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Abdollahi M, Al Sbei S, Rosenbaum MA, Harnisch F. The oxygen dilemma: The challenge of the anode reaction for microbial electrosynthesis from CO2. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:947550. [PMID: 35992647 PMCID: PMC9381829 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.947550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) from CO2 provides chemicals and fuels by driving the metabolism of microorganisms with electrons from cathodes in bioelectrochemical systems. These microorganisms are usually strictly anaerobic. At the same time, the anode reaction of bioelectrochemical systems is almost exclusively water splitting through the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This creates a dilemma for MES development and engineering. Oxygen penetration to the cathode has to be excluded to avoid toxicity and efficiency losses while assuring low resistance. We show that this dilemma derives a strong need to identify novel reactor designs when using the OER as an anode reaction or to fully replace OER with alternative oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Abdollahi
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sara Al Sbei
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Miriam A. Rosenbaum
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Harnisch
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Falk Harnisch,
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2
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Ask M, Stocks SM. Aerobic bioreactors: condensers, evaporation rates, scale-up and scale-down. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:813-822. [PMID: 35650455 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hydrodynamics, mixing and shear are terms often used when explaining or modelling scale differences, but other scale differences, such as evaporation, can arise from non-hydrodynamic factors that can be managed with some awareness and effort. RESULTS We present an engineering approach to the prediction of evaporation rates in bioreactors based on gH2O/Nm3 of air entering and leaving the bioreactor and confirm its usefulness in a 28-run design of experiments investigating the effects of aeration rate (0.02 to 2.0 VVM), condenser temperature (10 to 20 °C), fill (2.5 to 5 kg), broth temperature (25 to 40 °C) and agitator speed (25 to 800 rpm). Aeration rate and condenser temperature used in the engineering prediction provided a practically useful estimate of evaporation; the other factors, while statistically identified as having some influence, were of negligible practical usefulness. Evaporation rates were never found to be zero, and could be at least 10% different to those expected at scale. CONCLUSIONS An assessment of evaporation rates for any project is encouraged, and it is recommended that the effects are accounted for by measurements, modelling or by tuning the exhaust cooling device temperature to minimize scale differences.
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Schneider S, Bubeck M, Rogal J, Weener HJ, Rojas C, Weiss M, Heymann M, van der Meer AD, Loskill P. Peristaltic on-chip pump for tunable media circulation and whole blood perfusion in PDMS-free organ-on-chip and Organ-Disc systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3963-3978. [PMID: 34636813 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00494h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OoC) systems have become a promising tool for personalized medicine and drug development with advantages over conventional animal models and cell assays. However, the utility of OoCs in industrial settings is still limited, as external pumps and tubing for on-chip fluid transport are dependent on error-prone, manual handling. Here, we present an on-chip pump for OoC and Organ-Disc systems, to perfuse media without external pumps or tubing. Peristaltic pumping is implemented through periodic compression of a flexible pump layer. The disc-shaped, microfluidic module contains four independent systems, each lined with endothelial cells cultured under defined, peristaltic perfusion. Both cell viability and functionality were maintained over several days shown by supernatant analysis and immunostaining. Integrated, on-disc perfusion was further used for cytokine-induced cell activation with physiologic cell responses and for whole blood perfusion assays, both demonstrating the versatility of our system for OoC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marvin Bubeck
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Rogal
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Huub J Weener
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cristhian Rojas
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Martin Weiss
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Heymann
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Peter Loskill
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- 3R-Center for in vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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D'ambrosio S, Ventrone M, Alfano A, Schiraldi C, Cimini D. Microbioreactor (micro-Matrix) potential in aerobic and anaerobic conditions with different industrially relevant microbial strains. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3184. [PMID: 34180150 PMCID: PMC8596446 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microscale fermentation systems are important high throughput tools in clone selection, and bioprocess set up and optimization, since they provide several parallel experiments in controlled conditions of pH, temperature, agitation, and gas flow rate. In this work we evaluated the performance of biotechnologically relevant strains with different respiratory requirements in the micro‐Matrix microbioreactor. In particular Escherichia coli K4 requires well aerated fermentation conditions to improve its native production of chondroitin‐like capsular polysaccharide, a biomedically attractive polymer. Results from batch and fed‐batch experiments demonstrated high reproducibility with those obtained on 2 L reactors, although highlighting a pronounced volume loss for longer‐term experiments. Basfia succiniciproducens and Actinobacillus succinogenes need CO2 addition for the production of succinic acid, a building block with several industrial applications. Different CO2 supply modes were tested for the two strains in 24 h batch experiments and results well compared with those obtained on lab‐scale bioreactors. Overall, it was demonstrated that the micro‐Matrix is a useful scale‐down tool that is suitable for growing metabolically different strains in simple batch process, however, a series of issues should still be addressed in order to fully exploit its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D'ambrosio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Hystology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Ventrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Hystology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Alfano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Hystology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Hystology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Hystology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
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5
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Dauer K, Pfeiffer-Marek S, Kamm W, Wagner KG. Microwell Plate-Based Dynamic Light Scattering as a High-Throughput Characterization Tool in Biopharmaceutical Development. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020172. [PMID: 33514069 PMCID: PMC7911513 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput light scattering instruments are widely used in screening of biopharmaceutical formulations and can be easily incorporated into processes by utilizing multi-well plate formats. High-throughput plate readers are helpful tools to assess the aggregation tendency and colloidal stability of biological drug candidates based on the diffusion self-interaction parameter (kD). However, plate readers evoke issues about the precision and variability of determined data. In this article, we report about the statistical evaluation of intra- and inter-plate variability (384-well plates) for the kD analysis of protein and peptide solutions. ANOVA revealed no significant differences between the runs. In conclusion, the reliability and precision of kD was dependent on the plate position of the sample replicates and kD value. Positive kD values (57.0 mL/g, coefficients of variation (CV) 8.9%) showed a lower variability compared to negative kD values (−14.8 mL/g, CV 13.4%). The variability of kD was not reduced using more data points (120 vs. 30). A kD analysis exclusively based on center wells showed a lower CV (<2%) compared to edge wells (5–12%) or a combination of edge and center wells (2–5%). We present plate designs for kD analysis within the early formulation development, screening up to 20 formulations consuming less than 50 mg of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
- Tides Drug Product Pre-Development Sciences, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industrial Park Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.P.-M.); (W.K.)
| | - Stefania Pfeiffer-Marek
- Tides Drug Product Pre-Development Sciences, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industrial Park Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.P.-M.); (W.K.)
| | - Walter Kamm
- Tides Drug Product Pre-Development Sciences, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industrial Park Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.P.-M.); (W.K.)
| | - Karl G. Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Vadivelu R, Kashaninejad N, Nikmaneshi MR, Khadim RR, Salehi SS, Ramulu NC, Sakai Y, Nishikawa M, Firoozabadi B, Nguyen N. Sessile Liquid Marbles with Embedded Hydrogels as Bioreactors for Three‐Dimensional Cell Culture. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Vadivelu
- Queensland Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Centre Nathan Campus Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Brisbane QLD 4111 Australia
- Department of Chemical System Engineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113‐8656 Japan
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Centre Nathan Campus Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Brisbane QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Nikmaneshi
- Cancer Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran 11365–11155 Iran
| | - Rubina Rahaman Khadim
- Department of Chemical System Engineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113‐8656 Japan
| | - Seyedeh Sarah Salehi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran 11365–11155 Iran
| | - Naveen Chintala Ramulu
- Griffith Sciences Nathan Campus Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Brisbane QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113‐8656 Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113‐8656 Japan
| | - Bahar Firoozabadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran 11365–11155 Iran
| | - Nam‐Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Centre Nathan Campus Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Brisbane QLD 4111 Australia
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Liu C. [Clinical efficacy of proton pump inhibitor combined with ranitidine in the treatment of throat reflux]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2020; 34:710-712;718. [PMID: 32842203 PMCID: PMC10127920 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of proton pump inhibitor combined with ranitidine on patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux. Method:Seventy patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux diagnosed in our hospital were randomly divided into group A and group B according to admission time. The difference of B symptom index, reflux symptom scale, sleep breathing test, quality of life and well-being score between the two groups were detected. Result:Before treatment, the RSI index, RFS similarity and QOLS and MUNSH scores were similar (P>0.05). After four weeks of treatment, the group B score was 3.3±1.2, the group A score was 8.2±3.5, and the group B score was significantly lower. The RFS score of group A (6.2±2.3) was higher than that of group B (2.1±1.9, P<0.05). The scores of QOLS and MUNSH in group B were (67.57±7.26) and (23.99±3.44), respectively. The scores of QOLS and MUNSH in group A (50.13±10.19) and (12.21±1.47), respectively. The results of the two groups were significantly different (P<0.05). After treatment, the RSI index, RFS score, QOLS and MUNSH scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment. (P<0.05). As for the sleep respiration monitoring (PSG) results, after 4-week treatment, compared with the group A, the total sleep time of the group B was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the number of wakefulness and wakefulness was significantly decreased. The duration of Ⅲ+Ⅳ sleep was also significantly increased, and the proportion of REM sleep time and AHI was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion:Proton pump inhibitor combined with ranitidine is more effective and safer than single drug treatment, and can significantly improve the throat reflux symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Shaoxing Central Hospital,Shaoxing,312030,China
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Wiegmann V, Martinez CB, Baganz F. Using a Parallel Micro-Cultivation System (Micro-Matrix) as a Process Development Tool for Cell Culture Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2095:69-81. [PMID: 31858463 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0191-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Micro-bioreactors appear frequently in today's biotechnology industry as screening and process development tools for cell culture applications. The micro-bioreactor's small volume allows for a high throughput, and when compared to other small-scale systems, such as microtiter plates, its measurement and control capabilities offer a much better insight into the bioprocess. Applikon's micro-Matrix is one of the micro-bioreactors that are commercially available today. The micro-Matrix system consists of shaken disposable 24 deep square well plates in which each well is controlled individually for pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature. Additionally, a feeding module supports automated additions of liquid to each well. This chapter describes how the micro-Matrix can be used for fed-batch cultivations of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Wiegmann
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Frank Baganz
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
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9
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Microbioreactors for Process Development and Cell-Based Screening Studies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 179:67-100. [PMID: 32712680 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbioreactors (MBRs) have emerged as potent cultivation devices enabling automated small-scale experiments in parallel while enhancing their cost efficiency. The widespread use of MBRs has contributed to recent advances in industrial and pharmaceutical biotechnology, and they have proved to be indispensable tools in the development of many modern bioprocesses. Being predominantly applied in early stage process development, they open up new fields of research and enhance the efficacy of biotechnological product development. Their reduced reaction volume is associated with numerous inherent advantages - particularly the possibility for enabling parallel screening operations that facilitate high-throughput cultivations with reduced sample consumption (or the use of rare and expensive educts). As a result, multiple variables can be examined in a shorter time and with a lower expense. This leads to a simultaneous acceleration of research and process development along with decreased costs.MBRs range from simple miniaturized cultivations vessels (i.e., in the milliliter scale with limited possibilities for process control) to highly complex and automated small-scale microreactors with integrated sensors that allow for comprehensive screenings in very short time or a precise reflection of large-scale cultivation conditions. Progressive developments and improvements in manufacturing and automation techniques are already helping researchers to make use of the advantages that MBRs offer. This overview of current MBR systems surveys the diverse application for microbial and mammalian cell cultivations that have been developed in recent years.
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Towards the development of automated fed-batch cell culture processes at microscale. Biotechniques 2019; 67:238-241. [DOI: 10.2144/btn-2019-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the impact of various feeding strategies on the growth and productivity of a GS-CHO cell line. Methods: Feed additions were conducted at fixed volumes or linked to a marker such as cell growth or metabolism and added as bolus or near-continuously using the automated feeding module of the micro-Matrix (Applikon). Results: The selected feeding regimens supported maximum viable cell densities of up to 1.9 × 107 cells ml−1 and final titers of up to 1.13 g l−1. Differences in growth and titer between feeding strategies were insignificant, with the exception of one feeding strategy. Conclusion: As the more complex feeding strategies did not create an advantage, the selection of a simple feeding strategy such as bolus or continuous addition of feed medium is preferred.
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Tajsoleiman T, Mears L, Krühne U, Gernaey KV, Cornelissen S. An Industrial Perspective on Scale-Down Challenges Using Miniaturized Bioreactors. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:697-706. [PMID: 30737008 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized stirred bioreactors (MSBRs) are gaining popularity as a cost-effective approach to scale-down experimentation. However, realizing conditions that reflect the large-scale process accurately can be challenging. This article highlights common challenges of using MSBRs for scale-down. The fundamental difference between oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa) and oxygen transfer rate scaling is addressed and the difficulty of achieving turbulent flow and industrially relevant tip speeds is described. More practical challenges of using MSBR systems for scale-down are also discussed, including the risk of vortex formation, changed volume dynamics, and wall growth. By highlighting these challenges, the article aims to create more awareness of these difficulties and to contribute to improved design of scale-down experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Tajsoleiman
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lisa Mears
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Krühne
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Krist V Gernaey
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. https://twitter.com/@KristGernaey
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