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Genome-wide analysis of V-ATPase genes in Plutella xylostella (L.) and the potential role of PxVHA-G1 in resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:74-83. [PMID: 34861270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of insecticide resistance has hampered the use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a widely used bio-pesticide. Plutella xylostella (L.) is a globally distributed lepidopteran pest of cruciferous vegetables and has developed severe field resistance to the Bt toxin. Vacuolar H+-ATPases (VHA) are multi-subunit complexes and participate in multiple physiological processes. However, the characterization and functional studies of VHA genes are lacking in insects. This study performed a genome-wide analysis and identified 35 VHA gene family members divided into 15 subfamilies in P. xylostella. We cloned a V-ATPase subunit G gene, PxVHA-G1, in our previous midgut transcriptome profiles. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction results showed that PxVHA-G1 was upregulated in the Cry1S1000-resistant strain than in the G88-susceptible strain, and its expression profile revealed that the midgut, Malpighian tubules, and larva stages generally showed high expression levels. RNAi-mediated knockdown of the PxVHA-G1 gene increased the susceptibility of P. xylostella (G88 and Cry1S1000) to Cry1Ac toxin. Our study is the first to explore the role of PxVHA-G1 on regulating Cry1Ac toxicity in P. xylostella, thus, providing new insights into the role of VHAs in the development of Cry1Ac resistance and sustainable development of pest management.
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2
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Natural insecticidal proteins, the promising bio-control compounds for future crop protection. THE NUCLEUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-020-00316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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3
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da Silva G, Costa Ramos LF, Dos Santos Seckler H, Mendonça Gomes F, Reis Cortines J, Ramos I, Dinis Anobom C, de Alcantara Machado E, Perpétua de Oliveira DM. Biochemical characterization of digestive membrane-associated alkaline phosphatase from the velvet bean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21591. [PMID: 31257641 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, the use of transgenic plants expressing the insect-toxic Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin has been successfully used as pest control management since 2013 in transgenic soybean lineages against pest caterpillars such as Helicoverpa armigera. These toxins, endogenously expressed by the plants or sprayed over the crops, are ingested by the insect and bind to receptors in the midgut of these animals, resulting in disruption of digestion and lower insect survival rates. Here, we identified and characterized a membrane-associated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the midgut of Anticarsia gemmatalis, the main soybean defoliator pest in Brazil, and data suggested that it binds to Cry1Ac toxin in vitro. Our data showed a peak of ALP activity in homogenate samples of the midgut dissected from the 4th and 5th instars larvae. The brush border membrane vesicles obtained from the midgut of these larvae were used to purify a 60 kDa ALP, as detected by in-gel activity and in vitro biochemical characterization using pharmacological inhibitors and mass spectrometry. When Cry1Ac toxin was supplied to the diet, it was efficient in decreasing larval weight gain and survival. Indeed, in vitro incubation of Cry1Ac toxin with the purified ALP resulted in a 43% decrease in ALP specific activity and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that ALP interacts with Cry1Ac toxin in vitro, thus suggesting that ALP could function as a Cry toxin ligand. This is a first report characterizing an ALP in A. gemmatalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Estrutural de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da Natureza, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Luís Felipe Costa Ramos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Estrutural de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da Natureza, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Dos Santos Seckler
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Estrutural de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da Natureza, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Mendonça Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos e Parasitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Cortines
- Departamento de Virologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Dinis Anobom
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Estrutural de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da Natureza, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Ednildo de Alcantara Machado
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos e Parasitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Danielle Maria Perpétua de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Estrutural de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da Natureza, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
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4
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Ren XL, Hu HY, Jiang WL, Ma XY, Ma YJ, Li GQ, Ma Y. Three GPI-anchored alkaline phosphatases are involved in the intoxication of Cry1Ca toxin to Spodoptera exigua larvae. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 151:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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5
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ABCC2 is associated with Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin oligomerization and membrane insertion in diamondback moth. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2386. [PMID: 28539590 PMCID: PMC5443830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cry1A insecticidal toxins bind sequentially to different larval gut proteins facilitating oligomerization, membrane insertion and pore formation. Cry1Ac interaction with cadherin triggers oligomerization. However, a mutation in an ABC transporter gene (ABCC2) is linked to Cry1Ac resistance in Plutella xylostella. Cry1AcMod, engineered to lack helix α-1, was able to form oligomers without cadherinbinding and effectively countered Cry1Ac resistance linked to ABCC2. Here we analyzed Cry1Ac and Cry1AcMod binding and oligomerization by western blots using brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from a strain of P. xylostella susceptible to Cry1Ac (Geneva 88) and a strain with resistance to Cry1Ac (NO-QAGE) linked to an ABCC2 mutation. Resistance correlated with lack of specific binding and reduced oligomerization of Cry1Ac in BBMV from NO-QAGE. In contrast, Cry1AcMod bound specifically and still formed oligomers in BBMV from both strains. We compared association of pre-formed Cry1Ac oligomer, obtained by incubating Cry1Ac toxin with a Manduca sexta cadherin fragment, with BBMV from both strains. Our results show that pre-formed oligomers associate more efficiently with BBMV from Geneva 88 than with BBMV from NO-QAGE, indicating that the ABCC2 mutation also affects the association of Cry1Ac oligomer with the membrane. These data indicate, for the first time, that ABCC2 facilitates Cry1Ac oligomerization and oligomer membrane insertion in P. xylostella.
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6
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Yinghua S, Yan D, Jin C, Jiaxi W, Jianwu W. Responses of the cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to two Bt corn hybrids expressing Cry1Ab. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41577. [PMID: 28186125 PMCID: PMC5301207 DOI: 10.1038/srep41577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the responses of the secondary lepidopteran pest Spodoptera litura to two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn hybrids [5422Bt1 (Event Bt11), 5422CBCL (MON810)] expressing Cry1Ab, larval bioassays with Cry1Ab toxin, corn leaves or kernels and bagging on corn plants were conducted. The results showed that larvae displayed a similar performance when fed kernels, but not leaves of 5422Bt1, 5422CBCL and their near-isogenic non-Bt corn (5422). Significantly higher Cry1Ab amounts were detected in larvae fed leaves than kernels of both Bt hybrids, with different molecular weights of protein band in plants (72 and 90 kDa for 5422Bt1 and 5422CBCL, respectively), gut contents (65 kDa), feces (50 kDa), which indicated that larvae had lower ingestion, higher degradation and excretion of Cry1Ab when fed kernels not leaves of both Bt hybrids. Significantly higher levels of cadherin-like receptors and alkaline phosphatase transcripts were detected in larvae fed leaves than kernels of two Bt hybrids. Catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase activities in larvae fed 5422Bt1 leaves were significantly higher than that of 5422 treatments. Therefore, S. litura had low susceptibility to 5422Bt1 and 5422CBCL when larvae fed kernels not leaves of Bt corn. Additionally, S. litura presented a much stronger tolerance to 5422CBCL than 5422Bt1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yinghua
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Du Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Jiaxi
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wang Jianwu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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7
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Jin T, Duan X, Bravo A, Soberón M, Wang Z, He K. Identification of an alkaline phosphatase as a putative Cry1Ac binding protein in Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 131:80-86. [PMID: 27265829 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis, is an important insect pest of maize susceptible to different Cry1A toxins. Based on amino acid sequence alignment of ALP sequences from lepidopteran larvae an alp gene was cloned from ACB, named ofalp. Pull dawn assays using biotinylated Cry1Ac and brush border membrane vesicles isolated from second instar ACB larvae showed that four proteins of 50, 65, 68 and 70kDa precipitated with the Cry1Ac. The 65kDa band cross-reacted with the anti-OfALP monoclonal antibody. GalNac was able to release the binding of Cry1Ac to the 65kDa OfALP in pull down assays. A 37kDa fragment from residues D173 to D473 of OfALP was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli cells. We show that this ALP-fragment was able to bind Cry1Ac in ligand blot analysis. Our data also indicate that different ALP isoforms or variants may be also Cry1Ac binding proteins since more ALP enzymatic activity was pull down with Cry1Ac than with anti-OfALP antibody. We also analyzed the expression levels of ALP throughout the larval development by qPCR and ALP enzymatic activity. Our data indicated that ALP expression in ACB was observed preferentially in young instar larvae. Finally, we show that resistance in O. furnacalis ACB-AcR strain resistant to Cry1Ac did not correlate with changes in expression of this ALP protein since it shows similar gene expression of ofalp than the susceptible insect strain. Identification of Cry1Ac receptors will help to understand mechanism of action of Cry1Ac in O. furnacalis and to understand mechanism of Cry toxin resistance. Our data indicate that at least one ALP protein is involved in the binding interaction with Cry1Ac in O. furnacalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jin
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Alejandra Bravo
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Mario Soberón
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Zhenying Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kanglai He
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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8
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Renzi MT, Amichot M, Pauron D, Tchamitchian S, Brunet JL, Kretzschmar A, Maini S, Belzunces LP. Chronic toxicity and physiological changes induced in the honey bee by the exposure to fipronil and Bacillus thuringiensis spores alone or combined. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 127:205-13. [PMID: 26866756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the agricultural environment, honey bees may be exposed to combinations of pesticides. Until now, the effects of these combinations on honey bee health have been poorly investigated. In this study, we assessed the impacts of biological and chemical insecticides, combining low dietary concentrations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) spores (100 and 1000µg/L) with the chemical insecticide fipronil (1µg/L). In order to assess the possible effects of Cry toxins, the Bt kurstaki strain (Btk) was compared with a Bt strain devoid of toxin-encoding plasmids (Bt Cry(-)). The oral exposure to fipronil and Bt spores from both strains for 10 days did not elicit significant effects on the feeding behavior and survival after 25 days. Local and systemic physiological effects were investigated by measuring the activities of enzymes involved in the intermediary and detoxication metabolisms at two sampling dates (day 10 and day 20). Attention was focused on head and midgut glutathione-S-transferase (GST), midgut alkaline phosphatase (ALP), abdomen glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). We found that Bt Cry(-) and Btk spores induced physiological modifications by differentially modulating enzyme activities. Fipronil influenced the enzyme activities differently at days 10 and 20 and, when combined with Bt spores, elicited modulations of some spore-induced physiological responses. These results show that an apparent absence of toxicity may hide physiological disruptions that could be potentially damaging for the bees, especially in the case of combined exposures to other environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Renzi
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 A&E, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcel Amichot
- INRA, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - David Pauron
- INRA, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Sylvie Tchamitchian
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 A&E, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Luc Brunet
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 A&E, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - André Kretzschmar
- INRA, UR Biostatistiques et Processus Spatiaux, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Stefano Maini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luc P Belzunces
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 A&E, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France.
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9
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Zhou Z, Wang Z, Liu Y, Liang G, Shu C, Song F, Zhou X, Bravo A, Soberón M, Zhang J. Identification of ABCC2 as a binding protein of Cry1Ac on brush border membrane vesicles from Helicoverpa armigera by an improved pull-down assay. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:659-69. [PMID: 27037552 PMCID: PMC4985599 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cry1Ac toxin‐binding proteins from Helicoverpa armigera brush border membrane vesicles were identified by an improved pull‐down method that involves coupling Cry1Ac to CNBr agarose combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). According to the LC‐MS/MS results, Cry1Ac toxin could bind to six classes of aminopeptidase‐N, alkaline phosphatase, cadherin‐like protein, ATP‐binding cassette transporter subfamily C protein (ABCC2), actin, ATPase, polycalin, and some other proteins not previously characterized as Cry toxin‐binding molecules such as dipeptidyl peptidase or carboxyl/choline esterase and some serine proteases. This is the first report that suggests the direct binding of Cry1Ac toxin to ABCC2 in H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310012, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gemei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fuping Song
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310012, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Alejandra Bravo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Morelos, 62250, Mexico
| | - Mario Soberón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Morelos, 62250, Mexico
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
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Lin P, Cheng T, Jin S, Wu Y, Fu B, Long R, Zhao P, Xia Q. PC, a Novel Oral Insecticidal Toxin from Bacillus bombysepticus Involved in Host Lethality via APN and BtR-175. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11101. [PMID: 26057951 PMCID: PMC4460869 DOI: 10.1038/srep11101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect pests have developed resistance to chemical insecticides, insecticidal toxins as bioinsecticides or genetic protection built into crops. Consequently, novel, orally active insecticidal toxins would be valuable biological alternatives for pest control. Here, we identified a novel insecticidal toxin, parasporal crystal toxin (PC), from Bacillus bombysepticus (Bb). PC shows oral pathogenic activity and lethality towards silkworms and Cry1Ac-resistant Helicoverpa armigera strains. In vitro assays, PC after activated by trypsin binds to BmAPN4 and BtR-175 by interacting with CR7 and CR12 fragments. Additionally, trypsin-activated PC demonstrates cytotoxicity against Sf9 cells expressing BmAPN4, revealing that BmAPN4 serves as a functional receptor that participates in Bb and PC pathogenicity. In vivo assay, knocking out BtR-175 increased the resistance of silkworms to PC. These data suggest that PC is the first protein with insecticidal activity identified in Bb that is capable of causing silkworm death via receptor interactions, representing an important advance in our understanding of the toxicity of Bb and the contributions of interactions between microbial pathogens and insects to disease pathology. Furthermore, the potency of PC as an insecticidal protein makes it a good candidate for inclusion in integrated agricultural pest management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingcai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengkai Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bohua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renwen Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Xu P, Islam M, Xiao Y, He F, Li Y, Peng J, Hong H, Liu C, Liu K. Expression of recombinant and mosaic Cry1Ac receptors from Helicoverpa armigera and their influences on the cytotoxicity of activated Cry1Ac to Spodoptera litura Sl-HP cells. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:481-96. [PMID: 25412589 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin receptors play important roles in the killing of pests, and investigation on characterization of the receptors is essential for utilization of Bt and management of insect resistance. Here, recombinant and mosaic receptors of Bt Cry1Ac toxin from Helicoverpa armigera were expressed in Spodoptera litura Sl-HP cells and their influences on cytotoxicity of activated Cry1Ac toxin were investigated. When H. armigera aminopeptidase N1 (APN1), alkaline phosphatase 2 (ALP2) and cadherin fused with or without GFP tag were, respectively, expressed in Sl-HP cells, live cell-immunofluorescence staining detection revealed that the quantity of the toxin binding to cadherin or cadherin-GFP was much more than that binding to ALP2 and APN1 or their fusion proteins with GFP, and only the cadherin- or cadherin-GFP-expressing cells showed aberrant cell morphology after the treatment of the toxin at low concentrations. ALP2 and APN1 fused with or without GFP tag did not significantly enhance the cadherin-mediated cytotoxicity of the toxin. The mosaic ALP-TBR-GFP-GPI was located on cell membrane, but did not bind to the toxin. The mosaic truncated cadherin-GFP-GPI was not located on cell membrane even if the signal peptide was sustained. The concentrations of the toxin resulting in swelling of 50 % cells for noncadherin-expressing Sl-HP cells and cadherin-expressing Hi5 cells were 5.08 and 9.50 µg/ml within 1 h, respectively. Taken together, our data have indicated that the binding affinity of ALP2 and APN1 to activated Cry1Ac toxin is much weaker than that of cadherin and both ALP2 and APN1 do not enhance the cytotoxicity of the toxin even though cadherin is co-expressed, and the mosaic receptor of ALP2 inserted with cadherin toxin binding domain does not mediate cytotoxicity of the toxin. In addition, the noncadherin-expressing Sl-HP cells are more susceptible to activated Cry1Ac than the cadherin-expressing Hi5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Mayira Islam
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei He
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Wuhan Bioengineering Institute, Wuhan, 430415, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhu Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaiyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
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Koul B, Srivastava S, Sanyal I, Tripathi B, Sharma V, Amla DV. Transgenic tomato line expressing modified Bacillus thuringiensis cry1Ab gene showing complete resistance to two lepidopteran pests. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:84. [PMID: 24600542 PMCID: PMC3937457 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The modified truncated Bt-cry1Ab gene of Bacillus thuringiensis has been used for the development and selection of over expressing transgenic events in a commercially important variety of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by Agrobacterium-mediated leaf-disc transformation procedure. The integration and inheritance of cry1Ab gene in T0 transgenic plants and their progenies were determined by PCR, RT-PCR and Southern blot hybridization analysis. The toxin expression was monitored by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The transgenic line Ab25 E, expressing 0.47 ± 0.01% Cry1Ab toxin of total soluble protein (TSP) was finally selected in the T4 generation from the segregating population, showing 100% mortality to the second instar larvae of H. armigera and S. litura and minimal damages to leaves and fruits. Southern blot analysis data revealed single copy introgression of cry1Ab gene in highly-expressing Ab25 E transgenic line and expression of Cry1Ab toxin of molecular mass ~65 kDa was evident in Western blot analyses in transgenic plants of T4, T5 and T6 generation. Receptor binding assay performed with partially purified Cry1Ab protein from Ab25 E transgenic tomato line, confirmed efficient protein-protein interaction of Cry1Ab toxin with receptor(s) of both the insects. The higher level of Cry1Ab toxin (≈ 0.47 ± 0.01% TSP) did not affect the normal in vitro regeneration, plant development and fruit yield in this transgenic line. This high expressing Cry1Ab homozygous transgenic line can be a useful candidate in tomato breeding programmes for introgression of important agronomical traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Koul
- Plant Transgenic Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, P.O. Box 436, Lucknow, 226 001 India
| | - Sugandha Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226 003 India
| | - Indraneel Sanyal
- Plant Transgenic Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, P.O. Box 436, Lucknow, 226 001 India
| | - Bhuminath Tripathi
- Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, 495 009 Chhattisgarh India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Department of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, P.O. Banasthali, Tonk Road, Rajasthan, 304 022 India
| | - Devindra Vijay Amla
- Plant Transgenic Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, P.O. Box 436, Lucknow, 226 001 India
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Zúñiga-Navarrete F, Gómez I, Peña G, Bravo A, Soberón M. A Tenebrio molitor GPI-anchored alkaline phosphatase is involved in binding of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa to brush border membrane vesicles. Peptides 2013; 41:81-6. [PMID: 22743140 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins recognizes their target cells in part by the binding to glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) anchored proteins such as aminopeptidase-N (APN) or alkaline phosphatases (ALP). Treatment of Tenebrio molitor brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) with phospholipase C that cleaves out GPI-anchored proteins from the membranes, showed that GPI-anchored proteins are involved in binding of Cry3Aa toxin to BBMV. A 68 kDa GPI-anchored ALP was shown to bind Cry3Aa by toxin overlay assays. The 68 kDa GPI-anchored ALP was preferentially expressed in early instar larvae in comparison to late instar larvae. Our work shows for the first time that GPI-anchored ALP is important for Cry3Aa binding to T. molitor BBMV suggesting that the mode of action of Cry toxins is conserved in different insect orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Zúñiga-Navarrete
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico
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Pardo-López L, Soberón M, Bravo A. Bacillus thuringiensisinsecticidal three-domain Cry toxins: mode of action, insect resistance and consequences for crop protection. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 37:3-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Upadhyay SK, Singh PK. Receptors of Garlic (Allium sativum) Lectins and Their Role in Insecticidal Action. Protein J 2012; 31:439-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-012-9423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Compatibility of garlic (Allium sativum L.) leaf agglutinin and Cry1Ac δ-endotoxin for gene pyramiding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:2365-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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