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Chodur GM, Steinberg FM. Human microRNAs modulated by diet: A scoping review. Adv Nutr 2024:100241. [PMID: 38734078 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of their role in regulating and fine-tuning gene expression in the post-transcriptional period, microRNA (miRNA) may represent a mediating factor that connects diet and metabolic regulation. Given the vast number of miRNA and that modulations in miRNA happen in response to a variety of stimuli, a comprehensive registry of miRNA impacted by diet and the food items that modulate them, would have utility in the identification of miRNA complements for analysis of diet interventions and in helping to establish linkages between the specific impacts of diet components. A scoping literature search of online databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science) was performed. Only studies in human populations, that utilized a diet intervention or meal challenge, that measured microRNA profiles in the same subject at multiple time points were included. Of the 6167 studies screened, only 25 met the study criteria and were included in the review. Seven studies examined miRNA following a meal challenge, while 18 investigated miRNA following a sustained diet intervention. The results demonstrate miRNA are modulated following a variety of diet interventions and that intensity of miRNA response is greater in metabolically healthy subjects. Heterogeneity in the intensity and length of the diet intervention, the study populations being observed, and the methodology through which target miRNA are identified contribute to a lack of comparability across studies. The findings of this review highlight the need for more study of miRNA responsiveness to intake and provide recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen M Chodur
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis
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2
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Steinberg FM. Advancing the Use of Evidence-Based Practice in Nutrition and Dietetics. J Nutr 2024; 154:1065-1066. [PMID: 38403252 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition, Didactic Program in Dietetics, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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Radtke MD, Steinberg FM, Scherr RE. Methods for Assessing Health Outcomes Associated with Food Insecurity in the United States College Student Population: A Narrative Review. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100131. [PMID: 37865221 PMCID: PMC10831897 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, college students experience disproportionate food insecurity (FI) rates compared to the national prevalence. The experience of acute and chronic FI has been associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes in this population. This narrative review aims to summarize the current methodologies for assessing health outcomes associated with the experience of FI in college students in the United States. To date, assessing the health outcomes of FI has predominately consisted of subjective assessments, such as self-reported measures of dietary intake, perceived health status, stress, depression, anxiety, and sleep behaviors. This review, along with the emergence of FI as an international public health concern, establishes the need for novel, innovative, and objective biomarkers to evaluate the short- and long-term impacts of FI on physical and mental health outcomes in college students. The inclusion of objective biomarkers will further elucidate the relationship between FI and a multitude of health outcomes to better inform strategies for reducing the pervasiveness of FI in the United States college student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela D Radtke
- Propel Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA 94305
| | | | - Rachel E Scherr
- Family, Interiors, Nutrition & Apparel Department, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA, USA, 94132; Scherr Nutrition Science Consulting, San Francisco, CA, 94115.
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Zuelch ML, Radtke MD, Holt RR, Basu A, Burton-Freeman B, Ferruzzi MG, Li Z, Shay NF, Shukitt-Hale B, Keen CL, Steinberg FM, Hackman RM. Perspective: Challenges and Future Directions in Clinical Research with Nuts and Berries. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1005-1028. [PMID: 37536565 PMCID: PMC10509432 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of nuts and berries are considered part of a healthy eating pattern. Nuts and berries contain a complex nutrient profile consisting of essential vitamins and minerals, fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phenolics in quantities that improve physiological outcomes. The spectrum of health outcomes that may be impacted by the consumptions of nuts and berries includes cardiovascular, gut microbiome, and cognitive, among others. Recently, new insights regarding the bioactive compounds found in both nuts and berries have reinforced their role for use in precision nutrition efforts. However, challenges exist that can affect the generalizability of outcomes from clinical studies, including inconsistency in study designs, homogeneity of test populations, variability in test products and control foods, and assessing realistic portion sizes. Future research centered on precision nutrition and multi-omics technologies will yield new insights. These and other topics such as funding streams and perceived risk-of-bias were explored at an international nutrition conference focused on the role of nuts and berries in clinical nutrition. Successes, challenges, and future directions with these foods are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Zuelch
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Marcela D Radtke
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Roberta R Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Britt Burton-Freeman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Zhaoping Li
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neil F Shay
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carl L Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Robert M Hackman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
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Radtke MD, Chodur GM, Bissell MCS, Kemp LC, Medici V, Steinberg FM, Scherr RE. Validation of Diet ID™ in Predicting Nutrient Intake Compared to Dietary Recalls, Skin Carotenoid Scores, and Plasma Carotenoids in University Students. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020409. [PMID: 36678280 PMCID: PMC9865232 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Collecting accurate dietary information in the research setting is challenging due to the inherent biases, duration, and resource-intensive nature of traditional data collection methods. Diet ID™ is a novel, rapid assessment method that uses an image-based algorithm to identify dietary patterns and estimate nutrient intake. The purpose of this analysis was to explore the criterion validity between Diet ID™ and additional measures of dietary intake. Methods: This prospective cohort study (n = 42) collected dietary information using Diet ID™, the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR), plasma carotenoid concentrations, and the Veggie Meter® to estimate carotenoid levels in the skin. Results: There were significant correlations between Diet ID™ and NDSR for diet quality, calories, carbohydrates, protein, fiber, and cholesterol. Vitamin A and carotenoid intake were significantly correlated, with the exception of α-carotene and lycopene. Significant correlations were observed for calcium, folate, iron, sodium, potassium, Vitamins B2, B3, B6, C, and E. Skin carotenoid scores and plasma carotenoids were correlated with carotenoid intake from Diet ID™. Conclusions: Diet ID™ may be a useful tool in nutrition research as a less time-intensive and minimally burdensome dietary data collection method for both participants and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela D. Radtke
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gwen M. Chodur
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Aggie Compass, Office of Student Affairs, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael C. S. Bissell
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Leslie C. Kemp
- Aggie Compass, Office of Student Affairs, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Rachel E. Scherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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Zhu C, Sawrey-Kubicek L, Bardagjy AS, Houts H, Tang X, Sacchi R, Randolph JM, Steinberg FM, Zivkovic AM. Whole egg consumption increases plasma choline and betaine without affecting TMAO levels or gut microbiome in overweight postmenopausal women. Nutr Res 2020; 78:36-41. [PMID: 32464420 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a crucial part of the symbiotic system, the gut microbiome is metabolically connected to many diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Trimethylamine (TMA) is produced by gut bacteria from dietary choline, betaine, or L-carnitine, and is then converted in the liver to Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which in turn affects hepatic and intestinal lipid metabolism. Circulating TMAO is positively associated with CVD risk. Because eggs are rich in choline, it has been speculated that their consumption may increase plasma TMAO. In this study, we hypothesized that 2 eggs per day increases plasma TMAO level by altering gut microbiome composition in mildly hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. In this randomized, cross-over study, 20 overweight, postmenopausal women were given 2 whole eggs and the equivalent amount of yolk-free substitute as breakfast for 4 weeks, in randomized order, with a 4-week washout in between. Fasting blood draws and stool were collected at the beginning and end of each treatment period. Plasma TMAO, choline, betaine and other metabolites were analyzed using LC/MS, while gut microbiome composition was analyzed using 16S amplicon sequencing. Plasma choline and betaine were significantly increased after whole egg but not yolk-free substitute, however TMAO level was not significantly affected by treatments. Gut microbiome composition showed large inter-individual variability at baseline and in response to the treatments. The consumption of 2 eggs per day in overweight, postmenopausal mildly hypercholesterolemic women significantly increased plasma choline and betaine, but did not increase plasma TMAO or alter gut microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
| | - Lisa Sawrey-Kubicek
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
| | - Allison S Bardagjy
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
| | - Hannah Houts
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
| | - Romina Sacchi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
| | - Jody M Randolph
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
| | | | - Angela M Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
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8
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Foolad N, Vaughn AR, Rybak I, Burney WA, Chodur GM, Newman JW, Steinberg FM, Sivamani RK. Prospective randomized controlled pilot study on the effects of almond consumption on skin lipids and wrinkles. Phytother Res 2019; 33:3212-3217. [PMID: 31576607 PMCID: PMC6916293 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Almonds are a rich source of fatty acids and antioxidants, and their supplementation is known to significantly modulate serum lipids. The effects of almond on the skin's lipid barrier and the appearance of wrinkles have not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of almond consumption on facial sebum production and wrinkles. METHODS This was a prospective, investigator-blinded, randomized controlled trial in which subjects consumed 20% of their daily energy consumption in either almonds or a calorie-matched snack for 16 weeks. This study was completed at the UC Davis Dermatology clinic. Participants were a volunteer sample of generally healthy postmenopausal females with Fitzpatrick skin types 1 and 2. A facial photograph and image analysis system was used to obtain standardized photographs and information on wrinkle width and severity at 0, 8, and 16 weeks. Measurements of transepidermal water loss and sebum production were also completed at 0, 8, and 16 weeks. RESULTS Fifty healthy postmenopausal females were recruited, 31 participants were enrolled, and 28 completed the study. Under photographic analysis, the almond group had significantly decreased wrinkle severity and width compared with the control group at 16 weeks (p < .02). Changes in skin barrier function were nonsignificant, measured by the transepidermal water loss (p = .65) between the almond and control groups relative to baseline after 16 weeks. No adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that daily almond consumption may reduce wrinkle severity in postmenopausal females to potentially have natural antiaging benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Foolad
- School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Alexandra R Vaughn
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California.,College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Iryna Rybak
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Waqas A Burney
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Gwen M Chodur
- Department of Nutrition and Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - John W Newman
- Department of Nutrition and Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, California.,United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition and Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, California.,Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, California
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Sawrey-Kubicek L, Zhu C, Bardagjy AS, Rhodes CH, Sacchi R, Randolph JM, Steinberg FM, Zivkovic AM. Whole egg consumption compared with yolk-free egg increases the cholesterol efflux capacity of high-density lipoproteins in overweight, postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:617-627. [PMID: 31172172 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal women are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than their younger counterparts. HDL cholesterol is a biomarker for CVD risk, but the function of HDL may be more important than HDL cholesterol in deciphering disease risk. Although diet continues to be a cornerstone of treatment and prevention of CVD, little is known about how diet affects the functionality of HDL. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of whole eggs compared with yolk-free eggs on HDL function and composition in overweight, postmenopausal women and determine how changes in HDL composition are related to HDL functional parameters. METHODS The study was a 14-wk, single-blind, randomized crossover dietary trial with two 4-wk intervention periods in 20 overweight, postmenopausal women. The crossover treatments were frozen breakfast meals containing 100 g of liquid (∼2) whole eggs compared with 100 g of (∼2) yolk-free eggs per day, separated by a 4-wk washout. Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of each treatment period to determine the effects on HDL composition and function. RESULTS Cholesterol efflux capacity increased in the whole-egg treatment (mean ± SD percentage change: +5.69% ± 9.9%) compared with the yolk-free egg treatment (-3.69% ± 5.3%) (P < 0.01), but there were no other significant changes in HDL functions or antioxidant or inflammatory markers. ApoA-I, total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol also did not change in response to the egg treatment. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of 2 whole eggs/d by overweight, postmenopausal women showed a significant increase in cholesterol efflux capacity. This increase in cholesterol efflux capacity was seen without significant changes in apoA-I, TC, LDL cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol, supporting the idea that HDL function rather than HDL cholesterol should be addressed in this population. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02445638.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Romina Sacchi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jody M Randolph
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Zhu C, Sawrey‐Kubicek L, Bardagjy AS, Houts H, Zhang R, Xu W, Rhodes CH, Sacchi R, Randolph JM, Steinberg FM, Zivkovic AM. Whole egg consumption increases plasma choline and betaine without affecting TMAO levels and gut microbiome in overweight postmenopausal woman. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.484.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Weiqing Xu
- NutritionUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA
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11
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Scherr RE, Linnell JD, Dharmar M, Beccarelli LM, Bergman JJ, Briggs M, Brian KM, Feenstra G, Hillhouse JC, Keen CL, Schaefer SE, Smith MH, Spezzano T, Steinberg FM, Young HM, Zidenberg-Cherr S. Response to "Dramatic Decreases in BMI Percentiles, but Valid Conclusions Can Only Come From Valid Analyses". J Nutr Educ Behav 2018; 50:851. [PMID: 30077580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Scherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, Davis, CA
| | - Jessica D Linnell
- Oregon State University, Extension Family and Community Health Program, Tillamook, OR
| | - Madan Dharmar
- Davis Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Sacramento, CA
| | | | - Jacqueline J Bergman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, Davis, CA
| | - Marilyn Briggs
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, Davis, CA
| | - Kelley M Brian
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Davis, CA; Cooperative Extension, Placer and Nevada Counties, Auburn, CA
| | - Gail Feenstra
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Davis, CA; UC Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, Agricultural Sustainability Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - J Carol Hillhouse
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Davis, CA; UC Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, Agricultural Sustainability Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Carl L Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Davis, CA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Sara E Schaefer
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Martin H Smith
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Davis, CA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Theresa Spezzano
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Merced and Stanislaus Counties, University of California, Modesto, CA
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Heather M Young
- Davis Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sheri Zidenberg-Cherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Davis, CA
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Bardagjy AS, Hu Q, Giebler KA, Ford A, Steinberg FM. Effects of grape consumption on biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, and PBMC gene expression in obese subjects. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 646:145-152. [PMID: 29649425 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated effects of grape consumption on biomarkers of cardiovascular health in obese participants in both postprandial and chronic settings. Twenty obese adults participated in this randomized, placebo controlled, double-blinded crossover trial. Participants were randomized to consume 60 g freeze-dried polyphenol-rich whole grape powder (GP) or placebo (PBO) followed by high fat high carbohydrate (HFHC) meal challenge. Following acute challenge, participants consumed their respective treatment daily for 4 weeks to determine effects of chronic consumption. Consumption of GP with HFHC meal significantly increased nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at 3 h (p < 0.05) and decreased plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentration at 5 h (p < 0.05) after meal challenge compared with PBO. Following 4 weeks of daily GP consumption, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) plasma concentration increased compared with PBO (p < 0.05), however baseline values differed between treatments. In conclusion, GP consumption resulted in decreased vasoconstrictor ET-1 concentration and increased gene expression related to oxidative stress defense following HFHC meal. Except for increase in sVCAM-1 concentration, 4 weeks of chronic GP consumption had little effect on cardiovascular biomarkers measured in this study. This trial was registered: clinicaltrials.gov NCT01674231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison S Bardagjy
- Department of Nutrition and Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Kathryn A Giebler
- Department of Nutrition and Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Addison Ford
- Department of Nutrition and Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition and Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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13
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Scherr RE, Linnell JD, Dharmar M, Beccarelli LM, Bergman JJ, Briggs M, Brian KM, Feenstra G, Hillhouse JC, Keen CL, Ontai LL, Schaefer SE, Smith MH, Spezzano T, Steinberg FM, Sutter C, Young HM, Zidenberg-Cherr S. A Multicomponent, School-Based Intervention, the Shaping Healthy Choices Program, Improves Nutrition-Related Outcomes. J Nutr Educ Behav 2017; 49:368-379.e1. [PMID: 28189500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of the Shaping Healthy Choices Program (SHCP). DESIGN A clustered, randomized, controlled intervention lasting 1 school year. SETTING Schools in northern and central California. PARTICIPANTS Fourth-graders (aged 9-10 years) at 2 control schools (n = 179) and 2 intervention schools (n = 230). INTERVENTION Garden-enhanced education, family, and community partnerships; increased regionally procured produce in the lunchroom; and school-site wellness committees. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in body mass index (BMI) percentiles/Z-scores; nutrition knowledge, science process skills, and vegetable identification and preferences; and reported fruit and vegetable intake. ANALYSIS Student t test, chi-square, ANOVA of change, and multilevel regression mixed model to evaluate change in outcomes with school as a random effect to account for cluster design effects. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS There was a greater improvement in BMI percentile (-6.08; P < 0.01), BMI Z-score (-0.28; P < .001), and waist-to-height ratio (-0.02; P < .001) in the intervention compared with the control schools. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The SHCP resulted in improvements in nutrition knowledge, vegetable identification, and a significant decrease in BMI percentiles. This supports the concept that the SHCP can be used to improve the health of upper elementary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Scherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Madan Dharmar
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Lori M Beccarelli
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Marilyn Briggs
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kelley M Brian
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Placer and Nevada Counties, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Auburn, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA
| | - Gail Feenstra
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA; Agricultural Sustainability Institute, University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - J Carol Hillhouse
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA; Agricultural Sustainability Institute, University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Carl L Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Lenna L Ontai
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Sara E Schaefer
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Martin H Smith
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Theresa Spezzano
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA; University of California Cooperative Extension, Merced and Stanislaus Counties, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Modesto, CA
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA
| | - Carolyn Sutter
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Heather M Young
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sheri Zidenberg-Cherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA.
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14
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Beccarelli LM, Scherr RE, Dharmar M, Ermakov IV, Gellermann W, Jahns L, Linnell JD, Keen CL, Steinberg FM, Young HM, Zidenberg-Cherr S. Using Skin Carotenoids to Assess Dietary Changes in Students After 1 Academic Year of Participating in the Shaping Healthy Choices Program. J Nutr Educ Behav 2017; 49:73-78.e1. [PMID: 28341018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether fourth-grade students participating in the Shaping Healthy Choices Program (SHCP), a school-based nutrition intervention, would change vegetable and carotenoid intake measured by skin carotenoids and dietary intake. METHODS Single-group pretest-posttest with a self-selected, convenience sample of students (n = 30) participating in the SHCP, which lasted 1 academic year (9 months). Dietary intake of vegetables and carotenoids as measured by Block food frequency questionnaire and skin carotenoids as measured by Raman spectroscopy were collected at the school preintervention and postintervention. RESULTS Reported carotenoid intake decreased by 1.5 mg (P = .05) and skin carotenoids decreased by 2,247.9 RRS intensity units (P = .04). Change in reported intake correlated with change in skin carotenoids (r = .43; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The reported decrease in vegetable and carotenoid intake was unanticipated; nevertheless, the RRS measurements confirmed this. RRS data can help evaluate changes in fruit and vegetable intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori M Beccarelli
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Rachel E Scherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
| | - Madan Dharmar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA; Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA
| | | | | | - Lisa Jahns
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Jessica D Linnell
- Family and Community Health, Extension Service-Tillamook and Lincoln Counties, Oregon State University, Tillamook, OR
| | - Carl L Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA
| | - Heather M Young
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sheri Zidenberg-Cherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA
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15
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Reverri EJ, Slupsky CM, Mishchuk DO, Steinberg FM. Metabolomics reveals differences between three daidzein metabolizing phenotypes in adults with cardiometabolic risk factors. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27364093 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The soy isoflavone, daidzein, is metabolized by gut microbiota to O-desmethylangolensin (ODMA) and/or equol. Producing equol is postulated as a contributing factor for the beneficial effects of soy. METHODS AND RESULTS This randomized, controlled, cross-over design used an untargeted metabolomic approach to assess the metabolic profile of different daidzein metabolizers. Adults (n = 17) with cardiometabolic risk factors received soy nuts or control food for 4 weeks, separated by a 2-week washout. No significant differences were detected pre- and postintervention and between interventions. Examination of the ability to metabolize daidzein revealed three groups: ODMA only producers (n = 4), equol + ODMA producers (n = 8), and nonproducers (n = 5). Analysis of the serum metabolome revealed nonproducers could be distinguished from ODMA-only and equol + ODMA producers. Differences between these phenotypes were related to obesity and metabolic risk (methionine, asparagine, and trimethylamine) with equol + ODMA producers having lower concentrations, yet paradoxically higher pro-inflammatory cytokines. In urine, nonproducers clustered with ODMA producers and were distinct from equol + ODMA producers. Urinary metabolite profiles revealed significantly higher excretion of fumarate and 2-oxoglutarate, as well as pyroglutamate, alanine, and the gut microbial metabolite dimethylamine in equol + ODMA producers. CONCLUSION These results emphasize that the serum and urine metabolomes are distinct based on the ability to metabolize isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Darya O Mishchuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Nguyen LM, Scherr RE, Dharmar M, Ermakov IV, Gellermann W, Jahns L, Linnell JD, Keen CL, Miyamoto S, Steinberg FM, Young HM, Zidenberg‐Cherr S. Using Skin Carotenoids to Assess Potential Dietary Changes After One Academic Year in the Shaping Healthy Choices Program. FASEB J 2016. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.896.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lori M Nguyen
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA
- Center for Nutrition in SchoolsUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA
| | - Rachel E Scherr
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA
- Center for Nutrition in SchoolsUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA
| | - Madan Dharmar
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California Davis Health SystemSacramentoCA
- Betty Irene Moore School of NursingUniversity of California Davis Health SystemSacramentoCA
| | | | | | - Lisa Jahns
- USDA‐ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research CenterGrand ForksND
| | - Jessica D Linnell
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA
- Center for Nutrition in SchoolsUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA
| | - Carl L Keen
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA
- University of California Agriculture and Natural ResourcesDavisCA
| | | | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA
- University of California Agriculture and Natural ResourcesDavisCA
| | - Heather M Young
- Betty Irene Moore School of NursingUniversity of California Davis Health SystemSacramentoCA
| | - Sheri Zidenberg‐Cherr
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA
- Center for Nutrition in SchoolsUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA
- University of California Agriculture and Natural ResourcesDavisCA
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17
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Froyen EB, Steinberg FM. Genistein decreases basal hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1 protein expression and activity in Swiss Webster mice. Nutr Res 2016; 36:430-9. [PMID: 27101761 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Soy consumption has been associated with risk reduction for chronic diseases such as cancer. One proposed mechanism for cancer prevention by soy is through decreasing cytochrome P450 1A1 (Cyp1a1) activity. However, it is not known with certainty which soy components modulate Cyp1a1, or the characteristics or mechanisms involved in the responses after short-term (<20 days) dietary treatment without concomitant carcinogen-mediated induction. Therefore, the objective was to test the hypothesis that physiologic concentrations of dietary genistein and/or daidzein will decrease basal hepatic Cyp1a1 protein expression and activity in male and female Swiss Webster mice via inhibiting the bindings of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) and estrogen receptor-α to the Cyp1a1 promoter region xenobiotic response element. The mice were fed the AIN-93G diet supplemented with 1500 mg/kg of genistein or daidzein for up to 1 week. Genistein, but not daidzein, significantly decreased basal hepatic microsomal Cyp1a1 protein expression and activity. AhR protein expression was not altered. Molecular mechanisms were investigated in Hepa-1c1c7 cells treated with 5 μmol/L purified aglycones genistein, daidzein, or equol. Cells treated with genistein exhibited inhibitions in ARNT and estrogen receptor-α bindings to the Cyp1a1 promoter region. This study demonstrated that genistein consumption reduced constitutive hepatic Cyp1a1 protein expression and activity, thereby contributing to the understanding of how soy isoflavone aglycones modulate cytochrome P450 biotransformation enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik B Froyen
- Department of Nutrition and Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition and Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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18
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Nguyen LM, Scherr RE, Linnell JD, Ermakov IV, Gellermann W, Jahns L, Keen CL, Miyamoto S, Steinberg FM, Young HM, Zidenberg-Cherr S. Evaluating the relationship between plasma and skin carotenoids and reported dietary intake in elementary school children to assess fruit and vegetable intake. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 572:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Reverri EJ, LaSalle CD, Franke AA, Steinberg FM. Soy provides modest benefits on endothelial function without affecting inflammatory biomarkers in adults at cardiometabolic risk. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:323-33. [PMID: 25351805 PMCID: PMC4451218 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Epidemiological evidence supports an association between whole soy food consumption and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this randomized, controlled, cross-over study was to evaluate the effects of soy nut consumption on inflammatory biomarkers and endothelial function and to assess whether isoflavone metabolism to secondary products, equol, and/or O-desmethylangolensin (ODMA), modifies these responses. METHODS AND RESULTS n = 17 adults at cardiometabolic risk were randomly assigned to the order of two snack interventions, soy nuts, and macronutrient-matched control snack, for four weeks each, separated by a two week washout period. Outcome measures included biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and glycemic control (ELISA and clinical analyzers), endothelial function, and arterial stiffness (peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT)), and isoflavone metabolites (LC-MS/MS). Results revealed that consuming soy nuts improved arterial stiffness as assessed by the augmentation index using PAT (p = 0.03), despite lack of improvement in inflammatory biomarkers. Addition of equol and/or ODMA production status as covariates did not significantly change these results. CONCLUSION Soy nuts when added to a usual diet for one month provide some benefit on arterial stiffness in adults at cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Reverri
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135B Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Colette D. LaSalle
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135B Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Adrian A. Franke
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Hawai’i, Mānoa, 677 Ala Moana Boulevard, Suite 901, Honolulu, HI 96813
| | - Francene M. Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135B Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616
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20
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Reverri EJ, Morrissey BM, Cross CE, Steinberg FM. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with cystic fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:261-77. [PMID: 25172163 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) represents one of a number of localized lung and non-lung diseases with an intense chronic inflammatory component associated with evidence of systemic oxidative stress. Many of these chronic inflammatory diseases are accompanied by an array of atherosclerotic processes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), another condition strongly related to inflammation and oxidative stress. As a consequence of a dramatic increase in long-lived patients with CF in recent decades, the specter of CVD must be considered in these patients who are now reaching middle age and beyond. Buttressed by recent data documenting that CF patients exhibit evidence of endothelial dysfunction, a recognized precursor of atherosclerosis and CVD, the spectrum of risk factors for CVD in CF is reviewed here. Epidemiological data further characterizing the presence and extent of atherogenic processes in CF patients would seem important to obtain. Such studies should further inform and offer mechanistic insights into how other chronic inflammatory diseases potentiate the processes leading to CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Reverri
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian M Morrissey
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Carroll E Cross
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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21
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Scherr RE, Linnell JD, Smith MH, Briggs M, Bergman J, Brian KM, Dharmar M, Feenstra G, Hillhouse C, Keen CL, Nguyen LM, Nicholson Y, Ontai L, Schaefer SE, Spezzano T, Steinberg FM, Sutter C, Wright JE, Young HM, Zidenberg-Cherr S. The Shaping Healthy Choices Program: design and implementation methodologies for a multicomponent, school-based nutrition education intervention. J Nutr Educ Behav 2014; 46:e13-e21. [PMID: 25457732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a framework for implementation of multicomponent, school-based nutrition interventions. This article describes the research methods for the Shaping Healthy Choices Program, a model to improve nutrition and health-related knowledge and behaviors among school-aged children. DESIGN Longitudinal, pretest/posttest, randomized, controlled intervention. SETTING Four elementary schools in California. PARTICIPANTS Fourth-grade students at intervention (n = 252) and control (n = 238) schools and their parents and teachers. Power analyses demonstrate that a minimum of 159 students per group will be needed to achieve sufficient power. The sample size was determined using the variables of nutrition knowledge, vegetable preference score, and body mass index percentile. INTERVENTION A multicomponent school-based nutrition education intervention over 1 academic year, followed by activities to support sustainability of the program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dietary and nutrition knowledge and behavior, critical thinking skills, healthy food preferences and consumption, and physical activity will be measured using a nutrition knowledge questionnaire, a food frequency questionnaire, a vegetable preferences assessment tool, the Test of Basic Science Process Skills, digital photography of plate waste, PolarActive accelerometers, anthropometrics, a parent questionnaire, and the School and Community Actions for Nutrition survey. ANALYSIS Evaluation will include quantitative and qualitative measures. Quantitative data will use paired t, chi-square, and Mann-Whitney U tests and regression modeling using P = .05 to determine statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Scherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jessica D Linnell
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Martin H Smith
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Davis, CA
| | - Marilyn Briggs
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jacqueline Bergman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kelley M Brian
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Madan Dharmar
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Merced and Stanislaus Counties, Modesto, CA
| | - Gail Feenstra
- UC Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, Agricultural Sustainability Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Carol Hillhouse
- School Gardening Program, Agricultural Sustainability Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Carl L Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Lori M Nguyen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Yvonne Nicholson
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Sacramento County, Sacramento, CA
| | - Lenna Ontai
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Davis, CA
| | - Sara E Schaefer
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Theresa Spezzano
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Merced and Stanislaus Counties, Modesto, CA
| | | | - Carolyn Sutter
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Janel E Wright
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Davis, CA
| | - Heather M Young
- Davis Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sheri Zidenberg-Cherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Davis, CA.
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22
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Reverri EJ, Slupsky CM, Steinberg FM. Daidzein Metabolizing Phenotypes and Nutritional Metabolomics Profiling After a Soy Intervention: A Pilot Study. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.636.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolyn M. Slupsky
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA
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23
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LaSalle CD, Reverri EJ, Kappagoda CT, Steinberg FM. Effect of Soy Nut dietary intervention on cardiovascular disease biomarkers in adults with cardiometabolic syndrome. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1026.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Reverri EJ, Randolph JM, Steinberg FM, Kappagoda CT, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman B. POSTPRANDIAL RESPONSE OF BEAN CONSUMPTION ON INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, GLUCOSE, AND INSULIN IN ADULTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.819.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Institute of Food Safety and HealthIllinois Institute of TechnologyBedford ParkIL
| | - Britt Burton-Freeman
- Department of NutritionUC DavisDavisCA
- Institute of Food Safety and HealthIllinois Institute of TechnologyBedford ParkIL
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25
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Reverri EJ, LaSalle CD, Kappagoda CT, Steinberg FM. EFFECT OF SOY NUTS ON INFLAMMATION, ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION, GLUCOSE, AND INSULIN IN ADULTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1026.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Froyen EB, Steinberg FM. Soy isoflavones increase quinone reductase in hepa-1c1c7 cells via estrogen receptor beta and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 binding to the antioxidant response element. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22:843-8. [PMID: 21167702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 12/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Soy protein and isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) have been demonstrated to increase quinone reductase (QR) activity, protein, and mRNA in animal and cell culture models. However, their mechanism of action has not been completely characterized. Additionally, it has not been determined if equol, a daidzein metabolite, can modulate QR activity and expression. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is thought to be involved in stimulating QR gene transcription by anti-estrogens and phytoestrogens, along with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This study tested the hypothesis that genistein, daidzein and equol increase quinone reductase activity, protein and mRNA via ERβ and Nrf2 binding to the QR antioxidant response element (ARE). QR expression and activity were determined using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction, protein immunoblots and activity assays. Molecular events were investigated using luciferase reporter gene assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Hepa-1c1c7 cells were treated with control [0.1% (v:v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)]; 1 μmol/L β-naphthoflavone (positive control); 5 μmol/L resveratrol (ChIP positive control for ERβ binding) and 1, 5 and 25 μmol/L genistein, daidzein or equol. Treatment durations were 1 h (ChIP), 24 h (mRNA and luciferase assays) and 24 and 48 h (protein and activity). Genistein, daidzein and equol increased QR activity, protein and mRNA, with daidzein and equol having more of an impact at physiologic concentrations (1 and 5 μmol/L) compared to genistein. Furthermore, the study results demonstrate that genistein, daidzein and equol interact with the QR ARE and that daidzein and equol act via both ERβ and Nrf2 binding strongly to the QR ARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik B Froyen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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27
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Matthiessen TB, Steinberg FM, Kaiser LL. Convergent validity of a digital image-based food record to assess food group intake in youth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:756-61. [PMID: 21515125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Current methods to assess the dietary behavior of youth have many limitations that reduce accuracy. Previous research has examined use of food images to assess nutrient intake. The objectives for this study are to validate the use of a novel digital image-based food record (DIFR) method to assess food group intake in youth and examine inter-analyst reliability. In 2009, a convenience sample of youth aged 9 to 12 years were recruited in Davis, CA, and asked to take images of the food they ate between 5 pm and bedtime for 7 days. To examine convergent validity, 1-day and average weekly food group intakes assessed by DIFR were compared to food group estimates derived from 24-hour dietary recalls. To examine interanalyst reliability, estimates of food group intakes made by two independent nutrition students were compared, using Spearman correlation coefficients. Data from 26 youth showed that each participant's 1-day food group intakes assessed by the DIFR and recall methods were significantly correlated (P<0.001) for both analysts for all food groups. Estimated average daily intake amounts determined by the DIFR method and recall methods were also significantly correlated for all food groups except grains (n=28). Interanalyst reliability was very good; estimates of food group intakes, provided by the two students, were significantly correlated (n=28, P<0.001). These results show great potential for use of DIFR to assess 1 day's intake of food groups, but more research is needed to determine how well the method performs in capturing usual intake and changes in intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Matthiessen
- Department of Nutrition Services, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, USA
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Lewis RD, Wong WW, Hausman DB, Fischer JG, Steinberg FM, Murray MJ, Cramer MA, Amato P, Young RL, Barnes S, Ellis KJ, Shypailo RJ, Fraley JK, Konzelmann KL, Smith EOB. Serum 25(OH)D response to soy isoflavone supplementation in postmenopausal women. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.581.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Steinberg FM, Murray MJ, Lewis RD, Cramer MA, Amato P, Young RL, Barnes S, Konzelmann KL, Fischer JG, Ellis KJ, Shypailo RJ, Fraley JK, Smith EO, Wong WW. Clinical outcomes of a 2-y soy isoflavone supplementation in menopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93:356-67. [PMID: 21177797 PMCID: PMC3021428 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.008359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy isoflavones are naturally occurring phytochemicals with weak estrogenic cellular effects. Despite numerous clinical trials of short-term isoflavone supplementation, there is a paucity of data regarding longer-term outcomes and safety. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of soy hypocotyl isoflavone supplementation in healthy menopausal women as a secondary outcome of a trial on bone health. DESIGN A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 24-mo trial was conducted to assess the effects of daily supplementation with 80 or 120 mg aglycone equivalent soy hypocotyl isoflavones plus calcium and vitamin D on the health of 403 postmenopausal women. At baseline and after 1 and 2 y, clinical blood chemistry values were measured and a well-woman examination was conducted, which included a mammogram and a Papanicolaou test. A cohort also underwent transvaginal ultrasound measurements to assess endometrial thickness and fibroids. RESULTS The baseline characteristics of the groups were similar. After 2 y of daily isoflavone exposure, all clinical chemistry values remained within the normal range. The only variable that changed significantly was blood urea nitrogen, which increased significantly after 2 y (P = 0.048) but not after 1 y (P = 0.343) in the supplementation groups. Isoflavone supplementation did not affect blood lymphocyte or serum free thyroxine concentrations. No significant differences in endometrial thickness or fibroids were observed between the groups. Two serious adverse events were detected (one case of breast cancer and one case of estrogen receptor-negative endometrial cancer), which was less than the expected population rate for these cancers. CONCLUSION Daily supplementation for 2 y with 80-120 mg soy hypocotyl isoflavones has minimal risk in healthy menopausal women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00665860.
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Matthiessen TB, Steinberg FM, Kaiser LL. Development and validation of a photographic method to assess dietary intake in youth. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.563.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Froyen EB, Reeves JLR, Mitchell AE, Steinberg FM. Regulation of Phase II Enzymes by Genistein and Daidzein in Male and Female Swiss Webster Mice. J Med Food 2009; 12:1227-37. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erik B. Froyen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jaime L. Rudolf Reeves
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alyson E. Mitchell
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Wong WW, Lewis RD, Steinberg FM, Murray MJ, Cramer MA, Amato P, Young RL, Barnes S, Ellis KJ, Shypailo RJ, Fraley JK, Konzelmann KL, Fischer JG, Smith EO. Soy isoflavone supplementation and bone mineral density in menopausal women: a 2-y multicenter clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90:1433-9. [PMID: 19759166 PMCID: PMC2762163 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflavones are naturally occurring plant estrogens that are abundant in soy. Although purported to protect against bone loss, the efficacy of soy isoflavone supplementation in the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women remains controversial. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to test the effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on bone health. DESIGN A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 24-mo trial was conducted to assess the effects of daily supplementation with 80 or 120 mg of soy hypocotyl aglycone isoflavones plus calcium and vitamin D on bone changes in 403 postmenopausal women. Study subjects were tested annually and changes in whole-body and regional bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and T scores were assessed. Changes in serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism were also assessed. RESULTS After study site, soy intake, and pretreatment values were controlled for, subjects receiving a daily supplement with 120 mg soy isoflavones had a statistically significant smaller reduction in whole-body BMD than did the placebo group both at 1 y (P < 0.03) and at 2 y (P < 0.05) of treatment. Smaller decreases in whole-body BMD T score were observed among this group of women at 1 y (P < 0.03) but not at 2 y of treatment. When compared with the placebo, soy isoflavone supplementation had no effect on changes in regional BMD, BMC, T scores, or biochemical markers of bone metabolism. CONCLUSION Daily supplementation with 120 mg soy hypocotyl isoflavones reduces whole-body bone loss but does not slow bone loss at common fracture sites in healthy postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00665860.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Wong
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Maskarinec G, Verheus M, Steinberg FM, Amato P, Cramer MK, Lewis RD, Murray MJ, Young RL, Wong WW. Various doses of soy isoflavones do not modify mammographic density in postmenopausal women. J Nutr 2009; 139:981-6. [PMID: 19321587 PMCID: PMC2714394 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2008] [Revised: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy isoflavones have functional similarity to human estrogens and may protect against breast cancer as a result of their antiestrogenic activity or increase risk as a result of their estrogen-like properties. We examined the relation between isoflavone supplementation and mammographic density, a strong marker for breast cancer risk, among postmenopausal women. The Osteoporosis Prevention Using Soy (OPUS) study, a multi-site, randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial assigned 406 postmenopausal women to 80 or 120 mg/d of isoflavones each or a placebo for 2 y. Percent densities were assessed in digitized mammograms using a computer-assisted method. The mammogram reader did not know the treatment status and the time of mammograms. We applied mixed models to compare breast density by treatment while considering the repeated measures. The mammographic density analysis included 358 women, 88.2% of the OPUS participants; 303 had a complete set of 3 mammograms, 49 had 2, and 6 had only 1 mammogram. At baseline, the groups were similar in age, BMI, and percent density, but mean breast density differed by study site (P = 0.02). A model with all mammograms did not show a treatment effect on any mammographic measure, but the change over time was significant; breast density decreased by 1.6%/y across groups (P < 0.001). Stratification by age and BMI did not reveal any effects in subgroups. In this randomized 2-y trial, isoflavone supplements did not modify breast density in postmenopausal women. These findings offer reassurance that isoflavones do not act like hormone replacement medication on breast density.
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Wong WW, Lewis RD, Steinberg FM, Murray MJ, Cramer MA, Amato P, Young RL, Barnes S, Ellis KJ, Shypailo RJ, Fischer J, Fraley JK, Konzelmann KL, Smith EO. Osteoporosis prevention using soy: the OPUS study. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.303.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Froriep FL, Steinberg FM. Validity of stage of change tools targeting total fat, fruit and vegetable intake, and exercise in a cardiac rehabilitation program. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1097.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Steinberg FM. Reply to AH Lichtenstein and NR Matthan. Am J Clin Nutr 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/86.4.1253a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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Wang-Polagruto JF, Villablanca AC, Polagruto JA, Lee L, Holt RR, Schrader HR, Ensunsa JL, Steinberg FM, Schmitz HH, Keen CL. Chronic Consumption of Flavanol-rich Cocoa Improves Endothelial Function and Decreases Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule in Hypercholesterolemic Postmenopausal Women. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2006; 47 Suppl 2:S177-86; discussion S206-9. [PMID: 16794456 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction characterizes many disease states including subclinical atherosclerosis. The consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa and cocoa-based products has been shown to improve endothelial function in both compromised and otherwise normal, healthy individuals when administered either acutely or over a period of several days, or weeks. Women experience increased risk for cardiovascular disease after menopause, which can be associated with endothelial dysfunction. Whether a flavanol-rich cocoa-based product can improve endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women is not known. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether chronic dietary administration of flavanol-rich cocoa improves endothelial function and markers of cardiovascular health in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Thirty-two postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women were randomly assigned to consume a high-flavanol cocoa beverage (high cocoa flavanols (CF)--446 mg of total flavanols), or a low-flavanol cocoa beverage (low CF--43 mg of total flavanols) for 6 weeks in a double-blind study (n=16 per group). Endothelial function was determined by brachial artery-reactive hyperemia. Plasma was analyzed for lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone), total nitrate/nitrite, activation of cellular adhesion markers (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, E-Selectin, P-Selectin), and platelet function and reactivity. Changes in these plasma markers were then correlated to brachial reactivity. Brachial artery hyperemic blood flow increased significantly by 76% (P<0.05 vs. baseline) after the 6-week cocoa intervention in the high CF group, compared with 32% in the low CF cocoa group (P=ns vs. baseline). The 2.4-fold increase in hyperemic blood flow with high CF cocoa closely correlated (r2=0.8) with a significant decrease (11%) in plasma levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Similar responses were not observed after chronic use of low CF. There were no significant differences between high and low CF in other biochemical markers and parameters measured. This study is the first to identify beneficial vascular effects of flavanol-rich cocoa consumption in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. In addition, our results suggest that reductions in plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 after chronic consumption of a flavanol-rich cocoa may be mechanistically linked to improved vascular reactivity.
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Heneman KM, Chang HC, Prior RL, Steinberg FM. Soy protein with and without isoflavones fails to substantially increase postprandial antioxidant capacity. J Nutr Biochem 2006; 18:46-53. [PMID: 16626957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Five methods for the assessment of antioxidant capacity [whole plasma conjugated diene formation, low-density lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility, ferric-reducing ability of plasma, oxygen radical absorbance capacity and perchloric-acid-treated oxygen radical absorbance capacity (PCA-ORAC)] were used in a randomized, double blind, crossover study to determine the acute postprandial antioxidant protection imparted by the isoflavone component of soy. On separate days, 16 subjects consumed one of three isocaloric shakes containing 25 g of protein in the form of soy, with 107 mg of total aglycone units of isoflavones, soy with trace isoflavones (<4 mg) or total milk protein. Blood was collected at baseline, 4 h, 6 h and 8 h after consumption. Antioxidant capacity, serum isoflavone levels, fat-soluble antioxidants and plasma vitamin C levels were evaluated. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed no significant differences (P=.05) within treatments over time in four of five antioxidant capacity measurements. Significant differences over time between the soy with trace isoflavones and the total milk protein group were observed using the PCA-ORAC assay. It can be concluded that, on an acute basis, a significant increase in serum antioxidant capacity is not detectable following consumption of soy protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karrie M Heneman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8669, USA
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Rudolf JL, Burns SA, Froyen E, Steinberg FM, Mitchell AE. Gender‐ and isozyme‐specific manner of glutathione S‐transferase induction. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a569-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L Rudolf
- Food Science and Technology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaDavis, One Shields Ave., Cruess HallDavisCA95616
| | - Stephanie A. Burns
- Food Science and Technology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaDavis, One Shields Ave., Cruess HallDavisCA95616
| | - Erik Froyen
- Nutrition DepartmentUniversity of California, Davis, UC, Davis, 3135 Meyer HallNutrition DepartmentDavisCA95616
| | - Francene M. Steinberg
- Nutrition DepartmentUniversity of California, Davis, UC, Davis, 3135 Meyer HallNutrition DepartmentDavisCA95616
| | - Alyson E. Mitchell
- Food Science and Technology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaDavis, One Shields Ave., Cruess HallDavisCA95616
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Heneman K, Block-Joy A, Zidenberg-Cherr S, Donohue S, Garcia L, Martin A, Metz D, Smith D, West E, Steinberg FM. A "contract for change" increases produce consumption in low-income women: a pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 105:1793-6. [PMID: 16256766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2005.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study determined whether a "Contract for Change" goal-setting exercise enhanced the effectiveness of the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education/Food Stamp Nutrition Education programs to increase produce consumption in low-income (<130% of poverty) women after 4 weeks. Thirty-eight participants were randomized in this three-group parallel arm study: (a) control group participants received life-skills lessons, (b) the education group received the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education/Food Stamp Nutrition Education "Food Guide Pyramid" lessons, and (c) the contract group also received the "Food Guide Pyramid" series and completed a "Contract for Change." It was hypothesized that the contract group would have the greatest increases in advancement toward dietary change and produce consumption. Compared with controls, the contract group significantly moved toward acceptance of vegetable consumption (P < or = .05). Compared with the education group, the contract group significantly increased fruit consumption. Results suggest that nutrition professionals can effectively use goal-setting to assist low-income populations with dietary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karrie Heneman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Ebeler SE, Dingley KH, Ubick E, Abel S, Mitchell AE, Burns SA, Steinberg FM, Clifford AJ. Animal models and analytical approaches for understanding the relationships between wine and cancer. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2005; 31:19-27. [PMID: 15921026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We used two approaches for studying the relationships between wine consumption, wine composition and cancer In the first approach, a transgenic mouse model of human neurofibromatosis, combined with the use of well-defined, chemically purified diets, showed that red wine contains nonalcoholic components that can delay tumor onset. In additional studies, catechin, the main monomeric polyphenol of red wine, delayed tumor onset in this mouse model in a positive, linear relationship when incorporated into the diet at levels of 0.5-4 mmol/kg diet. In the second approach, low doses of the chemical carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4, 5-b)pyridine (PhlP) were administered to rats, and formation of DNA adducts was evaluated by accelerator mass spectrometry. Consumption of red wine solids (the residue from red wine remaining after removal of alcohol and water) and the wine polyphenol quercetin did not influence PhlP-DNA adduct levels or induce liver enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase and quinone reductase). However, quercetin did alter distribution of PhlP in the rat tissues compared to control animals and animals fed other potential dietary chemopreventive agents, including phenylethyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of these approaches for studying the chemopreventive potential of dietary components at physiologic levels in
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Ebeler
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Ellis KJ, Shypailo RS, Steinberg FM, Lewis RD, Young RL, Wong WW. Reproducibility of fan-beam DXA measurements in adults and phantoms. J Clin Densitom 2004; 7:413-8. [PMID: 15618602 DOI: 10.1385/jcd:7:4:413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2004] [Revised: 06/27/2004] [Accepted: 06/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As part of a multicenter study, we examined the intersite reproducibility of bone mineral content (BMC) and areal density (BMD) among three fan-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) instruments from one manufacturer, all using the same software version. Spine, femur, and body-composition phantoms were each scanned nine times at each center. Over a 3-wk period, the same 10 adults were scanned once at each of the three centers. For the spine and femur phantoms, the precision errors were 0.3-0.7%. For the body-composition phantom, the precision errors were 0.8-2.8%. The intersite coefficients of variation for the human measurements varied from 1.1 to 6.8%, depending on the bone site. We conclude that even when using the same fan-beam DXA model and software, an intersite cross-comparison using only phantoms may be inadequate. Comparisons based solely on the use of a spine phantom are insufficient to ensure compatibility of human bone mineral data at other bone sites or for the whole body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Ellis
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Mitchell D, Haan MN, Steinberg FM, Visser M. Body composition in the elderly: the influence of nutritional factors and physical activity. J Nutr Health Aging 2003; 7:130-9. [PMID: 12766789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists regarding the relative contribution of diet and exercise to body composition. Few studies have examined these associations in the elderly, where changes occur in the body fat to muscle ratio. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this paper is to determine whether energy intake or physical activity are associated with body composition. Secondly, to investigate whether specific macronutrients are associated with fat or lean tissue. DESIGN Data (n= 1404) for this cross-sectional analysis were collected from a population-based sub-sample of elderly enrollees in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed by questionnaires. Body composition was measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Linear regression models were used to assess the associations of diet and activity with body composition. RESULTS Total energy intake was not associated with any of the body composition measures. Higher dietary saturated fat was associated with higher percent body mass as fat and trunk fat in both sexes (p<0.01), and in men other dietary fats were associated with body fat. In women, distance walked was inversely associated with fat masses even after adjustment for pace of walking. In both sexes, faster pace of walking was associated with lower body and fat mass (p<0.01). Lean muscle mass was not associated with physical activity or dietary intakes. CONCLUSION Physical activity and dietary fat intake in this the elderly population were more closely associated with body fat mass than was total energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
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Dingley KH, Ubick EA, Chiarappa-Zucca ML, Nowell S, Abel S, Ebeler SE, Mitchell AE, Burns SA, Steinberg FM, Clifford AJ. Effect of Dietary Constituents With Chemopreventive Potential on Adduct Formation of a Low Dose of the Heterocyclic Amines PhIP and IQ and Phase II Hepatic Enzymes. Nutr Cancer 2003; 46:212-21. [PMID: 14690798 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc4602_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a study to evaluate dietary chemopreventive strategies to reduce genotoxic effects of the carcinogens 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ). PhIP and IQ are heterocyclic amines (HCAs) that are found in cooked meat and may be risk factors for cancer. Typical chemoprevention studies have used carcinogen doses many thousand-fold higher than usual human daily intake. Therefore, we administered a low dose of [14C]PhIP and [3H]IQ and utilized accelerator mass spectrometry to quantify PhIP adducts in the liver, colon, prostate, and blood plasma and IQ adducts in the liver and blood plasma with high sensitivity. Diets supplemented with phenethylisothiocyanate (PEITC), genistein, chlorophyllin, or lycopene were evaluated for their ability to decrease adduct formation of [14C]PhIP and [3H]IQ in rats. We also examined the effect of treatments on the activity of the phase II detoxification enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST), UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UGT), phenol sulfotransferase (SULT) and quinone reductase (QR). PEITC and chlorophyllin significantly decreased PhIP-DNA adduct levels in all tissues examined, which was reflected by similar changes in PhIP binding to albumin in the blood. In contrast, genistein and lycopene tended to increase PhIP adduct levels. The treatments did not significantly alter the level of IQ-DNA or -protein adducts in the liver. With the exception of lycopene, the treatments had some effect on the activity of one or more hepatic phase II detoxification enzymes. We conclude that PEITC and chlorophyllin are protective of PhIP-induced genotoxicity after a low exposure dose of carcinogen, possibly through modification of HCA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen H Dingley
- Biology and Biotechnology Research Program and Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
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Steinberg FM, Guthrie NL, Villablanca AC, Kumar K, Murray MJ. Soy protein with isoflavones has favorable effects on endothelial function that are independent of lipid and antioxidant effects in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78:123-30. [PMID: 12816781 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/78.1.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists about the ability of soy protein and isoflavones to modulate vascular reactivity and biochemical cardiovascular disease risk markers in healthy, normolipidemic postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate whether the consumption of soy protein with isoflavones would result in improved vascular reactivity and decreased biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, independent of enhanced lipid and antioxidant effects. DESIGN Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 28) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, and they consumed 25 g of 3 protein products/d for 6 wk each, with intervening washout periods. The products were isolated soy protein with isoflavones, ethanol-washed isolated soy protein with trace isoflavones, and total milk protein, which supplied 107, 2, and 0 mg total isoflavone (aglycone) units/d, respectively. We studied vascular function by using brachial artery reactivity values, plasma concentrations of vasoactive factors, endothelial inflammatory markers, and plasma isoflavone concentrations. The resistance of whole plasma and isolated LDL to copper-mediated oxidation was measured by conjugated diene formation. RESULTS Postocclusion peak flow velocity of the brachial artery was significantly (P = 0.03) lower after treatment with isolated soy protein with isoflavones, which is consistent with a vasodilatory response, than after treatment with total milk protein. Plasma isoflavones and metabolites were significantly (P < 0.01) higher after treatment with isolated soy protein with isoflavones. There were no significant changes in biochemical cardiovascular disease risk markers or conjugated diene formation between the 3 dietary groups. CONCLUSION Daily consumption of soy protein with isoflavones can result in positive vascular effects that are independent of lipid and antioxidant effects in healthy postmenopausal women.
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Abstract
This paper offers a review of current scientific research regarding the potential cardiovascular health benefits of flavonoids found in cocoa and chocolate. Recent reports indicate that the main flavonoids found in cocoa, flavan-3-ols and their oligomeric derivatives, procyanidins, have a variety of beneficial actions, including antioxidant protection and modulation of vascular homeostasis. These findings are supported by similar research on other flavonoid-rich foods. Other constituents in cocoa and chocolate that may also influence cardiovascular health are briefly reviewed. The lipid content of chocolate is relatively high; however, one third of the lipid in cocoa butter is composed of the fat stearic acid, which exerts a neutral cholesterolemic response in humans. Cocoa and chocolate contribute to trace mineral intake, which is necessary for optimum functioning of all biologic systems and for vascular tone. Thus, multiple components in chocolate, particularly flavonoids, can contribute to the complex interplay of nutrition and health. Applications of this knowledge include recommendations by health professionals to encourage individuals to consume a wide range of phytochemical-rich foods, which can include dark chocolate in moderate amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francene M Steinberg
- Didactic Program in Dietetics, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Steinberg FM, Holt RR, Schmitz HH, Keen CL. Cocoa procyanidin chain length does not determine ability to protect LDL from oxidation when monomer units are controlled. J Nutr Biochem 2002; 13:645-652. [PMID: 12550061 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(02)00215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin and oligomeric procyanidins) were tested for their ability to decrease LDL oxidative susceptibility and spare alpha-tocopherol (alpha-toc) in vitro. Physiologic concentration (0.10-0.50 &mgr;M) of flavanols were used. The flavanols increased LDL conjugated diene lag times dose-dependently from 23-207% and 15-143% in response to copper and AAPH oxidation, respectively, and delayed alpha-toc consumption. Sparing of LDL alpha-toc represents a possible mechanism for flavanols to enhance the resistance of plasma and LDL to oxidative stress. Procyanidins decreased LDL oxidative susceptibility with increasing chain length. However, when based on equivalent amounts of monomeric units, they inhibited LDL oxidation to a similar extent. This suggests that antioxidant activity of procyanidins with biologic substrates is not attributable to chain length or charge delocalization through polymeric linkages, but primarily to ring structures and catechol groups. Additionally, human plasma was analyzed for the presence of oligomeric procyanidins following consumption of a flavanol-rich cocoa product. Procyanidin dimers were detected in plasma concordant with the appearance of monomeric flavanols, with a peak of 0.08 +/- 0.01 &mgr;mol/L (n = 6) at two hours after consumption. Thus, this paper confirms the occurrence of procyanidins in human plasma, and extends previous structure-function observations regarding flavanoid protection of LDL.
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Abstract
Recent epidemiologic studies have associated nut consumption with a reduced incidence of cardiovascular mortality. However, little is known about the contribution of nut polyphenols to antioxidant and cardiovascular protection. In this investigation, polyphenol-rich extracts from English walnuts (Juglans regia) were studied and compared with ellagic acid for their ability to inhibit in vitro plasma and LDL oxidation, as well as their effects on LDL alpha-tocopherol during oxidative stress. In addition, the Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC) was determined and liquid chromatography electrospray detection mass spectrometry (LC-ELSD/MS) analyses of the walnut extracts were performed. 2,2'-Azobis'(2-amidino propane) hydrochloride (AAPH)-induced LDL oxidation was significantly inhibited by 87 and 38% with the highest concentration (1.0 micromol/L) of ellagic acid and walnut extract, respectively. In addition, copper-mediated LDL oxidation was inhibited by 14 and 84% in the presence of ellagic acid and walnut extract, respectively, with a modest, significant LDL alpha-tocopherol sparing effect observed. Plasma thiobarbituric acid reacting substance (TBARS) formation was significantly inhibited by walnut extracts and ellagic acid in a dose-dependent manner, and the extracts exhibited a TEAC value greater than that of alpha-tocopherol. LC-ELSD/MS analysis of the walnut extracts identified ellagic acid monomers, polymeric ellagitannins and other phenolics, principally nonflavonoid compounds. These results demonstrate that walnut polyphenolics are effective inhibitors of in vitro plasma and LDL oxidation. The polyphenolic content of walnuts should be considered when evaluating their antiatherogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Steinberg FM. Is it time to dismiss calls to ban DDT. BMJ 2001; 322:676-7. [PMID: 11291658 PMCID: PMC1119868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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