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Mármol-Sánchez E, Artman JS, Fredholm M, Cirera S. Unraveling molecular mechanisms involved in the development of leptin resistance using the pig as a model. Anim Genet 2020; 52:55-65. [PMID: 33325551 DOI: 10.1111/age.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The increase in obesity worldwide underlines the need for research concerning its metabolic and genetic determinants. One of the most intriguing mechanisms regarding obesity involves leptin and its signaling cascade. Leptin is a key regulator contributing to the fine-tuned crosstalk between nutrient availability and appetite signaling in the central nervous system. Owing to ethical concerns, many human tissues are not readily available and pigs can serve as a good animal model owing to their comparable anatomy, metabolism and genetics. In the present study, we utilized the pig to investigate the possible impact of increased adiposity on the development of alterations within the leptin signaling pathway. Two divergent groups of pigs (High and Low) were defined based on a high and low amount of mesenteric fat. Cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, mesenteric, subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat tissues were used to study changes in expression levels of 94 mRNA transcripts related to the leptin signaling pathway using the qPCR approach. No significant differences were found at the central nervous system, whereas the expression level of STAT1 was reduced in mesenteric fat and leptin (LEP) and interleukin 6 (IL6) were shown to be consistently increased in all analyzed fat compartments from pigs with a high amount of mesenteric fat. These results could imply the onset of leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokine overexpression at early stages of obesity in the analyzed pigs without affecting any key components in the central nervous system. Thus, these pigs showing a unique leptin deregulation in adipose tissues could be a useful translational resource for studies of obesity and leptin resistance phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mármol-Sánchez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark.,Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - J S Artman
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - M Fredholm
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - S Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
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Kociucka B, Jackowiak H, Kamyczek M, Szydlowski M, Szczerbal I. The relationship between adipocyte size and the transcript levels of SNAP23, BSCL2 and COPA genes in pigs. Meat Sci 2016; 121:12-18. [PMID: 27232380 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breed-specific differences in fat tissue accumulation in the pig provide an opportunity to study the genetic background of this process. In the present study three pig breeds, differing in fatness, were analyzed in terms of the size of adipocytes derived from three tissues (subcutaneous, visceral and longissimus dorsi muscle) in relation to transcript levels of genes (SNAP23, BSCL2 and COPA), which encode proteins involved in lipid droplet formation. The analysis of adipocyte size revealed significant effects of breed and tissue and confirmed earlier reports that an elevated backfat thickness in some pig breeds is correlated with a larger adipocyte size. Variability in the transcript abundance of the studied genes among breeds and tissues was observed. We found a positive correlation between the abundance of the SNAP23 transcript and adipocyte diameter. The obtained results indicate that SNAP23 may be considered as an interesting candidate gene involved in adipose tissue growth in the pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kociucka
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Jackowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marian Kamyczek
- Pig Hybridization Centre, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 64-122 Pawlowice, Poland
| | - Maciej Szydlowski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
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Crisà A, D’Andrea M, Willems D, Pilla F, Valentini A. SNPs identification in swine leptin 5’ flanking region and transcriptional activity of naturally occurring promoter haplotypes. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2011.e49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Crisà
- Centro di ricerca per la produzione delle carni e il miglioramento genetico, Monterotondo (RM), Italy
| | - Mariasilvia D’Andrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali Vegetalie dell’Ambiente, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Daniela Willems
- Dipartimento per la innovazione nei sistemi biologici, agroalimentari e forestali, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Fabio Pilla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali Vegetalie dell’Ambiente, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessio Valentini
- Centro di ricerca per la produzione delle carni e il miglioramento genetico, Monterotondo (RM), Italy
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Guiatti D, Stefanon B, Sgorlon S. Association Analysis between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Promoter Region ofLEP, MYF6, MYOD1, OPN, SCDGenes and Carcass Traits in Heavy Pigs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2013.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang C, Zhang H, Niu L, Guo J, Jia X, Wang L, Li L, Zhang H, Zhong T. The novel SNPs of leptin gene and their associations with growth traits in Chinese Nanjiang Yellow goat. Gene 2015; 572:35-41. [PMID: 26142105 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The leptin (LEP) gene encodes a protein that greatly affects the regulation of body weight, energy balance, and food intake in mammals. The objective of the present work was to identify genetic variants of the caprine LEP gene in 411 individuals from five Chinese goat breeds. Six novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (g.117T > C, g.1642G > A, g.2883G > A, g.3053T > C, g.3190G > A, and g.3314T > C) were detected using DNA sequencing. A chi-squared (χ(2)) test showed that all of the LEP SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the studied population (P > 0.05). Six common haplotypes were identified in the five goat populations, with frequencies ranging from 0.083 to 0.244. The r(2) linkage disequilibrium plot of the LEP SNPs indicated linkage disequilibrium only in the cultured breeds (NJ and JY). Statistical analysis revealed that all of the six SNPs of the LEP gene were associated with growth traits. The individuals with the GG genotype at g.1642G>A and g.3190G > A loci showed higher birth weight (2.38 ± 0.03, 2.43 ± 0.05) and weight at 2 months of age (10.59 ± 0.16, 10.71 ± 0.26) than the A-bearing genotypes (AA or GA, P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that polymorphisms of the caprine LEP gene might be important genetic factors influencing growth traits, and these genetic markers may be useful for future marker-assisted selection programs in goat breeding and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Mankowska M, Szydlowski M, Salamon S, Bartz M, Switonski M. Novel Polymorphisms in Porcine 3′UTR of the Leptin Gene, Including a Rare Variant within Target Sequence for MIR-9 Gene in Duroc Breed, not Associated with Production Traits. Anim Biotechnol 2014; 26:156-63. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2014.958612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Huang H, Wei Y, Meng Z, Zhang Y, Liu X, Guo L, Luo J, Chen G, Lin H. Polymorphisms of leptin-b gene associated with growth traits in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11996-2006. [PMID: 25003640 PMCID: PMC4139826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, leptin has been demonstrated to perform important roles in many physiological activities and to influence development, growth, metabolism and reproduction. However, in fish, its function is still unclear. Duplicate leptin genes, leptin-a and leptin-b, have been identified in the orange-spotted grouper. In the present study, the polymorphisms in the leptin-b gene of the orange-spotted grouper were detected, and the relation between these polymorphisms and 12 growth traits were analyzed. Six polymorphisms (including 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (c.14G>A, c.93A>G, c.149G>A) in exon 1, 2 SNPs (c.181A>G, c.193G>A) in intron 1, and 1 SNP (c.360C>T) in exon 2) were identified and genotyped from 200 different individuals. The results revealed that the SNP c.149G>A was significantly associated with growth traits, that the heterozygous mutation genotype GA having negative effects on growth traits. However, the other five SNPs (c.14G>A, c.93A>G, c.181A>G, c.193G>A, c.360C>T) did not show significant associations with all the growth traits. Compared with our findings in leptin-a gene, the results suggested that the leptin-a hormone has more important physiological effects in fish bodies than the leptin-b type. Moreover, leptin genes were supposed to be one class of major candidate genes of regulating growth traits in the orange-spotted grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Sanya Science & Technology Academy of Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication, Sanya 572000, China.
| | - Yun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biology Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Zining Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biology Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Guohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biology Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Haoran Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biology Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Maitra A, Sharma R, Pandey A, Singh L, Mandakmale S, Mishra B. Preliminary identification and characterisation of leptin gene polymorphism in Indian goats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2013.795895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Transcriptional Characterization of Porcine Leptin and Leptin Receptor Genes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66398. [PMID: 23824082 PMCID: PMC3688923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The leptin (LEP) and its receptor (LEPR) regulate food intake and energy balance through hypothalamic signaling. However, the LEP-LEPR axis seems to be more complex and its expression regulation has not been well described. In pigs, LEP and LEPR genes have been widely studied due to their relevance. Previous studies reported significant effects of SNPs located in both genes on growth and fatness traits. The aim of this study was to determine the expression profiles of LEP and LEPR across hypothalamic, adipose, hepatic and muscle tissues in Iberian x Landrace backcrossed pigs and to analyze the effects of gene variants on transcript abundance. To our knowledge, non porcine LEPR isoforms have been described rather than LEPRb. A short porcine LEPR isoform (LEPRa), that encodes a protein lacking the intracellular residues responsible of signal transduction, has been identified for the first time. The LEPRb isoform was only quantifiable in hypothalamus while LEPRa appeared widely expressed across tissues, but at higher levels in liver, suggesting that both isoforms would develop different roles. The unique LEP transcript showed expression in backfat and muscle. The effects of gene variants on transcript expression revealed interesting results. The LEPRc.1987C>T polymorphism showed opposite effects on LEPRb and LEPRa hypothalamic expression. In addition, one out of the 16 polymorphisms identified in the LEPR promoter region revealed high differential expression in hepatic LEPRa. These results suggest a LEPR isoform-specific regulation at tissue level. Conversely, non-differential expression of LEP conditional on the analyzed polymorphisms could be detected, indicating that its regulation is likely affected by other mechanisms rather than gene sequence variants. The present study has allowed a transcriptional characterization of LEP and LEPR isoforms on a range of tissues. Their expression patterns seem to indicate that both molecules develop peripheral roles apart from their known hypothalamic signal transduction function.
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Wei Y, Huang H, Meng Z, Zhang Y, Luo J, Chen G, Lin H. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the leptin-a gene and associations with growth traits in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8625-37. [PMID: 23609495 PMCID: PMC3645766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a multifunctional protein involved in processes such as body weight regulation, energy expenditure, fat metabolism, food intake, and appetite regulation. Duplicate leptin genes, leptin-a and leptin-b, were previously detected in the orange-spotted grouper. In this study, we cloned the full-length open reading frame (ORF) of the leptin-a gene in the orange-spotted grouper, searched for polymorphisms, and performed association analyses between these polymorphisms and seven growth traits. Six polymorphisms, consisting of 2 SNPs in intron 1 (c.182T > G, c.183G > T) and 4 SNPs in exon 2 (c.339C > G, c.345C > T, c.447G > A, c.531C > T), were identified and genotyped in 200 individuals. The c.182T > G and c.183G > T polymorphisms showed complete linkage and were analyzed together. Association analyses revealed that the c.182 + 183TG > GT polymorphism was significantly associated with body weight (BWT) and body width (BWH), with the AB (TG/GT) genotype showing positive effects on growth traits. Additionally, the SNP c.447G > A was significantly associated with BWT, BWH, overall length (OL), trunk width (TW), and head length (HL), with the GA genotype displaying positive effects on growth traits. The c.531C > T SNP showed a close association between the TT genotype and decreased growth. Our results demonstrate that several polymorphisms in the leptin-a gene are associated with growth traits and can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in orange-spotted grouper populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biology Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
- Sanya Science & Technology Academy of Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Sanya Science & Technology Academy of Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Zining Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, China; E-Mails: (Z.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, China; E-Mails: (Z.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biology Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Guohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biology Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Haoran Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biology Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (J.L.); (G.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, China; E-Mails: (Z.M.); (Y.Z.)
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Abstract
The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin is a critical regulator of many physiological functions, ranging from satiety to immunity. Surprisingly, very little is known about the transcriptional pathways that regulate adipocyte-specific expression of leptin. In a recent published study, we pursued a strategy integrating BAC transgenic reporter mice, in vitro reporter assays, and chromatin state mapping to locate an adipocyte-specific cis-element upstream of the LEP gene in human fat cells. Quantitative proteomics (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, SILAC) with affinity enrichment of protein-DNA complexes identified the transcription factor FOSL2 as a specific binder to the identified region. We confirmed that FOSL2 is an important regulator of LEP gene expression in vitro and in vivo using cell culture models and genetic mouse models. In this commentary, we discuss the transcriptional regulation of LEP gene expression, our strategy to identify an adipocyte-specific cis-regulatory element and the transcription factor(s) responsible for LEP gene expression. We also discuss our data on FOSL2 and leptin levels in physiology and pathophysiology. We speculate on unanswered questions and future directions.
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Abstract
Fat affects meat quality, value and production efficiency as well as providing energy reserves for pregnancy and lactation in farm livestock. Leptin, the adipocyte product of the obese (ob) gene, was quickly seen as a predictor of body fat content in animals approaching slaughter and an aid to assessing reproductive readiness in females. Its participation in inflammation and immune responses that help animals survive infection and trauma has clear additional relevance to meat and milk production. Furthermore, almost a decade of discoveries of nucleotide polymorphisms in the leptin and leptin receptor genes has suggested useful applications relating to feed intake regulation, the efficiency of feed use, the composition of growth, the timing of puberty, mammogenesis and mammary gland function and fertility in cattle, pigs and poultry. The current review attempts to summarise where research has taken us in each of these aspects and speculates on where future research might lead.
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Wrann CD, Eguchi J, Bozec A, Xu Z, Mikkelsen T, Gimble J, Nave H, Wagner EF, Ong SE, Rosen ED. FOSL2 promotes leptin gene expression in human and mouse adipocytes. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:1010-21. [PMID: 22326952 DOI: 10.1172/jci58431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin is a critical regulator of many physiological functions, ranging from satiety to immunity. Surprisingly, very little is known about the transcriptional pathways that regulate adipocyte-specific expression of leptin. Here, we report studies in which we pursued a strategy integrating BAC transgenic reporter mice, reporter assays, and chromatin state mapping to locate an adipocyte-specific cis-element upstream of the leptin (LEP) gene in human fat cells. Quantitative proteomics with affinity enrichment of protein-DNA complexes identified the transcription factor FOS-like antigen 2 (FOSL2) as binding specifically to the identified region, a result that was confirmed by ChIP. Knockdown of FOSL2 in human adipocytes decreased LEP expression, and overexpression of Fosl2 increased Lep expression in mouse adipocytes. Moreover, the elevated LEP expression observed in obesity correlated well with increased FOSL2 levels in mice and humans, and adipocyte-specific genetic deletion of Fosl2 in mice reduced Lep expression. Taken together, these data identify FOSL2 as a critical regulator of leptin expression in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane D Wrann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Liu D, Hu Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Wei S, Jiang Y. Identification and genetic effects of a novel polymorphism in the distal promoter region of porcine leptin gene. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:2051-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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D'Andrea M, Pilla F, Giuffra E, Waddington D, Archibald AL. Structural analysis and haplotype diversity in swine LEP and MC4R genes. J Anim Breed Genet 2008; 125:130-6. [PMID: 18363978 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2007.00689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about structural variation of candidate genes could be important to improve breeding selection scheme and preserve genetic variability in livestock species. Leptin (LEP) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) genes are involved in the energetic pathway and are obvious candidate genes for fatness. By sequencing LEP and MC4R genes in 72 pigs belonging to lean (Large White and Duroc), fat (Meishan and Casertana) breeds and also Wild Boar, 98 polymorphic sites, of which 91 were novel, were found in the Leptin sequence while only the previously described mutation was found in the MC4R gene. A total of 18 LEP haplotypes were observed and their distribution was unequal among the breeds. The phylogenetic analysis showed two haplotype branches distinguishing between lean and fat breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D'Andrea
- Dip SAVA, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
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