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Fuentes-Baile M, Pérez-Valenciano E, García-Morales P, de Juan Romero C, Bello-Gil D, Barberá VM, Rodríguez-Lescure Á, Sanz JM, Alenda C, Saceda M. CLytA-DAAO Chimeric Enzyme Bound to Magnetic Nanoparticles. A New Therapeutical Approach for Cancer Patients? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1477. [PMID: 33540681 PMCID: PMC7867295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of D-amino acids generating H2O2. The enzymatic chimera formed by DAAO bound to the choline-binding domain of N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase (CLytA) induces cytotoxicity in several pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma cell models. In the current work, we determined whether the effect of CLytA-DAAO immobilized in magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and alginate capsules offered some advantages as compared to the free CLytA-DAAO. Results indicate that the immobilization of CLytA-DAAO in magnetic nanoparticles increases the stability of the enzyme, extending its time of action. Besides, we compared the effect induced by CLytA-DAAO with the direct addition of hydrogen peroxide, demonstrating that the progressive generation of reactive oxygen species by CLytA-DAAO is more effective in inducing cytotoxicity than the direct addition of H2O2. Furthermore, a pilot study has been initiated in biopsies obtained from pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma patients to evaluate the expression of the main genes involved in resistance to CLytA-DAAO cytotoxicity. Based on our findings, we propose that CLytA-DAAO immobilized in magnetic nanoparticles could be effective in a high percentage of patients and, therefore, be used as an anti-cancer therapy for pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fuentes-Baile
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l’Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (C.d.J.R.); (V.M.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Pérez-Valenciano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain; (E.P.-V.); (P.G.-M.); (D.B.-G.)
| | - Pilar García-Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain; (E.P.-V.); (P.G.-M.); (D.B.-G.)
| | - Camino de Juan Romero
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l’Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (C.d.J.R.); (V.M.B.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain; (E.P.-V.); (P.G.-M.); (D.B.-G.)
| | - Daniel Bello-Gil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain; (E.P.-V.); (P.G.-M.); (D.B.-G.)
| | - Víctor M. Barberá
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l’Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (C.d.J.R.); (V.M.B.)
- Unidad de Genética Molecular, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l’Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Jesús M. Sanz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cristina Alenda
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, C/Maestro Alonso, 10, 03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Miguel Saceda
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l’Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (C.d.J.R.); (V.M.B.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain; (E.P.-V.); (P.G.-M.); (D.B.-G.)
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Multipoint TvDAAO Mutants for Cephalosporin C Bioconversion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184412. [PMID: 31500317 PMCID: PMC6770189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO, EC 1.4.3.3) is used in many biotechnological processes. The main industrial application of DAAO is biocatalytic production of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid from cephalosporin C with a two enzymes system. DAAO from the yeast Trigonopsis variabilis (TvDAAO) shows the best catalytic parameters with cephalosporin C among all known DAAOs. We prepared and characterized multipoint TvDAAO mutants to improve their activity towards cephalosporin C and increase stability. All TvDAAO mutants showed better properties in comparison with the wild-type enzyme. The best mutant was TvDAAO with amino acid changes E32R/F33D/F54S/C108F/M156L/C298N. Compared to wild-type TvDAAO, the mutant enzyme exhibits a 4 times higher catalytic constant for cephalosporin C oxidation and 8- and 20-fold better stability against hydrogen peroxide inactivation and thermal denaturation, respectively. This makes this mutant promising for use in biotechnology. The paper also presents the comparison of TvDAAO catalytic properties with cephalosporin C reported by others.
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Abad S, Nahalka J, Winkler M, Bergler G, Speight R, Glieder A, Nidetzky B. High-level expression of Rhodotorula gracilis D-amino acid oxidase in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 33:557-63. [PMID: 21053050 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
By combining gene design and heterologous over-expression of Rhodotorula gracilis D-amino acid oxidase (RgDAO) in Pichia pastoris, enzyme production was enhanced by one order of magnitude compared to literature benchmarks, giving 350 kUnits/l of fed-batch bioreactor culture with a productivity of 3.1 kUnits/l h. P. pastoris cells permeabilized by freeze-drying and incubation in 2-propanol (10% v/v) produce a highly active (1.6 kUnits/g dry matter) and stable oxidase preparation. Critical bottlenecks in the development of an RgDAO catalyst for industrial applications have been eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Abad
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, Graz, 8010, Austria
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Stabilization of D-amino acid oxidase from Rhodosporidium toruloides by immobilization onto magnetic nanoparticles. Biotechnol Lett 2008; 31:557-63. [PMID: 19066733 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-008-9894-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
D-amino acid oxidase from Rhodosporidium toruloides was immobilized onto glutaraldehyde-activated magnetic nanoparticles. Approximately four enzyme molecules were attached to one magnetic nanoparticle when the weight ratio of the enzyme to the support was 0.12. After immobilization, the T(m) was increased from 45 degrees C of the free form to 55 degrees C. In the presence of 20 mM H2O2, the immobilized form retained 93% of its activity after 5 h while the free form was completely inactivated after 3.5 h.
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