1
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Isaacson JR, Berg MD, Jagiello J, Yeung W, Charles B, Villén J, Brandl CJ, Moehring AJ. Mistranslating tRNA variants have anticodon- and sex-specific impacts on Drosophila melanogaster. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598535. [PMID: 38915589 PMCID: PMC11195196 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are vital in determining the specificity of translation. Mutations in tRNA genes can result in the misincorporation of amino acids into nascent polypeptides in a process known as mistranslation. Since mistranslation has different impacts, depending on the type of amino acid substitution, our goal here was to compare the impact of different mistranslating tRNASer variants on fly development, lifespan, and behaviour. We established two mistranslating fly lines, one with a tRNASer variant that misincorporates serine at valine codons (V→S) and the other that misincorporates serine at threonine codons (T→S). While both mistranslating tRNAs increased development time and developmental lethality, the severity of the impacts differed depending on amino acid substitution and sex. The V→S variant extended embryonic, larval, and pupal development whereas the T→S only extended larval and pupal development. Females, but not males, containing either mistranslating tRNA presented with significantly more anatomical deformities than controls. Mistranslating females also experienced extended lifespan whereas mistranslating male lifespan was unaffected. In addition, mistranslating flies from both sexes showed improved locomotion as they aged, suggesting delayed neurodegeneration. Therefore, although mistranslation causes detrimental effects, we demonstrate that mistranslation also has positive effects on complex traits such as lifespan and locomotion. This has important implications for human health given the prevalence of tRNA variants in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D. Berg
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Jessica Jagiello
- Department of Biology, Western University, N6A 5B7, London, Canada
| | - William Yeung
- Department of Biology, Western University, N6A 5B7, London, Canada
| | - Brendan Charles
- Department of Biology, Western University, N6A 5B7, London, Canada
| | - Judit Villén
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
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Mbande A, Mutamiswa R, Chidawanyika F. Ontogenetic responses of physiological fitness in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in response to repeated cold exposure. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:449-455. [PMID: 37587795 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In this era of global climate change, intrinsic rapid and evolutionary responses of invasive agricultural pests to thermal variability are of concern given the potential implications on their biogeography and dire consequences on human food security. For insects, chill coma recovery time (CCRT) and critical thermal minima (CTmin), the point at which neuromuscular coordination is lost following cold exposure, remain good indices for cold tolerance. Using laboratory-reared Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), we explored cold tolerance repeated exposure across life stages of this invasive insect pest. Specifically, we measured their CTmin and CCRT across four consecutive assays, each 24 h apart. In addition, we assessed body water content (BWC) and body lipid content (BLC) of the life stages. Our results showed that CTmin improved with repeated exposure in 5th instar larvae, virgin males and females while CCRT improved in 4th, 5th and 6th instar larvae following repeated cold exposure. In addition, the results revealed evidence of cold hardening in this invasive insect pest. However, there was no correlation between cold tolerance and BWC as well as BLC. Our results show capacity for cold hardening and population persistence of S. frugiperda in cooler environments. This suggests potential of fall armyworm (FAW) to withstand considerable harsh winter environments typical of its recently invaded geographic range in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abongile Mbande
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Reyard Mutamiswa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Tugwi-Mukosi Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
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3
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Wei X, Li G, Zhang ZQ. Prey life stages modulate effects of predation stress on prey lifespan, development, and reproduction in mites. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:844-856. [PMID: 36271685 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The non-consumptive effects of predator-induced stress can influence a variety of life-history traits. Many previous studies focused only on short-term effects such as development and reproductive rates. Recent studies have showed that long-term predation stress (given during the whole life of the prey) and short-term predation stress (provided during the immature stage of the prey) could generate completely opposite results: the former could decrease lifespan, whereas the later could increase lifespan. However, it is still unclear whether the advantage is because of the short duration of exposure or the early stage of life during which exposure was exerted. Thus, in this study, the prey (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) was exposed to predation stress from the predator (Neoseiulus cucumeris) during different life stages (larva, protonymph, tritonymph, first 5 d of oviposition, the full lifespan or none of the above). The results showed that the predation stress supplied during larval and protonymphal stage delayed development, reduced fecundity and prolonged lifespan of the prey, while the stress given during tritonymphal stage only reduced lifespan slightly and the stress given during the first 5 d of oviposition did not change lifespan but reduced fecundity. This study indicated that the effects of predation stress are dependent on prey life stage and the predation stress experienced in the early life stages is important to lifespan modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wei
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guangyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
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4
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Wei X, Liu J, Zhang ZQ. Predation stress experienced as immature mites extends their lifespan. Biogerontology 2023; 24:67-79. [PMID: 36085209 PMCID: PMC9845153 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The early-life experience is important in modulating the late-life performance of individuals. It has been predicted that there were trade-offs between early-life fitness and late-life success. Most of the studies on senescence have focused on the trade-offs between the reproduction and lifespan, and the influences of diet, mating, and other factors. Because the negative, non-consumptive effects of predators could also modulate the behaviour and underlying mechanisms of the prey, this study aimed to examine the different effects of predator-induced stress experienced in the early life compared with later life of the prey. The prey (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) was exposed to predation stress from the predator (Neoseiulus cucumeris) during different periods of its life (immature, oviposition period, and post-oviposition period). The results showed that the predation stress experienced during immature stages delayed development by 7.3% and prolonged lifespan by 9.7%, while predation stress experienced in the adult stage (both oviposition and post-oviposition periods) decreased lifespans of T. putrescentiae (by 24.8% and 28.7%, respectively). Predation stress experienced during immature stages also reduced female fecundity by 7.3%, whereas that experienced during the oviposition period reduced fecundity of the prey by 50.7%. This study demonstrated for the first time lifespan extension by exposure to predation stress when young and highlighted the importance of early-life experience to aging and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wei
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, People’s Republic of China, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, 231 Morrin Road, St Johns, Auckland, New Zealand.
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5
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Liang B, Zhang D, Liu X, Xu Y, Tang H, Li Y, Shen J. Sex-specific effects of PET-MPs on Drosophila lifespan. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21909. [PMID: 35506545 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, as an emerging pollutant, microplastic (MPs) pollution is gradually becoming a research hotspot. MPs are ubiquitous in the entire ecological environment. Organisms can be exposed to MPs via inhalation or ingestion. In view of the widespread of MPs pollution, the impact of MPs on biology should be further investigated. In previous experiments, we have conducted research on the physiology of Drosophila exposed to polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET-MPs). However, will the lifespan of Drosophila be affected under long-term PET-MPs exposure? The analysis of variance analysis of our experimental results indicates that there are significant differences between males and females, F(1, 895) = 68.19, p < 0.001, between PET-MPs concentration, F(3, 895) = 8.11, p < 0.001. There are also significant interactions between sex and MP concentration, F(3, 895) = 4.00, p < 0.01. For Cox and log-rank test, 1 g/L of PET-MPs prolongs the lifespan of male flies. The reason for this phenomenon may be the hormesis effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boying Liang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dake Zhang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingyou Liu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Tang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Shen
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Rix RR, Cutler GC. Review of molecular and biochemical responses during stress induced stimulation and hormesis in insects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154085. [PMID: 35218848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The biphasic hormetic response to stress, defined by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition is frequently observed in insects. Various molecular and biochemical responses associated with hormesis in insects have been reported in many studies, but no synthesis of all these findings has been undertaken. We conducted a systematic literature review, analyzing papers demonstrating phenotypic stimulatory effect(s) following exposure to stress where molecular or biochemical response(s) were also examined. Responses observed included stimulation of reproduction, survival and longevity, growth and development, and tolerance to temperature, chemical, or starvation and desiccation, in response to stressors including pesticides, oxidative stress, temperature, crowding and starvation, and radiation. Phenotypic stimulation ranged from <25% increased above controls to >100%. Reproductive stimulation was frequently <25% increased above controls, while stimulated temperature tolerance was frequently >100% increased. Molecular and biochemical responses had obvious direct connections to phenotypic responses in many cases, although not in all instances. Increased expression of heat shock proteins occurred in association with stimulated temperature tolerance, and increased expression of detoxification genes with stimulated pesticide or chemical tolerance, but also stimulated reproduction. Changes in the expression or activity of antioxidants were frequently associated with stimulation of longevity and reproduction. Stress induced changes in vitellogenin and juvenile hormone and genes in the IIS/TOR signalling pathway - which are directly responsible for regulating growth, development, and reproduction - were also reported. Our analysis showed that coordination of expression of genes or proteins associated with protection from oxidative stress and DNA and protein damage is important in the hormetic responses of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Rix
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - G Christopher Cutler
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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7
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Operant conditioning in antlion larvae and its impairment following exposure to elevated temperatures. Anim Cogn 2021; 25:509-518. [PMID: 34689302 PMCID: PMC9107435 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-021-01570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Although ambush predators were previously considered limited in their cognitive abilities compared to their widely foraging relatives, there is accumulating evidence it does not hold true. Pit-building antlions are already known to associate vibrations in the sand with the arrival of prey. We used a T-maze and successfully trained antlions to turn right or left against their initial turning bias, leading to a suitable substrate for digging traps. We present here the first evidence for operant conditioning and T-maze solving in antlions. Furthermore, we show that exposure of second instar larvae to an elevated temperature led to impaired retention of what was learned in a T-maze when tested after moulting into the third instar, compared to larvae raised under a more benign temperature. We suggest that climate change, involving an increase in mean temperatures as well as rare events (e.g., heatwaves) might negatively affect the retention of operant conditioning in antlions, alongside known, more frequently studied effects, such as changes in body size and distribution.
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8
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Le Bourg E. Is lifespan linked with developmental viability in Drosophila melanogaster? Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111583. [PMID: 34655704 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived lines of flies have been selected by reproduction at older ages and correlated responses observed, and particularly whether development of flies was modified. Using these selected lines or flies subjected to larval crowding of food restriction during development, two studies have computed, among lines, a correlation between viability of eggs and larvae and mean lifespan of adults: mean lifespan was longer when the viability was lower, showing a selection of fittest flies. The present study correlates viability and mean lifespan observed during three decades in a single wild-type strain. Contrary to the previous studies, a slight but not significant positive correlation is observed, showing that lifespan can hardly increase when viability increases. Therefore, it is not clear whether development and lifespan are linked, as hypothesised by some authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Le Bourg
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI Toulouse), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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9
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Goh GH, Blache D, Mark PJ, Kennington WJ, Maloney SK. Daily temperature cycles prolong lifespan and have sex-specific effects on peripheral clock gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:237805. [PMID: 33758022 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.233213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms optimize health by coordinating the timing of physiological processes to match predictable daily environmental challenges. The circadian rhythm of body temperature is thought to be an important modulator of molecular clocks in peripheral tissues, but how daily temperature cycles affect physiological function is unclear. Here, we examined the effect of constant temperature (Tcon, 25°C) and cycling temperature (Tcyc, 28°C:22°C during light:dark) paradigms on lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster, and the expression of clock genes, heat shock protein 83 (Hsp83), Frost (Fst) and senescence marker protein-30 (smp-30). Male and female D. melanogaster housed at Tcyc had longer median lifespans than those housed at Tcon. Tcyc induced robust Hsp83 rhythms and rescued the age-related decrease in smp-30 expression that was observed in flies at Tcon, potentially indicating an increased capacity to cope with age-related cellular stress. Ageing under Tcon led to a decrease in the amplitude of expression of all clock genes in the bodies of male flies, except for cyc, which was non-rhythmic, and for per and cry in female flies. Strikingly, housing under Tcyc conditions rescued the age-related decrease in amplitude of all clock genes, and generated rhythmicity in cyc expression, in the male flies, but not the female flies. The results suggest that ambient temperature rhythms modulate D. melanogaster lifespan, and that the amplitude of clock gene expression in peripheral body clocks may be a potential link between temperature rhythms and longevity in male D. melanogaster. Longevity due to Tcyc appeared predominantly independent of clock gene amplitude in female D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H Goh
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Dominique Blache
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peter J Mark
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - W Jason Kennington
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shane K Maloney
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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10
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A mild heat stress increases resistance to heat of dFOXO Drosophila melanogaster mutants but less in wild-type flies. Biogerontology 2021; 22:237-251. [PMID: 33665732 PMCID: PMC7931791 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
While severe stresses have deleterious effects, mild stresses can have beneficial effects called hormetic effects. This study observed survival time at 37.5 °C and at 13-16 days of age of wild-type Drosophila melanogaster flies and dFOXO mutants, after they were subjected to 5 or 10 min daily at 37.5 °C for 5 days starting at 5 days of age. This mild stress increased survival time of the mutants, this effect being nearly not observed in wild-type flies. Previous studies showed that another mild stress, the cold, can increase survival time to heat of wild-type flies, but not of dFOXO mutants, while hypergravity increased survival time of mutants but not of wild-type flies. Therefore, three mild stresses, cold, hypergravity, and heat can increase resistance to heat but the pathways mediating this effect are seemingly different, as cold does not increase resistance in dFOXO mutants but increases it in wild-type flies, while hypergravity and heat have opposite effects. It appears that dFOXO may be needed or not to observe hormetic effects.
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11
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Ramadan MM, Abdel-Hady AAA, Guedes RNC, Hashem AS. Low temperature shock and chill-coma consequences for the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae). J Therm Biol 2020; 94:102774. [PMID: 33293005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Insects face several (environmental) abiotic stressors, including low temperature, which cause the failure of neuromuscular function. Such exposure leads insects toa reversible comatose state termed chill-coma, but the consequences of this state for the organism biology were little explored. Here, the consequences of the chill-coma phase were investigated in two of the main stored product pest species - the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (larvae and adults) and the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (adults). For this purpose, a series of low-temperature shocks were used to estimate the chill-coma recovery time (CCRT), survival, nutrition and weight gain/growth of T. castaneum (larvae and adults) and S. oryzae, as well as the development of T. castaneum life stages. The relatively long CCRT was characteristic of beetle larvae, at different low-temperature shocks, and CCRT increased with decreasing temperatures and increasing exposure intervals for both pest species. The survival was little affected by the low-temperature shocks applied, but such shocks affected insect feeding and growth. Tribolium castaneum larvae was more sensitive than adults of both insect species. Moreover, the relative consumption and weight gain of S. oryzae adults were lower than those of T. castaneum adults and mainly larvae, while feeding deterrence was not affected by low temperature shocks, unlike food conversion efficiency. Low-temperature shocks, even under short duration at some temperatures, significantly delayed development. The lower the temperature and the higher the exposure period, the more delayed the development. Thus, the physiological costs of chill-coma are translated into life-history consequences, with potential implications for the management of this insect pest species in stored products and even more so on red flour beetles and rice weevils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Ramadan
- Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amira A A Abdel-Hady
- Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Ahmed S Hashem
- Stored Product Pests Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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12
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Le Bourg É. Characterisation of the positive effects of mild stress on ageing and resistance to stress. Biogerontology 2020; 21:485-493. [PMID: 32189113 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The positive effects of mild stress on ageing, lifespan and resistance to stress have been studied mainly in Drosophila melanogaster flies and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. These studies now allow to know the effects of the strength of the mild stress and of the number of exposures, the duration of the positive effects, if mild stress is effective when applied at any age, and whether combining two or three mild stresses is more efficient than a single one. This article summarises these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Le Bourg
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI Toulouse), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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13
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Le Bourg E, Polesello C. Hypergravity increases resistance to heat in dFOXO Drosophila melanogaster mutants and can lower FOXO translocation in wild-type males. Biogerontology 2019; 20:883-891. [PMID: 31542843 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe stresses have deleterious effects, but mild stresses can have beneficial effects called hormetic effects. This study observed survival time of wild-type Drosophila melanogaster flies and dFOXO mutants exposed to 37 °C, a severe stress for flies, after they lived or not for 2 weeks in hypergravity (3 or 5 g), a mild stress with hormetic effects in flies. Hypergravity increased survival time of the mutants, this effect being less observed in wild-type flies. The heat stress increased dFOXO translocation similarly in all gravity groups in a wild-type strain, and hypergravity decreased dFOXO translocation similarly in heat-stressed or not heat-stressed males, no clear effect of the gravity level being observed in females. Because hypergravity increases resistance to heat in dFOXO mutants and the translocation is not tightly dependent on the gravity level, one can conclude that dFOXO does not mediate the effect of hypergravity on resistance to heat. A previous study showed that another mild stress, the cold, can increase survival time at 37 °C of wild-type D. melanogaster flies, but this was not observed in dFOXO mutants. Therefore, two mild stresses, cold and hypergravity, can increase resistance to heat but the pathways mediating this effect are seemingly different, as cold does not increase resistance in dFOXO mutants while hypergravity increases it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Le Bourg
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI Toulouse), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Cédric Polesello
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI Toulouse), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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14
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Ferguson LV, Dhakal P, Lebenzon JE, Heinrichs DE, Bucking C, Sinclair BJ. Seasonal shifts in the insect gut microbiome are concurrent with changes in cold tolerance and immunity. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pranav Dhakal
- Department of BiologyYork University Toronto ON Canada
| | | | - David E. Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Western Ontario London ON Canada
| | - Carol Bucking
- Department of BiologyYork University Toronto ON Canada
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15
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Stress pre-conditioning with temperature, UV and gamma radiation induces tolerance against phosphine toxicity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195349. [PMID: 29672544 PMCID: PMC5909616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphine is the only general use fumigant for the protection of stored grain, though its long-term utility is threatened by the emergence of highly phosphine-resistant pests. Given this precarious situation, it is essential to identify factors, such as stress preconditioning, that interfere with the efficacy of phosphine fumigation. We used Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to test the effect of pre-exposure to heat and cold shock, UV and gamma irradiation on phosphine potency. Heat shock significantly increased tolerance to phosphine by 3-fold in wild-type nematodes, a process that was dependent on the master regulator of the heat shock response, HSF-1. Heat shock did not, however, increase the resistance of a strain carrying the phosphine resistance mutation, dld-1(wr4), and cold shock did not alter the response to phosphine of either strain. Pretreatment with the LD50 of UV (18 J cm-2) did not alter phosphine tolerance in wild-type nematodes, but the LD50 (33 J cm-2) of the phosphine resistant strain (dld-1(wr4)) doubled the level of resistance. In addition, exposure to a mild dose of gamma radiation (200 Gy) elevated the phosphine tolerance by ~2-fold in both strains.
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Bar-Ziv MA, Scharf I. Thermal acclimation is not induced by habitat-of-origin, maintenance temperature, or acute exposure to low or high temperatures in a pit-building wormlion (Vermileo sp.). J Therm Biol 2018; 74:181-186. [PMID: 29801625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Wormlions are sit-and-wait insect predators that construct pit-traps to capture arthropod prey. They require loose soil and shelter from direct sun, both common in Mediterranean cities, and explaining their high abundance in urban habitats. We studied different aspects of thermal acclimation in wormlions. We compared chill-coma recovery time (CCRT) and heat-shock recovery time (HSRT) of wormlions from urban, semi-urban and natural habitats, expecting those originating from the urban habitat to be more heat tolerant and less cold tolerant. However, no differences were detected among the three habitats. We then examined whether maintenance temperature affects CCRT and HSRT, and expected beneficial acclimation. However, CCRT was unaffected by maintenance temperature, while temperature affected HSRT in an opposite direction to our prediction: wormlions maintained under the higher temperatures took longer to recover. When testing with two successive thermal shocks, wormlions took longer to recover from both cold and heat shock after applying an initial cold shock. We therefore conclude that cold shock inflicts some damage rather than induces acclimation. Finally, both cold- and heat-shocked wormlions constructed smaller pits than wormlions of a control group. Smaller pits probably translate to a lower likelihood of capturing prey and also limit the size of the prey, indicating a concrete cost of thermal shock. In summary, we found no evidence for thermal acclimation related either to the habitat-of-origin or to maintenance temperatures, but, rather, negative effects of unfavorable temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Bar-Ziv
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inon Scharf
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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17
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Gilad T, Koren R, Moalem Y, Subach A, Scharf I. Effect of continuous and alternating episodes of starvation on behavior and reproduction in the red flour beetle. J Zool (1987) 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gilad
- School of Zoology; Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - R. Koren
- School of Zoology; Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Y. Moalem
- School of Zoology; Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - A. Subach
- School of Zoology; Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - I. Scharf
- School of Zoology; Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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18
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Miller KE, Bajzer Ž, Hein SS, Phillips JE, Syed S, Wright AM, Cipriani G, Gibbons SJ, Szurszewski JH, Farrugia G, Ordog T, Linden DR. High temporal resolution gastric emptying breath tests in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13333. [PMID: 29575442 PMCID: PMC6157017 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric emptying is a complex physiological process regulating the division of a meal into smaller partitions for the small intestine. Disrupted gastric emptying contributes to digestive disease, yet current measures may not reflect different mechanisms by which the process can be altered. METHODS We have developed high temporal resolution solid and liquid gastric emptying breath tests in mice using [13 C]-octanoic acid and off axis- integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS). Stretched gamma variate and 2-component stretched gamma variate models fit measured breath excretion data. KEY RESULTS These assays detect acceleration and delay using pharmacological (7.5 mg/kg atropine) or physiological (nutrients, cold exposure stress, diabetes) manipulations and remain stable over time. High temporal resolution resolved complex excretion curves with 2 components, which was more prevalent in mice with delayed gastric emptying following streptozotocin-induced diabetes. There were differences in the gastric emptying of Balb/c vs C57Bl6 mice, with slower gastric emptying and a greater occurrence of two-phase gastric emptying curves in the latter strain. Gastric emptying of C57Bl6 could be accelerated by halving the meal size, but with no effect on the occurrence of two-phase gastric emptying curves. A greater proportion of two-phase gastric emptying was induced in Balb/c mice with the administration of PYY (8-80 nmol) 60 min following meal ingestion. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Collectively, these results demonstrate the utility of high temporal resolution gastric emptying assays. Two-phase gastric emptying is more prevalent than previously reported, likely involves intestinal feedback, but contributes little to the overall rate of gastric emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E. Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Enteric
NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN 55905 USA
| | - Željko Bajzer
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Enteric
NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN 55905 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic
College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Stephanie S. Hein
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Enteric
NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN 55905 USA
| | - Jessica E. Phillips
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Enteric
NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN 55905 USA
| | - Sabriya Syed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic
College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Alec M. Wright
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Enteric
NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN 55905 USA
| | - Gianluca Cipriani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine,
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Simon J. Gibbons
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine,
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Joseph H. Szurszewski
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Enteric
NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN 55905 USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine,
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Enteric
NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN 55905 USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine,
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Enteric
NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN 55905 USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine,
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - David R. Linden
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Enteric
NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN 55905 USA
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19
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A preliminary attempt to establish multiple stress response profiles of human skin fibroblasts exposed to mild or severe stress during ageing in vitro. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 170:92-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Pomatto LCD, Davies KJA. The role of declining adaptive homeostasis in ageing. J Physiol 2017; 595:7275-7309. [PMID: 29028112 PMCID: PMC5730851 DOI: 10.1113/jp275072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive homeostasis is "the transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range for any given physiological parameter in response to exposure to sub-toxic, non-damaging, signalling molecules or events, or the removal or cessation of such molecules or events" (Davies, 2016). Adaptive homeostasis enables biological systems to make continuous short-term adjustments for optimal functioning despite ever-changing internal and external environments. Initiation of adaptation in response to an appropriate signal allows organisms to successfully cope with much greater, normally toxic, stresses. These short-term responses are initiated following effective signals, including hypoxia, cold shock, heat shock, oxidative stress, exercise-induced adaptation, caloric restriction, osmotic stress, mechanical stress, immune response, and even emotional stress. There is now substantial literature detailing a decline in adaptive homeostasis that, unfortunately, appears to manifest with ageing, especially in the last third of the lifespan. In this review, we present the hypothesis that one hallmark of the ageing process is a significant decline in adaptive homeostasis capacity. We discuss the mechanistic importance of diminished capacity for short-term (reversible) adaptive responses (both biochemical and signal transduction/gene expression-based) to changing internal and external conditions, for short-term survival and for lifespan and healthspan. Studies of cultured mammalian cells, worms, flies, rodents, simians, apes, and even humans, all indicate declining adaptive homeostasis as a potential contributor to age-dependent senescence, increased risk of disease, and even mortality. Emerging work points to Nrf2-Keap1 signal transduction pathway inhibitors, including Bach1 and c-Myc, both of whose tissue concentrations increase with age, as possible major causes for age-dependent loss of adaptive homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. D. Pomatto
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA
| | - Kelvin J. A. Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of LettersArts & Sciences: the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089‐0191USA
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21
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Colinet H, Renault D. Similar post-stress metabolic trajectories in young and old flies. Exp Gerontol 2017; 102:43-50. [PMID: 28822810 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Homeostenosis (i.e. decline in stress resistance and resilience with age) is a fundamental notion of the biogerontology and physiology of aging. Stressful situations typically challenge metabolic homeostasis and the capacity to recover from a stress-induced metabolic disorder might be particularly compromised in senescent individuals. In the present work, we report the effects of aging on low temperature stress tolerance and metabolic profiles in Drosophila melanogaster females of different ages. Adult flies aged 4, 16, 30 and 44days were subjected to acute and chronic cold stress, and data confirmed a strong decline in cold tolerance and resilience of old flies compared to young counterparts. Using quantitative target GC-MS analysis, we found distinct metabolic phenotypes between young (4day-old) and old (44day-old) flies, with glycolytic pathways being differentially affected between the two age groups. We also compared the robustness of metabolic homeostasis in young vs. old flies when exposed to cold stress using time-series metabolic analysis. In both age groups, we found evidence of strong alteration of metabolic profiles when flies were exposed to low temperature stress. Interestingly, the temporal metabolic trajectories during the recovery period were similar in young and old flies, despite strong differences in thermotolerance. In conclusion, metabolic signatures markedly changed with age and homeostenosis was observed in the phenotypic response to cold stress. However, these changes did not reflect in different temporal homeostatic response at metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Colinet
- UMR CNRS 6553 EcoBio, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - David Renault
- UMR CNRS 6553 EcoBio, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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22
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A mild cold stress that increases resistance to heat lowers FOXO translocation in Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 2017; 18:791-801. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Non-linear actions of physiological agents: Finite disarrangements elicit fitness benefits. Redox Biol 2017; 13:235-243. [PMID: 28595161 PMCID: PMC5460745 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Finite disarrangements of important (vital) physiological agents and nutrients can induce plethora of beneficial effects, exceeding mere attenuation of the specific stress. Such response to disrupted homeostasis appears to be universally conserved among species. The underlying mechanism of improved fitness and longevity, when physiological agents act outside their normal range is similar to hormesis, a phenomenon whereby toxins elicit beneficial effects at low doses. Due to similarity with such non-linear response to toxins described with J-shaped curve, we have coined a new term “mirror J-shaped curves” for non-linear response to finite disarrangement of physiological agents. Examples from the clinical trials and basic research are provided, along with the unifying mechanisms that tie classical non-linear response to toxins with the non-linear response to physiological agents (glucose, oxygen, osmolarity, thermal energy, calcium, body mass, calorie intake and exercise). Reactive oxygen species and cytosolic calcium seem to be common triggers of signaling pathways that result in these beneficial effects. Awareness of such phenomena and exploring underlying mechanisms can help physicians in their everyday practice. It can also benefit researchers when designing studies and interpreting growing number of scientific data showing non-linear responses to physiological agents.
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24
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Klepsatel P, Gáliková M, Xu Y, Kühnlein RP. Thermal stress depletes energy reserves in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33667. [PMID: 27641694 PMCID: PMC5027548 DOI: 10.1038/srep33667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how environmental temperature affects metabolic and physiological functions is of crucial importance to assess the impacts of climate change on organisms. Here, we used different laboratory strains and a wild-caught population of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to examine the effect of temperature on the body energy reserves of an ectothermic organism. We found that permanent ambient temperature elevation or transient thermal stress causes significant depletion of body fat stores. Surprisingly, transient thermal stress induces a lasting "memory effect" on body fat storage, which also reduces survivorship of the flies upon food deprivation later after stress exposure. Functional analyses revealed that an intact heat-shock response is essential to protect flies from temperature-dependent body fat decline. Moreover, we found that the temperature-dependent body fat reduction is caused at least in part by apoptosis of fat body cells, which might irreversibly compromise the fat storage capacity of the flies. Altogether, our results provide evidence that thermal stress has a significant negative impact on organismal energy reserves, which in turn might affect individual fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Klepsatel
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Research Group Molecular Physiology, Am Faβberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martina Gáliková
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Research Group Molecular Physiology, Am Faβberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Research Group Molecular Physiology, Am Faβberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ronald P. Kühnlein
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Research Group Molecular Physiology, Am Faβberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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25
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Le Bourg É. Life-time protection against severe heat stress by exposing young Drosophila melanogaster flies to a mild cold stress. Biogerontology 2015; 17:409-15. [PMID: 26704618 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in the laboratory of the author have shown that subjecting flies to a mild stress (e.g. a cold stress) during the first 2 weeks of adult life can increase lifespan and resistance to severe stresses (e.g. heat and fungal infection) at 6 weeks of age (ca the mean lifespan at 25 °C). This result could either show that a mild stress protects flies against severe stress for the entire life or for a duration of 4 weeks. To clarify the issue, young flies living at 25 °C were pretreated with a cold stress and thereafter transferred at 19 or 22 °C, which increases lifespan. The mild cold stress protected these flies from heat at ages when flies kept at 25 °C are dead, i.e. at 10 weeks of age or 8 weeks after the end of cold stress. Thus, a mild stress protects flies for life, even if the duration of life is increased. Because temperature can strongly vary from day to day in the wild, and lifespan of flies too, it would be a selective advantage if the ability to survive a strong stress after having been subjected to a mild stress would be maintained not only for a few days but for life, whatever its duration could be. If flies would be subjected to a mild stress when living at 25 °C, a temperature change from e.g. 25 to 22 °C would increase their lifespan and they could survive a strong stress at an age when flies kept at 25 °C are dead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Le Bourg
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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26
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Shushimita S, Grefhorst A, Steenbergen J, de Bruin RWF, Ijzermans JNM, Themmen APN, Dor FJMF. Protection against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through hormesis? Dietary intervention versus cold exposure. Life Sci 2015; 144:69-79. [PMID: 26616751 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dietary restriction (DR) and fasting (FA) induce robust protection against the detrimental effects of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI). Several mechanisms of protection have been proposed, such as hormesis. Hormesis is defined as a life-supporting beneficial effect resulting from the cellular responses to single or multiple rounds of (mild) stress. The cold exposure (CE) model is a stress model similar to DR, and has been shown to have hormetic effects and has proved to increase longevity. CE is considered to be the most robust method to increase metabolism through activation of brown adipocytes. BAT has been considered important in etiology of obesity and its metabolic consequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS Since DR, FA, and CE models are proposed to work through hormesis, we investigated physiology of adipose tissue and effect on BAT in these models and compared them to ad libitum (AL) fed mice. We also studied the differential effect of these stress models on immunological changes, and effect of CE on renal I/RI. KEY FINDINGS We show similar physiological changes in adiposity in male C57Bl/6 mice due to DR, FA and CE, but the CE mice were not protected against renal I/RI. The immunophenotypic changes observed in the CE mice were similar to the AL animals, in contrast to FA mice, that showed major immunophenotypic changes in the B and T cell development stages in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings thus demonstrate that DR, FA and CE are hormetic stress models. DR and FA protect against renal I/IR, whereas CE could not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushimita Shushimita
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobie Steenbergen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron W F de Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M Ijzermans
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel P N Themmen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J M F Dor
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Henten AMV, Loeschcke V, Pedersen JG, Leisner JJ, Sarup P. Injuries can prolong lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster males. Biogerontology 2015; 17:337-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Bennett MM, Cook KM, Rinehart JP, Yocum GD, Kemp WP, Greenlee KJ. Exposure to Suboptimal Temperatures during Metamorphosis Reveals a Critical Developmental Window in the Solitary Bee, Megachile rotundata. Physiol Biochem Zool 2015; 88:508-20. [DOI: 10.1086/682024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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29
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Le Bourg É. Fasting and other mild stresses with hormetic effects in Drosophila melanogaster can additively increase resistance to cold. Biogerontology 2015; 16:517-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Fasting increases survival to cold in FOXO, DIF, autophagy mutants and in other genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 2015; 16:411-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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McClure CD, Zhong W, Hunt VL, Chapman FM, Hill FV, Priest NK. Hormesis results in trade-offs with immunity. Evolution 2014; 68:2225-33. [PMID: 24862588 PMCID: PMC4282086 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many have argued that we may be able to extend life and improve human health through hormesis, the beneficial effects of low-level toxins and other stressors. But, studies of hormesis in model systems have not yet established whether stress-induced benefits are cost free, artifacts of inbreeding, or come with deleterious side effects. Here, we provide evidence that hormesis results in trade-offs with immunity. We find that a single topical dose of dead spores of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium robertsii, increases the longevity of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, without significant decreases in fecundity. We find that hormetic benefits of pathogen challenge are greater in lines that lack key components of antifungal immunity (Dif and Turandot M). And, in outbred fly lines, we find that topical pathogen challenge enhances both survival and fecundity, but reduces ability to fight off live infections. The results provide evidence that hormesis is manifested by stress-induced trade-offs with immunity, not cost-free benefits or artifacts of inbreeding. Our findings illuminate mechanisms underlying pathogen-induced life-history trade-offs, and indicate that reduced immune function may be an ironic side effect of the "elixirs of life."
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D McClure
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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32
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Le Bourg É. Fasting can protect young and middle-aged Drosophila melanogaster flies against a severe cold stress. Biogerontology 2013; 14:513-29. [PMID: 23990216 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Flies were starved with water before being subjected to various severe stresses (heat, cold, fungal infection, hydrogen peroxide) immediately after starvation or after a delay. Starvation of young and middle-aged flies increased resistance to a long cold stress (0 °C for up to 48 h), mainly if there was a 2-6 h delay between starvation and the cold stress, but positive effects in old flies were hardly observed. No positive effect was observed on resistance to the other stresses and starvation rather decreased resistance to them. It thus seems that fasting increases frailty but also puts at play mechanisms increasing resistance to cold. Starvation also increased learning scores but this could be linked to decreased positive phototaxis tendencies, and not to a better learning ability. Starvation appears to be a mild stress with limited hormetic effects, but studying the mechanisms of these effects is of interest because fasting is maybe of therapeutic value in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Le Bourg
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, UMR CNRS 5169 Université Paul-Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse 9, France,
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Chahal J, Kataria SK, Parkash R. Invasion and adaptation of a warm-adapted species to montane localities: effect of acclimation potential. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:1578-86. [PMID: 23348937 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.080200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila ananassae has successfully invaded the cold and dry montane localities of the Western Himalayas in recent years. The ability of this desiccation- and cold-sensitive tropical species to evolve in response to seasonal changes in montane localities is largely unknown. Here, we investigated how this sensitive species adapt to seasonally varying environmental conditions that are lethal to its survival. We observed change in the frequency of dark and light morphs of D. ananassae in five mid-altitude localities during the last decade (2000-2010). We document invasion of D. ananassae to montane localities and increase in frequency of the dark morph. The stress tolerance of morphs (dark and light) remained unaffected of developmental acclimation. However, adult acclimation has shown significant effects on tolerance to various environmental stresses in morphs and effect of this acclimation persist for long durations. Desiccation and cold stress tolerance was increased after adult acclimation for respective stress in the dark morph; while tolerance of the light morph was not affected. Further, heat tolerance of the light morph was increased after adult heat acclimation with no influence on heat tolerance of the dark morph. Our results suggest a possible role of adult acclimation in successful invasion and adaptation of D. ananassae to montane localities. Future experiments should be carried out to determine whether the survival in adverse conditions of low versus high temperature and humidity during seasonal changes is assisted by different acclimation abilities of the two morphs of D. ananassae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chahal
- Drosophila Research Lab, Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India.
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Kuo SY, Tu CH, Hsu YT, Wang HD, Wen RK, Lin CT, Wu CL, Huang YT, Huang GS, Lan TH, Fu TF. A hormone receptor-based transactivator bridges different binary systems to precisely control spatial-temporal gene expression in Drosophila. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50855. [PMID: 23239992 PMCID: PMC3519826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The GAL4/UAS gene expression system is a precise means of targeted gene expression employed to study biological phenomena in Drosophila. A modified GAL4/UAS system can be conditionally regulated using a temporal and regional gene expression targeting (TARGET) system that responds to heat shock induction. However heat shock-related temperature shifts sometimes cause unexpected physiological responses that confound behavioral analyses. We describe here the construction of a drug-inducible version of this system that takes advantage of tissue-specific GAL4 driver lines to yield either RU486-activated LexA-progesterone receptor chimeras (LexPR) or β-estradiol-activated LexA-estrogen receptor chimeras (XVE). Upon induction, these chimeras bind to a LexA operator (LexAop) and activate transgene expression. Using GFP expression as a marker for induction in fly brain cells, both approaches are capable of tightly and precisely modulating transgene expression in a temporal and dosage-dependent manner. Additionally, tissue-specific GAL4 drivers resulted in target gene expression that was restricted to those specific tissues. Constitutive expression of the active PKA catalytic subunit using these systems altered the sleep pattern of flies, demonstrating that both systems can regulate transgene expression that precisely mimics regulation that was previously engineered using the GeneSwitch/UAS system. Unlike the limited number of GeneSwitch drivers, this approach allows for the usage of the multitudinous, tissue-specific GAL4 lines for studying temporal gene regulation and tissue-specific gene expression. Together, these new inducible systems provide additional, highly valuable tools available to study gene function in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yun Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi-Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
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Linderman JA, Chambers MC, Gupta AS, Schneider DS. Infection-related declines in chill coma recovery and negative geotaxis in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41907. [PMID: 23028430 PMCID: PMC3441536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of infection in Drosophila melanogaster provide insight into both mechanisms of host resistance and tolerance of pathogens. However, research into the pathways involved in these processes has been limited by the relatively few metrics that can be used to measure sickness and health throughout the course of infection. Here we report measurements of infection-related declines in flies' performance on two different behavioral assays. D. melanogaster are slower to recover from a chill-induced coma during infection with either Listeria monocytogenes or Streptococcus pneumoniae. L. monocytogenes infection also impacts flies' performance during a negative geotaxis assay, revealing a decline in their rate of climbing as part of their innate escape response after startle. In addition to providing new measures for assessing health, these assays also suggest pathological consequences of and metabolic shifts that may occur over the course of an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Linderman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Moria C. Chambers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Avni S. Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - David S. Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Marshall KE, Sinclair BJ. The impacts of repeated cold exposure on insects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 215:1607-13. [PMID: 22539727 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.059956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Insects experience repeated cold exposure (RCE) on multiple time scales in natural environments, yet the majority of studies of the effects of cold on insects involve only a single exposure. Three broad groups of experimental designs have been employed to examine the effects of RCE on insect physiology and fitness, defined by the control treatments: 'RCE vs cold', which compares RCE with constant cold conditions; 'RCE vs warm', which compares RCE with constant warm conditions; and 'RCE vs matched cold' which compares RCE with a prolonged period of cold matched by time to the RCE condition. RCE are generally beneficial to immediate survival, and increase cold hardiness relative to insects receiving a single prolonged cold exposure. However, the effects of RCE depend on the study design, and RCE vs warm studies cannot differentiate between the effects of cold exposure in general vs RCE in particular. Recent studies of gene transcription, immune function, feeding and reproductive output show that the responses of insects to RCE are distinct from the responses to single cold exposures. We suggest that future research should attempt to elucidate the mechanistic link between physiological responses and fitness parameters. We also recommend that future RCE experiments match the time spent at the stressful low temperature in all experimental groups, include age controls where appropriate, incorporate a pilot study to determine time and intensity of exposure, and measure sub-lethal impacts on fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Marshall
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6G 1L3
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37
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Adaptive response, evidence of cross-resistance and its potential clinical use. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10771-10806. [PMID: 23109822 PMCID: PMC3472714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130910771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms and their cells are constantly exposed to environmental fluctuations. Among them are stressors, which can induce macromolecular damage that exceeds a set threshold, independent of the underlying cause. Stress responses are mechanisms used by organisms to adapt to and overcome stress stimuli. Different stressors or different intensities of stress trigger different cellular responses, namely induce cell repair mechanisms, induce cell responses that result in temporary adaptation to some stressors, induce autophagy or trigger cell death. Studies have reported life-prolonging effects of a wide variety of so-called stressors, such as oxidants, heat shock, some phytochemicals, ischemia, exercise and dietary energy restriction, hypergravity, etc. These stress responses, which result in enhanced defense and repair and even cross-resistance against multiple stressors, may have clinical use and will be discussed, while the emphasis will be on the effects/cross-effects of oxidants.
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Le Bourg E, Malod K, Massou I. The NF-κB-like factor DIF could explain some positive effects of a mild stress on longevity, behavioral aging, and resistance to strong stresses in Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 2012; 13:445-55. [PMID: 22791143 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-012-9389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A mild cold stress can have positive effects on longevity, aging and resistance to severe stresses in flies (heat, cold, fungal infection), but the causes of these effects remain elusive. In order to know whether these effects could be explained by the DIF transcription factor (a NF-κB-like factor in the Toll innate immunity pathway), the Dif ( 1 ) mutant and its control cn bw strain were subjected to a pretreatment by cold. The DIF factor seems to be involved in the response to fungal infection after a mild cold stress and in the resistance to heat. However, DIF seems to have no role in the increased longevity of non-infected flies and resistance to a severe cold shock, because the cold pretreatment slightly increased longevity in females, mainly in Dif ( 1 ) ones, and resistance to a long cold shock in both sexes of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Le Bourg
- Centre de Recherche sur la Cognition Animale, Université Paul-Sabatier, UMR CNRS 5169, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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39
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Le Bourg É. [Mild stress as a means to modulate aging: from fly to human?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:305-10. [PMID: 22480655 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012283019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormesis is the phenomenon by which adaptive responses to low doses of otherwise harmful conditions improve the functional ability of organisms. Some mild stresses have beneficial effects on longevity, aging and resistance to strong stresses (heat or cold shocks, infection) in Drosophila flies. Studies on rodents are indeed scarce but mild stress seems to be effective in humans because, for instance, patients suffering from angina have a higher survival when confronted with a heart attack. A few studies, in less tragic situations however, suggest that mild stress could have positive effects in elderly people. Performing more experiments on the effects of mild stress in humans would help to know whether it could be used in therapy or to improve healthspan of elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Le Bourg
- Université Paul-Sabatier, centre de recherche sur la cognition animale, UMR CNRS 5169, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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40
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Le Bourg É. Combined effects of two mild stresses (cold and hypergravity) on longevity, behavioral aging, and resistance to severe stresses in Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 2012; 13:313-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-012-9377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang J, Marshall KE, Westwood JT, Clark MS, Sinclair BJ. Divergent transcriptomic responses to repeated and single cold exposures in Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol 2011; 214:4021-9. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.059535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Insects in the field are exposed to multiple bouts of cold, and there is increasing evidence that the fitness consequences of repeated cold exposure differ from the impacts of a single cold exposure. We tested the hypothesis that different kinds of cold exposure (in this case, single short, prolonged and repeated cold exposure) would result in differential gene expression. We exposed 3 day old adult female wild-type Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to –0.5°C for a single 2 h exposure, a single 10 h exposure, or five 2 h exposures on consecutive days, and extracted RNA after 6 h of recovery. Global gene expression was quantified using an oligonucleotide microarray and validated with real-time PCR using different biological replicates. We identified 76 genes upregulated in response to multiple cold exposure, 69 in response to prolonged cold exposure and 20 genes upregulated in response to a single short cold exposure, with a small amount of overlap between treatments. Three genes – Turandot A, Hephaestus and CG11374 – were upregulated in response to all three cold exposure treatments. Key functional groups upregulated include genes associated with muscle structure and function, the immune response, stress response, carbohydrate metabolism and egg production. We conclude that cold exposure has wide-ranging effects on gene expression in D. melanogaster and that increased duration or frequency of cold exposure has impacts different to those of a single short cold exposure. This has important implications for extrapolating laboratory studies of insect overwintering that are based on only a single cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Katie E. Marshall
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - J. Timothy Westwood
- Canadian Drosophila Microarray Centre, Department of Biology, The University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Melody S. Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB1 9XU, UK
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Bubliy OA, Kristensen TN, Kellermann V, Loeschcke V. Plastic responses to four environmental stresses and cross-resistance in a laboratory population ofDrosophila melanogaster. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Le Bourg É. Using Drosophila melanogaster to study the positive effects of mild stress on aging. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:345-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Ranjini MS, Ramachandra NB. Differential response to hormesis by laboratory evolved short-lived and long-lived cytoraces ofnasuta-albomicanscomplex ofDrosophila. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2010.509134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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45
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Radiation hormesis and radioadaptive response in Drosophila melanogaster flies with different genetic backgrounds: the role of cellular stress-resistance mechanisms. Biogerontology 2011; 12:253-63. [PMID: 21234801 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-011-9320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to investigate the role of cellular stress-resistance mechanisms in the low-dose irradiation effects on Drosophila melanogaster lifespan. In males and females with the wild type Canton-S genotype the chronic low dose irradiation (40 cGy) induced the hormetic effect and radiation adaptive response to acute irradiation (30 Gy). The hormesis and radioadaptive responses were observed in flies with mutations in autophagy genes (atg7, atg8a) but absent in flies with mutations in FOXO, ATM, ATR, and p53 homologues. The hormetic effect was revealed in Sirt2 mutant males but not in females. On the contrary, the females but not males of JNK/+ mutant strain showed adaptive response. The obtained results demonstrate the essential role of FOXO, SIRT1, JNK, ATM, ATR, and p53 genes in hormesis and radiation adaptive response of the whole organism.
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46
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Le Bourg E. A cold stress applied at various ages can increase resistance to heat and fungal infection in aged Drosophila melanogaster flies. Biogerontology 2010; 12:185-93. [PMID: 21132363 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A cold stress applied to young flies can have positive effects on longevity, behavioral aging, and resistance to heat and infection. However, the same mild stress, if applied at older ages, i.e. in frailer flies, could be a strong stress with negative effects. Cold stress was applied at various ages (weeks 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, and 4-5) and its effect on longevity and on resistance at 6 weeks of age to heat or fungal infection was observed. In males, the cold stress had positive effects on longevity and resistance to infection, except when applied at the oldest age. No positive effect on longevity or resistance to infection was detected in cold-stressed females, as already observed in previous experiments using a cold stress at young age only. By contrast, cold stress applied at various ages increased resistance to heat in both sexes. Therefore, a mild stress can have positive effects on longevity and resistance to strong stresses not only when used at a young age, but also at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Le Bourg
- Centre de Recherche sur la Cognition Animale, UMR CNRS, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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47
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Kyriazis M. Nonlinear Stimulation and Hormesis in Human Aging: Practical Examples and Action Mechanisms. Rejuvenation Res 2010; 13:445-52. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2009.0996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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48
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Marshall KE, Sinclair BJ. Repeated stress exposure results in a survival-reproduction trade-off in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 277:963-9. [PMID: 19939842 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While insect cold tolerance has been well studied, the vast majority of work has focused on the effects of a single cold exposure. However, many abiotic environmental stresses, including temperature, fluctuate within an organism's lifespan. Given that organisms may trade-off survival at the cost of future reproduction, we investigated the effects of multiple cold exposures on survival and fertility in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. We found that multiple cold exposures significantly decreased mortality compared with the same length of exposure in a single sustained bout, but significantly decreased fecundity (as measured by r, the intrinsic rate of increase) as well, owing to a shift in sex ratio. This change was reflected in a long-term decrease in glycogen stores in multiply exposed flies, while a brief effect on triglyceride stores was observed, suggesting flies are reallocating energy stores. Given that many environments are not static, this trade-off indicates that investigating the effects of repeated stress exposure is important for understanding and predicting physiological responses in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Marshall
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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49
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Le Bourg É. Combined effects of suppressing live yeast and of a cold pretreatment on longevity, aging and resistance to several stresses in Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 2009; 11:245-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-009-9250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Hormesis, aging and longevity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:1030-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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