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Xiang M, Ding W, Wu C, Wang W, Ye S, Cai C, Hu X, Wang N, Bai W, Tang X, Zhu C, Yu X, Xu Q, Zheng Y, Ding Z, Lin C, Zhu Q. Production of purple Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) with enhanced drought and cold stress tolerance by engineering anthocyanin biosynthesis. PLANTA 2021; 254:50. [PMID: 34386845 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the leaf color (Lc) gene in Ma bamboo substantially increased the accumulation level of anthocyanin, and improved plant tolerance to cold and drought stresses, probably due to the increased antioxidant capacity. Most bamboos, including Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro), are naturally evergreen and sensitive to cold and drought stresses, while it's nearly impossible to make improvements through conventual breeding due to their long and irregular flowering habit. Moreover, few studies have reported bamboo germplasm innovation through genetic engineering as bamboo genetic transformation remains difficult. In this study, we have upregulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in Ma bamboo, to generate non-green Ma bamboo with increased abiotic stress tolerance. By overexpressing the maize Lc gene, a bHLH transcription activator involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis in Ma bamboo, we generated purple bamboos with increased anthocyanin levels including cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, peonidin 3-O-rutinoside, and an unknown cyanidin pentaglycoside derivative. The expression levels of 9 anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were up-regulated. Overexpression of the Lc gene improved the plant tolerance to cold and drought stress, probably due to increased antioxidant capacity. The levels of the cold- and drought-related phytohormone jasmonic acid in the transgenic plants were also enhanced, which may also contribute to the plant stress-tolerant phenotypes. High anthocyanin accumulation level did not affect plant growth. Transcriptomic analysis showed higher expressions of genes involved in the flavonoid pathway in Lc transgenic bamboos compared with those in wild-type ones. The anthocyanin-rich bamboos generated here provide an example of ornamental and multiple agronomic trait improvements by genetic engineering in this important grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Xiang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - WenSha Ding
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chu Wu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shanwen Ye
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changyang Cai
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiyuan Bai
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Tang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caiping Zhu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yushan Zheng
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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Yang F, Li CH, Das D, Zheng YH, Song T, Wang LX, Chen MX, Li QZ, Zhang J. Comprehensive Transcriptome and Metabolic Profiling of Petal Color Development in Lycoris sprengeri. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:747131. [PMID: 34925402 PMCID: PMC8678534 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.747131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Lycoris sprengeri (L. sprengeri) is an important ornamental bulbous plant, and its numerous varieties in different color forms are widely planted. Multiple color types of petals in L. sprengeri provide us with possibilities to delineate the complicated metabolic networks underlying the biochemical traits behind color formation in this plant species, especially petal color. In this study, we sequenced and annotated a reference transcriptome of pink and white petals of L. sprengeri and analyzed the metabolic role of anthocyanin biosynthesis in regulating color pigment metabolism. Briefly, white and pink petal samples were sequenced with an Illumina platform, to obtain the reads that could be assembled into 100,778 unique sequences. Sequences expressed differentially between white vs. pink petals were further annotated with the terms of Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and eggNOG. Gene expression analyses revealed the repression of anthocyanin and steroid biosynthesis enzymes and R2R3 MYB transcription factor (TF) genes in white petals compared to pink petals. Furthermore, the targeted metabolic profiling of anthocyanins revealed that color-related delphinidin (Del) and cyanidin (Cy) pigments are lower in white petals, which correlate well with the reduced gene expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Taken together, it is hypothesized that anthocyanin biosynthesis, steroid biosynthesis, and R2R3 MYB TFs may play vital regulatory roles in petal color development in L. sprengeri. This work provides a valuable genomic resource for flower breeding and metabolic engineering in horticulture and markers for studying the flower trait evolution of L. sprengeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Protected Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao-han Li
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Protected Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Debatosh Das
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-hong Zheng
- Ornamental Plant Research Center, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Song
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lan-xiang Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing-zhu Li
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Protected Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qing-zhu Li,
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Jianhua Zhang,
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He Y, Zhu M, Wu J, Ouyang L, Wang R, Sun H, Yan L, Wang L, Xu M, Zhan H, Zhao Y. Repurposing of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis for Plant Transformation and Genome Editing. Front Genome Ed 2020; 2:607982. [PMID: 34713232 PMCID: PMC8525376 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.607982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology has been very effective in editing genes in many plant species including rice. Here we further improve the current CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in both efficiency and time needed for isolation of transgene-free and target gene-edited plants. We coupled the CRISPR/Cas9 cassette with a unit that activates anthocyanin biosynthesis, providing a visible marker for detecting the presence of transgenes. The anthocyanin-marker assisted CRISPR (AAC) technology enables us to identify transgenic events even at calli stage, to select transformants with elevated Cas9 expression, and to identify transgene-free plants in the field. We used the AAC technology to edit LAZY1 and G1 and successfully generated many transgene-free and target gene-edited plants at T1 generation. The AAC technology greatly reduced the labor, time, and costs needed for editing target genes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lejun Ouyang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Rongchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilian Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huadong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Hu W, Zhou T, Han Z, Tan C, Xing Y. Dominant complementary interaction between OsC1 and two tightly linked genes, Rb1 and Rb2, controls the purple leaf sheath in rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:2555-2566. [PMID: 32458058 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two tightly linked genes for rice purple leaf sheath were identified via map-based cloning. Further analysis indicated that these two genes together with OsC1 co-regulating the purple leaf sheath. The purple color of the leaf sheath in rice is dependent on the accumulation of anthocyanins such as cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) and peonidin 3-O-glucoside (P3G). Although many genes related to leaf sheath color have been mapped, the genetic basis for leaf sheath color is not yet clear. Here, PSH1 (purple leaf sheath 1) was mapped to chromosome 1 using an F2 and a RIL population. Map-based cloning and transformation assays further divided PSH1 as two tightly linked bHLH genes, Rb1 and Rb2. Ectopic expression of these two genes resulted in substantial accumulation of C3G and P3G in the leaf blade, leaf sheath and pericarp. Single gene mutants displayed a faded purple leaf sheath or green leaf sheath in the top half of the leaf sheath, but double mutants displayed a green leaf sheath, indicating that both genes have dosage effects on anthocyanin synthesis. However, overexpression of Rb1 and Rb2 sharply decreased grain filling. A segregation ratio of green to purple was 15:1 observed in the F2 population from parents Minghui 63 and Xizang 2, which both had green leaf sheaths; these results demonstrate that dominant complementary interaction between OsC1 and Rb (Rb1 and Rb2) controls the purple leaf sheath. These findings systematically uncovered the genetic basis of leaf sheath color and provided alternative genes for breeding anthocyanin-rich rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongmin Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cong Tan
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yongzhong Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Zheng J, Wu H, Zhu H, Huang C, Liu C, Chang Y, Kong Z, Zhou Z, Wang G, Lin Y, Chen H. Determining factors, regulation system, and domestication of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice leaves. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:705-721. [PMID: 30891753 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wild and cultivated rice show a significant difference in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the leaf. The regulation system of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice leaf and the causal mechanism of the difference in this biosynthesis between wild and cultivated rice remain largely unknown. In this study, a genome-wide association study and transcriptome analysis were performed to identify the determinant factors and dissect the regulatory system for anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice leaves. OsC1, OsRb and OsDFR were identified as the determinants of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice leaves. Artificial selection of certain null mutations of OsC1 and OsRb was the main causal mechanism underlying the loss of anthocyanin pigmentation in most cultivated rice. OsP1 and the MYB-bHLH-WD40 complexes regulate anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in rice leaves with partial functional overlap. OsP1 specifically activates upstream biosynthetic genes (OsCHS, OsCHI and OsF3'H) for anthocyanin biosynthesis, whereas the ternary MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex activates all anthocyanin biosynthetic genes including OsCHS, OsCHI, OsF3'H, OsF3H, OsDFR and OsANS. OsC1 and OsRb are tissue-specific regulators that do not influence anthocyanin biosynthesis in the pericarp. Our results reveal the determinant factors, regulatory system and domestication of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice leaves, and show the potential of engineering anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huabing Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changyuan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zichun Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zaihui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gongwei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Zhang C, Yu D, Ke F, Zhu M, Xu J, Zhang M. Seedless mutant 'Wuzi Ougan' (Citrus suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka 'seedless') and the wild type were compared by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics and integratedly analyzed with transcriptome to improve understanding of male sterility. BMC Genet 2018; 19:106. [PMID: 30458706 PMCID: PMC6245639 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-018-0693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bud mutation is a vital method of citrus. ‘Wuzi Ougan’ (mutant type, MT) as a bud variant of ‘Ougan’ (wild type, WT) was first found in 1996 and has become popular because of its male sterility and seedless character. Previous analysis of its cytological sections and transcriptome revealed that the abnormal microsporogenesis that occurs before the tetrad stage of anther development might be the result of down-regulated oxidation-reduction biological processes in MT. To reveal the mechanism behind the male sterility in MT at the post-transcriptional stage, proteome profiling and integrative analysis on previously obtained transcriptome and proteome data were performed in two strains. Results The proteome profiling was performed by iTRAQ (isobaric Tags for relative and absolute quantitation) analysis and 6201 high-confidence proteins were identified, among which there were 487 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in one or more developmental stages of anthers between MT and WT. The main functional subcategories associated with the main category biological process into which the DEPs were classified were sporopollenin biosynthesis process and pollen exine formation. The enriched pathways were phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism. Moreover, there were eight pathways linked in terms of being related to phenylpropanoid metabolism. Eighteen important genes related to phenylpropanoid metabolism were also analysized by qRT-PCR (quantitative real time PCR). An integrative analysis of the fold change at the transcript (log2 FPKM ratios) and protein (log1.2 iTRAQ ratios) levels was performed to reveal the consistency of gene expression at transcriptional and proteomic level. In general, the expression of genes and proteins tended to be positively correlated, in which the correlation coefficients were 0.3414 (all genes and all proteins) and 0.5686 (DEPs and according genes). Conclusion This study is the first to offer a comprehensive understanding of the gene regulation in ‘Wuzi Ougan’ and its wild type, especially during the microsporocyte to meiosis stage. Specifically, the involved genes include those in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism, as determined by integrative transcriptome and proteome analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-018-0693-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, No.666, WuSu Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China, 311300.,The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Dihu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, No.666, WuSu Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China, 311300
| | - Fuzhi Ke
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Huangyan, 318020, China
| | - Mimi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, No.666, WuSu Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China, 311300
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Huangyan, 318020, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, No.666, WuSu Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China, 311300. .,The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Ye S, Cai C, Ren H, Wang W, Xiang M, Tang X, Zhu C, Yin T, Zhang L, Zhu Q. An Efficient Plant Regeneration and Transformation System of Ma Bamboo ( Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) Started from Young Shoot as Explant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1298. [PMID: 28798758 PMCID: PMC5529393 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering technology has been successfully used in many plant species, but is limited in woody plants, especially in bamboos. Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) is one of the most important bamboo species in Asia, and its genetic improvement was largely restricted by the lack of an efficient regeneration and transformation method. Here we reported a plantlet regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol by using Ma bamboo young shoots as explants. Under our optimized conditions, embryogenic calluses were successfully induced from the excised young shoots on callus induction medium and rapidly grew on callus multiplication medium. Shoots and roots were regenerated on shoot induction medium and root induction medium, respectively, with high efficiency. An Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol of Ma bamboo was established, verified by PCR and GUS staining. Furthermore, the maize Lc gene under the control of the ubiquitin promoter was successfully introduced into Ma bamboo genome and generated an anthocyanin over-accumulation phenotype. Our methods established here will facilitate the basic research as well as genetic breeding of this important bamboo species. Key achievements: A stable and high efficiency regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for Ma bamboo from vegetative organ is established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Zhu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
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Altered Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in the Maize Lc-Expressed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Affects Storage Root Development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18645. [PMID: 26727353 PMCID: PMC4698713 DOI: 10.1038/srep18645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no direct evidence of the effect of lignin metabolism on early storage root development in sweet potato. In this study, we found that heterologous expression of the maize leaf color (Lc) gene in sweet potato increased anthocyanin pigment accumulation in the whole plant and resulted in reduced size with an increased length/width ratio, low yield and less starch content in the early storage roots. RT-PCR analysis revealed dramatic up-regulation of the genes involved in the lignin biosynthesis pathway in developing storage roots, leading to greater lignin content in the Lc transgenic lines, compared to the wild type. This was also evidenced by the enhanced lignification of vascular cells in the early storage roots. Furthermore, increased expression of the β-amylase gene in leaves and storage roots also accelerated starch degradation and increased the sugar use efficiency, providing more energy and carbohydrate sources for lignin biosynthesis in the Lc transgenic sweet potato. Lesser starch accumulation was observed in the developing storage roots at the initiation stage in the Lc plants. Our study provides experimental evidence of the basic carbohydrate metabolism underlying the development of storage roots, which is the transformation of lignin biosynthesis to starch biosynthesis.
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Fan X, Fan B, Wang Y, Yang W. Anthocyanin accumulation enhanced in Lc-transgenic cotton under light and increased resistance to bollworm. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 10:1-11. [PMID: 26941851 PMCID: PMC4761005 DOI: 10.1007/s11816-015-0382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Breeding of naturally colored cotton fiber has been hampered by the limited germplasm, an alternative way is to use transgenic approach to create more germplasm for breeding. Here, we report our effort to engineer anthocyanin production in cotton. The maize Lc gene, under the control of the constitutive 35S promoter, was introduced into cotton through genetic transformation. Our data showed that the expression of the Lc gene alone is sufficient to trigger the accumulation of anthocyanin in a variety of cell types including fiber cells in cotton. However, the accumulation of colored anthocyanin in cotton fibers requires the participation of light signaling. These data indicate that it is feasible to engineer colored fibers through transgenic approach in cotton. Furthermore, we showed that the Lc-transgenic cotton plants are resistant to cotton bollworm. These transgenic plants are, therefore, potentially useful for cotton breeding against cotton bollworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Fan
- />Institute of Cotton Research, Academy of ShanXi Agricultural Science, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province 044000 China
| | - Bohong Fan
- />Institute of Cotton Research, Academy of ShanXi Agricultural Science, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province 044000 China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- />Institute of Cotton Research, Academy of ShanXi Agricultural Science, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province 044000 China
| | - Weicai Yang
- />Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Beijing, 100101 China
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Shi SG, Yang M, Zhang M, Wang P, Kang YX, Liu JJ. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis between red and white strains of Magnolia sprengeri pamp. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:706. [PMID: 25150046 PMCID: PMC4156625 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnolia sprengeri Pamp is one of the most highly valuable medicinal and ornamental plants of the Magnolia Family. The natural color of M. sprengeri is variable. The complete genome sequence of M. sprengeri is not available; therefore we sequenced the transcriptome of white and red petals of M. sprengeri using Illumina technology. We focused on the identity of structural and regulatory genes encoding the enzymes involved in the determination of flower color. RESULTS We sequenced and annotated a reference transcriptome for M. sprengeri, and aimed to capture the transcriptional determinanats of flower color. We sequenced a normalized cDNA library of white and red petals using Illumina technology. The resulting reads were assembled into 77,048 unique sequences, of which 28,243 could be annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, while 48,805 transcripts lacked GO annotation. The main enzymes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis, such as phenylalanine ammonia-Lyase, cinnamat-4-Hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol-4-reductase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavonoid-3'-hydroxylase, flavonol synthase, chalcone synthase and anthocyanidin synthase, were identified in the transcriptome. A total of 270 transcription factors were sorted into three families, including MYB, bHLH and WD40 types. Among these transcription factors, eight showed 4-fold or greater changes in transcript abundance in red petals compared with white petals. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of anthocyanin compositions showed that the main anthocyanin in the petals of M. sprengeri is cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride and its content in red petals was 26-fold higher than that in white petals. CONCLUSION This study presents the first next-generation sequencing effort and transcriptome analysis of a non-model plant from the Family Magnoliaceae. Genes encoding key enzymes were identified and the metabolic pathways involved in biosynthesis and catabolism of M. sprengeri flavonoids were reconstructed. Identification of these genes and pathways adds to the current knowledge of the molecular biology and biochemistry of their production in plant. Such insights into the mechanisms supporting metabolic processes could be used to genetically to enhance flower color among members of the Magnoliaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jian-Jun Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Song YE, Wang X, Shen ZW, Xu Y, Li JY. Expressing the maize anthocyanin regulatory gene Lc increased flavonoid content in the seed of white pericarp rice and purple pericarp rice. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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