1
|
Traditional and Phytochemical Bases of Herbs, Shrubs, Climbers, and Trees from Ethiopia for Their Anticancer Response. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1589877. [PMID: 35155671 PMCID: PMC8831057 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1589877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ethiopia is one of Africa's six plant-rich countries, with around 60% of the plants being indigenous and most of them having medicinal properties. 80% of people in the country use these plants as a primary health care system to tackle different diseases, including cancer. This review is aimed at summarizing the evidence gained from diverse MPs in Ethiopia that have been used ethnobotanically and ethnopharmacologically for treatment of cancer. The primary data sources were Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and other electronic scientific databases. This literature review showed that there are around 200 MPs used as anticancer. Seventy-four herbs, 39 trees, 77 shrubs, and 17 weed/climbers belonging to 56 families have been identified for their ethnobotanical anticancer potential, and 31 species were recognized for their pharmaceutically anticancer activities. The reviewed data also indicated that many Ethiopian MPs had been used to treat breast, lung, blood, and skin cancers and other tumors. Besides, the collected data showed that the leaves (36.76%), roots (27.2%), bark (12.5%), stem (5.1%), and fruit (7.35%) of plants are commonly used for the preparation of anticancer remedies. Among the reported plant species, Euphorbiaceae (10.71%), Acanthaceae (7.14%), and Asteraceae (7.1%) are the most prominent plant families being used to treat cancer ethnobotanically. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids (like xanthone, indirubin, flavopiridol, and silybin), alkaloids (like taxol, vincristine, evodiamine, and berberine), and physalin B, D, and F steroids exhibited anticancer activity on various cancer cell lines. The crude extracts of Aerva javanica, Vernonia leopoldi, Withania somnifera, Kniphofia foliosa, and Catharanthus roseus were powerful anticancer agents with an IC50 value below 10 μg/mL. Although several Ethiopian plants possess anticancer potential, only a limited number of plants are scientifically studied. Therefore, more scientific studies on anticancer MPs should be carried out; it may lead to discovering and isolating cost-effective and safe anticancer drugs.
Collapse
|
2
|
He H, Li J, Xie Y, Li Z, Shi H, Lu CD. Effects of soy isoflavones on intake, body weight, sex hormones, antioxidant performance, and semen quality in Xinong Saanen goats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1901716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanshan He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jintao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaiping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Christopher D. Lu
- College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii, Hilo, Hawaii, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Namdeo AG, Boddu SHS, Amawi H, Ashby CR, Tukaramrao DB, Trivedi P, Babu RJ, Tiwari AK. Flavonoids as Multi-Target Compounds: A Special Emphasis on their Potential as Chemo-adjuvants in Cancer Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1712-1728. [PMID: 32003663 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200128095248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are low molecular weight, polyphenolic phytochemicals, obtained from secondary metabolism of various plant compounds. They have a spectrum of pharmacological efficacies, including potential anticancer efficacy. Natural flavonoids are present in fruits, vegetables, grains, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea and wine. Flavonoids can attenuate or inhibit the initiation, promotion and progression of cancer by modulating various enzymes and receptors in diverse pathways that involve cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in vitro, flavonoids have been shown to reverse multidrug resistance when used as chemo-adjuvants. Flavonoids (both natural and synthetic analogues) interact with several oncogenic targets through dependent and independent mechanisms to mediate their anticancer efficacy in different types of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay G Namdeo
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacy practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Diwakar B Tukaramrao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abo El-Maali N, Badr G, Sayed D, Adam R, Abd El Wahab G. Enhanced susceptibility to apoptosis and growth arrest of human breast carcinoma cells treated with silica nanoparticles loaded with monohydroxy flavone compounds. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:513-525. [PMID: 30640511 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of drug-resistant cancer is a clinical challenge, hence screening for novel anticancer drugs is critically important. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor potential of three plant-derived flavone compounds: 3-hydroxy flavone (3-HF), 6-hydroxy flavone (6-HF), and 7-hydroxy flavone (7-HF), either alone or combined with silica nanoparticles (3-HF + NP, 6-HF + NP, and 7-HF + NP), on the human breast carcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, as well as on non-tumorigenic normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10). The IC50 values of these flavone compounds loaded with NP (flavones + NP) in these cell lines were determined to be 1.5 μg/mL without affecting the viability of normal MCF-10 cells. Additionally, using annexin V - propidium iodide double-staining followed by flow cytometry analysis, we found that the combination of flavones with NP significantly induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Furthermore, flavones + NP increased the expression of cytochrome c and caspase-9, mediating the growth arrest of these cancer cells. Most importantly, the combination of flavones with NP significantly abolished the expression of ATF-3, which is responsible for the proliferation and invasion of bone-metastatic breast cancer cells. Our data revealed the potential therapeutic effects of these flavones in fighting breast cancer cells, and provide the first insights concerning the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa Abo El-Maali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.,Multidisciplinary Research Centre of Excellence, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Douaa Sayed
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Randa Adam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Gamal Abd El Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rendic SP, Guengerich FP. Development and Uses of Offline and Web-Searchable Metabolism Databases - The Case of Benzo[a]pyrene. Curr Drug Metab 2018; 19:3-46. [PMID: 29219051 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666171207123939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present work describes development of offline and web-searchable metabolism databases for drugs, other chemicals, and physiological compounds using human and model species, prompted by the large amount of data published after year 1990. The intent was to provide a rapid and accurate approach to published data to be applied both in science and to assist therapy. METHODS Searches for the data were done using the Pub Med database, accessing the Medline database of references and abstracts. In addition, data presented at scientific conferences (e.g., ISSX conferences) are included covering the publishing period beginning with the year 1976. RESULTS Application of the data is illustrated by the properties of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and its metabolites. Analysis show higher activity of P450 1A1 for activation of the (-)- isomer of trans-B[a]P-7,8-diol, while P4501B1 exerts higher activity for the (+)- isomer. P450 1A2 showed equally low activity in the metabolic activation of both isomers. CONCLUSION The information collected in the databases is applicable in prediction of metabolic drug-drug and/or drug-chemical interactions in clinical and environmental studies. The data on the metabolism of searched compound (exemplified by benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites) also indicate toxicological properties of the products of specific reactions. The offline and web-searchable databases had wide range of applications (e.g. computer assisted drug design and development, optimization of clinical therapy, toxicological applications) and adjustment in everyday life styles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederick P Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Polyphenols in Colorectal Cancer: Current State of Knowledge including Clinical Trials and Molecular Mechanism of Action. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4154185. [PMID: 29568751 PMCID: PMC5820674 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4154185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols have been reported to have wide spectrum of biological activities including major impact on initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer by modulating different signalling pathways. Colorectal cancer is the second most major cause of mortality and morbidity among females and the third among males. The objective of this review is to describe the activity of a variety of polyphenols in colorectal cancer in clinical trials, preclinical studies, and primary research. The molecular mechanisms of major polyphenols related to their beneficial effects on colorectal cancer are also addressed. Synthetic modifications and other future directions towards exploiting of natural polyphenols against colorectal cancer are discussed in the last section.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zanini S, Marzotto M, Giovinazzo F, Bassi C, Bellavite P. Effects of dietary components on cancer of the digestive system. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1870-85. [PMID: 24841279 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.732126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in developed countries and poor diet and physical inactivity are major risk factors in cancer-related deaths. Therefore, interventions to reduce levels of smoking, improve diet, and increase physical activity must become much higher priorities in the general population's health and health care systems. The consumption of fruit and vegetables exerts a preventive effect towards cancer and in recent years natural dietary agents have attracted great attention in the scientific community and among the general public. Foods, such as tomatoes, olive oil, broccoli, garlic, onions, berries, soy bean, honey, tea, aloe vera, grapes, rosemary, basil, chili peppers, carrots, pomegranate, and curcuma contain active components that can influence the initiation and the progression of carcinogenesis, acting on pathways implied in cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. The present review illustrates the main foods and their active components, including their antioxidant, cytotoxic, and pro-apoptotic properties, with a particular focus on the evidence related to cancers of the digestive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zanini
- a Laboratory of Translational Surgery, Universitary Laboratories of Medical Research (LURM), G. B. Rossi Hospital , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Froyen EB, Steinberg FM. Genistein decreases basal hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1 protein expression and activity in Swiss Webster mice. Nutr Res 2016; 36:430-9. [PMID: 27101761 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Soy consumption has been associated with risk reduction for chronic diseases such as cancer. One proposed mechanism for cancer prevention by soy is through decreasing cytochrome P450 1A1 (Cyp1a1) activity. However, it is not known with certainty which soy components modulate Cyp1a1, or the characteristics or mechanisms involved in the responses after short-term (<20 days) dietary treatment without concomitant carcinogen-mediated induction. Therefore, the objective was to test the hypothesis that physiologic concentrations of dietary genistein and/or daidzein will decrease basal hepatic Cyp1a1 protein expression and activity in male and female Swiss Webster mice via inhibiting the bindings of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) and estrogen receptor-α to the Cyp1a1 promoter region xenobiotic response element. The mice were fed the AIN-93G diet supplemented with 1500 mg/kg of genistein or daidzein for up to 1 week. Genistein, but not daidzein, significantly decreased basal hepatic microsomal Cyp1a1 protein expression and activity. AhR protein expression was not altered. Molecular mechanisms were investigated in Hepa-1c1c7 cells treated with 5 μmol/L purified aglycones genistein, daidzein, or equol. Cells treated with genistein exhibited inhibitions in ARNT and estrogen receptor-α bindings to the Cyp1a1 promoter region. This study demonstrated that genistein consumption reduced constitutive hepatic Cyp1a1 protein expression and activity, thereby contributing to the understanding of how soy isoflavone aglycones modulate cytochrome P450 biotransformation enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik B Froyen
- Department of Nutrition and Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition and Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cho SK, Abd El-Aty A, Park KH, Park JH, Assayed M, Jeong YM, Park YS, Shim JH. Simple multiresidue extraction method for the determination of fungicides and plant growth regulator in bean sprouts using low temperature partitioning and tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Chuarienthong P, Lourith N, Leelapornpisid P. Clinical efficacy comparison of anti-wrinkle cosmetics containing herbal flavonoids. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010; 32:99-106. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Froyen EB, Reeves JLR, Mitchell AE, Steinberg FM. Regulation of Phase II Enzymes by Genistein and Daidzein in Male and Female Swiss Webster Mice. J Med Food 2009; 12:1227-37. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erik B. Froyen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jaime L. Rudolf Reeves
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alyson E. Mitchell
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bolling BW, Blumberg JB, Chen CYO. Extraction methods determine the antioxidant capacity and induction of quinone reductase by soy products in vitro. Food Chem 2009; 116:351-355. [PMID: 20161330 PMCID: PMC2678749 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) mimic and organic solvent extracts of whole soybean powder (WSP), soy protein concentrate (SPC), and soy protein isolate (SPI) as well as soy isoflavone concentrate (SIC) were analyzed for total phenols; quinone reductase (QR) induction in hepa1c1c7 cells; antioxidant scavenging of DPPH, HOCl, ONOO(-), and O(2) (-.); and total antioxidant capacity via FRAP and ORAC assays. GI extracts of all the soy products had higher concentrations of total phenols than from acidified methanol (MeOH) but lower antioxidant potency. The MeOH extract of SPC was most potent in quenching HOCl and ONOO(-) and increasing FRAP and ORAC, but did not induce QR. Despite weak antioxidant activity, hexane (HX) extracts induced QR more than GI and MeOH extracts with WSP > SPC > SPI > IC. Soy extracts were ineffective scavengers of DPPH and O(2) (-.). Thus, extraction methods markedly affect the antioxidant profile and QR induction capacity of soy products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W. Bolling
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Jeffrey B. Blumberg
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - C-Y. Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Green CC, Kelly AM. Effects of the estrogen mimic genistein as a dietary component on sex differentiation and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2009; 35:377-84. [PMID: 18777198 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-008-9260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A number of aquaculture species, including channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, are fed high proportions of soybean meal in their diet. We have investigated the potential for the most common phytoestrogen in soybean meal to alter phenotypic sex during sexual differentiation in channel catfish. Channel catfish were fed four dietary concentrations of the phytoestrogen genistein (0, 2, 4, and 8 mg g(-1)) to determine its effect on gonadal sex differentiation. The four treatment diets were fed to sexually undifferentiated channel catfish between 5 and 140 days post hatch (dph) and between 60 and 150 dph. Phenotypic sex was determined by histological examination of the gonads. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity was not significantly different among the treatment and control groups. Phenotypic sex was significantly dependant on dietary phytoestrogen concentration (P = 0.01). Additionally, logistic regression showed a significant relation between genistein concentration in the diet and gonadal sex (P = 0.02). Intersex individuals were present at all treatment concentrations, with increasing proportions of intersex fish as the genistein concentration increased for individuals fed treated diets between 5 and 140 dph. Increased proportions of phenotypically male individuals resulted from chronic dietary exposure to the estrogen mimic genistein. There were no significant differences in the proportions of males and females between feed treatment durations. These findings establish that dietary concentrations of genistein can alter sex ratios in cultured channel catfish populations and demonstrates the need to further understand the actions of this and other prominent phytoestrogens in aquaculture species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Green
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries and Illinois Aquaculture Center, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Mailcode 6511, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bolling BW, Parkin KL. Limited contribution of isoflavones to hepatocellular phase II enzyme-inducing activity of soybean (Glycine max) extracts. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
Mau M, Kalbe C, Wollenhaupt K, Nürnberg G, Rehfeldt C. IGF-I- and EGF-dependent DNA synthesis of porcine myoblasts is influenced by the dietary isoflavones genistein and daidzein. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2008; 35:281-9. [PMID: 18635334 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soy-derived isoflavones have been reported to be specific inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases like the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This study was conducted to investigate, whether IGF-I and EGF stimulate porcine myoblast growth and whether the responses are influenced by isoflavones. Satellite cell-born myoblasts derived from the semimembranosus muscle of newborn piglets were treated for 26 h with IGF-I or EGF alone and in combination with genistein or daidzein. The DNA amount was measured and DNA synthesis was recorded as 6 h-[(3)H]thymidine incorporation during exponential growth in serum-free basal medium. IGF-I and EGF synergistically stimulated DNA synthesis of porcine myoblast with EGF causing a greater response. Genistein (100 micromol/l) effectively reduced the growth factor-mediated DNA synthesis, which was associated with an inhibition of growth factor receptor protein expression. In response to daidzein no reduction in growth factor-mediated DNA synthesis was found. Daidzein (1; 10 micromol/l) combined with IGF-I caused even a slight increase in DNA amount compared with the untreated control. The expression of the IGF-1R precursor protein was reduced with 10 and 100 micromol/l daidzein, whereas the EGFR expression remained unchanged with daidzein. The results suggest that dietary isoflavones may interact with growth factor-induced stimulation of pig skeletal muscle growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Mau
- Research Unit Muscle Biology and Growth, Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang ZR, Hung CF, Lin YK, Fang JY. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of topical delivery and potential dermal use of soy isoflavones genistein and daidzein. Int J Pharm 2008; 364:36-44. [PMID: 18761396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genistein, daidzein, and glycitein are soy isoflavones. These compounds can be used to protect the skin from oxidative stress induced by UVB radiation. To this end, the feasibility of skin absorption of soy isoflavones was evaluated in the present study. As assayed by flow cytometry, UVB-induced H(2)O(2) production in keratinocytes was inhibited by genistein and daidzein, confirming that these two compounds can act as free radical scavengers when keratinocytes are photodamaged. Glycitein showed no protective activity against photodamage. The effects of vehicles on the in vitro topical delivery from saturated solutions such as aqueous buffers and soybean oil were investigated. The isoflavones in a non-ionized form (pH 6) showed higher skin deposition compared to the ionized form (pH 10.8). Soybean oil reduced the isoflavone amount retained in the skin, especially for genistein. Genistein generally exhibited greater skin absorption than did daidzein. However, daidzein permeation was enhanced when an aglycone mixture was used as the active ingredient. An eutectic effect was proposed as the enhancing mechanism. In vivo skin deposition showed a linear correlation with the in vitro results. The safety profiles suggested no or only negligible stratum corneum disruption and skin erythema by topical application of soy isoflavones. It was concluded that topical delivery may serve as a potent route for soy isoflavones against photoaging and photodamage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zih-Rou Huang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ramos S. Cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy: dietary polyphenols and signalling pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52:507-26. [PMID: 18435439 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of cancer through dietary intervention recently has received an increasing interest, and dietary polyphenols have become not only important potential chemopreventive, but also therapeutic, natural agents. Polyphenols have been reported to interfere at the initiation, promotion and progression of cancer. They might lead to the modulation of proteins in diverse pathways and require the integration of different signals for the final chemopreventive or therapeutic effect. Polyphenols have been demonstrated to act on multiple key elements in signal transduction pathways related to cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis; however, these molecular mechanisms of action are not completely characterized and many features remain to be elucidated. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the molecular basis of potential chemopreventive and therapeutic activities of dietary polyphenols with emphasis in their ability to control intracellular signalling cascades considered as relevant targets in a cancer preventive approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ramos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lei YP, Chen HW, Sheen LY, Lii CK. Diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide suppress oxidized LDL-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule and E-selectin expression through protein kinase A- and B-dependent signaling pathways. J Nutr 2008; 138:996-1003. [PMID: 18492825 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.6.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uptake of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) by vascular endothelial cells is a critical step in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Adhesion molecules are upregulated by ox-LDL and numerous inflammatory cytokines and play a pivotal role in atherogenesis. In this study, we examined whether diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), and diallyl trisulfide (DATS), 3 major organosulfur compounds of garlic oil, reduce adhesion molecule expression induced by ox-LDL and, if so, through what mechanism. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were preincubated with 1 mmol/L DAS, 200 mumol/L DADS, or 100 mumol/L DATS for 16 h and then with 40 mg/L ox-LDL for an additional 24 h. ox-LDL induction of cellular and cell surface expression of E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 was suppressed by garlic allyl sulfides in the order DATS > DADS > DAS. The adhesion of HL-60 cells to endothelial cells was inhibited 27 and 33% and the production of cellular peroxides was inhibited 43 and 50% by DADS and DATS, respectively (P < 0.05). ox-LDL alone dephosphorylated protein kinase B (PKB) and cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB); such deactivation was reversed by DADS and DATS. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the activation of CREB binding to DNA was consistent with changes in CREB phosphorylation. The protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 reversed the suppression of VCAM-1 by DADS and DATS, but the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin had no effect. In contrast, wortmannin abolished DADS- and DATS-induced suppression of ox-LDL-induced E-selectin expression. These results suggest that the suppression of ox-LDL-induced E-selectin and VCAM-1 expression by DADS and DATS and, thus, monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is likely dependent on the PI3K/PKB or PKA/CREB signaling pathway in an adhesion molecule-specific manner. To our knowledge, this is the first report that garlic modulates ox-LDL-mediated leukocyte adhesion to human endothelial cells through the PKB and PKA pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ping Lei
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dinelli G, Aloisio I, Bonetti A, Marotti I, Cifuentes A. Compositional changes induced by UV-B radiation treatment of common bean and soybean seedlings monitored by capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:604-11. [PMID: 17444230 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new CE method with diode array detection (DAD) was developed for the monitoring and quantitation of flavonoids in different beans treated and untreated with UV-B radiation. Flavonoid concentration was monitored in UV-B-treated and untreated sprouts of three common beans (Zolfino ecotype, cv. Verdone, cv. Lingua di Fuoco) and one soybean (cv. Pacific). After acid hydrolysis of extracts, the CE-DAD method provides reproducible quantitative determinations of daidzein, glycitein, genistein, and kaempferol at ppm level in these natural matrices within a relatively short time (less than 16 min). Total flavonoid content determined by CE-DAD was 159 +/- 8, 26 +/- 2, 13 +/- 1, and 1.3 +/- 0.3 microg/g fresh weight for untreated sprouts of Pacific soybean, Verdone bean, Zolfino bean, and Lingua di Fuoco bean, respectively. UV-B treatment caused no significant quantitative effect on Pacific soybean sprouts, whereas it enhanced the total isoflavone content by 1.5, 1.8, and 3.2-fold in Verdone, Zolfino, and Lingua di Fuoco beans, respectively. The proposed method shows (i) the potentialities of bean sprouts as a natural source of bioactive compounds (antioxidants); (ii) the technological role of UV-B treatment for sprout isoflavone enrichment; and (iii) the good capabilities of CE-DAD to monitor this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Dinelli
- Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effects of dietary flavonoids on apoptotic pathways related to cancer chemoprevention. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18:427-42. [PMID: 17321735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have described the beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols (flavonoids) on the reduction of the risk of chronic diseases, including cancer. Moreover, it has been shown that flavonoids, such as quercetin in apples, epigallocatechin-3-gallate in green tea and genistein in soya, induce apoptosis. This programmed cell death plays a critical role in physiological functions, but there is underlying dysregulation of apoptosis in numerous pathological situations such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. At the molecular level, flavonoids have been reported to modulate a number of key elements in cellular signal transduction pathways linked to the apoptotic process (caspases and bcl-2 genes), but that regulation and induction of apoptosis are unclear. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the molecular basis of the potential chemopreventive activities of representative flavonoids, with emphasis on their ability to control intracellular signaling cascades responsible for regulating apoptosis, a relevant target in cancer-preventive approach.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chang HJ, Kim HJ, Chun HS. Quantitative structure−activity relationship (QSAR) for neuroprotective activity of terpenoids. Life Sci 2007; 80:835-41. [PMID: 17166521 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Revised: 10/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotective activity of thirteen terpenoids on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y was evaluated in vitro by using a simulated ischemia model. The protective effects on ischemic damage ranged from 3.0% to 56.5%, and trans-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo[7,2,0]undec-4-ene (trans-caryophyllene) showed the highest neuroprotective activity. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed for eleven terpenoids with significant neuroprotective activity using TSAR software. The QSAR study produced two equations with significant predictive values (r(2) and p value) and indicated that the activity was mainly governed by lipophilicity, shape index, and electrostatic property. This QSAR approach can contribute to a better understanding of structural properties of the terpenoids responsible for neuroprotection, and can be useful in predicting the neuroprotective activity of other terpenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Chang
- Korea Food Research Institute, San 46-1, Backhyun, Bundang-gu, Sungnam, Kyonggi-do 463-746, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|