. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive summary of both conventional and targeted anticancer therapeutics that have been shown to induce senescence in vitro and in vivo. Still, the utility of promoting senescence as a therapeutic endpoint remains under debate. Since senescence represents a durable form of growth arrest, it might be argued that senescence is a desirable outcome of cancer therapy. However, accumulating evidence suggesting that cells have the capacity to escape from TIS would support an alternative conclusion, that senescence provides an avenue whereby tumor cells can evade the potentially lethal action of anticancer drugs, allowing the cells to enter a temporary state of dormancy that eventually facilitates disease recurrence, often in a more aggressive state. Furthermore, TIS is now strongly connected to tumor cell remodeling, potentially to tumor dormancy, acquiring more ominous malignant phenotypes and accounts for several untoward adverse effects of cancer therapy. Here, we argue that senescence represents a barrier to effective anticancer treatment, and discuss the emerging efforts to identify and exploit agents with senolytic properties as a strategy for elimination of the persistent residual surviving tumor cell population, with the goal of mitigating the tumor-promoting influence of the senescent cells and to thereby reduce the likelihood of cancer relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (T.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Sarah Bloukh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.B.); (E.A.); (J.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Valerie J. Carpenter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Enas Alwohoush
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.B.); (E.A.); (J.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Jomana Bakeer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.B.); (E.A.); (J.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Sarah Darwish
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (T.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Belal Azab
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.B.); (E.A.); (J.B.); (B.A.)
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Misso G, Zarone MR, Lombardi A, Grimaldi A, Cossu AM, Ferri C, Russo M, Vuoso DC, Luce A, Kawasaki H, Di Martino MT, Virgilio A, Festa A, Galeone A, De Rosa G, Irace C, Donadelli M, Necas A, Amler E, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P, Caraglia M. miR-125b Upregulates miR-34a and Sequentially Activates Stress Adaption and Cell Death Mechanisms in Multiple Myeloma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:391-406. [PMID: 31009917 PMCID: PMC6479071 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
miR-125b, ubiquitously expressed and frequently dysregulated in several tumors, has gained special interest in the field of cancer research, displaying either oncogenic or oncosuppressor potential based on tumor type. We have previously demonstrated its tumor-suppressive role in multiple myeloma (MM), but the analysis of molecular mechanisms needs additional investigation. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of miR-125b and its chemically modified analogs in modulating cell viability and cancer-associated molecular pathways, also focusing on the functional aspects of stress adaptation (autophagy and senescence), as well as programmed cell death (apoptosis). Based on the well-known low microRNA (miRNA) stability in therapeutic application, we designed chemically modified miR-125b mimics, laying the bases for their subsequent investigation in in vivo models. Our study clearly confirmed an oncosuppressive function depending on the repression of multiple targets, and it allowed the identification, for the first time, of miR-125b-dependent miR-34a stimulation as a possible consequence of the inhibitory role on the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/miR-34a feedback loop. Moreover, we identified a pattern of miR-125b-co-regulated miRNAs, shedding light on possible new players of anti-MM activity. Finally, functional studies also revealed a sequential activation of senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis, thus indicating, for the first two processes, an early cytoprotective and inhibitory role from apoptosis activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Misso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mayra Rachele Zarone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Grimaldi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Maria Cossu
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy; IRGS, Biogem, Molecular and Precision Oncology Laboratory, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Carmela Ferri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Russo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Cristina Vuoso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Luce
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Hiromichi Kawasaki
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Antonella Virgilio
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Agostino Festa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Galeone
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alois Necas
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Amler
- Second Medical Faculty, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy; IRGS, Biogem, Molecular and Precision Oncology Laboratory, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jung DW, Ro HJ, Kim J, Kim SI, Yi GR, Lee G, Jun S. Biophysical restriction of growth area using a monodispersed gold sphere nanobarrier prolongs the mitotic phase in HeLa cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37497-37506. [PMID: 35542263 PMCID: PMC9075507 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08410j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Homogeneous 83 nm gold nanospheres with a human fibronectin-coated substrate surrounding the cells induce biophysical cues which result in a delay in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Woong Jung
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
| | - Hyun-Joo Ro
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Junmin Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Gaehang Lee
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmi Jun
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Calder PC, Bosco N, Bourdet-Sicard R, Capuron L, Delzenne N, Doré J, Franceschi C, Lehtinen MJ, Recker T, Salvioli S, Visioli F. Health relevance of the modification of low grade inflammation in ageing (inflammageing) and the role of nutrition. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 40:95-119. [PMID: 28899766 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ageing of the global population has become a public health concern with an important socio-economic dimension. Ageing is characterized by an increase in the concentration of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream, a phenomenon that has been termed "inflammageing". The inflammatory response is beneficial as an acute, transient reaction to harmful conditions, facilitating the defense, repair, turnover and adaptation of many tissues. However, chronic and low grade inflammation is likely to be detrimental for many tissues and for normal functions. We provide an overview of low grade inflammation (LGI) and determine the potential drivers and the effects of the "inflamed" phenotype observed in the elderly. We discuss the role of gut microbiota and immune system crosstalk and the gut-brain axis. Then, we focus on major health complications associated with LGI in the elderly, including mental health and wellbeing, metabolic abnormalities and infections. Finally, we discuss the possibility of manipulating LGI in the elderly by nutritional interventions. We provide an overview of the evidence that exists in the elderly for omega-3 fatty acid, probiotic, prebiotic, antioxidant and polyphenol interventions as a means to influence LGI. We conclude that slowing, controlling or reversing LGI is likely to be an important way to prevent, or reduce the severity of, age-related functional decline and the onset of conditions affecting health and well-being; that there is evidence to support specific dietary interventions as a strategy to control LGI; and that a continued research focus on this field is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Research Center Asia, 21 Biopolis Road, 138567, Singapore
| | | | - Lucile Capuron
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joel Doré
- MetaGénoPolis, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna 40124, Italy
| | - Markus J Lehtinen
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health and Nutrition Science, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Tobias Recker
- International Life Sciences Institute European Branch, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; IMDEA-Food, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Golubev A, Hanson AD, Gladyshev VN. Non-enzymatic molecular damage as a prototypic driver of aging. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6029-6038. [PMID: 28264930 PMCID: PMC5391736 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.751164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical potentialities of metabolites far exceed metabolic requirements. The required potentialities are realized mostly through enzymatic catalysis. The rest are realized spontaneously through organic reactions that (i) occur wherever appropriate reactants come together, (ii) are so typical that many have proper names (e.g. Michael addition, Amadori rearrangement, and Pictet-Spengler reaction), and (iii) often have damaging consequences. There are many more causes of non-enzymatic damage to metabolites than reactive oxygen species and free radical processes (the "usual suspects"). Endogenous damage accumulation in non-renewable macromolecules and spontaneously polymerized material is sufficient to account for aging and differentiates aging from wear-and-tear of inanimate objects by deriving it from metabolism, the essential attribute of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Golubev
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia,
| | - Andrew D Hanson
- the Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, and
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- the Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hwang ES. Senescence suppressors: their practical importance in replicative lifespan extension in stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4207-19. [PMID: 25052377 PMCID: PMC11113678 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent animal and clinical studies report promising results for the therapeutic utilization of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with their pluripotent nature, have advantages over embryonic stem cells in terms of their availability and feasibility. However, their proliferative activity is destined to slow by replicative senescence, and the limited proliferative potential of MSCs not only hinders the preparation of sufficient cells for in vivo application, but also draws a limitation on their potential for differentiation. This calls for the development of safe and efficient means to increase the proliferative as well as differentiation potential of MSCs. Recent advances have led to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and significance of cellular senescence, facilitating ways to manipulate the replicative lifespan of a variety of primary cells, including MSCs. This paper introduces a class of proteins that function as senescence suppressors. Like tumor suppressors, these proteins are lost in senescence, while their forced expression delays the onset of senescence. Moreover, treatments that increase the expression or the activity of senescence suppressors, therefore, cause expansion of the replicative and differentiation potential of MSCs. The nature of the activities and putative underlying mechanisms of the senescence suppressors will be discussed to facilitate their evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemungu, Jeonnongdong 90, Seoul, 130-743, Republic of Korea,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hegseth MN, Gorbi S, Bocchetti R, Camus L, Gabrielsen GW, Regoli F. Effects of contaminant exposure and food restriction on hepatic autophagic lysosomal parameters in Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) chicks. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 164:43-50. [PMID: 24787519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal autophagic responses, such as lysosomal membrane stability, neutral lipids (NL), lipofuscin (LF), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, are valuable measures of cellular early-onset effects induced by environmental stress factors, such as contaminant exposure and fasting. In this study, these parameters were analysed and related to levels of halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs) in 40 Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) chicks. Chicks were experimentally exposed to HOCs through diet and went through a period of nutrient deprivation at the end of the experiment. HOC exposure and fasting were conducted separately and in combination. NL storages were depleted, and lysosomal membranes were destabilised after HOC exposure and nutrient deprivation. These responses were not related specifically to one type of stress or the extent of the treatment. No synergistic or additive effects from the combination of HOC exposure and fasting were observed. LF accumulated, and MDA levels increased as a result of fasting, but were unaffected by HOC exposure. LF accumulation was strongly associated with the percent weight change in the chicks. Large weight loss was associated with high LF levels, and slight weight gain was associated with low LF levels. Hence, food deprivation affected all the measured parameters, and HOC exposure decreased NL levels and lysosomal membrane stability in HG chick liver. Furthermore, autophagic lysosomal parameters have frequently been applied as biomarkers of cellular health status in previous studies of marine and terrestrial invertebrates, and this study suggests that these parameters may be good candidates for biomarkers of cellular health status in seabirds as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marit Nøst Hegseth
- Akvaplan-NIVA AS, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway; University of Tromsø, Breivika, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Stephania Gorbi
- Universita Polytechnica delle Marche, Facolta di Scienze, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bocchetti
- Universita Polytechnica delle Marche, Facolta di Scienze, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lionel Camus
- Akvaplan-NIVA AS, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Geir Wing Gabrielsen
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Universita Polytechnica delle Marche, Facolta di Scienze, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Höhn A, König J, Grune T. Protein oxidation in aging and the removal of oxidized proteins. J Proteomics 2013; 92:132-59. [PMID: 23333925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated constantly within cells at low concentrations even under physiological conditions. During aging the levels of ROS can increase due to a limited capacity of antioxidant systems and repair mechanisms. Proteins are among the main targets for oxidants due to their high rate constants for several reactions with ROS and their abundance in biological systems. Protein damage has an important influence on cellular viability since most protein damage is non-repairable, and has deleterious consequences on protein structure and function. In addition, damaged and modified proteins can form cross-links and provide a basis for many senescence-associated alterations and may contribute to a range of human pathologies. Two proteolytic systems are responsible to ensure the maintenance of cellular functions: the proteasomal (UPS) and the lysosomal system. Those degrading systems provide a last line of antioxidative protection, removing irreversible damaged proteins and recycling amino acids for the continuous protein synthesis. But during aging, both systems are affected and their proteolytic activity declines significantly. Here we highlight the recent advantages in the understanding of protein oxidation and the fate of these damaged proteins during aging. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Posttranslational Protein modifications in biology and Medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Höhn
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guo L, Xie B, Mao Z. Autophagy in premature senescent cells is activated via AMPK pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3563-3582. [PMID: 22489168 PMCID: PMC3317728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly regulated intracellular process involved in the turnover of most cellular constituents and in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In this study, we show that the activity of autophagy increases in H2O2 or RasV12-induced senescent fibroblasts. Inhibiting autophagy promotes cell apoptosis in senescent cells, suggesting that autophagy activation plays a cytoprotective role. Furthermore, our data indicate that the increase of autophagy in senescent cells is linked to the activation of transcription factor FoxO3A, which blocks ATP generation by transcriptionally up-regulating the expression of PDK4, an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, thus leading to AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which FoxO3A factors can activate autophagy via metabolic alteration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liujing Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; E-Mails:
| | - Bushan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; E-Mail:
| | - Zebin Mao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; E-Mails:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-82805138
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yeast chronological lifespan and proteotoxic stress: is autophagy good or bad? Biochem Soc Trans 2012; 39:1466-70. [PMID: 21936835 DOI: 10.1042/bst0391466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly conserved proteolytic mechanism of quality control, is essential for the maintenance of metabolic and cellular homoeostasis and for an efficient cellular response to stress. Autophagy declines with aging and is believed to contribute to different aspects of the aging phenotype. The nutrient-sensing pathways PKA (protein kinase A), Sch9 and TOR (target of rapamycin), involved in the regulation of yeast lifespan, also converge on a common targeted process: autophagy. The molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of autophagy and aging by these signalling pathways in yeast, with special attention to the TOR pathway, are discussed in the present paper. The question of whether or not autophagy could contribute to yeast cell death occurring during CLS (chronological lifespan) is discussed in the light of our findings obtained after autophagy activation promoted by proteotoxic stress. Autophagy progressively increases in cells expressing the aggregation-prone protein α-synuclein and seems to participate in the early cell death and shortening of CLS under these conditions, highlighting that autophagic activity should be maintained below physiological levels to exert its promising anti-aging effects.
Collapse
|
20
|
Diedrich M, Kitada T, Nebrich G, Koppelstaetter A, Shen J, Zabel C, Klose J, Mao L. Brain region specific mitophagy capacity could contribute to selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:59. [PMID: 21943346 PMCID: PMC3196908 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is histologically well defined by its characteristic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Remarkably, divergent PD-related mutations can generate comparable brain region specific pathologies. This indicates that some intrinsic region-specificity respecting differential neuron vulnerability exists, which codetermines the disease progression. To gain insight into the pathomechanism of PD, we investigated protein expression and protein oxidation patterns of three different brain regions in a PD mouse model, the PINK1 knockout mice (PINK1-KO), in comparison to wild type control mice. The dysfunction of PINK1 presumably affects mitochondrial turnover by disturbing mitochondrial autophagic pathways. The three brain regions investigated are the midbrain, which is the location of substantia nigra; striatum, the major efferent region of substantia nigra; and cerebral cortex, which is more distal to PD pathology. In all three regions, mitochondrial proteins responsible for energy metabolism and membrane potential were significantly altered in the PINK1-KO mice, but with very different region specific accents in terms of up/down-regulations. This suggests that disturbed mitophagy presumably induced by PINK1 knockout has heterogeneous impacts on different brain regions. Specifically, the midbrain tissue seems to be most severely hit by defective mitochondrial turnover, whereas cortex and striatum could compensate for mitophagy nonfunction by feedback stimulation of other catabolic programs. In addition, cerebral cortex tissues showed the mildest level of protein oxidation in both PINK1-KO and wild type mice, indicating either a better oxidative protection or less reactive oxygen species (ROS) pressure in this brain region. Ultra-structural histological examination in normal mouse brain revealed higher incidences of mitophagy vacuoles in cerebral cortex than in striatum and substantia nigra. Taken together, the delicate balance between oxidative protection and mitophagy capacity in different brain regions could contribute to brain region-specific pathological patterns in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Diedrich
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tohru Kitada
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Grit Nebrich
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Koppelstaetter
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jie Shen
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claus Zabel
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Klose
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Mao
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kiselyov K, Yamaguchi S, Lyons CW, Muallem S. Aberrant Ca2+ handling in lysosomal storage disorders. Cell Calcium 2010; 47:103-11. [PMID: 20053447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are caused by inability of cells to process the material captured during endocytosis. While they are essentially diseases of cellular "indigestion", LSDs affect large number of cellular activities and, as such, they teach us about the integrative function of the cell, as well as about the gaps in our knowledge of the endocytic pathway and membrane transport. The present review summarizes recent findings on Ca2+ handling in LSDs and attempts to identify the key questions on alterations in Ca2+ signaling and membrane transport in this group of diseases, answers to which may lie in delineating the cellular pathogeneses of LSDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Depuydt G, Vanfleteren JR, Braeckman BP. Protein metabolism and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 694:81-107. [PMID: 20886759 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7002-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lifespan of the versatile model system Caenorhabditis elegans can be extended by a decrease of insulin/IGF-1 signaling, TOR signaling, mitochondrial function, protein synthesis and dietary intake. The exact molecular mechanisms by which these modulations confer increased life expectancy are yet to be determined but increased stress resistance and improved protein homeostasis seem to be of major importance. In this chapter, we explore the interactions among several genetic pathways and cellular functions involved in lifespan extension and their relation to protein homeostasis in C. elegans. Several of these processes have been associated, however some relevant data are conflicting and further studies are needed to clarify these interactions. In mammals, protein homeostasis is also implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, many of which can be modeled in C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geert Depuydt
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marín-García J. Basic Mechanisms Mediating Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure in Aging. HEART FAILURE 2010. [PMCID: PMC7121883 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-147-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological aging represents the major risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF), malignancies, and neurodegenerative diseases. While risk factors such as lifestyle patterns, genetic traits, blood lipid levels, and diabetes can contribute to its development, advancing age remains the most determinant predictor of cardiac disease. Several parameters of left ventricular function may be affected with aging, including increased duration of systole, decreased sympathetic stimulation, and increased left ventricle ejection time, while compliance decreases. In addition, changes in cardiac phenotype with diastolic dysfunction, reduced contractility, left ventricular hypertrophy, and HF, all increase in incidence with age. Given the limited capacity that the heart has for regeneration, reversing or slowing the progression of these abnormalities poses a major challenge. In this chapter, we present a discussion on the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies and HF in aging and the potential involvement of specific genes identified as primary mediators of these diseases.
Collapse
|
24
|
Terskikh VV, Vasil’ev AV, Voroteliak EA. Stem cell self-renewal: The role of asymmetric division. BIOL BULL+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s106235900905001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
25
|
Abstract
Genomes replicate while the host cells reproduce. I explore the reproduction/replication dialogue, based on a deep analysis of bacterial genomes, in relation to ageing. Making young structures from aged ones implies creating information. I revisit Information Theory, showing that the laws of physics permit de novo creation of information, provided an energy-dependent process preserving functional entities makes room for entities accumulating information. I identify explicit functions involved in the process and characterise some of their genes. I suggest that the energy source necessary to establish reproduction while replication is temporarily stopped could be the ubiquitous polyphosphates. Finally, I show that rather than maintain and repair the original individual, organisms tend to metamorphose into young ones, sometimes totally, sometimes progressively. This permits living systems to accumulate information over generations, but has the drawback, in multicellular organisms, to open the door for immortalisation, leading to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Danchin
- Genetics of Bacterial Genomes, CNRS URA2171, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ho HY, Cheng ML, Cheng PF, Chiu DTY. Low oxygen tension alleviates oxidative damage and delays cellular senescence in G6PD-deficient cells. Free Radic Res 2009; 41:571-9. [PMID: 17454140 DOI: 10.1080/10715760601184819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient cells are under increased oxidative stress and undergo premature cellular senescence. The present study demonstrates that G6PD-deficient cells cultured under 3% oxygen concentration had an extended replicative lifespan, as compared with those cultured under atmospheric oxygen level. This was accompanied by a reduction in the number of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal) positive and morphologically senile cells at comparable population doubling levels (PDL). Concomitant with the extension of lifespan was decreased production of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, lifespan extension was paralleled by the greatly abated formation of such oxidative damage markers as 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as well as the oxidized and cross-linked proteins. Moreover, the mitochondrial mass increased, but the mitochondrial membrane potential DeltaPsim decreased in cells upon serial propagation. These changes were inhibited by lowering the oxygen tension. Our findings provide additional support to the notion that oxidative damage contributes to replicative senescence of G6PD-deficient cells and reduction of oxidative damage by lowering oxygen tension can delay the onset of cellular senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yao Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Kwei-san, Tao-yuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mathieu JM, Schloendorn J, Rittmann BE, Alvarez PJJ. Medical bioremediation of age-related diseases. Microb Cell Fact 2009; 8:21. [PMID: 19358742 PMCID: PMC2674406 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-8-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Catabolic insufficiency in humans leads to the gradual accumulation of a number of pathogenic compounds associated with age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and macular degeneration. Removal of these compounds is a widely researched therapeutic option, but the use of antibodies and endogenous human enzymes has failed to produce effective treatments, and may pose risks to cellular homeostasis. Another alternative is "medical bioremediation," the use of microbial enzymes to augment missing catabolic functions. The microbial genetic diversity in most natural environments provides a resource that can be mined for enzymes capable of degrading just about any energy-rich organic compound. This review discusses targets for biodegradation, the identification of candidate microbial enzymes, and enzyme-delivery methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques M Mathieu
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Schloendorn
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Pedro JJ Alvarez
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Studies on the relationship between oxidative stress and ageing in different vertebrate species and in calorie-restricted animals are reviewed. Endogenous antioxidants inversely correlate with maximum longevity in animal species and experiments modifying levels of these antioxidants can increase survival and mean life span but not maximum life span (MLSP). The available evidence shows that long-living vertebrates consistently have low rates of mitochondrial free radical generation, as well as a low grade of fatty acid unsaturation on cellular membranes, which are two crucial factors determining their ageing rate. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA is also lower in long-living vertebrates than in short-living vertebrates. Calorie restriction, the best described experimental strategy that consistently increases mean and maximum life span, also decreases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA. Recent data indicate that the decrease in mitochondrial ROS generation is due to protein restriction rather than to calorie restriction, and more specifically to dietary methionine restriction. Greater longevity would be partly achieved by a low rate of endogenous oxidative damage generation, but also by a macromolecular composition highly resistant to oxidative modification, as is the case for lipids and proteins.
Collapse
|
29
|
Endolysosomal phospholipidosis and cytosolic lipid droplet storage and release in macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2008; 1791:524-39. [PMID: 19146988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current knowledge of endolysosomal and cytoplasmic lipid storage in macrophages induced by oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL), enzymatically degraded LDL (E-LDL) and other atherogenic lipoprotein modifications, and their relation to the adapter protein 3 (AP-3) dependent ABCA1 and ABCG1 cellular lipid efflux pathways. We compare endolysosomal lipid storage caused either through drug induced phospholipidosis, inheritable endolysosomal and cytosolic lipid storage disorders and Ox-LDL or E-LDL induced phagosomal uptake and cytosolic lipid droplet storage in macrophages. Ox-LDL is resistant to rapid endolysosomal hydrolysis and is trapped within the endolysosomal compartment generating lamellar bodies which resemble the characteristics of phospholipidosis. Various inherited lysosomal storage diseases including sphingolipidosis, glycosphingolipidosis and cholesterylester storage diseases also present a phospholipidosis phenotype. In contrast E-LDL resembling coreless unesterified cholesterol enriched LDL-particles, with a multilamellar, liposome-like structure, lead to rapid phagosomal degradation and cytosolic lipid droplet accumulation. As a consequence the uptake of E-LDL through type I and type II phagocytosis leads to increased lipid droplet formation and moderate upregulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 while uptake of Ox-LDL leads to a rapid expansion of the lysosomal compartment and a pronounced upregulation of the ABCA1/ABCG1/AP-3 lipid efflux pathway.
Collapse
|
30
|
Cuervo AM. Autophagy and aging: keeping that old broom working. Trends Genet 2008; 24:604-12. [PMID: 18992957 PMCID: PMC2745226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly conserved mechanism of quality control inside cells, is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and for the orchestration of an efficient cellular response to stress. The decrease in autophagic activity observed in almost all cells and tissues as organisms age was proposed to contribute to different aspects of the aging phenotype and to the aggravation of detrimental age-related diseases. The recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy and the identification of the subset of genes involved in this process has enabled the use of genetic manipulations to start testing this hypothesis. Here, I review the recent genetic evidence in support of tight connections between autophagy, health span and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center and Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Ullmann B. 611, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hallén A. Makeham's addition to the Gompertz law re-evaluated. Biogerontology 2008; 10:517-22. [PMID: 18951143 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-008-9184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Makeham parameter, a constant mortality rate independent of aging added to the Gompertz law of human mortality, is proposed to be a measure of the impact on mortality rate by extrinsic causes of mortality, with the effect of aging removed. A small intrinsic contribution to mortality, assumed to depend on the components involved in cellular function, is linked to the initial mortality rate of the Gompertz law. To avoid biased results and conclusions, the impact of extrinsic mortality should be eliminated from the Gompertz parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anund Hallén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Abstract
Aging at the molecular level is characterized by the progressive accumulation of molecular damage. The sources of damage act randomly through environmental and metabolically generated free radicals, through spontaneous errors in biochemical reactions, and through nutritional components. However, damage to a macromolecule may depend on its structure, localization and interactions with other macromolecules. Damage to the maintenance and repair pathways comprising homeodynamic machinery leads to age-related failure of homeodynamics, increased molecular heterogeneity, altered cellular functioning, reduced stress tolerance, diseases and ultimate death. Novel approaches for testing and developing effective means of intervention, prevention and modulation of aging involve means to minimize the occurrence and accumulation of molecular damage. Mild stress-induced hormesis by physical, biological and nutritional methods, including hormetins, represents a promising strategy for achieving healthy aging and for preventing age-related diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
Asymmetric segregation of protein aggregates is associated with cellular aging and rejuvenation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:3076-81. [PMID: 18287048 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0708931105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, defined as a decrease in reproduction rate with age, is a fundamental characteristic of all living organisms down to bacteria. Yet we know little about the causal molecular mechanisms of aging within the in vivo context of a wild-type organism. One of the prominent markers of aging is protein aggregation, associated with cellular degeneracy in many age-related diseases, although its in vivo dynamics and effect are poorly understood. We followed the appearance and inheritance of spontaneous protein aggregation within lineages of Escherichia coli grown under nonstressed conditions using time-lapse microscopy and a fluorescently tagged chaperone (IbpA) involved in aggregate processing. The fluorescent marker is shown to faithfully identify in vivo the localization of aggregated proteins, revealing their accumulation upon cell division in cells with older poles. This accretion is associated with >30% of the loss of reproductive ability (aging) in these cells relative to the new-pole progeny, devoid of parental inclusion bodies, that exhibit rejuvenation. This suggests an asymmetric strategy whereby dividing cells segregate damage at the expense of aging individuals, resulting in the perpetuation of the population.
Collapse
|
34
|
Vicencio JM, Galluzzi L, Tajeddine N, Ortiz C, Criollo A, Tasdemir E, Morselli E, Ben Younes A, Maiuri MC, Lavandero S, Kroemer G. Senescence, Apoptosis or Autophagy? Gerontology 2008; 54:92-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000129697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
35
|
Wohlgemuth SE, Julian D, Akin DE, Fried J, Toscano K, Leeuwenburgh C, Dunn WA. Autophagy in the heart and liver during normal aging and calorie restriction. Rejuvenation Res 2007; 10:281-92. [PMID: 17665967 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2006.0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly regulated intracellular process for the degradation of cellular constituents and essential for the maintenance of a healthy cell. We evaluated the effects of age and life-long calorie restriction on autophagy in heart and liver of young (6 months) and old (26 months) Fisher 344 rats. We observed that the occurrence of autophagic vacuoles was higher in heart than liver. The occurrence of autophagic vacuoles was not affected by age in either tissue, but was increased with calorie restriction in heart but not in liver. Next, we examined the expression of proteins involved in the formation and maturation of autophagosomes (beclin-1, LC3, Atg7, Atg9) or associated with autolysosomes and lysosomes (LAMP-1; cathepsin D). In hearts of both ad libitum-fed and calorie-restricted rats, we observed an increase in expression of beclin-1 and procathepsin D, but not mature cathepsin D, and a decrease in expression of LAMP-1 because of aging. In hearts, calorie restriction stimulated the expression of Atg7 and Atg9 and the lipidation of Atg8 (elevated LC3-II/I ratios) in aged rats. In hearts of ad libitum-fed rats, expression of Atg7 and lipidation of Atg8 were unaffected by age, while the cellular levels of Atg9 were lower in aged animals. Furthermore, we observed that the age- and diet-dependent expression levels of those proteins differed between heart and liver. In conclusion, autophagy in heart and liver did not decrease with age in ad libitum-fed rats, but was enhanced by calorie restriction in the heart. Thus, calorie restriction may mediate some of its beneficial effects by stimulating autophagy in the heart, indicating the potential for cardioprotective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Wohlgemuth
- Biochemistry of Aging Laboratory, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0107, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Navratil M, Terman A, Arriaga EA. Giant mitochondria do not fuse and exchange their contents with normal mitochondria. Exp Cell Res 2007; 314:164-72. [PMID: 17964571 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Revised: 09/08/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Giant mitochondria accumulate within aged or diseased postmitotic cells as a consequence of insufficient autophagy, which is normally responsible for mitochondrial degradation. We report that giant mitochondria accumulating in cultured rat myoblasts due to inhibition of autophagy have low inner membrane potential and do not fuse with each other or with normal mitochondria. In addition to the low inner mitochondrial membrane potential in giant mitochondria, the quantity of the OPA1 mitochondrial fusion protein in these mitochondria was low, but the abundance of mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) remained unchanged. The combination of these factors may explain the lack of mitochondrial fusion in giant mitochondria and imply that the dysfunctional giant mitochondria cannot restore their function by fusing and exchanging their contents with fully functional mitochondria. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms of accumulation of age-related mitochondrial damage in postmitotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Navratil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Recent insights into the function and dysfunction of microglia may inform future therapies to combat neurodegeneration. We hypothesise how different aspects of microglial activity including migration, activation, oxidative response, phagocytosis, proteolysis, and replenishment could be targeted by novel therapeutic approaches. A combined approach is suggested, encompassing opsonization and anti-inflammatory strategies in conjunction with an engineering of microglial precursors. Xenoproteases for bioremediation could be used to enhance intracellular and extracellular proteolytic capacity. The capacity of microglial precursors to cross the blood-brain barrier and to home in on sites of neural damage and inflammation might prove to be particularly useful for future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Schloendorn
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hallén A. Gompertz law and aging as exclusion effects. Biogerontology 2007; 8:605-12. [PMID: 17647087 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-007-9087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The exponential increase with age in mortality rate, the Gompertz law, indicates that the decrease in vitality and viability linked to aging depends on phenomena with exponential or logarithmic dynamics. Gompertz slope (alpha) is assumed to be a measure of aging rate, provided the studied cohort is homogeneous and in a supporting environment. The law provides no clue about the cause of aging, but may be formally correlated with various physical or mathematical functions. A possible correlation between the Ogston-Laurent exclusion equation and human aging is examined. An increase with age of an inert cross-linked insoluble protein network is assumed to result in a logarithmic decrease in water volume available to colloidal macromolecules. In this model, alpha is assumed to be a measure of the rate of accumulation of the polypeptide network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anund Hallén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 582, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Maier AB, Westendorp RGJ, VAN Heemst D. Beta-galactosidase activity as a biomarker of replicative senescence during the course of human fibroblast cultures. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1100:323-32. [PMID: 17460195 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1395.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been called into question whether the commonly used beta-galactosidase staining is a reliable biomarker of cellular senescence because induction of beta-galactosidase activity also occurs independently of senescence. Here, we tested whether cytochemically detectable beta-galactosidase activity is reproducible and reflects the rate of cellular aging in vitro. Therefore, we serially cultured fibroblasts from 12 different donors and stained the cells for beta-galactosidase at pH 6 until the onset of the permanent growth arrest of the individual cultures. All fibroblast strains displayed a high replicative capacity with a similar growth pattern during the exponential growth phase and a very high interbiopsy variability in the onset of decreased mitotic activity and in the onset of growth arrest. Correspondingly, beta-galactosidase activity was low during the exponential growth phase, with an individually defined significant increase in activity when the growth speed of the culture decreased. The increase in beta-galactosidase activity was a better predictor for the onset of the decreased growth speed than the chronological life span of the culture expressed in population doublings. Within the phase of decreased mitotic activity, we observed a high fluctuation in the percentage of positively stained fibroblasts. Thus, our results support beta-galactosidase activity as a reliable biomarker for the course of replicative senescence, if used under defined standardized conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B Maier
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kiselyov K, Jennigs JJ, Rbaibi Y, Chu CT. Autophagy, mitochondria and cell death in lysosomal storage diseases. Autophagy 2007; 3:259-62. [PMID: 17329960 PMCID: PMC2777544 DOI: 10.4161/auto.3906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are debilitating genetic conditions that frequently manifest as neurodegenerative disorders. They severely affect eye, motor and cognitive functions and, in most cases, abbreviate the lifespan. Postmitotic cells such as neurons and mononuclear phagocytes rich in lysosomes are most often affected by the accumulation of undegraded material. Cell death is well documented in parts of the brain and in other cells of LSD patients and animal models, although little is known about mechanisms by which death pathways are activated in these diseases, and not all cells exhibiting increased storage material are affected by cell death. Lysosomes are essential for maturation and completion of autophagy-initiated protein and organelle degradation. Moreover, accumulation of effete mitochondria has been documented in postmitotic cells whose lysosomal function is suppressed or in aging cells with lipofuscin accumulation. Based upon observations in the literature and our own data showing similar mitochondrial abnormalities in several LSDs, we propose a new model of cell death in LSDs. We suggest that the lysosomal deficiencies in LSDs inhibit autophagic maturation, leading to a condition of autophagic stress. The resulting accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria showing impaired Ca2+ buffering increases the vulnerability of the cells to pro-apoptotic signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hallén A. Gompertz law and aging as exclusion effects. Biogerontology 2007; 8:595-603. [PMID: 17468939 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-007-9092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The exponential increase with age in mortality rate, the Gompertz law, indicates that the decrease in vitality and viability linked to aging depends on phenomena with exponential or logarithmic dynamics. Gompertz slope (alpha) is assumed to be a measure of aging rate, provided the studied cohort is homogeneous and in a supporting environment. The law provides no clue about the cause of aging, but may be formally correlated with various physical or mathematical functions. A possible correlation between the Ogston-Laurent exclusion equation and human aging is examined. An increase with age of an inert cross-linked insoluble protein network is assumed to result in a logarithmic decrease in water volume available to colloidal macromolecules. In this model, alpha is assumed to be a measure of the rate of accumulation of the polypeptide network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anund Hallén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Box 582, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Traditional categorization of theories of aging into programmed and stochastic ones is outdated and obsolete. Biological aging is considered to occur mainly during the period of survival beyond the natural or essential lifespan (ELS) in Darwinian terms. Organisms survive to achieve ELS by virtue of genetically determined longevity assuring maintenance and repair systems (MRS). Aging at the molecular level is characterized by the progressive accumulation of molecular damage caused by environmental and metabolically generated free radicals, by spontaneous errors in biochemical reactions, and by nutritional components. Damages in the MRS and other pathways lead to age-related failure of MRS, molecular heterogeneity, cellular dysfunctioning, reduced stress tolerance, diseases and ultimate death. A unified theory of biological aging in terms of failure of homeodynamics comprising of MRS, and involving genes, milieu and chance, is acquiring a definitive shape and wider acceptance. Such a theory also establishes the basis for testing and developing effective means of intervention, prevention and modulation of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh I S Rattan
- Laboratory of Cellular Ageing, Department of Molecular Biology, Danish Centre for Molecular Gerontology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus-C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jennings JJ, Zhu JH, Rbaibi Y, Luo X, Chu CT, Kiselyov K. Mitochondrial aberrations in mucolipidosis Type IV. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:39041-50. [PMID: 17056595 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m607982200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV is a genetic lysosomal storage disease associated with degenerative processes in the brain, eye, and other tissues. Mucolipidosis type IV results from mutations in the gene MCOLN1, which codes for the TRP family ion channel, mucolipin 1. The connection between lysosomal dysfunction and degenerative processes in mucolipidosis type IV is unclear. Here we report that mucolipidosis type IV and several unrelated lysosomal storage diseases are associated with significant mitochondrial fragmentation and decreased mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering efficiency. The mitochondrial alterations observed in these lysosomal storage diseases are reproduced in control cells by treatment with lysosomal inhibitors and with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. This suggests that inefficient autophagolysosomal recycling of mitochondria generates fragmented, effete mitochondria in mucolipidosis. Mitochondria accumulate that cannot properly buffer calcium fluxes in the cell. A decrease in mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering capacity in cells affected by these lysosomal storage diseases is associated with increased sensitivity to apoptosis induced by Ca2+-mobilizing agonists and executed via a caspase-8-dependent pathway. Deficient Ca2+ homeostasis may represent a common mechanism of degenerative cell death in several lysosomal storage diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Jennings
- Department of Biological Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Terman A, Gustafsson B, Brunk UT. Mitochondrial damage and intralysosomal degradation in cellular aging. Mol Aspects Med 2006; 27:471-82. [PMID: 16973208 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Normal mitochondrial respiration is associated with a continuous production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, inevitably resulting in minor macromolecular damage. Damaged cellular components are not completely turned over by autophagy and other cellular repair systems, leading to a progressive age-related accumulation of biological "garbage" material, such as defective mitochondria, cytoplasmic protein aggregates and an intralysosomal undegradable material, lipofuscin. These changes primarily affect neurons, cardiac myocytes and other long-lived postmitotic cells that neither dilute this "garbage" by mitotic activity, nor are replaced by newly differentiated cells. Defective mitochondria are insufficient in ATP production and often generate increased amounts of reactive oxygen species, further enhancing oxidative stress. Lipofuscin-loaded lysosomes, in turn, poorly turn over mitochondria that gradually leads to the overload of long-lived postmitotic cells with "garbage" material, decreased adaptability and eventual cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Terman
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, INR, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hipkiss AR. Dietary restriction, glycolysis, hormesis and ageing. Biogerontology 2006; 8:221-4. [PMID: 16969712 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-006-9034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The possibility is discussed that dietary restriction modulates ageing and onset of related pathologies by, in addition to upregulation of proteolysis, suppression of glycolysis which in turn decreases generation of methylglyoxal (MG), a highly toxic glycating agent which can provoke cellular senescence and many age-related pathologies. This proposal is supported by the observation that intermittent feeding can mimic dietary restriction's effects on mouse lifespan without any overall reduction in calorie intake. That MG-induced modification of the chaperone and anti-apoptotic protein (Hsp27) increases its protective functions suggests a possible hormetic response to transient MG production during transient periods of glycolysis in dietary restricted animals. It is suggested that in the ad libitum-fed state permanent glycolysis would suppress proteolysis and continuously generate MG which overwhelms the anti-MG defence systems. It is proposed that periods of fasting might be a more acceptable approach than permanent undernutrition in our attempts to slow human ageing, although timing of meals may prove important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Hipkiss
- Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts' and the London Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1 6BQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jerome WG. Advanced atherosclerotic foam cell formation has features of an acquired lysosomal storage disorder. Rejuvenation Res 2006; 9:245-55. [PMID: 16706652 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2006.9.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease of large- and medium-sized arteries. Complications from atherosclerosis remain a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. The disease begins very early in life and effects most people in the West. However, because the progression of the disease is slow, symptoms usually do not occur until after the fifth decade of life. Because atherosclerosis is a ubiquitous occurrence throughout the world, as life expectancy is prolonged most populations will see increasing numbers of deaths from complications of atherosclerosis unless there are dramatic advances in treatment. Because it begins so early in life, current treatment is aimed at slowing or reversing the progression of the disease rather than eliminating the initiating steps. Changes in diet and exercise, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and improvements in surgical treatments have made significant inroads into prolonging life, but much work is still required. To proceed further, a better understanding is needed of the underlying causes of disease progression. In this regard, evidence is mounting that the foam cells of the lesion (a critical cell in atherosclerosis progression) exhibit characteristics of an acquired lysosomal storage disorder. In this review the evidence for this conclusion is reviewed and the ramifications of this conclusion are explored with regard to the understanding of disease progression mechanisms, possible improvements in treatment, and their role in increasing life expectancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Gray Jerome
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2561, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Cellular degradative processes, which include lysosomal (autophagic) and proteasomal degradation, as well as the activity of cytosolic and mitochondrial proteases, provide for a continuous turnover of damaged and obsolete biomolecules and organelles. Inherent insufficiency of these degradative processes results in progressive accumulation within long-lived postmitotic cells of biological "garbage" ("waste" material), such as indigestible protein aggregates, defective mitochondria, and lipofuscin (age pigment), an intralysosomal, polymeric, undegradable material. Intracellular "garbage" is neither completely catabolized, nor exocytosed to any considerable extent. Heavy lipofuscin loading of lysosomes, typical of old age, seems to pronouncedly decrease autophagic potential. As postulated in the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis theory of aging, this occurs on account of the transport of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes to lipofuscin-loaded lysosomes rather than to active lysosomes/late endosomes, making the enzyme content of autophagolysosomes insufficient for proper degradation. Consequently, the turnover of mitochondria progressively declines, resulting in decreased ATP synthesis and enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species, inducing further mitochondrial damage and additional lipofuscin formation. With advancing age, lipofuscin-loaded lysosomes and defective mitochondria occupy increasingly larger parts of long-lived postmitotic cells, leaving less and less capability for normal turnover and ATP production, finally resulting in cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Terman
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Linköping University, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pamplona R, Barja G. Mitochondrial oxidative stress, aging and caloric restriction: the protein and methionine connection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2006; 1757:496-508. [PMID: 16574059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) decreases aging rate and mitochondrial ROS (MitROS) production and oxidative stress in rat postmitotic tissues. Low levels of these parameters are also typical traits of long-lived mammals and birds. However, it is not known what dietary components are responsible for these changes during CR. It was recently observed that 40% protein restriction without strong CR also decreases MitROS generation and oxidative stress. This is interesting because protein restriction also increases maximum longevity (although to a lower extent than CR) and is a much more practicable intervention for humans than CR. Moreover, it was recently found that 80% methionine restriction substituting it for l-glutamate in the diet also decreases MitROS generation in rat liver. Thus, methionine restriction seems to be responsible for the decrease in ROS production observed in caloric restriction. This is interesting because it is known that exactly that procedure of methionine restriction also increases maximum longevity. Moreover, recent data show that methionine levels in tissue proteins negatively correlate with maximum longevity in mammals and birds. All these suggest that lowering of methionine levels is involved in the control of mitochondrial oxidative stress and vertebrate longevity by at least two different mechanisms: decreasing the sensitivity of proteins to oxidative damage, and lowering of the rate of ROS generation at mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida 25008, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|