1
|
Parkhitko AA, Filine E, Tatar M. Combinatorial interventions in aging. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1187-1200. [PMID: 37783817 PMCID: PMC11194689 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Insight on the underlying mechanisms of aging will advance our ability to extend healthspan, treat age-related pathology and improve quality of life. Multiple genetic and pharmacological manipulations extend longevity in different species, yet monotherapy may be relatively inefficient, and we have limited data on the effect of combined interventions. Here we summarize interactions between age-related pathways and discuss strategies to simultaneously retard these in different organisms. In some cases, combined manipulations additively increase their impact on common hallmarks of aging and lifespan, suggesting they quantitatively participate within the same pathway. In other cases, interactions affect different hallmarks, suggesting their joint manipulation may independently maximize their effects on lifespan and healthy aging. While most interaction studies have been conducted with invertebrates and show varying levels of translatability, the conservation of pro-longevity pathways offers an opportunity to identify 'druggable' targets relevant to multiple human age-associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Parkhitko
- Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Filine
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Tatar
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Kan D, Yang Y, Shen J, Han C, Liu X, Yang J. m6A-mediated nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway regulates senescence in Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 111:104994. [PMID: 36963346 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.104994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play an important role in the regulation of senescence. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modification of mRNA. However, the impact of m6A on senescence remains largely unknown at the animal individual level. Standard model organisms Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster lack many gene homologs of vertebrate m6A system that are present in other invertebrates. In this study, we employed a small aquatic invertebrate Brachionus plicatilis which has been used in aging studies for nearly 100 years to study how m6A affects aging. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that rotifers' m6A pathway has a conserved methyltransferase complex but no demethylases and the m6A reading system was more akin to that of vertebrates than that of D. melanogaster. m6A methyltransferases are highly expressed during development but reduces dramatically during aging. Knockdown of METTL3 results in decreased fecundity and premature senescence of rotifers. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analysis indicates a role for m6A in the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair. Altogether, our work reveals a senescence regulatory model for the rotifer METTL3-m6A-NHEJ pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Rd, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Rd, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqi Kan
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Rd, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhong Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Rd, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shen
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Rd, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Han
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Rd, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Rd, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Rd, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gribble KE. Brachionus rotifers as a model for investigating dietary and metabolic regulators of aging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:1-15. [PMID: 33709041 PMCID: PMC7903245 DOI: 10.3233/nha-200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Because every species has unique attributes relevant to understanding specific aspects of aging, using a diversity of study systems and a comparative biology approach for aging research has the potential to lead to novel discoveries applicable to human health. Monogonont rotifers, a standard model for studies of aquatic ecology, evolutionary biology, and ecotoxicology, have also been used to study lifespan and healthspan for nearly a century. However, because much of this work has been published in the ecology and evolutionary biology literature, it may not be known to the biomedical research community. In this review, we provide an overview of Brachionus rotifers as a model to investigate nutritional and metabolic regulators of aging, with a focus on recent studies of dietary and metabolic pathway manipulation. Rotifers are microscopic, aquatic invertebrates with many advantages as a system for studying aging, including a two-week lifespan, easy laboratory culture, direct development without a larval stage, sexual and asexual reproduction, easy delivery of pharmaceuticals in liquid culture, and transparency allowing imaging of cellular morphology and processes. Rotifers have greater gene homology with humans than do established invertebrate models for aging, and thus rotifers may be used to investigate novel genetic mechanisms relevant to human lifespan and healthspan. The research on caloric restriction; dietary, pharmaceutical, and genetic interventions; and transcriptomics of aging using rotifers provide insights into the metabolic regulators of lifespan and health and suggest future directions for aging research. Capitalizing on the unique biology of Brachionus rotifers, referencing the vast existing literature about the influence of diet and drugs on rotifer lifespan and health, continuing the development of genetic tools for rotifers, and growing the rotifer research community will lead to new discoveries a better understanding of the biology of aging.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoon DS, Lee Y, Park JC, Lee MC, Lee JS. Alleviation of tributyltin-induced toxicity by diet and microplastics in the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123739. [PMID: 33254767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effects of tributyltin (TBT) upon multiple exposures of diet and microplastic in rotifer, in vivo life parameters were measured. In 10 μg/L TBT-exposed rotifer, the 1 and 0.5 x diet groups resulted in reproduction reduction. However, 10 x diet treatment showed no significant changes in the total fecundity, despite a decrease in daily reproduction. Besides, differences in the lifespan were observed in response to different diet regimens. TBT and/or MP-exposed parental rotifer (F0) showed a significant delay in the pre-reproductive day under 0.5 x diet regimen. In all dietary regimens, exposure to TBT and MP induced an increase in reactive oxygen species, but antioxidant activities were perturbed. To further verify the carryover effect of TBT toxicity, progeny rotifer (F1) obtained from 24 h TBT and/or MP-exposed F0 was used. Interestingly, the faster hatching rate was observed only in F1 obtained from 1 x diet regimen-exposed F0. However, in the 0.5 x diet, the total fecundity was reduced and the pattern of the daily reproduction was collapsed. Thus, the toxicity of TBT can be alleviated by MP and nutrition status, but TBT-induced toxicity and its carryover effect are inevitable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Seo Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Yoseop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of low temperature on longevity and lipid metabolism in the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 250:110803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
6
|
Liang Y, Guo H, Liao Q, Zhang X, Huang K. Growth performance, phenotypic traits, and antioxidant responses of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis under different proportions of Phaeocystis globosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110963. [PMID: 32800234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Harmful Phaeocystis blooms disrupt seawater recreation and pose serious challenges to aquatic animals. The growth performance, phenotypic traits, and antioxidant responses of Brachionus plicatilis Müller to different proportions of Phaeocystis globosa were evaluated. B. plicatilis rotifers were exposed to cultures with Chlorella sp. and P. globosa alone and in mixtures of these two algae with proportions of 25%, 50%, and 75%. The total proportions of the two algae were maintained at 100%. Results showed that P. globosa inhibited the rotifer net reproduction rate, intrinsic growth rate, and finite rate of increase (P < 0.01). It induced the formation of defense phenotypic traits in terms of the increased posterolateral spine length and the reduced body length, swimming speed, and grazing rate of B. plicatilis (P < 0.001). Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities decreased, but the reactive oxygen species levels increased as the proportions of P. globosa increased (P < 0.01). The mixture of 50% Chlorella and 50% Phaeocystis positively affected the glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase activity, and generation time of rotifers (P < 0.01). Although P. globosa released toxicants with harmful effects on the growth performance of B. plicatilis, rotifers changed their antioxidant defense system and formed defense phenotypic traits in response to eutrophic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, No.219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, PR China.
| | - Heyang Guo
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, No.219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, PR China
| | - Qizhi Liao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, No.219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, No.219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, PR China
| | - Kaibo Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, No.219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dong L, Wang H, Ding T, Li W, Zhang G. Effects of TiO
2
nanoparticles on the life‐table parameters, antioxidant indices, and swimming speed of the freshwater rotifer
Brachionus calyciflorus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:230-239. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Li Dong
- College of Life and Environment SciencesHuangshan University Huangshan Anhui P. R. China
| | - Heng‐Xing Wang
- College of Life and Environment SciencesHuangshan University Huangshan Anhui P. R. China
| | - Tao Ding
- College of Life and Environment SciencesHuangshan University Huangshan Anhui P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life and Environment SciencesHuangshan University Huangshan Anhui P. R. China
| | - Gen Zhang
- Shenzhen GenProMetab Biotechnology Company Limited Shenzhen Guangdong P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Latta LC, Tucker KN, Haney RA. The relationship between oxidative stress, reproduction, and survival in a bdelloid rotifer. BMC Ecol 2019; 19:7. [PMID: 30709393 PMCID: PMC6359782 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A proposed mediator of trade-offs between survival and reproduction is oxidative stress resistance. Investments in reproduction are associated with increased oxidative stress that reduces lifespan. We used the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga to examine baseline patterns of survival, reproduction, and measures of oxidative
stress, as well as how these patterns change in the face of treatments known to induce oxidative stress. Results We discovered that under standard laboratory conditions late-life mortality may be explained by increased levels of oxidative stress induced by reproduction. However, following exposure to the oxidizing agent ionizing radiation, survival was unaffected while reproduction was reduced. Conclusions We suggest that under normal environmental conditions, reduced survival is mediated by endogenously generated oxidative stress induced by reproduction, and thus represents a cost of reproduction. Alternatively, the reduced reproduction evident under exogenously applied oxidative stress represents a cost of somatic maintenance. Biochemical analyses designed to assess levels of oxidative stress, oxidative stress resistance, and oxidative damage under normal and oxidizing conditions suggest that varying investments in enzymatic and non-enzymatic based oxidative stress resistance determine whether a cost of reproduction or a cost of somatic maintenance is observed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-019-0223-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh C Latta
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Lewis-Clark State College, 500 8th Avenue, Lewiston, ID, 83501, USA.
| | - K Nathaniel Tucker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Robert A Haney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun X, Cui Y, Wang Q, Tang S, Cao X, Luo H, He Z, Hu X, Nie X, Yang Y, Wang T. Proteogenomic Analyses Revealed Favorable Metabolism Pattern Alterations in Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Fed with Selenium-rich Chlorella. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6699-6707. [PMID: 29874910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organoselenium have garnered attention because of their potential to be used as ingredients in new anti-aging and antioxidation medicines and food. Rotifers are frequently used as a model organism for aging research. In this study, we used Se-enriched Chlorella (Se- Chlorella), a novel organoselenium compound, to feed Brachionus plicatilis to establish a rotifer model with a prolonged lifespan. The results showed that the antioxidative effect in Se-enriched rotifer was associated with an increase in guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT). The authors then performed the first proteogenomic analysis of rotifers to understand their possible metabolic mechanisms. With the de novo assembly of RNA-Seq reads as the reference, we mapped the proteomic output generated by iTRAQ-based mass spectrometry. We found that the differentially expressed proteins were primarily involved in antireactive oxygen species (ROS) and antilipid peroxidation (LPO), selenocompound metabolism, glycolysis, and amino acid metabolisms. Furthermore, the ROS level of rotifers was diminished after Se- Chlorella feeding, indicating that Se- Chlorella could help rotifers to enhance their amino acid metabolism and shift the energy generating metabolism from tricarboxylic acid cycle to glycolysis, which leads to reduced ROS production. This is the first report to demonstrate the anti-aging effect of Se- Chlorella on rotifers and to provide a possible mechanism for this activity. Thus, Se- Chlorella is a promising novel organoselenium compound with the potential to prolong human lifespans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Sun
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms , Guangdong Higher Education Institutes , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Yizhi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Institute of Life and Health Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Qing Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms , Guangdong Higher Education Institutes , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Shengquan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Institute of Life and Health Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Xin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Institute of Life and Health Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Hongtian Luo
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms , Guangdong Higher Education Institutes , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Zhili He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Xiaonong Hu
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms , Guangdong Higher Education Institutes , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms , Guangdong Higher Education Institutes , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms , Guangdong Higher Education Institutes , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Institute of Life and Health Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Snell TW, Johnston RK, Matthews AB, Zhou H, Gao M, Skolnick J. Repurposed FDA-approved drugs targeting genes influencing aging can extend lifespan and healthspan in rotifers. Biogerontology 2018; 19:145-157. [PMID: 29340835 PMCID: PMC5834582 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical interventions can slow aging in animals, and have advantages because their dose can be tightly regulated and the timing of the intervention can be closely controlled. They also may complement environmental interventions like caloric restriction by acting additively. A fertile source for therapies slowing aging is FDA approved drugs whose safety has been investigated. Because drugs bind to several protein targets, they cause multiple effects, many of which have not been characterized. It is possible that some of the side effects of drugs prescribed for one therapy may have benefits in retarding aging. We used computationally guided drug screening for prioritizing drug targets to produce a short list of candidate compounds for in vivo testing. We applied the virtual ligand screening approach FINDSITEcomb for screening potential anti-aging protein targets against FDA approved drugs listed in DrugBank. A short list of 31 promising compounds was screened using a multi-tiered approach with rotifers as an animal model of aging. Primary and secondary survival screens and cohort life table experiments identified four drugs capable of extending rotifer lifespan by 8-42%. Exposures to 1 µM erythromycin, 5 µM carglumic acid, 3 µM capecitabine, and 1 µM ivermectin, extended rotifer lifespan without significant effect on reproduction. Some drugs also extended healthspan, as estimated by mitochondria activity and mobility (swimming speed). Our most promising result is that rotifer lifespan was extended by 7-8.9% even when treatment was started in middle age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Snell
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0230, USA.
| | - Rachel K Johnston
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0230, USA
| | - Amelia B Matthews
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0230, USA
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0230, USA
| | - Mu Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0230, USA
| | - Jeffrey Skolnick
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0230, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee MC, Park JC, Yoon DS, Han J, Kang S, Kamizono S, Om AS, Shin KH, Hagiwara A, Lee JS. Aging extension and modifications of lipid metabolism in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus under chronic caloric restriction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1741. [PMID: 29379054 PMCID: PMC5789037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the interrelationship of aging extension and modification of lipid metabolism under chronic caloric restriction (CCR; reduced concentration of the green algae Tetraselmis suecica) in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus, we assessed life cycle parameters, fatty acid composition, and expression of sirtuin and genes related to lipid metabolism. B. koreanus in the 5% T. suecica group showed an increased life span but decreased reproduction. Based on this finding, we chose 5% T. suecica for further experiments and compared the data with those for 100% T. suecica. Upregulation of sirtuin gene expression was observed under CCR. In addition, despite the reduction in the amount of total fatty acid (FA) and the area of triacylglycerol, increases in the ratios of saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) to total FA in 5%-exposed B. koreanus were observed. Furthermore, mRNA expression analysis confirmed that CCR promoted the synthesis of MUFA through Δ9 desaturase. Moreover, expression of the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) synthesizing gene Δ4 desaturase was also upregulated, together with DHA content. These data suggest that CCR modified protein acetylation and lipid metabolism, leading to a decrease in reproduction and consequently resulting in life span extension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Deok-Seo Yoon
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Sujin Kang
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Shohei Kamizono
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Ae-Son Om
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun Y, Hou X, Xue X, Zhang L, Zhu X, Huang Y, Chen Y, Yang Z. Trade-off between reproduction and lifespan of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis under different food conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15370. [PMID: 29133860 PMCID: PMC5684133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phaeocystis globosa, one of the most typical red tide-forming species, is usually mixed in the food composition of rotifers. To explore how rotifers respond by adjusting life history strategy when feeding on different quality foods, we exposed the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis to cultures with 100% Chlorella, a mixture of 50% P. globosa and 50% Chlorella, or 100% P. globosa. Results showed that rotifers exposed to 100% Chlorella or to mixed diets produced more total offspring and had higher age-specific fecundity than those exposed to 100% P. globosa. Food combination significantly affected the net reproduction rates of rotifers. By contrast, rotifers that fed on 100% P. globosa or on mixed diets had a longer lifespan than those fed on 100% Chlorella. The overall performances (combining reproduction and lifespan together) of rotifers cultured in 100% Chlorella or mixed diets were significantly higher than those cultured in 100% P. globosa. In general, Chlorella favors rotifers reproduction at the cost of shorter lifespan, whereas P. globosa tends to extend the lifespan of rotifers with lower fecundity, indicating that trade-off exists between reproduction and lifespan under different food conditions. The present study also suggests that rotifers may have the potential to control harmful P. globosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xinying Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xuexia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gorokhova E. Shifts in rotifer life history in response to stable isotope enrichment: testing theories of isotope effects on organismal growth. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:160810. [PMID: 28405367 PMCID: PMC5383824 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In ecology, stable isotope labelling is commonly used for tracing material transfer in trophic interactions, nutrient budgets and biogeochemical processes. The main assumption in this approach is that the enrichment with a heavy isotope has no effect on the organism growth and metabolism. This assumption is, however, challenged by theoretical considerations and experimental studies on kinetic isotope effects in vivo. Here, I demonstrate profound changes in life histories of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis fed 15N-enriched algae (0.4-5.0 at%); i.e. at the enrichment levels commonly used in ecological studies. These findings support theoretically predicted effects of heavy isotope enrichment on growth, metabolism and ageing in biological systems and underline the importance of accounting for such effects when using stable isotope labelling in experimental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry , Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 10691 Stockholm , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Z, Guo R, Li M. Identification, characterization and expression analysis of superoxide dismutase genes in Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae). Gene 2017; 606:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
15
|
Gribble KE, Mark Welch DB. Genome-wide transcriptomics of aging in the rotifer Brachionus manjavacas, an emerging model system. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:217. [PMID: 28249563 PMCID: PMC5333405 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding gene expression changes over lifespan in diverse animal species will lead to insights to conserved processes in the biology of aging and allow development of interventions to improve health. Rotifers are small aquatic invertebrates that have been used in aging studies for nearly 100 years and are now re-emerging as a modern model system. To provide a baseline to evaluate genetic responses to interventions that change health throughout lifespan and a framework for new hypotheses about the molecular genetic mechanisms of aging, we examined the transcriptome of an asexual female lineage of the rotifer Brachionus manjavacas at five life stages: eggs, neonates, and early-, late-, and post-reproductive adults. Results There are widespread shifts in gene expression over the lifespan of B. manjavacas; the largest change occurs between neonates and early reproductive adults and is characterized by down-regulation of developmental genes and up-regulation of genes involved in reproduction. The expression profile of post-reproductive adults was distinct from that of other life stages. While few genes were significantly differentially expressed in the late- to post-reproductive transition, gene set enrichment analysis revealed multiple down-regulated pathways in metabolism, maintenance and repair, and proteostasis, united by genes involved in mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusions This study provides the first examination of changes in gene expression over lifespan in rotifers. We detected differential expression of many genes with human orthologs that are absent in Drosophila and C. elegans, highlighting the potential of the rotifer model in aging studies. Our findings suggest that small but coordinated changes in expression of many genes in pathways that integrate diverse functions drive the aging process. The observation of simultaneous declines in expression of genes in multiple pathways may have consequences for health and longevity not detected by single- or multi-gene knockdown in otherwise healthy animals. Investigation of subtle but genome-wide change in these pathways during aging is an important area for future study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3540-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Gribble
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - David B Mark Welch
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Snell TW, Johnston RK, Srinivasan B, Zhou H, Gao M, Skolnick J. Repurposing FDA-approved drugs for anti-aging therapies. Biogerontology 2016; 17:907-920. [PMID: 27484416 PMCID: PMC5065615 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is great interest in drugs that are capable of modulating multiple aging pathways, thereby delaying the onset and progression of aging. Effective strategies for drug development include the repurposing of existing drugs already approved by the FDA for human therapy. FDA approved drugs have known mechanisms of action and have been thoroughly screened for safety. Although there has been extensive scientific activity in repurposing drugs for disease therapy, there has been little testing of these drugs for their effects on aging. The pool of FDA approved drugs therefore represents a large reservoir of drug candidates with substantial potential for anti-aging therapy. In this paper we employ FINDSITEcomb, a powerful ligand homology modeling program, to identify binding partners for proteins produced by temperature sensing genes that have been implicated in aging. This list of drugs with potential to modulate aging rates was then tested experimentally for lifespan and healthspan extension using a small invertebrate model. Three protein targets of the rotifer Brachionus manjavacas corresponding to products of the transient receptor potential gene 7, ribosomal protein S6 polypeptide 2 gene, or forkhead box C gene, were screened against a compound library consisting of DrugBank drugs including 1347 FDA approved, non-nutraceutical molecules. Twenty nine drugs ranked in the top 1 % for binding to each target were subsequently included in our experimental analysis. Continuous exposure of rotifers to 1 µM naproxen significantly extended rotifer mean lifespan by 14 %. We used three endpoints to estimate rotifer health: swimming speed (mobility proxy), reproduction (overall vitality), and mitochondria activity (cellular senescence proxy). The natural decline in swimming speed with aging was more gradual when rotifers were exposed to three drugs, so that on day 6, mean swimming speed of females was 1.19 mm/s for naproxen (P = 0.038), 1.20 for fludarabine (P = 0.040), 1.35 for hydralazine (P = 0.038), as compared to 0.88 mm/s in the control. The average reproduction of control females in the second half of their reproductive lifespan was 1.08 per day. In contrast, females treated with 1 µM naproxen produced 1.4 offspring per day (P = 0.027) and females treated with 10 µM fludarabine or 1 µM hydralazine produced 1.72 (P = <0.001) and 1.66 (P = 0.001) offspring per day, respectively. Mitochondrial activity naturally declines with rotifer aging, but B. manjavacas treated with 1 µM hydralazine or 10 µM fludarabine retained 49 % (P = 0.038) and 89 % (P = 0.002) greater mitochondria activity, respectively, than untreated controls. Our results demonstrate that coupling computation to experimentation can quickly identify new drug candidates with anti-aging potential. Screening drugs for anti-aging effects using a rotifer bioassay is a powerful first step in identifying compounds worthy of follow-up in vertebrate models. Even if lifespan extension is not observed, certain drugs could improve healthspan, slowing age-dependent losses in mobility and vitality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Snell
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0230, USA.
| | - Rachel K Johnston
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0230, USA
| | - Bharath Srinivasan
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0230, USA
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0230, USA
| | - Mu Gao
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0230, USA
| | - Jeffrey Skolnick
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0230, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
L-carnosine enhanced reproductive potential of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast growing on medium containing glucose as a source of carbon. Biogerontology 2016; 17:737-47. [PMID: 27040824 PMCID: PMC4933726 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide composed of β-alanine and L-histidine, which occurs in vertebrates, including humans. It has a number of favorable properties including buffering, chelating, antioxidant, anti-glycation and anti-aging activities. In our study we used the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast as a model organism to examine the impact of L-carnosine on the cell lifespan. We demonstrated that L-carnosine slowed down the growth and decreased the metabolic activity of cells as well as prolonged their generation time. On the other hand, it allowed for enhancement of the yeast reproductive potential and extended its reproductive lifespan. These changes may be a result of the reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased ATP content in the yeast cells. However, due to reduction of the post-reproductive lifespan, L-carnosine did not have an influence on the total lifespan of yeast. In conclusion, L-carnosine does not extend the total lifespan of S. cerevisiae but rather it increases the yeast's reproductive capacity by increasing the number of daughter cells produced.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sha J, Wang Y, Chen H, Wang M, Wang H, Li X, Qi L, Tang X. Using population demographic parameters to assess impacts of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-209) on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 119:106-115. [PMID: 25988436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are highly persistent anthropogenic contaminants found in the environment, posing a risk to aquatic ecosystems, whereas there is a lack of data concerning their impacts on marine invertebrates. The objective of this study was to assess the relative lethal and sublethal aquatic toxicity effects of two PBDEs, BDE-47 and BDE-209 congeners, on marine zooplankton rotifer Brachionus plicatilis associated with PBDE concentrations and time of exposure. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed to determine actual PBDE concentrations. Rotifer population demographic parameters from life tables, including age-specific survivorship (lx), age-specific fecundity (mx), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), life expectancy (E0) and generation time (T), were used as measures of treatment effects. Results from this study have revealed increasingly intense negative effects on many of the rotifer demographic parameters with elevated PBDE concentrations. The population growth curves of B. plicatilis showed almost no lag phase and reached peak abundances within 11 days, while B. plicatilis exposed to BDE-209 had a lag phase of about 5 days. In addition, increased PBDE levels reduced the population abundances and peak population densities of B. plicatilis. The two PBDEs have caused the carrying capacity (K) suppressed and the negative influence turned more serious as the concentration rose. Results also revealed that the time to reach growth curve inflection point (Tp) was shortened by PBDEs to different degrees. This study not only indicated that life table demography and population growth curve studies were two important aspects used to evaluate toxicant PBDE effects, but also compared the two PBDE disruptions to the population growth and reproduction of the rotifer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sha
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lei Qi
- The First Institute of Oceanography (FIO), State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hochberg R, Wallace RL, Walsh EJ. Soft Bodies, Hard Jaws: An Introduction to the Symposium, with Rotifers as Models of Jaw Diversity. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:179-92. [PMID: 25796591 PMCID: PMC6296403 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Jaws have evolved numerous times in the animal kingdom and they display a wide variety of structural, compositional, and functional characteristics that reflect their polyphyletic origins. Among soft-bodied invertebrates, jaws are known from annelids, chaetognaths, flatworms, gnathostomulids, micrognathozoans, mollusks, rotifers, and several ecdysozoans. Depending on the taxon, jaws may function in the capture of prey (e.g., chaetognaths and flatworms), processing of prey (e.g., gnathostomulids and onychophorans), or both (e.g., rotifers). Although structural diversity among invertebrates’ jaws is becoming better characterized with the use of electron microscopy, many details remain poorly described, including neuromuscular control, elemental composition, and physical characteristics, such as hardness and resistance to wear. Unfortunately, absence of relevant data has impeded understanding of their functional diversity and evolutionary origins. With this symposium, we bring together researchers of disparately jawed taxa to draw structural and mechanistic comparisons among species to determine their commonalities. Additionally, we show that rotifers’ jaws, which are perhaps the best-characterized jaws among invertebrates, are still enigmatic with regard to their origins and mechanics. Nevertheless, technologies such as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and 3D modeling are being used to characterize their chemical composition and to develop physical models that allow exploration of their mechanical properties, respectively. We predict that these methods can also be used to develop biomimetic and bioinspired constructs based on the full range of the complexity of jaws, and that such constructs also can be developed from other invertebrate taxa. These approaches may also shed light on common developmental and physiological processes that facilitate the evolution of invertebrates’ jaws.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick Hochberg
- *Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Robert L. Wallace
- Biology Department, Ripon College, 300 Seward Street, Ripon, WI 54971, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Walsh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
González-Riopedre G, Bermejo MR, Fernández-García MI, González-Noya AM, Pedrido R, Rodríguez-Doutón MJ, Maneiro M. Alkali-Metal-Ion-Directed Self-Assembly of Redox-Active Manganese(III) Supramolecular Boxes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2512-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501842x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo González-Riopedre
- Departamento de
Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Manuel R. Bermejo
- Centro de Investigación en Química
Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Fernández-García
- Departamento de
Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Ana M. González-Noya
- Departamento de
Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Química
Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosa Pedrido
- Departamento de
Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Química
Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Jesús Rodríguez-Doutón
- Departamento de
Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Marcelino Maneiro
- Departamento de
Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Comparative biogerontology has much to contribute to the study of aging. A broad range of aging rates have evolved to meet environmental challenges, and understanding these adaptations can produce valuable insights into aging. The supra Phylum Lophotrochozoa is particularly understudied and has several groups that have intriguing patterns of aging. Members of the Lophotrochozoan phylum Rotifera are particularly useful for aging studies because cohort life tables can be conducted with them easily, and biochemical and genomic tools are available for examining aging mechanisms. This paper reviews a variety of caloric restriction (CR) regimens, small molecule inhibitors, and dietary supplements that extend rotifer lifespan, as well as important interactions between CR and genotype, antioxidant supplements, and TOR and jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, and the use of RNAi to identify key genes involved in modulating the aging response. Examples of how rapamycin and JNK inhibitor exposure keeps mortality rates low during the reproductive phase of the life cycle are presented, and the ease of conducting life table experiments to screen natural products from red algae for life extending effects is illustrated. Finally, experimental evolution to produce longer-lived rotifer individuals is demonstrated, and future directions to determine the genetic basis of aging are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Snell
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0230, USA
| | - Rachel K Johnston
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0230, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Snell TW, Johnston RK. Glycerol extends lifespan of Brachionus manjavacas (Rotifera) and protects against stressors. Exp Gerontol 2014; 57:47-56. [PMID: 24835191 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Diet has profound effects on animal longevity and manipulation of nutrient sensing pathways is one of the primary interventions capable of lifespan extension. This often is done through caloric restriction (CR) and a variety of CR mimics have been identified that produce life extending effects without adhering to the rigorous CR dietary regimen. Glycerol is a dietary supplement capable mimicking CR by shifting metabolism away from glycolysis and towards oxidative phosphorylation. Glycerol supplementation has a number of beneficial effects, including lifespan extension, improved stress resistance, and enhanced locomotory and mitochondria activity in older age classes. Using rotifers as a model, we show that supplements of 150-300mM glycerol produced 40-50% extension of mean lifespan. This effect was produced by raising glycerol concentration only three times higher than its baseline concentration in rotifer tissues. Glycerol supplementation decreased rotifer reliance on glycolysis and reduced the pro-aging effects of glucose. Glycerol also acted as a chemical chaperone, mitigating damage by protein aggregation. Glycerol treatment improved rotifer swimming performance in older age classes and maintained more mitochondrial activity. Glycerol treatment provided increased resistance to starvation, heat, oxidation, and osmotic stress, but not UV stress. When glycerol was co-administered with the hexokinase inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose, the lifespan extending effect of glycerol was enhanced. Co-administration of glycerol with inhibitors like 2-deoxyglucose can lower their efficacious doses, thereby reducing their toxic side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Snell
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA.
| | - Rachel K Johnston
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Snell TW, Johnston RK, Rabeneck B, Zipperer C, Teat S. Joint inhibition of TOR and JNK pathways interacts to extend the lifespan of Brachionus manjavacas (Rotifera). Exp Gerontol 2014; 52:55-69. [PMID: 24486130 PMCID: PMC3970784 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The TOR kinase pathway is central in modulating aging in a variety of animal models. The target of rapamycin (TOR) integrates a complex network of signals from growth conditions, nutrient availability, energy status, and physiological stresses and matches an organism's growth rate to the resource environment. Important remaining problems are the identification of the pathways that interact with TOR and their characterization as additive or synergistic. One of the most versatile stress sensors in metazoans is the Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. JNK is an evolutionarily conserved stress-activated protein kinase that is induced by a range of stressors, including UV irradiation, reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, heat, and bacterial antigens. JNK is thought to interact with the TOR pathway, but its effects on TOR are poorly understood. We used the rotifer Brachionus manjavacas as a model animal to probe the regulation of TOR and JNK pathways and explore their interaction. The effect of various chemical inhibitors was examined in life table and stressor challenge experiments. A survey of 12 inhibitors revealed two, rapamycin and JNK inhibitor, that significantly extended lifespan of B. manjavacas. At 1 μM concentration, exposure to rapamycin or JNK inhibitor extended mean rotifer lifespan by 35% and maximum lifespan by 37%. Exposure to both rapamycin and JNK inhibitor simultaneously extended mean rotifer lifespan by 65% more than either alone. Exposure to a combination of rapamycin and JNK inhibitors conveyed greater protection to starvation, UV and osmotic stress than either inhibitor alone. RNAi knockdown of TOR and JNK gene expression was investigated for its ability to extend rotifer lifespan. RNAi knockdown of the TOR gene resulted in 29% extension of the mean lifespan compared to control and knockdown of the JNK gene resulted in 51% mean lifespan extension. In addition to the lifespan, we quantified mitochondria activity using the fluorescent marker MitoTracker and lysosome activity using LysoTracker. Treatment of rotifers with JNK inhibitor enhanced mitochondria activity nearly 3-fold, whereas rapamycin treatment had no significant effect. Treatment of rotifers with rapamycin or JNK inhibitor reduced lysosome activity in 1, 3 and 8 day old animals, but treatment with both inhibitors did not produce any additive effect. We conclude that inhibition of TOR and JNK pathways significantly extends the lifespan of B. manjavacas. These pathways interact so that inhibition of both simultaneously acts additively to extend rotifer lifespan more than the inhibition of either alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Snell
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA.
| | - Rachel K Johnston
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA
| | - Brett Rabeneck
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA
| | - Cody Zipperer
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA
| | - Stephanie Teat
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Snell TW. Rotifers as models for the biology of aging. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY 2014; 99:84-95. [PMID: 24791148 PMCID: PMC4004354 DOI: 10.1002/iroh.201301707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been two decades since 1993 when research on the biology of rotifer aging was last reviewed by Enesco. Much has transpired during this time as rotifer biologists have adapted to the "omics" revolution and incorporated these techniques into the experimental analysis of rotifers. Rotifers are amenable to many of these approaches and getting adequate quantities of DNA, RNA, and protein from rotifers is not difficult. Analysis of rotifer genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes is rapidly yielding candidate genes that likely regulate a variety of features of rotifer biology. Parallel developments in aging biology have recognized the limitations of standard animal models like worms and flies and that comparative aging research has essentially ignored a large fraction of animal phylogeny in the lophotrochozoans. As experimentally tractable members of this group, rotifers have attracted interest as models of aging. In this paper, I review advances over the past 20 years in the biology of aging in rotifers, with emphasis on the unique contributions of rotifer models for understanding aging. The majority of experimental work has manipulated rotifer diet and followed changes in survival and reproductive dynamics like mean lifespan, maximum lifespan, reproductive lifespan, and mortality rate doubling time. The main dietary manipulation has been some form of caloric restriction, withholding food for some period or feeding continuously at low levels. There have been comparative studies of several rotifer species, with some species responding to caloric restriction with life extension, but others not, at least under the tested food regimens. Other aspects of diet are less explored, like nutritional properties of different algae species and their capacity to extend rotifer lifespan. Several descriptive studies have reported many genes involved in rotifer aging by comparing gene expression in young and old individuals. Classes of genes up or down-regulated during aging have become prime targets for rotifer aging investigations. Alterations of gene expression by exposure to specific inhibitors or RNAi knockdown will probably yield valuable insights into the cellular mechanisms of rotifer life extension. I highlight major experimental contributions in each of these areas and indicate opportunities where I believe additional investigation is likely to be profitable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry W. Snell
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang J, Mu Y, Dong S, Jiang Q, Yang J. Changes in the expression of four heat shock proteins during the aging process in Brachionus calyciflorus (rotifera). Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:33-52. [PMID: 23620205 PMCID: PMC3857431 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones and have an important role in the refolding and degradation of misfolded proteins, and these functions are related to aging. Rotifer is a useful model organism in aging research, owing to small body size (0.1-1 mm), short lifespan (6-14 days), and senescence phenotypes that can be measured relatively easily. Therefore, we used rotifer as a model to determine the role of four typical hsp genes on the aging process in order to provide a better understanding of rotifer aging. We cloned cDNA encoding hsp genes (hsp40, hsp60, hsp70, and hsp90) from the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, analyzed their molecular characteristics, determined its modulatory response under different temperatures and H2O2 concentrations and investigated the changes in expression of these genes during the aging process. We found that Bchsp70 mRNA expression significantly decreased with aging. In addition, we also studied the effects of dietary restriction (DR) and vitamin E on rotifer lifespan and reproduction and analyzed the changes in expression of these four Bchsp genes in rotifers treated with DR and vitamin E. The results showed that DR extended the lifespan of rotifers and reduced their fecundity, whereas vitamin E had no significant effect on rotifer lifespan or reproduction. Real-time PCR indicated that DR increased the expression of these four Bchsps. However, vitamin E only improved the expression of Bchsp60, and reduced the expression of Bchsp40, Bchsp70, and Bchsp90. DR pretreatment also increased rotifer survival rate under paraquat-induced oxidative stress. These results indicated that hsp genes had an important role in the anti-aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Yang
- />Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yawen Mu
- />Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 People’s Republic of China
| | - Siming Dong
- />Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- />Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- />Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gribble KE, Kaido O, Jarvis G, Mark Welch DB. Patterns of intraspecific variability in the response to caloric restriction. Exp Gerontol 2013; 51:28-37. [PMID: 24384399 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is cited as the most robust means of increasing lifespan across a range of taxa, yet there is a high degree of variability in the response to CR, both within and between species. To examine the intraspecific evolutionary conservation of lifespan extension by CR, we tested the effects of chronic caloric restriction (CCR) at multiple food levels and of intermittent fasting (IF) in twelve isolates from the Brachionus plicatilis species complex of monogonont rotifers. While CCR generally increased or did not change lifespan and total fecundity, IF caused increased, unchanged, or decreased lifespan, depending upon the isolate, and decreased total fecundity in all but one isolate. Lifespan under ad libitum (AL) feeding varied among isolates and predicted the lifespan response to CR: longer-lived isolates under AL were less likely to have a significant increase in lifespan under CCR and were more likely to have a significantly shortened lifespan under IF. Lifespan under AL conditions and the response to CR were not correlated with hydroperiodicity of native habitat or with time in culture. Lack of trade-off between lifespan and fecundity under CCR, and differences in lifespan and fecundity under CCR and IF, even when average food intake was similar, suggest that longevity changes are not always directly determined by energy intake and that CCR and IF regimens extend lifespan through diverse genetic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oksana Kaido
- Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL St., Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George Jarvis
- Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL St., Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lifespan extension of rotifers by treatment with red algal extracts. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1420-7. [PMID: 24120568 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aging results from an accumulation of damage to macromolecules inhibiting cellular replication, repair, and other necessary functions. Damage may be due to environmental stressors such as metal toxicity, oxidative stress caused by imperfections in electron transfer reactions, or other metabolic processes. In an effort to discover medical treatments that counteract this damage, we initiated a search for small molecule drugs from natural sources using life table experiments which, through their unbiased approach, present the opportunity to discover first-in-class molecules. We have identified marine red algae as a source of natural products that slow aging of the invertebrate rotifer Brachionus manjavacas. Rotifers are a promising model organism for life extension studies as they maintain a short, measurable lifespan while also having an extensive literature related to aging. Rotifer lifespan was increased 9-14% by exposure to three of a total of 200 screened red algal extracts. Bioassay guided fractionation led to semi-purified extracts composed primarily of lipids responsible for rotifer life extension. The life extending mixture from the red alga Acanthophora spicifera contained eicosanoic, octadecanoic, and hexadecanoic acids as well as several unidentified unsaturated fatty acids. The life extending effects of these small molecule mixtures are not a result of their direct antioxidant capacity; other unknown mechanisms of action are likely involved. An understanding of how these natural products interact with their molecular targets could lead to selective and effective treatments for slowing aging and reducing age related diseases.
Collapse
|
28
|
A cytoprotective perspective on longevity regulation. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 23:409-20. [PMID: 23726168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are many mechanisms of lifespan extension, including the disruption of insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling, metabolism, translation, and feeding. Despite the disparate functions of these pathways, inhibition of each induces responses that buffer stress and damage. Here, emphasizing data from genetic analyses in Caenorhabditis elegans, we explore the effectors and upstream regulatory components of numerous cytoprotective mechanisms activated as major elements of longevity programs, including detoxification, innate immunity, proteostasis, and oxidative stress response. We show that their induction underpins longevity extension across functionally diverse triggers and across species. Intertwined with the evolution of longevity, cytoprotective pathways are coupled to the surveillance of core cellular components, with important implications in normal and aberrant responses to drugs, chemicals, and pathogens.
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang J, Dong S, Jiang Q, Si Q, Liu X, Yang J. Characterization and expression of cytoplasmic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD) gene under temperature and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Gene 2013; 518:388-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Yang J, Dong S, Jiang Q, Kuang T, Huang W, Yang J. Changes in expression of manganese superoxide dismutase, copper and zinc superoxide dismutase and catalase in Brachionus calyciflorus during the aging process. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57186. [PMID: 23451185 PMCID: PMC3579794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotifers are useful model organisms for aging research, owing to their small body size (0.1–1 mm), short lifespan (6–14 days) and the relative easy in which aging and senescence phenotypes can be measured. Recent studies have shown that antioxidants can extend the lifespan of rotifers. In this paper, we analyzed changes in the mRNA expression level of genes encoding the antioxidants manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper and zinc SOD (CuZnSOD) and catalase (CAT) during rotifer aging to clarify the function of these enzymes in this process. We also investigated the effects of common life-prolonging methods [dietary restriction (DR) and resveratrol] on the mRNA expression level of these genes. The results showed that the mRNA expression level of MnSOD decreased with aging, whereas that of CuZnSOD increased. The mRNA expression of CAT did not change significantly. This suggests that the ability to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria reduces with aging, thus aggravating the damaging effect of ROS on the mitochondria. DR significantly increased the mRNA expression level of MnSOD, CuZnSOD and CAT, which might explain why DR is able to extend rotifer lifespan. Although resveratrol also increased the mRNA expression level of MnSOD, it had significant inhibitory effects on the mRNA expression of CuZnSOD and CAT. In short, mRNA expression levels of CAT, MnSOD and CuZnSOD are likely to reflect the ability of mitochondria to eliminate ROS and delay the aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Siming Dong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengjiao Kuang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang J, Dong S, Zhu H, Jiang Q, Yang J. Molecular and expression analysis of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn–SOD) gene under temperature and starvation stress in rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Mol Biol Rep 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|