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Galindo-Rodriguez GR, Sarwar MS, Rios-Solis L, Dimartino S. Development, characterization and application of 3D printed adsorbents for in situ recovery of taxadiene from microbial cultivations. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464815. [PMID: 38522406 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Microbial cell factories are an attractive alternative to produce high-value natural products using sustainable processes. However, product recovery is one of the main challenges to reduce production cost and make these technologies economically interesting. In this work, new resins were formulated to 3D print hydrophobic adsorbents for the recovery of biologics from microbial cultivations. Benzyl methacrylate (BEMA) and butyl methacrylate (BUMA) were selected as functional monomers suitable for the adsorption of hydrophobic compounds. Pore morphology was tailored through the inclusion of pore forming agents (porogens) in the resin. Different porogens and porogen concentrations were evaluated resulting in materials with different porous networks. Sudan 1 and the anticancer drug paclitaxel were employed as model compounds to test the adsorption performance of hydrophobic and terpene molecules onto the developed 3D printed materials. The material with greatest adsorption capacity was obtained using BEMA monomer with 40 % (v/v) porogen (BEMA40). The performance of BEMA40 to recover taxadiene from small-scale (5 mL) Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultivations was tested and compared with commercial Diaion HP-20 beads. Taxadiene titres on BEMA40 (46 ± 2 mg/L) and Diaion HP-20 (54 ± 4 mg/L) were comparable, with no taxadiene detected in the cells and cell-free media, suggesting near 100 % taxadiene partition on the adsorbents. Compared to commercial beads, 3D printed adsorbents can be customized with adjustments in the resin formulation, are well adaptable to diverse bioreactor types, do not clog sampling ports and columns and are easier to handle during post processing. The results of this work demonstrate the potential of 3D printing to fabricate hydrophobic interaction adsorbent materials and their application in the recovery of biological products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Sulaiman Sarwar
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom; Centre for Engineering Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Dimartino
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom.
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2
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Galindo-Rodriguez GR, Santoyo-Garcia JH, Rios-Solis L, Dimartino S. In situ recovery of taxadiene using solid adsorption in cultivations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:86-94. [PMID: 37162336 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2207204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an engineered strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to produce taxadiene, a precursor in the biosynthetic pathway of the anticancer drug paclitaxel. Taxadiene was recovered in situ with the polymeric adsorbent Diaion © HP-20. Here we tested two bioreactor configurations and adsorbent concentrations to maximize the production and recovery of taxadiene. An external recovery configuration (ERC) was performed with the integration of an expanded bed adsorption column, whereas the internal recovery configuration (IRC) consisted in dispersed beads inside the bioreactor vessel. Taxadiene titers recovered in IRC were higher to ERC by 3.4 and 3.5 fold by using 3% and 12% (w/v) adsorbent concentration respectively. On the other hand, cell growth kinetics were faster in ERC which represents an advantage in productivity (mg of taxadiene/L*h). High resin bead concentration (12% w/v) improved the partition of taxadiene onto the beads up to 98%. This result represents an advantage over previous studies using a 3% resin concentration where the partition of taxadiene on the beads was around 50%. This work highlights the potential of in situ product recovery to improve product partition, reduce processing steps and promote cell growth. Nevertheless, a careful design of bioreactor configuration and process conditions is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge H Santoyo-Garcia
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simone Dimartino
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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Guajardo N, Schrebler RA. Upstream and Downstream Bioprocessing in Enzyme Technology. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:38. [PMID: 38258049 PMCID: PMC10818583 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of biotransformation must integrate upstream and downstream processes. Upstream bioprocessing will influence downstream bioprocessing. It is essential to consider this because downstream processes can constitute the highest cost in bioprocessing. This review comprehensively overviews the most critical aspects of upstream and downstream bioprocessing in enzymatic biocatalysis. The main upstream processes discussed are enzyme production, enzyme immobilization methodologies, solvent selection, and statistical optimization methodologies. The main downstream processes reviewed in this work are biocatalyst recovery and product separation and purification. The correct selection and combination of upstream and downstream methodologies will allow the development of a sustainable and highly productive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Guajardo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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4
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Pastoors J, Baltin C, Bettmer J, Deitert A, Götzen T, Michel C, Deischter J, Schroll I, Biselli A, Palkovits R, Rose M, Jupke A, Büchs J. Respiration-based investigation of adsorbent-bioprocess compatibility. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:49. [PMID: 36934285 PMCID: PMC10024846 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficiency of downstream processes plays a crucial role in the transition from conventional petrochemical processes to sustainable biotechnological production routes. One promising candidate for product separation from fermentations with low energy demand and high selectivity is the adsorption of the target product on hydrophobic adsorbents. However, only limited knowledge exists about the interaction of these adsorbents and the bioprocess. The bioprocess could possibly be harmed by the release of inhibitory components from the adsorbent surface. Another possibility is co-adsorption of essential nutrients, especially in an in situ application, making these nutrients unavailable to the applied microorganism. RESULTS A test protocol investigating adsorbent-bioprocess compatibility was designed and applied on a variety of adsorbents. Inhibitor release and nutrient adsorption was studied in an isolated manner. Respiratory data recorded by a RAMOS device was used to assess the influence of the adsorbents on the cultivation in three different microbial systems for up to six different adsorbents per system. While no inhibitor release was detected in our investigations, adsorption of different essential nutrients was observed. CONCLUSION The application of adsorption for product recovery from the bioprocess was proven to be generally possible, but nutrient adsorption has to be assessed for each application individually. To account for nutrient adsorption, adsorptive product separation should only be applied after sufficient microbial growth. Moreover, concentrations of co-adsorbed nutrients need to be increased to compensate nutrient loss. The presented protocol enables an investigation of adsorbent-bioprocess compatibility with high-throughput and limited effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Pastoors
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chris Baltin
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Bettmer
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Deitert
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Götzen
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carina Michel
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jeff Deischter
- ITMC - Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabel Schroll
- Chemical Technology II, Department of Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Biselli
- AVT - Fluid Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- ITMC - Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus Rose
- Chemical Technology II, Department of Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- AVT - Fluid Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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5
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Keasling J, Garcia Martin H, Lee TS, Mukhopadhyay A, Singer SW, Sundstrom E. Microbial production of advanced biofuels. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:701-715. [PMID: 34172951 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over climate change have necessitated a rethinking of our transportation infrastructure. One possible alternative to carbon-polluting fossil fuels is biofuels produced by engineered microorganisms that use a renewable carbon source. Two biofuels, ethanol and biodiesel, have made inroads in displacing petroleum-based fuels, but their uptake has been limited by the amounts that can be used in conventional engines and by their cost. Advanced biofuels that mimic petroleum-based fuels are not limited by the amounts that can be used in existing transportation infrastructure but have had limited uptake due to costs. In this Review, we discuss engineering metabolic pathways to produce advanced biofuels, challenges with substrate and product toxicity with regard to host microorganisms and methods to engineer tolerance, and the use of functional genomics and machine learning approaches to produce advanced biofuels and prospects for reducing their costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA. .,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Center for Biosustainability, Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark. .,Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hector Garcia Martin
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,DOE Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, USA.,BCAM,Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Taek Soon Lee
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Steven W Singer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eric Sundstrom
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Emeryville, CA, USA
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6
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Combes J, Imatoukene N, Couvreur J, Godon B, Brunissen F, Fojcik C, Allais F, Lopez M. Intensification of p-coumaric acid heterologous production using extractive biphasic fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125436. [PMID: 34182346 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
p-coumaric acid (p-CA) can be produced from D-glucose by an engineered S. cerevisiae strain. p-CA has antimicrobial properties and retro-inhibition activity. Moreover, p-CA is a hydrophobic compound, limiting its accumulation in fermentation broth. To overcome these issues all at once, a liquid-liquid extraction in-situ product recovery process using oleyl alcohol as extractant has been implemented in order to continuously extract p-CA from the broth. Media and pH impacts on strain metabolism were assessed, highlighting p-CA decarboxylase endogenous activity. Biphasic fermentations allowed an increase in p-CA respiratory production rates at both pH assessed (13.65 and 9.45 mg L-1.h-1 at pH 6 and 4.5, respectively) compared to control ones (10.5 and 7.5 mg L-1.h-1 at pH 6 and 4.5, respectively). Biphasic fermentation effects on p-CA decarboxylation were studied showing that continuous removal of p-CA decreased its decarboxylation into 4-vinylphenol at pH 4.5 (57 mg L-1 in biphasic fermentation vs 173 mg L-1 in control one).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Combes
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle 51110, France
| | - Nabila Imatoukene
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle 51110, France
| | - Julien Couvreur
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle 51110, France
| | - Blandine Godon
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle 51110, France
| | - Fanny Brunissen
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle 51110, France
| | | | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle 51110, France
| | - Michel Lopez
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle 51110, France.
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7
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Wang D, Zhang J, Cao DD, Wang X, Wei D. Identification and in situ removal of an inhibitory intermediate to develop an efficient phytosterol bioconversion process using a cyclodextrin-resting cell system. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24787-24793. [PMID: 35481053 PMCID: PMC9037027 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02774c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A classically versatile steroid intermediate, 9α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (9α-OH-AD), can be obtained by phytosterol (PS) bioconversion using Mycobacterium. In this study, a cyclodextrin-resting cell reaction system with a high concentration of PS (50 g L-1) was used to produce 9α-OH-AD. However, the inhibitory effect of metabolic intermediates is a key factor limiting production efficiency. After the separation and identification of a series of metabolic intermediates, it was found that 4-ene-3-keto steroids, which are the first metabolites of sterol side-chain degradation, accumulated at the beginning of the bioprocess and had a remarkable inhibitory effect on bioconversion. The bioconversion rate was greatly improved when 5 g L-1 of macroporous adsorbent resin D101 was added to the reaction system in the initial phase. A certain amount of resin acted as a reservoir to remove the inhibitory intermediate in situ and facilitated the bioconversion process, and the 9α-OH-AD space-time yield increased to 8.51 g L-1 d-1, which was 23.15% higher than that without resin addition (6.91 g L-1 d-1) after 72 h bioconversion. In summary, we identified an inhibitory intermediate that limits the bioconversion rate and provided a solution based on resin adsorption for improving 9α-OH-AD production efficiency in a commercial-scale process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China +86-21-64250068 +86-21-64253715
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China +86-21-64250068 +86-21-64253715
| | - Dan-Dan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China +86-21-64250068 +86-21-64253715
| | - Xuedong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China +86-21-64250068 +86-21-64253715
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China +86-21-64250068 +86-21-64253715
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8
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Sadler JC, Wallace S. Microbial synthesis of vanillin from waste poly(ethylene terephthalate). GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2021; 23:4665-4672. [PMID: 34276250 PMCID: PMC8256426 DOI: 10.1039/d1gc00931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is an abundant and extremely useful material, with widespread applications across society. However, there is an urgent need to develop technologies to valorise post-consumer PET waste to tackle plastic pollution and move towards a circular economy. Whilst PET degradation and recycling technologies have been reported, examples focus on repurposing the resultant monomers to produce more PET or other second-generation materials. Herein, we report a novel pathway in engineered Escherichia coli for the direct upcycling of PET derived monomer terephthalic acid into the value-added small molecule vanillin, a flavour compound ubiquitous in the food and cosmetic industries, and an important bulk chemical. After process optimisation, 79% conversion to vanillin from TA was achieved, a 157-fold improvement over our initial conditions. Parameters such as temperature, cell permeabilisation and in situ product removal were key to maximising vanillin titres. Finally, we demonstrate the conversion of post-consumer PET from a plastic bottle into vanillin by coupling the pathway with enzyme-catalysed PET hydrolysis. This work demonstrates the first biological upcycling of post-consumer plastic waste into vanillin using an engineered microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C Sadler
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh Roger Land Building Alexander Crum Brown Road King's Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3FF UK
| | - Stephen Wallace
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh Roger Land Building Alexander Crum Brown Road King's Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3FF UK
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9
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Combes J, Clavijo Rivera E, Clément T, Fojcik C, Athès V, Moussa M, Allais F. Solvent selection strategy for an ISPR (In Situ/In stream product recovery) process: The case of microbial production of p-coumaric acid coupled with a liquid-liquid extraction. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Feasibility of packed columns for continuous cloud point extraction with subsequent product recovery. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Fellechner O, Smirnova I. Process design of a continuous biotransformation with in situ product removal by cloud point extraction. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Fellechner
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany
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12
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In Situ Product Recovery of Bio-Based Industrial Platform Chemicals: A Guideline to Solvent Selection. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In situ product recovery (ISPR), in the form of an extractive fermentation process, can increase productivity and product titers in the sustainable production of platform chemicals. To establish a guideline for the development of industrially relevant production processes for such bio-based compounds, a wide screening was performed, mapping the potential of an extensive range of solvents and solvent mixtures. Besides solvent biocompatibility with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, distribution coefficients of three organic acids (protocatechuic acid, adipic acid and para-aminobenzoic acid) and four fragrance compounds (2-phenylethanol, geraniol, trans-cinnamaldehyde and β-ionone) were determined. While for highly hydrophobic fragrance compounds, multiple pure solvents were identified that were able to extract more than 98%, reactive extraction mixtures were proven effective for more challenging compounds including organic acids and hydrophilic alcohols. For example, a reactive mixture consisting of 12.5% of the extractant CYTOP 503 in canola oil was found to be biocompatible and showed superior extraction efficiency for the challenging compounds as compared to any biocompatible single solvent. This mapping of biocompatible solvents and solvent mixtures for the extraction of various classes of industrial platform chemicals can be a tremendous step forward in the development of extractive fermentations.
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13
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Navale GR, Dharne MS, Shinde SS. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for isoprenoid production in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:457-475. [PMID: 33394155 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11040-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids, often called terpenoids, are the most abundant and highly diverse family of natural organic compounds. In plants, they play a distinct role in the form of photosynthetic pigments, hormones, electron carrier, structural components of membrane, and defence. Many isoprenoids have useful applications in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and chemical industries. They are synthesized by various isoprenoid synthase enzymes by several consecutive steps. Recent advancement in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology has enabled the production of these isoprenoids in the heterologous host systems like Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both heterologous systems have been engineered for large-scale production of value-added isoprenoids. This review article will provide the detailed description of various approaches used for engineering of methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) and mevalonate (MVA) pathway for synthesizing isoprene units (C5) and ultimate production of diverse isoprenoids. The review particularly highlighted the efforts taken for the production of C5-C20 isoprenoids by metabolic engineering techniques in E. coli and S. cerevisiae over a decade. The challenges and strategies are also discussed in detail for scale-up and engineering of isoprenoids in the heterologous host systems.Key points• Isoprenoids are beneficial and valuable natural products.• E. coli and S. cerevisiae are the promising host for isoprenoid biosynthesis.• Emerging techniques in synthetic biology enabled the improved production.• Need to expand the catalogue and scale-up of un-engineered isoprenoids. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for isoprenoid production in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda R Navale
- NCIM Resource Centre, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 001, India
| | - Mahesh S Dharne
- NCIM Resource Centre, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411 008, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 001, India.
| | - Sandip S Shinde
- NCIM Resource Centre, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411 008, India. .,Department Industrial and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Marathwada Campus, Jalna, 431213, India.
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14
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Aguilar F, Ekramzadeh K, Scheper T, Beutel S. Whole-Cell Production of Patchouli Oil Sesquiterpenes in Escherichia coli: Metabolic Engineering and Fermentation Optimization in Solid-Liquid Phase Partitioning Cultivation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32436-32446. [PMID: 33376881 PMCID: PMC7758989 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Patchouli oil is a major ingredient in perfumery, granting a dark-woody scent due to its main constituent (-)-patchoulol. The growing demand for patchouli oil has raised interest in the development of a biotechnological process to assure a reliable supply. Herein, we report the production of patchouli oil sesquiterpenes by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains, using solid-liquid phase partitioning cultivation. The (-)-patchoulol production was possible using the endogenous methylerythritol phosphate pathway and overexpressing a (-)-patchoulol synthase isoform from Pogostemon cablin but at low titers. To improve the (-)-patchoulol production, the exogenous mevalonate pathway was overexpressed in the multi-plasmid PTS + Mev strain, which increased the (-)-patchoulol titer 5-fold. Fermentation was improved further by evaluating several defined media, and optimizing the pH and temperature of culture broth, enhancing the (-)-patchoulol titer 3-fold. To augment the (-)-patchoulol recovery from fermentation, the solid-liquid phase partitioning cultivation was analyzed by screening polymeric adsorbers, where the Diaion HP20 adsorber demonstrated the highest (-)-patchoulol recovery from all tests. Fermentation was scaled-up to fed-batch bioreactors, reaching a (-)-patchoulol titer of 40.2 mg L-1 and productivity of 20.1 mg L-1 d-1. The terpene profile and aroma produced from the PTS + Mev strain were similar to the patchouli oil, comprising (-)-patchoulol as the main product, and α-bulnesene, trans-β-caryophyllene, β-patchoulene, and guaia-5,11-diene as side products. This investigation represents the first study of (-)-patchoulol production in E. coli by solid-liquid phase partitioning cultivation, which provides new insights for the development of sustainable bioprocesses for the microbial production of fragrant terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Aguilar
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kimia Ekramzadeh
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha Beutel
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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15
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Rogoskii I, Mushtruk M, Titova L, Snezhko O, Rogach S, Blesnyuk O, Rosamaha Y, Zubok T, Yeremenko O, Nadtochiy O. Engineering management of starter cultures in study of temperature of fermentation of sour-milk drink with apiproducts. POTRAVINARSTVO 2020. [DOI: 10.5219/1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The article considers the solution of problematic issues of engineering management of poly fermentation in the study of fermentation temperature of sour-milk drink with apiproducts. In the development of fermented dairy products, the components that are part of them, changes in their composition, and properties in the interconnection are considered as a technological system. The authors took into account that food technologies based on the use of the pure culture of one microorganism are limited by the capabilities of its fermentation system systems, the ultimate goal may not be achieved even by changing the conditions and parameters of cultivation. To successfully carry out fermentation processes in the technological system, a combination of cultures, associations of microorganisms with a wide range of fermentation products in contrast to one culture is promising to use. All experimental samples on a set of indicators prevailed control ones. The leader was a sample fermented with yeast with an equal ratio of cultures at a temperature of 38 – 40 °C. The authors found that the set of indicators of finished products for the production of sour-milk drinks with a complex of apiproducts, it is necessary to choose a three-strain poly fermentation product with a congruent ratio of cultures and set optimal fermentation regimes 39 ±1ºC for 5.0 ±0.3 hours.
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16
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Schwanemann T, Otto M, Wierckx N, Wynands B. Pseudomonasas Versatile Aromatics Cell Factory. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900569. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schwanemann
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, IBG‐1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Maike Otto
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, IBG‐1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, IBG‐1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Benedikt Wynands
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, IBG‐1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
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17
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Santos AG, de Albuquerque TL, Ribeiro BD, Coelho MAZ. In situ product recovery techniques aiming to obtain biotechnological products: A glance to current knowledge. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:1044-1057. [PMID: 32931049 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnology and bioengineering techniques have been widely used in the production of biofuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food additives, being considered a "green" form of production because they use renewable and nonpolluting energy sources. On the other hand, in the traditional processes of production, the target product obtained by biotechnological routes must undergo several stages of purification, which makes these processes more expensive. In the past few years, some works have focused on processes that integrate fermentation to the recovery and purification steps necessary to obtain the final product required. This type of process is called in situ product recovery or extractive fermentation. However, there are some differences in the concepts of the techniques used in these bioprocesses. In this way, this review sought to compile relevant content on considerations and procedures that are being used in this field, such as evaporation, liquid-liquid extraction, permeation, and adsorption techniques. Also, the objective of this review was to approach the different configurations in the recent literature of the processes employed and the main bioproducts obtained, which can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, chemical, and/or fuel additives industry. We intended to elucidate concepts of these techniques, considered very recent, but which emerge as a promising alternative for the integration of bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane G Santos
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago L de Albuquerque
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernardo D Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Z Coelho
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Impact of flocculant addition in oil recovery from multiphasic fermentations. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Dong Y, Li X, Duan J, Qin Y, Yang X, Ren J, Li G. Improving the Yield of Xenocoumacin 1 Enabled by In Situ Product Removal. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20391-20398. [PMID: 32832792 PMCID: PMC7439382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Xenocoumacin 1 (Xcn1), a major antimicrobial compound produced by Xenorhabdus nematophila CB6, has great potential to be developed into a novel biofungicide. However, its low yield in the producing cells has limited its possible commercial applications. In this study, we explored the effect of in situ product removal (ISPR), a well-established recovery technique, with the use of macroporous resin X-5 on the production of Xcn1 in a fermentation setting. Relative to the routine fermentation process, the yield of Xcn1 was improved from 42.5 to 73.8 μg/mL (1.7-fold) and 12.9 to 60.3 μg/mL (4.7-fold) in three and ten days, respectively. By agar diffusion plate and growth inhibition assays, the antibiotic activity against Bacillus subtilis and Alternaria solani was also found to be improved. Further study revealed that protection of Xcn1 against degradation and decrease in cell self-toxicity as well as upregulation of biosynthesis-related genes of Xcn1 at the transcription level contributed to yield improvement of Xcn1. In addition, resin X-5 significantly altered the metabolite profile of X. nematophila CB6, which could promote the discovery of new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Dong
- State
Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key
Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin)
for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute
of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic
of China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application,
State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong
Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy
of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State
Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key
Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin)
for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute
of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jiaqi Duan
- State
Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key
Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin)
for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute
of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Youcai Qin
- State
Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key
Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin)
for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute
of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xiufen Yang
- State
Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key
Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin)
for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute
of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jie Ren
- State
Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key
Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin)
for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute
of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Guangyue Li
- State
Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key
Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin)
for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute
of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic
of China
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20
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Lemos DA, Sonego JLS, Cruz AJG, Badino AC. Improvement of ethanol production by extractive fed-batch fermentation in a drop column bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:2295-2303. [PMID: 32743720 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of fed-batch extractive fermentation can overcome inhibitory effects caused by the substrate and ethanol to the yeast cells, since it allows regulate the substrate concentration and remove the product as it is produced. The present study describes the modelling and experimental validation of ethanol production in fed-batch extractive fermentation with in situ ethanol removal by oleic acid in a non-conventional drop column bioreactor (DCB) operated under industrial conditions. The model developed using the hybrid Andrews-Levenspiel equation and ethanol distribution coefficient parameter (KDE) provided an excellent description of the fed-batch extractive ethanol fermentation process with oleic acid. Furthermore, extractive fed-batch fermentation allowed the feed up to 306.6 kg m-3 of substrate (total reducing sugars), with total ethanol concentration in extractive fermentation in the ranging 100.3-139.8 kg m-3 (12.7-17.7 ºGL), 19.9-67.2% higher when compared with the conventional process without ethanol removal. Moreover, this process has the advantage of less effluent generated and energy consumption for ethanol recovery when compared to the conventional process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Lemos
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jorge L S Sonego
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Antonio J G Cruz
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Alberto C Badino
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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21
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Pei S, Ruan X, Liu J, Song W, Chen X, Luo Q, Liu L, Wu J. Enhancement of α-ketoisovalerate production by relieving the product inhibition of l-amino acid deaminase from Proteus mirabilis. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Moens E, Bolca S, Possemiers S, Verstraete W. A Wake-Up Call for the Efficient Use of the Bacterial Resting Cell Process, with Focus on Low Solubility Products. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1349-1362. [PMID: 32270205 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Micro-organisms are often subjected to stressful conditions. Owing to their capacity to adapt, they try to rapidly cope with the unfavorable conditions by lowering their growth rate, changing their morphology, and developing altered metabolite production and other stress-related metabolism. The stress-related metabolism of the cells which interrupted their growth is often referred to as resting metabolism and can be exploit for specific and high rate production of secondary metabolites. Although the bacterial resting cell process has been described decades ago, we find it worthwhile to bring the process under renewed attention and refer to this type of processes as non-growing metabolically active (NGMA) cell processes. Despite their use may sound counterproductive, NGMA cells can be of interest to increase substrate conversion rates or enable conversion of certain substrates, not accessible to growing cells due to their bacteriostatic nature or requirement of resistance to a multitude of different stress mechanisms. Biomass reuse is an interesting feature to improve the economics of NGMA cell processes. Yet, for lipophilic compounds or compounds with low solubility, biomass separation can be delicate. This review draws the attention on existing examples of NGMA cell processes, summarizing some developmental tools and highlighting drawbacks and opportunities, to answer the research question if NGMA cells can have a distinct added value in industry. Particular elaboration is made on a novel and more broadly applicable strategy to enable biomass reuse for conversions of compounds with low solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Moens
- ProDigest BVBA, Technol Pk 82, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Selin Bolca
- ProDigest BVBA, Technol Pk 82, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
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23
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The high-efficient production of phelligridin LA by Inonotus baumii with an integrated fermentation-separation process. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1141-1151. [PMID: 32078046 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The phelligridin LA was one of the valuable metabolites synthesized by the medicinal fungus Sanghuang in liquid fermentation. In the improvement of PLA productivity by fermentation, we investigated the optimal conditions for the efficient separation of PLA from the fermentation broth with a chromatographic column packed with the macroporous resin ADS-17. Based on the findings, we further developed an integrated bioreactor system that coupled the fermentation and separation of PLA. Fermentation experiments with the bioreactor system testified the performance of our design in fortification of the PLA production: an improvement of PLA production by 2.14 folds was successfully achieved due to the prompt removal of the PLA, while the formation of hyphae biomass was not affected. Also, the integrated system could afford a simultaneous purification of PLA to a purity of 92.95% with a recovery of 84.3%, which was comparable to that of the PLA purified with an additional process (97.53%), at a reasonable recovery. This study provided a feasible approach for the improved production of PLA by fermentation. Besides, the design of the integrated bioreactor system offered a useful reference for the fermentation process development of fungi for the production of diverse valuable metabolites.
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24
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Vincent RH, Parent JS, Daugulis AJ. Using poly(vinyldodecylimidazolium bromide) for the in-situ product recovery of n-butanol. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2926. [PMID: 31587514 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mitigation of end-product inhibition during the biosynthesis of n-butanol is demonstrated for an in-situ product recovery (ISPR) system employing a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) absorbent. The thermodynamic affinity of poly(vinyldodecylimidazolium bromide) [P(VC12 ImBr)] for n-butanol, acetone and ethanol versus water was measured at conditions experienced in a typical acetone-ethanol-butanol (ABE) fermentation. In addition to providing a high n-butanol partition coefficient (PC = 6.5) and selectivity (αBuOH/water = 46), P(VC12 ImBr) is shown to be biocompatible with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium acetobutylicum. Furthermore, the diffusivity of n-butanol in a hydrated PIL provides absorption rates that support ISPR applications. Using a 5 wt% PIL phase fraction relative to the aqueous phase mass, P(VC12 ImBr) improved the volumetric productivity of a batch ABE ISPR process by 31% relative to a control fermentation. The concentration of n-butanol in the P(VC12 ImBr) phase was sufficient to increase the alcohol concentration from 1.5 wt% in the fermentation medium to 25 wt% in the saturated PIL, thereby facilitating downstream n-butanol recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H Vincent
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Scott Parent
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew J Daugulis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Aguilar F, Scheper T, Beutel S. Improved Production and In Situ Recovery of Sesquiterpene (+)-Zizaene from Metabolically-Engineered E. coli. Molecules 2019; 24:E3356. [PMID: 31540161 PMCID: PMC6767195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The sesquiterpene (+)-zizaene is the direct precursor of khusimol, the main fragrant compound of the vetiver essential oil from Chrysopogon zizanioides and used in nearly 20% of men's fine perfumery. The biotechnological production of such fragrant sesquiterpenes is a promising alternative towards sustainability; nevertheless, product recovery from fermentation is one of the main constraints. In an effort to improve the (+)-zizaene recovery from a metabolically-engineered Escherichia coli, we developed an integrated bioprocess by coupling fermentation and (+)-zizaene recovery using adsorber extractants. Initially, (+)-zizaene volatilization was confirmed from cultivations with no extractants but application of liquid-liquid phase partitioning cultivation (LLPPC) improved (+)-zizaene recovery nearly 4-fold. Furthermore, solid-liquid phase partitioning cultivation (SLPPC) was evaluated by screening polymeric adsorbers, where Diaion HP20 reached the highest recovery. Bioprocess was scaled up to 2 L bioreactors and in situ recovery configurations integrated to fermentation were evaluated. External recovery configuration was performed with an expanded bed adsorption column and improved (+)-zizaene titers 2.5-fold higher than LLPPC. Moreover, internal recovery configuration (IRC) further enhanced the (+)-zizaene titers 2.2-fold, whereas adsorption velocity was determined as critical parameter for recovery efficiency. Consequently, IRC improved the (+)-zizaene titer 8.4-fold and productivity 3-fold from our last report, achieving a (+)-zizaene titer of 211.13 mg L-1 and productivity of 3.2 mg L-1 h-1. This study provides further knowledge for integration of terpene bioprocesses by in situ product recovery, which could be applied for many terpene studies towards the industrialization of fragrant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Aguilar
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sascha Beutel
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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26
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Fellechner O, Blatkiewicz M, Smirnova I. Reactive Separations for In Situ Product Removal of Enzymatic Reactions: A Review. CHEM-ING-TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Fellechner
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Eißendorfer Straße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Michał Blatkiewicz
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Eißendorfer Straße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Eißendorfer Straße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
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27
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Da Costa Basto RM, Casals MP, Mudde RF, van der Wielen LA, Cuellar MC. A mechanistic model for oil recovery in a region of high oil droplet concentration from multiphasic fermentations. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE: X 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2019.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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28
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Kolmar JF, Thum O, Baganz F. Improving Product Specificity of Whole-Cell Alkane Oxidation in Nonconventional Media: A Multivariate Analysis Approach. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800581. [PMID: 31231931 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two-liquid-phase reaction media have long been used in bioconversions to supply or remove hydrophobic organic reaction substrates and products to reduce inhibitory and toxic effects on biocatalysts. In case of the terminal oxyfunctionalization of linear alkanes by the AlkBGT monooxygenase the excess alkane substrate is often used as a second phase to extract the alcohol, aldehyde, and acid products. However, the selection of other carrier phases or surfactants is complex due to a large number of parameters that are involved, such as biocompatibility, substrate bioavailability, and product extraction selectivity. This study combines systematic high-throughput screening with chemometrics to correlate physicochemical parameters of a range of cosolvents to product specificity and yield using a multivariate regression model. Partial least-squares regression shows that the defining factor for product specificity is the solubility properties of the reaction substrate and product in the cosolvent, as measured by Hansen solubility parameters. Thus the polarity of cosolvents determines the accumulation of either alcohol or acid products. Whereas usually the acid product accumulates during the reaction, by choosing a more polar cosolvent the 1-alcohol product can be accumulated. Especially with Tergitol as a cosolvent, a 3.2-fold improvement in the 1-octanol yield to 18.3 mmol L-1 is achieved relative to the control reaction without cosolvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F Kolmar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Oliver Thum
- Evonik Creavis GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Straße 1, 45772, Marl, Germany
| | - Frank Baganz
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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29
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Advances in the Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for the Manufacture of Monoterpenes. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9050433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenes are commonly applied as pharmaceuticals and valuable chemicals in various areas. The bioproduction of valuable monoterpenes in prokaryotic microbial hosts, such as E. coli, has progressed considerably thanks to the development of different outstanding approaches. However, the large-scale production of monoterpenes still presents considerable limitations. Thus, process development warrants further investigations. This review discusses the endogenous methylerythritol-4-phosphate-dependent pathway engineering and the exogenous mevalonate-dependent isoprenoid pathway introduction, as well as the accompanied optimization of rate-limiting enzymes, metabolic flux, and product toxicity tolerance. We suggest further studies to focus on the development of systematical, integrational, and synthetic biological strategies in light of the inter disciplines at the cutting edge. Our review provides insights into the current advances of monoterpene bioengineering and serves as a reference for future studies to promote the industrial production of valuable monoterpenes.
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30
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Sprakel L, Schuur B. Solvent developments for liquid-liquid extraction of carboxylic acids in perspective. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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32
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Screening of organic solvents for bioprocesses using aqueous-organic two-phase systems. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1801-1814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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33
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Pedraza-de la Cuesta S, Keijzers L, van der Wielen LAM, Cuellar MC. Integration of Gas Enhanced Oil Recovery in Multiphase Fermentations for the Microbial Production of Fuels and Chemicals. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700478. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lore Keijzers
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology; van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Luuk A. M. van der Wielen
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology; van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick; Castletroy Limerick Ireland
- BE-Basic Foundation; Mijnbouwstraat 120 2628 RX Delft The Netherlands
| | - Maria C. Cuellar
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology; van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
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34
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Tomei MC, Mosca Angelucci D, Stazi V, Daugulis AJ. On the applicability of a hybrid bioreactor operated with polymeric tubing for the biological treatment of saline wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1056-1063. [PMID: 28511350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective biological treatment of high salt content wastewater requires consideration of both salt and organic toxicity. This study treated a synthetic saline wastewater containing NaCl (100gL-1) and 2,4-dimethylphenol (1.2gL-1) with a hybrid system consisting of a biological reactor containing spiral-coiled polymeric tubing through which the mixed feed was pumped. The tubing wall was permeable to the organic contaminant, but not to the salt, which allowed transfer of the organic into the cell-containing bioreactor contents for degradation, while not exposing the cells to high salt concentrations. Different grades of DuPont Hytrel polymer were examined on the basis of organic affinity predictions and experimental partition and mass transfer tests. Hytrel G3548 tubing showed the highest permeability for 2,4-dimethylphenol while exerting an effective salt barrier, and was used to verify the feasibility of the proposed system. Very high organic removal (99% after just 5h of treatment) and effective biodegradation of the organic fraction of the wastewater (>90% at the end of the test) were observed. Complete salt separation from the microbial culture was also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Concetta Tomei
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R., Via Salaria km 29.300, CP 10, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione (Rome), Italy.
| | - Domenica Mosca Angelucci
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R., Via Salaria km 29.300, CP 10, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione (Rome), Italy
| | - Valentina Stazi
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R., Via Salaria km 29.300, CP 10, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione (Rome), Italy
| | - Andrew J Daugulis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Ontario, Canada
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Lemos D, Sonego J, Boschiero M, Araujo E, Cruz A, Badino A. Selection and application of nontoxic solvents in extractive ethanol fermentation. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kolmar JF, Thum O, Baganz F. Customized microscale approach for optimizing two-phase bio-oxidations of alkanes with high reproducibility. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:174. [PMID: 29017530 PMCID: PMC5634833 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous challenges remain to achieve industrially competitive space–time yields for bio-oxidations. The ability to rapidly screen bioconversion reactions for characterization and optimization is of major importance in bioprocess development and biocatalyst selection; studies at conventional lab scale are time consuming and labor intensive with low experimental throughput. The direct ω-oxyfunctionalization of aliphatic alkanes in a regio- and chemoselective manner is efficiently catalyzed by monooxygenases such as the AlkBGT enzyme complex from Pseudomonas putida under mild conditions. However, the adoption of microscale tools for these highly volatile substrates has been hindered by excessive evaporation and material incompatibility. Results This study developed and validated a robust high-throughput microwell platform for whole-cell two-liquid phase bio-oxidations of highly volatile n-alkanes. Using microwell plates machined from polytetrafluoroethylene and a sealing clamp, highly reproducible results were achieved with no significant variability such as edge effects determined. A design of experiment approach using a response surface methodology was adopted to systematically characterize the system and identify non-limiting conditions for a whole cell bioconversion of dodecane. Using resting E. coli cells to control cell concentration and reducing the fill volume it is possible to operate in non-limiting conditions with respect to oxygen and glucose whilst achieving relevant total product yields (combining 1-dodecanol, dodecanal and dodecanoic acid) of up to 1.5 mmol gDCW−1. Conclusions Overall, the developed microwell plate greatly improves experimental throughput, accelerating the screening procedures specifically for biocatalytic processes in non-conventional media. Its simplicity, robustness and standardization ensure high reliability of results. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0788-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F Kolmar
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Oliver Thum
- Evonik Creavis GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Straße 1, 45772, Marl, Germany
| | - Frank Baganz
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK.
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Volmer J, Schmid A, Bühler B. The application of constitutively solvent-tolerantP. taiwanensisVLB120ΔCΔttgVfor stereospecific epoxidation of toxic styrene alleviates carrier solvent use. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Volmer
- Chair for Bioprocess engineering; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department Solar Materials; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department Solar Materials; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
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Królikowski M, Pachla J, Ramjugernath D, Naidoo P, Domańska U. Extraction of 2-phenylethanol (PEA) from aqueous phases using tetracyanoborate-based ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cai D, Hu S, Chen C, Wang Y, Zhang C, Miao Q, Qin P, Tan T. Immobilized ethanol fermentation coupled to pervaporation with silicalite-1/polydimethylsiloxane/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membrane. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:124-131. [PMID: 27569576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel silicalite-1/polydimethylsiloxane/polyvinylidene fluoride hybrid membrane was used in ethanol fermentation-pervaporation integration process. The sweet sorghum bagasse was used as the immobilized carrier. Compared with the conventional suspend cells system, the immobilized fermentation system could provide higher ethanol productivity when coupled with pervaporation. In the long-term of operations, the ethanol productivity, separation factor, total flux and permeate ethanol concentration in the fed-batch fermentation-pervaporation integration scenario were 1.6g/Lh, 8.2-9.9, 319-416g/m(2)h and 426.9-597.2g/L, respectively. Correspondingly, 1.6g/Lh, 7.8-9.8, 227.8-395g/m(2)h and 410.9-608.1g/L were achieved in the continuous fermentation-pervaporation integration scenario, respectively. The results indicated that the integration process could greatly improve the ethanol production and separation performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cai
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Song Hu
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Changjing Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Qi Miao
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Peiyong Qin
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Staggs KW, Nielsen DR. Improving n-butanol production in batch and semi-continuous processes through integrated product recovery. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Harris J, Daugulis AJ. Biocompatibility of low molecular weight polymers for two-phase partitioning bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:2450-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Harris
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; 19 Division St. Kingston; Kingston K7L 3N6 Ontario Canada
| | - Andrew J. Daugulis
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; 19 Division St. Kingston; Kingston K7L 3N6 Ontario Canada
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Royce LA, Yoon JM, Chen Y, Rickenbach E, Shanks JV, Jarboe LR. Evolution for exogenous octanoic acid tolerance improves carboxylic acid production and membrane integrity. Metab Eng 2015; 29:180-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Guidelines for development and implementation of biocatalytic P450 processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2465-83. [PMID: 25652652 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic reactions performed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are interesting in pharmaceutical research since they are involved in human drug metabolism. Furthermore, they are potentially interesting as biocatalysts for synthetic chemistry because of the exquisite selectivity of the chemistry they undertake. For example, selective hydroxylation can be undertaken on a highly functionalized molecule without the need for functional group protection. Recent progress in the discovery of novel P450s as well as protein engineering of these enzymes strongly encourages further development of their application, including use in synthetic processes. The biological characteristics of P450s (e.g., cofactor dependence) motivate the use of whole-cell systems for synthetic processes, and those processes implemented in industry are so far dominated by growing cells and native host systems. However, for an economically feasible process, the expression of P450 systems in a heterologous host with sufficient biocatalyst yield (g/g cdw) for non-growing systems or space-time yield (g/L/h) for growing systems remains a major challenge. This review summarizes the opportunities to improve P450 whole-cell processes and strategies in order to apply and implement them in industrial processes, both from a biological and process perspective. Indeed, a combined approach of host selection and cell engineering, integrated with process engineering, is suggested as the most effective route to implementation.
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Vuoristo KS, Mars AE, Sangra JV, Springer J, Eggink G, Sanders JPM, Weusthuis RA. Metabolic engineering of itaconate production in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:221-8. [PMID: 25277412 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interest in sustainable development has led to efforts to replace petrochemical-based monomers with biomass-based ones. Itaconic acid, a C5-dicarboxylic acid, is a potential monomer for the chemical industry with many prospective applications. cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CadA) is the key enzyme of itaconate production, converting the citric acid cycle intermediate cis-aconitate into itaconate. Heterologous expression of cadA from Aspergillus terreus in Escherichia coli resulted in low CadA activities and production of trace amounts of itaconate on Luria-Bertani (LB) medium (<10 mg/L). CadA was primarily present as inclusion bodies, explaining the low activity. The activity was significantly improved by using lower cultivation temperatures and mineral medium, and this resulted in enhanced itaconate titres (240 mg/L). The itaconate titre was further increased by introducing citrate synthase and aconitase from Corynebacterium glutamicum and by deleting the genes encoding phosphate acetyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. These deletions in E. coli's central metabolism resulted in the accumulation of pyruvate, which is a precursor for itaconate biosynthesis. As a result, itaconate production in aerobic bioreactor cultures was increased up to 690 mg/L. The maximum yield obtained was 0.09 mol itaconate/mol glucose. Strategies for a further improvement of itaconate production are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiira S Vuoristo
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
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McKenna R, Moya L, McDaniel M, Nielsen DR. Comparing in situ removal strategies for improving styrene bioproduction. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:165-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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