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Chen Z, Fei K, Hu Y, Xu X, Gao XD, Li Z. Identification of a Novel Alditol Oxidase from Thermopolyspora flexuosa with Potential Application in D-Glyceric Acid Production. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:804-813. [PMID: 35129810 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol is a potential sustainable feedstock, and biorefining processes to convert glycerol into value-added chemicals have been developed over the past decade. Alditol oxidase (AldO) is capable of selectively oxidizing the primary hydroxyl groups of alditols such as glycerol. In this study, a new FAD-binding protein from Thermopolyspora flexuosa was expressed and identified as a novel alditol oxidase (AldOT. fle). AldOT. fle displayed the optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 25 °C. AldOT. fle was not metal-dependent, but the activity was completely inhibited by Fe3+. AldOT. fle had a wide substrate specificity and high catalytic efficiency for glycerol. Furthermore, the recombinant AldOT. fle could produce D-glyceric acid from glycerol with a conversion rate ranging from 86.6% (5 mM glycerol) to 20.5% (500 mM glycerol). The recombinant E. coli with AldOT. fle could also produce 23.8 mM D-glyceric acid from 100 mM glycerol. The recombinant AldOT. fle had the potential to produce other aldehyde products by selectively oxidizing the hydroxyl groups of alditols and many other commodity chemicals by redesigning glycerol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Kangqing Fei
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yangfan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Zaozhuang Jienuo Enzyme Co., Ltd, Zaozhuang, 277100, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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2
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Adachi T, Sowa K, Kitazumi Y, Shirai O, Kano K. Cyanide sensitivity in direct electron transfer-type bioelectrocatalysis by membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter oxydans. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 143:107992. [PMID: 34773823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
An overexpression system of membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Gluconobacter oxydans was constructed to examine its bioelectrocatalytic characteristics. The effects of cyanide (CN-) addition on the kinetics of direct electron transfer (DET)-type bioelectrocatalysis by ADH were analyzed. CN- enhanced the bioelectrocatalytic activity, while the catalytic activity in the solution remained unchanged, even in the presence of CN-. Electrochemical methods and electron spin resonance spectroscopy showed the detailed electron transfer pathway in the DET-type bioelectrocatalysis by ADH. Briefly, ADH is suggested to communicate with an electrode via a CN--insensitive and H+-sensitive heme c in DET. These characteristics of ADH with respect to CN- suggest the involvement of ADH in CN--insensitive respiration in G. oxydans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Adachi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keisei Sowa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitazumi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Osamu Shirai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Kano
- Office of Society Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Ripoll M, Jackson E, Trelles JA, Betancor L. Dihydroxyacetone production via heterogeneous biotransformations of crude glycerol. J Biotechnol 2021; 340:102-109. [PMID: 34454960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, several immobilization strategies for Gluconobacter oxydans NBRC 14819 (Gox) were tested in the bioconversion of crude glycerol to dihydroxyacetone (DHA). Agar, agarose and polyacrylamide were evaluated as immobilization matrixes. Glutaraldehyde crosslinked versions of the agar and agarose preparations were also tested. Agar immobilized Gox proved to be the best heterogeneous biocatalyst in the bioconversion of crude glycerol reaching a quantitative production of 50 g/L glycerol into DHA solely in water. Immobilization allowed reutilization for at least eight cycles, reaching four times more DHA than the amount obtained by a single batch of free cells which cannot be reutilized. An increase in scale of 34 times had no impact on DHA productivity. The results obtained herein constitute a contribution to the microbiological production of DHA as they not only attain unprecedented productivities for the reaction with immobilized biocatalysts but also proved that it is feasible to do it in a clean background of solely water that alleviates the cost of downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ripoll
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay; Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Erienne Jackson
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jorge A Trelles
- Laboratory of Sustainable Biotechnology (LIBioS), National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB CABA, Argentina
| | - Lorena Betancor
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Habe H, Sato Y, Tani H, Matsutani M, Tanioka K, Theeragool G, Matsushita K, Yakushi T. Heterologous expression of membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase-encoding genes for glyceric acid production using Gluconobacter sp. CHM43 and its derivatives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6749-6758. [PMID: 34453563 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to D-glyceric acid (D-GA) production with 99% enantiomeric excess (ee) by Acetobacter tropicalis NBRC 16470, Gluconobacter sp. CHM43 produced 19.6 g L-1 of D-GA with 73.7% ee over 4 days of incubation in flask culture. To investigate the reason for this enantiomeric composition of GA, the genes encoding membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (mADH) of A. tropicalis NBRC 16470, composed of three subunits (adhA, adhB, and adhS), were cloned using the broad-host-range vector pBBR1MCS-2 and heterologously expressed in Gluconobacter sp. CHM43 and its ΔadhAB ΔsldBA derivative TORI4. Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that adhABS genes from A. tropicalis were expressed in TORI4 transformants, and their membrane fraction exhibited mADH activities of 0.13 and 0.31 U/mg with or without AdhS, respectively. Compared with the GA production of TORI4-harboring pBBR1MCS-2 (1.23 g L-1), TORI4 transformants expressing adhABS and adhAB showed elevated GA production of 2.46 and 3.67 g L-1, respectively, suggesting a negative effect of adhS gene expression on GA production as well as mADH activity in TORI4. Although TORI4 was found to produce primarily L-GA with 42.5% ee, TORI4 transformants expressing adhABS and adhAB produced D-GA with 27.6% and 49.0% ee, respectively, demonstrating that mADH of A. tropicalis causes a sharp increase in the enantiomeric composition of D-GA. These results suggest that one reason for D-GA production with 73.7% ee in Gluconobacter spp. might be a property of the host, which possibly produces L-GA intracellularly. KEY POINTS: • Membrane-bound ADH from Acetobacter tropicalis showed activity in Gluconobacter sp. • D-GA production from glycerol was performed using recombinant Gluconobacter sp. • Enantiomeric excess of D-GA was affected by both membrane and intracellular ADHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Habe
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Yuya Sato
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Hidenori Tani
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Minenosuke Matsutani
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tanioka
- Joint Degree Program of Kasetsart University and Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Gunjana Theeragool
- Joint Degree Program of Kasetsart University and Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kazunobu Matsushita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yakushi
- Joint Degree Program of Kasetsart University and Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan. .,Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
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Fricke PM, Klemm A, Bott M, Polen T. On the way toward regulatable expression systems in acetic acid bacteria: target gene expression and use cases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3423-3456. [PMID: 33856535 PMCID: PMC8102297 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are valuable biocatalysts for which there is growing interest in understanding their basics including physiology and biochemistry. This is accompanied by growing demands for metabolic engineering of AAB to take advantage of their properties and to improve their biomanufacturing efficiencies. Controlled expression of target genes is key to fundamental and applied microbiological research. In order to get an overview of expression systems and their applications in AAB, we carried out a comprehensive literature search using the Web of Science Core Collection database. The Acetobacteraceae family currently comprises 49 genera. We found overall 6097 publications related to one or more AAB genera since 1973, when the first successful recombinant DNA experiments in Escherichia coli have been published. The use of plasmids in AAB began in 1985 and till today was reported for only nine out of the 49 AAB genera currently described. We found at least five major expression plasmid lineages and a multitude of further expression plasmids, almost all enabling only constitutive target gene expression. Only recently, two regulatable expression systems became available for AAB, an N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-inducible system for Komagataeibacter rhaeticus and an L-arabinose-inducible system for Gluconobacter oxydans. Thus, after 35 years of constitutive target gene expression in AAB, we now have the first regulatable expression systems for AAB in hand and further regulatable expression systems for AAB can be expected. KEY POINTS: • Literature search revealed developments and usage of expression systems in AAB. • Only recently 2 regulatable plasmid systems became available for only 2 AAB genera. • Further regulatable expression systems for AAB are in sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Moritz Fricke
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Angelika Klemm
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tino Polen
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Glutamate addition improves the activity of membrane-bound sorbitol dehydrogenase in a pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent manner: A feasible strategy for the cost-effective fermentation of Gluconobacter oxydans. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ke X, Pan-Hong Y, Hu ZC, Chen L, Sun XQ, Zheng YG. Synergistic improvement of PQQ-dependent D-sorbitol dehydrogenase activity from Gluconobacter oxydans for the biosynthesis of miglitol precursor 6-(N-hydroxyethyl)-amino-6-deoxy-α-L-sorbofuranose. J Biotechnol 2019; 300:55-62. [PMID: 31100333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
6-(N-hydroxyethyl) amino-6-deoxy-l-sorbofuranose (6NSL) is the direct precursor of miglitol for diabetes therapy. The regio- and stereo-selective dehydrogenation offered by the membrane-bound d-sorbitol dehydrogenase (mSLDH) from Gluconobacter oxydans provides an elegant enzymatic method for 6NSL production. In this study, two subunits sldA and sldB of mSLDH were introduced into G. oxydans ZJB-605, and the specific enzyme activity of mSLDH towards NHEG was enhanced by 2.15-fold. However, the endogenous PQQ level was dramatically reduced in the recombinant strain and became a bottleneck to support the holo-enzyme activity. A combined supplementation of four amino acids (Glu, Ile, Ser, Arg) involved in biosynthesis of PQQ in conventional media effectively increased extracellular accumulation of PQQ by 1.49-fold, which further enhanced mSLDH activity by 1.33-fold. The synergic improvement of mSLDH activity provided in this study supports the superior high dehydrogenate activity towards substrate N-2-hydroxyethyl-glucamine, 184.28 g·L-1 of 6NSL was produced after a repeated bioconversion process catalyzed by the resting cells of G. oxydans/pBB-sldAB, all of which presenting a great potential of their industrial application in 6NSL biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ke
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Yu Pan-Hong
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Zhong-Ce Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Zhejiang Medicine CO., LTD. Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312500, PR China
| | - Xin-Qiang Sun
- Zhejiang Medicine CO., LTD. Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312500, PR China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China.
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Biosynthesis of miglitol intermediate 6-( N-hydroxyethyl)-amino-6-deoxy-α-l-sorbofuranose by an improved d-sorbitol dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter oxydans. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:231. [PMID: 29719773 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptable exploitation of the catalytic potential of membrane-bound d-sorbitol dehydrogenase (mSLDH) from Gluconobacter oxydans is desperately needed in the industrial-scale production of miglitol. In the present study, a carbonyl group-dependent colorimetric quantification method was developed for the assay of miglitol key intermediate 6-(N-hydroxyethyl)-amino-6-deoxy-α-l-sorbofuranose (6NSL), and a high-throughput screening process of positive mutants was processed. Combined with several rounds of ultraviolet irradiation mutagenesis and screening procedure, a positive mutant strain G. oxydans ZJB16009 was obtained with significant increase in mSLDH catalytic activity by 1.5-fold, which exhibited an extremely accelerated uptake rate of d-sorbitol, and the fermentation time was significantly shortened from 22 to 11 h. In a 5-L biotransformation system, 60 g/L substrate N-2-hydroxyethyl glucamine (NHEG) was catalyzed by the resting cells of the mutant strain within 36 h and accumulated 53.6 g/L 6NSL, showing a 33.6% increase in the product yield. Therefore, it was indicated that the established high-throughput screening method could provide a highly efficient platform for the breading of G. oxydans strain for the industrial biosynthesis of miglitol intermediate 6NSL.
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Dikshit PK, Kharmawlong GJ, Moholkar VS. Investigations in sonication-induced intensification of crude glycerol fermentation to dihydroxyacetone by free and immobilized Gluconobacter oxydans. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:302-311. [PMID: 29455098 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study reports crude glycerol fermentation by G. oxydans for dihydroxyacetone (DHA) production, and intensification of fermentation with sonication. Fermentation was carried out using both free and immobilized cells (on polyurethane foam support) for initial glycerol concentrations of 20, 30 and 50 g/L. Sonication at 20% duty cycle enhanced glycerol consumption by 60-84% with no significant change in cell morphology. Lesser DHA yield in crude glycerol fermentation was attributed to possible formation of inhibitory products. Slight reduction in DHA yield for initial glycerol concentration of 50 g/L was attributed to substrate inhibition. Higher DHA productivity was obtained for immobilized cells. Circular dichroism analysis of intracellular proteins obtained from ultrasound-treated G. oxydans revealed significant reduction in α-helix and β-sheet content. These conformational changes in protein structure could augment activity of intracellular glycerol dehydrogenase, which is manifested in terms of enhanced metabolism of glycerol by G. oxydans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kumar Dikshit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Gracel Joe Kharmawlong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Tiruchirapalli 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayanand S Moholkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India.
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