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Mann M, Hüser A, Schick B, Dinger R, Miebach K, Büchs J. Online monitoring of gas transfer rates during CO and CO/H 2 gas fermentation in quasi-continuously ventilated shake flasks. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2092-2104. [PMID: 33620084 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Syngas fermentation is a potential player for future emission reduction. The first demonstration and commercial plants have been successfully established. However, due to its novelty, development of syngas fermentation processes is still in its infancy, and the need to systematically unravel and understand further phenomena, such as substrate toxicity as well as gas transfer and uptake rates, still persists. This study describes a new online monitoring device based on the respiration activity monitoring system for cultivation of syngas fermenting microorganisms with gaseous substrates. The new device is designed to online monitor the carbon dioxide transfer rate (CO2 TR) and the gross gas transfer rate during cultivation. Online measured data are used for the calculation of the carbon monoxide transfer rate (COTR) and hydrogen transfer rate (H2 TR). In cultivation on pure CO and CO + H2 , CO was continuously limiting, whereas hydrogen, when present, was sufficiently available. The maximum COTR measured was approximately 5 mmol/L/h for pure CO cultivation, and approximately 6 mmol/L/h for cultivation with additional H2 in the gas supply. Additionally, calculation of the ratio of evolved carbon dioxide to consumed monoxide, similar to the respiratory quotient for aerobic fermentation, allows the prediction of whether acetate or ethanol is predominantly produced. Clostridium ljungdahlii, a model acetogen for syngas fermentation, was cultivated using only CO, and CO in combination with H2 . Online monitoring of the mentioned parameters revealed a metabolic shift in fermentation with sole CO, depending on COTR. The device presented herein allows fast process development, because crucial parameters for scale-up can be measured online in small-scale gas fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Mann
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aline Hüser
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schick
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Dinger
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Miebach
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
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2
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Kundu AM, Hiller GW. Hydrocyclones as cell retention devices for an N-1 perfusion bioreactor linked to a continuous-flow stirred tank production bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1973-1986. [PMID: 33559888 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A continuous Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture process comprised of a highly proliferative N-1 perfusion bioreactor utilizing a hydrocyclone as a cell retention device linked to a production continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is presented. The overflow stream from the hydrocyclone, which is only partially depleted of cells, provides a continuous source of high viability cells from the N-1 perfusion bioreactor to the 5-20 times larger CSTR. Under steady-state conditions, this linked-bioreactor system achieved a peak volumetric productivity of 0.96 g/L/day, twofold higher than the optimized fed-batch process. The linked bioreactor system using a hydrocyclone was also shown to be 1.8-3.1 times more productive than a dual, cascading CSTR system without cell retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M Kundu
- Upstream Process Development, Bioprocess Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory W Hiller
- Upstream Process Development, Bioprocess Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
Single-use bioreactors have increasingly been used in recent years, for both research and development as well as industrial production, especially in mammalian cell-based processes. Among the numerous single-use bioreactors available today, wave-mixed bags and stirred systems dominate. Wave-mixed single-use bioreactors are the system of choice for inoculum production, while stirred single-use bioreactors are most often preferred for antibody expression. For this reason, the present chapter describes protocols instructing the reader to use the wave-mixed BIOSTAT® RM 50 for cell expansion and to produce a monoclonal antibody (mAb) in Pall's Allegro™ STR 200 at pilot scale for the first time. All methods described are based on a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) suspension cell line expressing a recombinant immunoglobulin G (IgG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Schirmer
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Jan Müller
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Nina Steffen
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Sören Werner
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Regine Eibl
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Eibl
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Abstract
The global demand for complex biopharmaceuticals like recombinant proteins, vaccines, or viral vectors is steadily rising. To further improve process productivity and to reduce production costs, process intensification can contribute significantly. The design and optimization of perfusion processes toward very high cell densities require careful selection of strategies for optimal perfusion rate control. In this chapter, various options are discussed to guarantee high cell-specific virus yields and to achieve virus concentrations up to 1010 virions/mL. This includes reactor volume exchange regimes and perfusion rate control based on process variables such as cell concentration and metabolite or by-product concentration. Strategies to achieve high cell densities by perfusion rate control and their experimental implementation are described in detail for pseudo-perfusion or small-scale perfusion bioreactor systems. Suspension cell lines such as MDCK, BHK-21, EB66®, and AGE1.CR.pIX® are used to exemplify production of influenza, yellow fever, Zika, and modified vaccinia Ankara virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nikolay
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Bissinger
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gwendal Gränicher
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yixiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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5
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Anderlei T, Keebler MV, Cairó JJ, Lecina M. HEK293 Cell-Based Bioprocess Development at Bench Scale by Means of Online Monitoring in Shake Flasks (RAMOS and SFR). Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2095:83-103. [PMID: 31858464 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0191-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The platforms for bioprocess development have been developed in parallel to the needs of the manufacturing industry of biopharmaceuticals, aiming to ensure the quality and safety of their products. In this sense, Quality by Design (QbD) and Process Analytical Technology (PAT) have become the pillars for quality control and quality assurance.A new combination of Shake Flask Reader (SFR) and Respiration Activity Monitoring System for online determination of OTR and CTR (RAMOS) allows online monitoring of main culture parameters needed for bioprocess development (pH, pO2, OTR, CTR, and QR) as presented below. Eventually, a case study of the application of the combination of SFR-RAMOS system is presented. The case study discloses the optimization of HEK293 cells cultures through the manipulation of their metabolic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jordi Joan Cairó
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Martí Lecina
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
- Bioengineering Department, IQS, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wiegmann V, Martinez CB, Baganz F. Using a Parallel Micro-Cultivation System (Micro-Matrix) as a Process Development Tool for Cell Culture Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2095:69-81. [PMID: 31858463 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0191-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Micro-bioreactors appear frequently in today's biotechnology industry as screening and process development tools for cell culture applications. The micro-bioreactor's small volume allows for a high throughput, and when compared to other small-scale systems, such as microtiter plates, its measurement and control capabilities offer a much better insight into the bioprocess. Applikon's micro-Matrix is one of the micro-bioreactors that are commercially available today. The micro-Matrix system consists of shaken disposable 24 deep square well plates in which each well is controlled individually for pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature. Additionally, a feeding module supports automated additions of liquid to each well. This chapter describes how the micro-Matrix can be used for fed-batch cultivations of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Wiegmann
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Frank Baganz
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
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Sewell DJ, Turner R, Field R, Holmes W, Pradhan R, Spencer C, Oliver SG, Slater NKH, Dikicioglu D. Enhancing the functionality of a microscale bioreactor system as an industrial process development tool for mammalian perfusion culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1315-1325. [PMID: 30712286 PMCID: PMC6593443 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Without a scale-down model for perfusion, high resource demand makes cell line screening or process development challenging, therefore, potentially successful cell lines or perfusion processes are unrealized and their ability untapped. We present here the refunctioning of a high-capacity microscale system that is typically used in fed-batch process development to allow perfusion operation utilizing in situ gravity settling and automated sampling. In this low resource setting, which involved routine perturbations in mixing, pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations, the specific productivity and the maximum cell concentration were higher than 3.0 × 106 mg/cell/day and 7 × 10 7 cells/ml, respectively, across replicate microscale perfusion runs conducted at one vessel volume exchange per day. A comparative analysis was conducted at bench scale with vessels operated in perfusion mode utilizing a cell retention device. Neither specific productivity nor product quality indicated by product aggregation (6%) was significantly different across scales 19 days after inoculation, thus demonstrating this setup to be a suitable and reliable platform for evaluating the performance of cell lines and the effect of process parameters, relevant to perfusion mode of culturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Sewell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Richard Turner
- BioPharmaceutical Development DivisionMedImmuneCambridgeUK
| | - Ray Field
- BioPharmaceutical Development DivisionMedImmuneCambridgeUK
| | - William Holmes
- BioPharmaceutical Development DivisionMedImmuneCambridgeUK
| | - Rahul Pradhan
- BioPharmaceutical Development DivisionMedImmuneCambridgeUK
| | | | - Stephen G Oliver
- Cambridge Systems Biology CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Nigel KH Slater
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Duygu Dikicioglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cambridge Systems Biology CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Cerofolini L, Giuntini S, Barbieri L, Pennestri M, Codina A, Fragai M, Banci L, Luchinat E, Ravera E. Real-Time Insights into Biological Events: In-Cell Processes and Protein-Ligand Interactions. Biophys J 2019; 116:239-247. [PMID: 30580921 PMCID: PMC6350048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FlowNMR has the aim of continuously monitoring processes that occur in conditions that are not compatible with being carried out within a closed tube. However, it is sample intensive and not suitable for samples, such as proteins or living cells, that are often available in limited volumes and possibly low concentrations. We here propose a dialysis-based modification of a commercial flowNMR setup that allows for recycling the medium while confining the sample (proteins and cells) within the active volume of the tube. This approach is demonstrated in the specific cases of in-cell NMR and protein-based ligand studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefano Giuntini
- Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Letizia Barbieri
- Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Anna Codina
- Bruker UK Limited, Banner Lane, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Enrico Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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9
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Xia Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Zhou X, Wang Z, Wang G, Xiong Z, Ai L. Enhancement of antroquinonol production during batch fermentation using pH control coupled with an oxygen vector. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:449-456. [PMID: 29900550 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antroquinonol, a ubiquinone derivative that shows anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, is produced during solid-state fermentation of Antrodia camphorata; however, it cannot be biosynthesized via conventional submerged fermentation. RESULTS A method for enhancing the biosynthesis of antroquinonol by controlling pH and adding an oxygen vector in a 7 L bioreactor was studied. In shake-flask experiments, a maximum antroquinonol production of 31.39 ± 0.78 mg L-1 was obtained by fermentation with adding 0.2 g L-1 coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0 ), at the 96th hour. Following kinetic analysis of the fermentation process, pH control strategies were investigated. A maximum antroquinonol production of 86.47 ± 3.65 mg L-1 was achieved when the pH was maintained at 5.0, which exhibited an increase of 348.03% higher than the batch without pH regulation (19.30 ± 0.88 mg L-1 ). The conversion rate of CoQ0 improved from 1.51% to 20.20%. Further research revealed that the addition of n-tetradecane could increase the production of antroquinonol to 115.62 ± 4.87 mg L-1 by increasing the dissolved oxygen in the fermentation broth. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that pH played an important role in antroquinonol synthesis in the presence of the effective precursor CoQ0 . It was a very effective strategy to increase the yield of antroquinonol by controlling pH and adding oxygen vector. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Xia
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaochu Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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El Enshasy HA, Elsayed EA, Suhaimi N, Malek RA, Esawy M. Bioprocess optimization for pectinase production using Aspergillus niger in a submerged cultivation system. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:71. [PMID: 30413198 PMCID: PMC6230287 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectinase enzymes present a high priced category of microbial enzymes with many potential applications in various food and oil industries and an estimated market share of $ 41.4 billion by 2020. RESULTS The production medium was first optimized using a statistical optimization approach to increase pectinase production. A maximal enzyme concentration of 76.35 U/mL (a 2.8-fold increase compared with the initial medium) was produced in a medium composed of (g/L): pectin, 32.22; (NH4)2SO4, 4.33; K2HPO4, 1.36; MgSO4.5H2O, 0.05; KCl, 0.05; and FeSO4.5H2O, 0.10. The cultivations were then carried out in a 16-L stirred tank bioreactor in both batch and fed-batch modes to improve enzyme production, which is an important step for bioprocess industrialization. Controlling the pH at 5.5 during cultivation yielded a pectinase production of 109.63 U/mL, which was about 10% higher than the uncontrolled pH culture. Furthermore, fed-batch cultivation using sucrose as a feeding substrate with a rate of 2 g/L/h increased the enzyme production up to 450 U/mL after 126 h. CONCLUSIONS Statistical medium optimization improved volumetric pectinase productivity by about 2.8 folds. Scaling-up the production process in 16-L semi-industrial stirred tank bioreactor under controlled pH further enhanced pectinase production by about 4-folds. Finally, bioreactor fed-batch cultivation using constant carbon source feeding increased maximal volumetric enzyme production by about 16.5-folds from the initial starting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A. El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81130 UTM, Skudai, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Application, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Ahmed Elsayed
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noorhamizah Suhaimi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81130 UTM, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Roslinda Abd Malek
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81130 UTM, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Mona Esawy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Jain R, Peräniemi S, Jordan N, Vogel M, Weiss S, Foerstendorf H, Lakaniemi AM. Removal and recovery of uranium(VI) by waste digested activated sludge in fed-batch stirred tank reactor. Water Res 2018; 142:167-175. [PMID: 29870950 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the removal and recovery of uranium(VI) in a fed-batch stirred tank reactor (STR) using waste digested activated sludge (WDAS). The batch adsorption experiments showed that WDAS can adsorb 200 (±9.0) mg of uranium(VI) per g of WDAS. The maximum adsorption of uranium(VI) was achieved even at an acidic initial pH of 2.7 which increased to a pH of 4.0 in the equilibrium state. Desorption of uranium(VI) from WDAS was successfully demonstrated from the release of more than 95% of uranium(VI) using both acidic (0.5 M HCl) and alkaline (1.0 M Na2CO3) eluents. Due to the fast kinetics of uranium(VI) adsorption onto WDAS, the fed-batch STR was successfully operated at a mixing time of 15 min. Twelve consecutive uranium(VI) adsorption steps with an average adsorption efficiency of 91.5% required only two desorption steps to elute more than 95% of uranium(VI) from WDAS. Uranium(VI) was shown to interact predominantly with the phosphoryl and carboxyl groups of the WDAS, as revealed by in situ infrared spectroscopy and time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy studies. This study provides a proof-of-concept of the use of fed-batch STR process based on WDAS for the removal and recovery of uranium(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Jain
- Tampere University of Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sirpa Peräniemi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70221 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Norbert Jordan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Vogel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Weiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Harald Foerstendorf
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aino-Maija Lakaniemi
- Tampere University of Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
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Scherer MD, Filho FJCM, Oliveira AC, Selesu NFH, Ugaya CML, Mariano AB, Vargas JVC. Environmental evaluation of flocculation efficiency in the separation of the microalgal biomass of Scenedesmus sp. cultivated in full-scale photobioreactors. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:938-945. [PMID: 29764286 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1470961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper the environmental evaluation of the separation process of the microalgal biomass Scenedesmus sp. from full-scale photobioreactors was carried out at the Research and Development Nucleus for Sustainable Energy (NPDEAS), with different flocculants (iron sulfate - FeCl3, sodium hydroxide - NaOH, calcium hydroxide - Ca(OH)2 and aluminum sulphate Al2(SO4)3, by means of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, using the SimaPro 7.3 software. Furthermore, the flocculation efficiency by means of optical density (OD) was also evaluated. The results indicated that FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3 were highly effective for the recovery of microalgal biomass, greater than 95%. Though, when FeCl3 was used, there was an immediate change in color to the biomass after the orange colored salt was added, typical with the presence of iron, which may compromise the biomass use according to its purpose and Al2(SO4)3 is associated with the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease, restricting the application of biomass recovered through this process for nutritional purposes, for example. Therefore, it was observed that sodium hydroxide is an efficient flocculant, promoting recovery around 93.5% for the ideal concentration of 144 mg per liter. It had the best environmental profile among the compared flocculant agents, since it did not cause visible changes in the biomass or compromise its use and had less impact in relation to acidification, eutrophication, global warming and human toxicity, among others. Thus, the results indicate that it is important to consider both flocculation efficiency aspects and environmental impacts to identify the best flocculants on an industrial scale, to optimize the process, with lower amount of flocculant and obtain the maximum biomass recovery and decrease the impact on the extraction, production, treatment and reuse of these chemical compounds to the environment. However, more studies are needed in order to evaluate energy efficiency of the process coupled with other microalgal biomass recovery technologies. In addition, studies with natural flocculants, other polymers and changes in pH are also needed, as these are produced in a more sustainable way than synthetic organic polymers and have the potential to generate a biomass free of undesirable contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa D Scherer
- a Federal University of Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | | | - Amanda C Oliveira
- a Federal University of Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Nelson F H Selesu
- a Federal University of Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Cássia M L Ugaya
- c Federal Technological University of Paraná , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - André B Mariano
- a Federal University of Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - José V C Vargas
- a Federal University of Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
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Arai T, Biely P, Uhliariková I, Sato N, Makishima S, Mizuno M, Nozaki K, Kaneko S, Amano Y. Structural characterization of hemicellulose released from corn cob in continuous flow type hydrothermal reactor. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 127:222-230. [PMID: 30143337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal reaction is known to be one of the most efficient procedures to extract hemicelluloses from lignocellulosic biomass. We investigated the molecular structure of xylooligosaccharides released from corn cob in a continuous flow type hydrothermal reactor designed in our group. The fraction precipitable from the extract with four volumes of ethanol was examined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF MS before and after enzymatic treatment with different purified enzymes. The released water-soluble hemicellulose was found to correspond to a mixture of wide degree of polymerization range of acetylarabinoglucuronoxylan fragments (further as corn cob xylan abbreviated CX). Analysis of enzymatic hydrolyzates of CX with an acetylxylan esterase, GH3 β-xylosidase, GH10 and GH11 xylanases revealed that the main chain contains unsubstituted regions mixed with regions of xylopyranosyl residues partially acetylated and occasionally substituted by 4-O-methyl-d-glucuronic acid and arabinofuranose esterified with ferulic or coumaric acid. Single 2- and 3-O-acetylation was accompanied by 2,3-di-O-acetylation and 3-O-acetylation of Xylp residues substituted with MeGlcA. Most of the non-esterified arabinofuranose side residues were lost during the hydrodynamic process. Despite reduced branching, the acetylation and ferulic acid modification of pentose residues contribute to high yields and high solubility of the extracted CX. It is also shown that different enzyme treatments of CX may lead to various types of xylooligosaccharides of different biomedical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Arai
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Peter Biely
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Iveta Uhliariková
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Nobuaki Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan; B Food Science Co. Ltd., 24-12 Kitahamamachi, Chita 478-0046, Japan
| | - Satoshi Makishima
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan; B Food Science Co. Ltd., 24-12 Kitahamamachi, Chita 478-0046, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan; Institute of Engineering, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kouichi Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan; Institute of Engineering, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Subtropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of the Ryukyus, Nishiara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Amano
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan; Institute of Engineering, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
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14
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Chatterjee S, Jha S, De S. Novel carbonized bone meal for defluoridation of groundwater: Batch and column study. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:832-846. [PMID: 29652222 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1455378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Low cost naturally available bone meal was carbonized and its fluoride adsorption capacity was explored. Carbonized bone meal (CBM) produced at 550°C, 4 h carbonization time and a heating rate of 60°C/min, showed fluoride adsorption capacity of 14 mg g-1. Adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluoroscence, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to highlight its physical and chemical properties. Best fluoride uptake capacity was observed for 0.2 mm particle size, 7 g L-1 adsorbent concentration and at pH 6.5. Fluoride uptake was endothermic and chemisorption in nature. Effective diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient were obtained as 6 × 10-11 m2 s-1 and 9 × 10-5 m s-1 from shrinking core model. Sulphate and carbonate showed the highest interference effect on adsorption of fluoride by CBM. Maximum desorption was observed at basic pH (pH 12). Fixed bed study was performed and effect of different parameters (bed height, inlet flow rate and initial concentration) was investigated. Efficiency of the adsorbent using real life fluoride contaminated groundwater solution was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somak Chatterjee
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur , West Bengal , India
| | - Sanjay Jha
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur , West Bengal , India
| | - Sirshendu De
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur , West Bengal , India
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15
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Remmas N, Ntougias S, Chatzopoulou M, Melidis P. Optimization aspects of the biological nitrogen removal process in a full-scale twin sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system in series treating landfill leachate. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:847-853. [PMID: 29596027 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1455375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process has been studied in detail in laboratory- and pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) systems treating landfill leachate, a limited number of research works have been performed in full-scale SBR plants regarding nitrification and denitrification. In the current study, a full-scale twin SBR system in series of 700 m3 (350 m3 each) treating medium-age landfill leachate was evaluated in terms of its carbon and nitrogen removal efficiency in the absence and presence of external carbon source, i.e., glycerol from biodiesel production. Both biodegradable organic carbon and ammonia were highly oxidized [biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total Kjehldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal efficiencies above 90%], whereas chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was slightly above 40%, which is within the range reported in the literature for pilot-scale SBRs. As the consequence of the high recalcitrant organic fraction of the landfill leachate, dissimilatory nitrate reduction was restricted in the absence of crude glycerol, although denitrification was improved by electron donor addition, resulting in TN removal efficiencies above 70%. Experimental data revealed that the second SBR negligibly contributed to BNR process, since carbon and ammonia oxidation completion was achieved in the first SBR. On the other hand, the low VSS/SS ratio, due to the lack of primary sedimentation, highly improved sludge settleability, resulting in sludge volume indices (SVI) below 30 mL g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Remmas
- a Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering , Democritus University of Thrace , Xanthi , Greece
| | - Spyridon Ntougias
- a Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering , Democritus University of Thrace , Xanthi , Greece
| | - Marianna Chatzopoulou
- a Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering , Democritus University of Thrace , Xanthi , Greece
| | - Paraschos Melidis
- a Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering , Democritus University of Thrace , Xanthi , Greece
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16
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Philip P, Meier K, Kern D, Goldmanns J, Stockmeier F, Bähr C, Büchs J. Systematic evaluation of characteristics of the membrane-based fed-batch shake flask. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:122. [PMID: 28716035 PMCID: PMC5514527 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initial part of process development involves extensive screening programs to identify optimal biological systems and cultivation conditions. For a successful scale-up, the operation mode on screening and production scale must be as close as possible. To enable screening under fed-batch conditions, the membrane-based fed-batch shake flask was developed. It is a shake flask mounted with a central feed reservoir with an integrated rotating membrane tip for a controlled substrate release. Building on the previously provided proof of principle for this tool, this work extends its application by constructive modifications and improved methodology to ensure reproducible performance. RESULTS The previously limited operation window was expanded by a systematic analysis of reservoir set-up variations for cultivations with the fast-growing organism Escherichia coli. Modifying the initial glucose concentration in the reservoir as well as interchanging the built-in membrane, resulted in glucose release rates and oxygen transfer rate levels during the fed-batch phase varying up to a factor of five. The range of utilizable membranes was extended from dialysis membranes to porous microfiltration membranes with the design of an appropriate membrane tip. The alteration of the membrane area, molecular weight cut-off and liquid volume in the reservoir offered additional parameters to fine-tune the duration of the initial batch phase, the oxygen transfer rate level of the fed-batch phase and the duration of feeding. It was shown that a homogeneous composition of the reservoir without a concentration gradient is ensured up to an initial glucose concentration of 750 g/L. Finally, the experimental validity of fed-batch shake flask cultivations was verified with comparable results obtained in a parallel fed-batch cultivation in a laboratory-scale stirred tank reactor. CONCLUSIONS The membrane-based fed-batch shake flask is a reliable tool for small-scale screening under fed-batch conditions filling the gap between microtiter plates and scaled-down stirred tank reactors. The implemented reservoir system offers various set-up possibilities, which provide a wide range of process settings for diverse biological systems. As a screening tool, it accurately reflects the cultivation conditions in a fed-batch stirred tank reactor and enables a more efficient bioprocess development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Philip
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - K. Meier
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - D. Kern
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - J. Goldmanns
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - F. Stockmeier
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - C. Bähr
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - J. Büchs
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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17
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Liu L, Fan H, Liu Y, Liu C, Huang X. Development of algae-bacteria granular consortia in photo-sequencing batch reactor. Bioresour Technol 2017; 232:64-71. [PMID: 28214446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development and properties of algae-bacteria granular consortia, which cultivated with the algae (Chlorella and Scenedesmus) and aerobic granules, was investigated in this experiment. The results indicated that the granular consortia could be successfully developed by selection pressure control, and the algal biomass and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentration in the consortia showed notable correlation with the operating parameters of reactor. The maximum specific removal rates of total nitrogen and phosphate were obtained from the granular consortia with the highest algal biomass, yet the correlation between the fatty acid methyl esters yield and the algal biomass in the consortia was not markedly observed. The seed algae maintained dominance in the phototroph community, whereas the cyanobacteria only occupied a small proportion (5.2-6.5%). Although the bacterial communities with different operational strategies showed significant difference, the dominated bacteria (Comamonadaceae, 18.79-36.25%) in the mature granular consortia were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hongyong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chaoxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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18
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Gershlak JR, Hernandez S, Fontana G, Perreault LR, Hansen KJ, Larson SA, Binder BYK, Dolivo DM, Yang T, Dominko T, Rolle MW, Weathers PJ, Medina-Bolivar F, Cramer CL, Murphy WL, Gaudette GR. Crossing kingdoms: Using decellularized plants as perfusable tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomaterials 2017; 125:13-22. [PMID: 28222326 PMCID: PMC5388455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the fabrication of bioengineered scaffolds for tissue engineering, delivery of nutrients in complex engineered human tissues remains a challenge. By taking advantage of the similarities in the vascular structure of plant and animal tissues, we developed decellularized plant tissue as a prevascularized scaffold for tissue engineering applications. Perfusion-based decellularization was modified for different plant species, providing different geometries of scaffolding. After decellularization, plant scaffolds remained patent and able to transport microparticles. Plant scaffolds were recellularized with human endothelial cells that colonized the inner surfaces of plant vasculature. Human mesenchymal stem cells and human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes adhered to the outer surfaces of plant scaffolds. Cardiomyocytes demonstrated contractile function and calcium handling capabilities over the course of 21 days. These data demonstrate the potential of decellularized plants as scaffolds for tissue engineering, which could ultimately provide a cost-efficient, "green" technology for regenerating large volume vascularized tissue mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Gershlak
- Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Sarah Hernandez
- Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Gianluca Fontana
- Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Luke R Perreault
- Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Katrina J Hansen
- Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Sara A Larson
- Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Bernard Y K Binder
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David M Dolivo
- Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Tianhong Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States; Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
| | - Tanja Dominko
- Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States; Center for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Marsha W Rolle
- Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Pamela J Weathers
- Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Fabricio Medina-Bolivar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States; Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
| | - Carole L Cramer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States; Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
| | - William L Murphy
- Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Glenn R Gaudette
- Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States.
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Ukkonen K, Neubauer A, Pereira VJ, Vasala A. High Yield of Recombinant Protein in Shaken E. coli Cultures with Enzymatic Glucose Release Medium EnPresso B. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1586:127-137. [PMID: 28470602 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6887-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Expression of recombinant proteins in sufficient quantities is essential for protein structure-function studies. The most commonly used method for recombinant protein production is overexpression in E. coli cultures. However, producing high yields of functional proteins in E. coli can be a challenge in conventional shaken cultures. This is often due to nonoptimal growth conditions, which result in low cell yields and insoluble or incorrectly folded target protein. To overcome the shortcomings of shake flask cultivation, we present a cultivation method based on enzymatic glucose delivery. This system mimics the fed-batch principle used in bioreactor cultivations and provides high yields of biomass and recombinant proteins in shaken cultivations.
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20
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Yuan Y, Liu J, Ma B, Liu Y, Wang B, Peng Y. Improving municipal wastewater nitrogen and phosphorous removal by feeding sludge fermentation products to sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Bioresour Technol 2016; 222:326-334. [PMID: 27728835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel strategy to improve the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal wastewater by feeding sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with sludge alkaline fermentation products as carbon sources. The performances of two SBRs treating municipal wastewater (one was fed with sludge fermentation products; F-SBR, and the other without sludge fermentation products; B-SBR) were compared. The removal efficiencies of total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (PO43--P) were found to be 82.9% and 96.0% in F-SBR, while the corresponding values in B-SBR were 55.9% (TN) and -6.1% (PO43--P). Illumina MiSeq sequencing indicated that ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (Nitrosomonadaceae and Nitrosomonas) and denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (Dechloromonas) were enriched in F-SBR, which resulted in NO2--N accumulation and denitrifying phosphorus removal via nitrite (DPRN). Moreover, feeding of sludge fermentation products reduced 862.1mg VSS/d of sludge in the F-SBR system (volume: 10L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Bin Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Ye Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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21
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Jia W, Gungor-Ozkerim PS, Zhang YS, Yue K, Zhu K, Liu W, Pi Q, Byambaa B, Dokmeci MR, Shin SR, Khademhosseini A. Direct 3D bioprinting of perfusable vascular constructs using a blend bioink. Biomaterials 2016; 106:58-68. [PMID: 27552316 PMCID: PMC5300870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant technological advancement in tissue engineering, challenges still exist towards the development of complex and fully functional tissue constructs that mimic their natural counterparts. To address these challenges, bioprinting has emerged as an enabling technology to create highly organized three-dimensional (3D) vascular networks within engineered tissue constructs to promote the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, which can hardly be realized using conventional microfabrication techniques. Here, we report the development of a versatile 3D bioprinting strategy that employs biomimetic biomaterials and an advanced extrusion system to deposit perfusable vascular structures with highly ordered arrangements in a single-step process. In particular, a specially designed cell-responsive bioink consisting of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), sodium alginate, and 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-tetra-acrylate (PEGTA) was used in combination with a multilayered coaxial extrusion system to achieve direct 3D bioprinting. This blend bioink could be first ionically crosslinked by calcium ions followed by covalent photocrosslinking of GelMA and PEGTA to form stable constructs. The rheological properties of the bioink and the mechanical strengths of the resulting constructs were tuned by the introduction of PEGTA, which facilitated the precise deposition of complex multilayered 3D perfusable hollow tubes. This blend bioink also displayed favorable biological characteristics that supported the spreading and proliferation of encapsulated endothelial and stem cells in the bioprinted constructs, leading to the formation of biologically relevant, highly organized, perfusable vessels. These characteristics make this novel 3D bioprinting technique superior to conventional microfabrication or sacrificial templating approaches for fabrication of the perfusable vasculature. We envision that our advanced bioprinting technology and bioink formulation may also have significant potentials in engineering large-scale vascularized tissue constructs towards applications in organ transplantation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Jia
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - P Selcan Gungor-Ozkerim
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Kan Yue
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Wanjun Liu
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Qingment Pi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Batzaya Byambaa
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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He Q, Zhang S, Zou Z, Zheng LA, Wang H. Unraveling characteristics of simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) in an aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor. Bioresour Technol 2016; 220:651-655. [PMID: 27599624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor (SBR) on an aerobic/oxic/anoxic (AOA) mode was operated for 50days with acetate sodium as the sole carbon source for simultaneous carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Excellent removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (COD) (94.46±3.59%), nitrogen (96.56±3.44% for ammonia nitrogen (NH4(+)-N) and 93.88±6.78% for total inorganic nitrogen (TIN)) and phosphorus (97.71±3.63%) were obtained over operation. Mechanisms for simultaneous nutrients removal were explored and the results indicated that simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) under aerobic conditions was mainly responsible for most of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Identification and quantification of the granular AOA SBR revealed that higher rates of nutrients removal and more potentials were to be exploited by optimizing the operating conditions including time durations for AOA mode and the feeding compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulai He
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shilu Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhuocheng Zou
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li-An Zheng
- Central and Southern China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Li J, Qiang Z, Yu D, Wang D, Zhang P, Li Y. Performance and microbial community of simultaneous anammox and denitrification (SAD) process in a sequencing batch reactor. Bioresour Technol 2016; 218:1064-1072. [PMID: 27459683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to test the simultaneous anammox and denitrification process. Optimal nitrogen removal was achieved with chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 150mg/L, during which almost all of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate could be removed. Organic matter was a key factor to regulate the synergy of anammox and denitrification. Both experimental ΔNO2(-)-N/ΔNH4(+)-N and ΔNO3(-)-N/ΔNH4(+)-N values deviated from their theoretical values with increasing COD. Denitrifying bacteria exhibited good diversity and abundance, but the diversity of anammox bacteria was less abundant. Brocadia sinica was able to grow in the presence of organic matter and tolerate high nitrite concentration. Anammox bacteria were predominant at low COD contents, while denitrifying bacteria dominated the microbial community at high COD contents. Anammox and denitrifying bacteria could coexist in one reactor to achieve the simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal through the synergy of anammox and denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Deshuang Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dan Wang
- National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Chen Y, Zhang F, Wang T, Shen N, Yu ZW, Zeng RJ. Hydraulic retention time affects stable acetate production from tofu processing wastewater in extreme-thermophilic (70°C) mixed culture fermentation. Bioresour Technol 2016; 216:722-728. [PMID: 27295249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetate is an important industrial chemical and its production from wastes via mixed culture fermentation (MCF) is economic. In this work, the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on acetate production from tofu processing wastewater (TPW) in extreme-thermophilic (70°C) MCF was first investigated. It was found that long HRT (>3days) could lead to less acetate production while stable acetate production was achieved at short HRT (3days) with the yield of 0.57g-COD/g-CODTPW. The microbial community analysis showed that hydrogenotrophic methanogens (mainly Methanothermobacter) occupied up to 90% of archaea at both HRTs of 3 and 5days. However, Coprothermobacter, the main acetate-degraders, decreased from 35.74% to 10.58% of bacteria when HRT decreased from 5 to 3days, supporting the aggravation of syntrophic acetate oxidation in long HRT. This work demonstrated that HRT was a crucial factor to maintain stable acetate production from TPW in extreme-thermophilic MCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Shen
- School of Environmental Engineering and Science, Yangzhou University, 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Wei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Raymond J Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
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Huang Y, Sun Y, Liao Q, Fu Q, Xia A, Zhu X. Improvement on light penetrability and microalgae biomass production by periodically pre-harvesting Chlorella vulgaris cells with culture medium recycling. Bioresour Technol 2016; 216:669-76. [PMID: 27289058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To improve light penetrability and biomass production in batch cultivation, a cultivation mode that periodically pre-harvesting partial microalgae cells from suspension with culture medium recycling was proposed. By daily pre-harvesting 30% microalgae cells from the suspension, the average light intensity in the photobioreactor (PBR) was enhanced by 27.05-122.06%, resulting in a 46.48% increase in total biomass production than that cultivated in batch cultivation without pre-harvesting under an incident light intensity of 160μmolm(-2)s(-1). Compared with the semi-continuous cultivation with 30% microalgae suspension daily replaced with equivalent volume of fresh medium, nutrients and water input was reduced by 60% in the proposed cultivation mode but with slightly decrease (12.82%) in biomass production. No additional nutrient was replenished when culture medium recycling. Furthermore, higher pre-harvesting ratios (40%, 60%) and lower pre-harvesting frequencies (every 2, 2.5days) were not advantageous for the pre-harvesting cultivation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yahui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Qian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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26
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Madeira LM, Szeto TH, Ma JKC, Drake PMW. Rhizosecretion improves the production of Cyanovirin-N in Nicotiana tabacum through simplified downstream processing. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:910-919. [PMID: 26901579 PMCID: PMC4929045 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rhizosecretion has many advantages for the production of recombinant pharmaceuticals, notably facile downstream processing from hydroponic medium. The aim of this study was to increase yields of the HIV microbicide candidate, Cyanovirin-N (CV-N), obtained using this production platform and to develop a simplified methodology for its downstream processing from hydroponic medium. Placing hydroponic cultures on an orbital shaker more than doubled the concentration of CV-N in the hydroponic medium compared to plants which remained stationary, reaching a maximum of approximately 20μg/ml in one week, which is more than 3 times higher than previously reported yields. The protein composition of the hydroponic medium, the rhizosecretome, was characterised in plants cultured with or without the plant growth regulator alpha-napthaleneacetic acid by LC-ESI-MS/MS, and CV-N was the most abundant protein. The issue of large volumes in the rhizosecretion system was addressed by using ion exchange chromatography to concentrate CV-N and partially remove impurities. The semi-purified CV-N was demonstrated to bind to HIV gp120 in an ELISA and to neutralise HIVBa-L with an IC50 of 6nM in a cell-based assay. Rhizosecretion is therefore a practicable and inexpensive method for the production of functional CV-N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Madeira
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Tim H Szeto
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Julian K-C Ma
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Pascal M W Drake
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
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Abstract
Human development and disease are challenging to study because of lack of experimental accessibility to in vivo systems and the complex nature of biological processes. For these reasons researchers turn to the use of model systems, ranging in complexity and scale from single cells to model organisms. While the use of model organisms is valuable for studying physiology and pathophysiology in an in vivo context and for aiding pre-clinical development of therapeutics, animal models are costly, difficult to interrogate, and not always equivalent to human biology. For these reasons, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have emerged as an attractive model system that contains key aspects of in vivo tissue and organ complexity while being more experimentally tractable than model organisms. In particular, organ-on-a-chip and organoid models represent orthogonal approaches that have been able to recapitulate characteristics of physiology and disease. Here, we review advances in these two categories of 3D cultures and applications in studying development and disease. Additionally, we discuss development of key technologies that facilitate the generation of 3D cultures, including microfluidics, biomaterials, genome editing, and imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Jackson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Kurashina Y, Takemura K, Friend J, Miyata S, Komotori J. Efficient Subculture Process for Adherent Cells by Selective Collection Using Cultivation Substrate Vibration. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2016; 64:580-587. [PMID: 27187942 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2016.2567647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cell detachment and reseeding are typical operations in cell culturing, often using trypsin exposure and pipetting, even though this process is known to damage the cells. Reducing the number of detachment and reseeding steps might consequently improve the overall quality of the culture, but to date this has not been an option. This study proposes the use of resonant vibration in the cell cultivation substrate to selectively release adherent calf chondrocyte cells: Some were released from the substrate and collected while others were left upon the substrate to grow to confluence as a subculture-without requiring reseeding. An out-of-plane vibration mode with a single nodal circle was used in the custom culture substrate. At a maximum vibration amplitude of 0.6 µm, 84.9% of the cells adhering to the substrate were released after 3 min exposure, leaving a sufficient number of cells for passage and long-term cell culture, with the greatest cell concentration along the nodal circle where the vibration was relatively quiescent. The 72-h proliferation of the unreleased cells was 20% greater in number than cells handled using the traditional method of trypsin-EDTA (0.050%) release, pipette collection, and reseeding. Due to the vibration, it was possible to reduce the trypsin-EDTA used for selective release to only 0.025%, and in doing so the cell number after 72 h of proliferation was 42% greater in number than the traditional technique.
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Zervantonakis IK, Arvanitis CD. Controlled Drug Release and Chemotherapy Response in a Novel Acoustofluidic 3D Tumor Platform. Small 2016; 12:2616-26. [PMID: 27031786 PMCID: PMC4889337 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming transport barriers to delivery of therapeutic agents in tumors remains a major challenge. Focused ultrasound (FUS), in combination with modern nanomedicine drug formulations, offers the ability to maximize drug transport to tumor tissue while minimizing toxicity to normal tissue. This potential remains unfulfilled due to the limitations of current approaches in accurately assessing and quantifying how FUS modulates drug transport in solid tumors. A novel acoustofluidic platform is developed by integrating a physiologically relevant 3D microfluidic device and a FUS system with a closed-loop controller to study drug transport and assess the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy in real time using live cell microscopy. FUS-induced heating triggers local release of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin from a liposomal carrier and results in higher cellular drug uptake in the FUS focal region. This differential drug uptake induces locally confined DNA damage and glioblastoma cell death in the 3D environment. The capabilities of acoustofluidics for accurate control of drug release and monitoring of localized cell response are demonstrated in a 3D in vitro tumor mode. This has important implications for developing novel strategies to deliver therapeutic agents directly to the tumor tissue while sparing healthy tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Costas D. Arvanitis
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital 221 Longwood Ave, 514a, Boston, 02115, MA
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30
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Youssef K, Jarenwattananon NN, Archer BJ, Mack J, Iruela-Arispe ML, Bouchard LS. 4-D Flow Control in Porous Scaffolds: Toward a Next Generation of Bioreactors. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2016; 64:61-69. [PMID: 26955013 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2016.2537266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) approaches that involve seeding cells into predetermined tissue scaffolds ignore the complex environment where the material properties are spatially inhomogeneous and evolve over time. We present a new approach for controlling mechanical forces inside bioreactors, which enables spatiotemporal control of flow fields in real time. Our adaptive approach offers the flexibility of dialing-in arbitrary shear stress distributions and adjusting flow field patterns in a scaffold over time in response to cell growth without needing to alter scaffold structure. This is achieved with a multi-inlet bioreactor and a control algorithm with learning capabilities to dynamically solve the inverse problem of computing the inlet pressure distribution required over the multiple inlets to obtain a target flow field. The new method constitutes a new platform for studies of cellular responses to mechanical forces in complex environments and opens potentially transformative possibilities for TE.
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31
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Zhao ZM, Wang L, Chen HZ. Physical structure changes of solid medium by steam explosion sterilization. Bioresour Technol 2016; 203:204-210. [PMID: 26724552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Physical structure changes of solid medium were investigated to reveal effects of steam explosion sterilization on solid-state fermentation (SSF). Results indicated that steam explosion changed the structure of solid medium at both molecular and three-dimensional structural levels, which exposed hydrophilic groups and enlarged pores and cavities. It was interesting to find that pores where capillary water located were the active sites for SSF, due to the close relationship among capillary water relaxation time, specific surface area and fermentation performance. Therefore, steam explosion sterilization increased the effective contact area for microbial cells on solid medium, which contributed to improving SSF performance. Combined with the previous research, mechanisms of SSF improvement by steam explosion sterilization contained both chemical and physical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Hong-Zhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
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32
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Fan X, Liu Z, Norbeck JM, Park CS. A simple kinetic analysis of syngas during steam hydrogasification of biomass using a novel inverted batch reactor with instant high pressure feeding. Bioresour Technol 2016; 200:731-737. [PMID: 26562689 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A newly designed inverted batch reactor equipped with a pressure-driven feeding system was built for investigating the kinetics of syngas during the steam hydrogasification (SHR) of biomass. The system could instantly load the feedstock into the reactor at high temperature and pressure, which simulated the way to transport the feedstock into a hot and pressurized gasifier. Experiments were conducted from 600°C to 700°C. The inverted reactor showed very high heating rate by enhancing the carbon conversion and syngas production. The kinetic study showed that the rates of CH4, CO and CO2 formation during SHR were increased when the gasification temperature went up. SHR had comparatively lower activation energy for CH4 production. The activation energies of CH4, CO and CO2 during SHR were 42.8, 51.8 and 14kJ/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Bourns College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0425, United States
| | - Zhongzhe Liu
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, United States.
| | - Joseph M Norbeck
- Bourns College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0425, United States
| | - Chan S Park
- Bourns College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0425, United States
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Schaefer JA, Tranquillo RT. Tissue Contraction Force Microscopy for Optimization of Engineered Cardiac Tissue. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:76-83. [PMID: 26538167 PMCID: PMC4722601 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a high-throughput screening assay that allows for relative comparison of the twitch force of millimeter-scale gel-based cardiac tissues. This assay is based on principles taken from traction force microscopy and uses fluorescent microspheres embedded in a soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. A gel-forming cell suspension is simply pipetted onto the PDMS to form hemispherical cardiac tissue samples. Recordings of the fluorescent bead movement during tissue pacing are used to determine the maximum distance that the tissue can displace the elastic PDMS substrate. In this study, fibrin gel hemispheres containing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were formed on the PDMS and allowed to culture for 9 days. Bead displacement values were measured and compared to direct force measurements to validate the utility of the system. The amplitude of bead displacement correlated with direct force measurements, and the twitch force generated by the tissues was the same in 2 and 4 mg/mL fibrin gels, even though the 2 mg/mL samples visually appear more contractile if the assessment were made on free-floating samples. These results demonstrate the usefulness of this assay as a screening tool that allows for rapid sample preparation, data collection, and analysis in a simple and cost-effective platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Schaefer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert T. Tranquillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Lück S, Schubel R, Rüb J, Hahn D, Mathieu E, Zimmermann H, Scharnweber D, Werner C, Pautot S, Jordan R. Tailored and biodegradable poly(2-oxazoline) microbeads as 3D matrices for stem cell culture in regenerative therapies. Biomaterials 2015; 79:1-14. [PMID: 26686977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present the synthesis of hydrogel microbeads based on telechelic poly(2-oxazoline) (POx) crosslinkers and the methacrylate monomers (HEMA, METAC, SPMA) by inverse emulsion polymerization. While in batch experiments only irregular and ill-defined beads were obtained, the preparation in a microfluidic (MF) device resulted in highly defined hydrogel microbeads. Variation of the MF parameters allowed to control the microbead diameter from 50 to 500 μm. Microbead elasticity could be tuned from 2 to 20 kPa by the POx:monomer composition, the POx chain length, net charge of the hydrogel introduced via the monomer as well as by the organic content of the aqueous phase. The proliferations of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the microbeads were studied. While neutral, hydrophilic POx-PHEMA beads were bioinert, excessive colonization of hMSCs on charged POx-PMETAC and POx-PSPMA was observed. The number of proliferated cells scaled roughly linear with the METAC or SPMA comonomer content. Additional collagen I coating further improved the stem cell proliferation. Finally, a first POx-based system for the preparation of biodegradable hydrogel microcarriers is described and evaluated for stem cell culturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Lück
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Fetcherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany; Dresden Initiative for Bioactive Interfaces & Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - René Schubel
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jannick Rüb
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Dresden Initiative for Bioactive Interfaces & Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dominik Hahn
- Dresden Initiative for Bioactive Interfaces & Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evelien Mathieu
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Fetcherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Zimmermann
- Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dieter Scharnweber
- Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Dresden Initiative for Bioactive Interfaces & Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Max-Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie Pautot
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Fetcherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Fetcherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany; Dresden Initiative for Bioactive Interfaces & Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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Sriram S, Seenivasan R. Biophotonic perception on Desmodesmus sp. VIT growth, lipid and carbohydrate content. Bioresour Technol 2015; 198:626-633. [PMID: 26433787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Constant and fluctuating light intensity significantly affects the growth and biochemical composition of microalgae and it is essential to identify suitable illumination conditions for commercial microalgae biofuel production. In the present study, effects of light intensities, light:dark cycles, incremental light intensity strategies and fluctuating light intensities simulating different sky conditions in indoor photobioreactor on Desmodesmus sp. VIT growth, lipid and carbohydrate content were analyzed in batch culture. The results revealed that Desmodesmus sp. VIT obtained maximum lipid content (22.5%) and biomass production (1.033 g/L) under incremental light intensity strategy. The highest carbohydrate content of 25.4% was observed under constant light intensity of 16,000 lx and 16:08 h light:dark cycle. The maximum biomass productivity of Desmodesmus sp. VIT (53.38 mg/L/d) was occurred under fluctuating light intensity simulating intermediate overcast sky condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Sriram
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasubbu Seenivasan
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Honda R, Rukapan W, Komura H, Teraoka Y, Noguchi M, Hoek EMV. Effects of membrane orientation on fouling characteristics of forward osmosis membrane in concentration of microalgae culture. Bioresour Technol 2015; 197:429-433. [PMID: 26356114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Application of forward osmosis (FO) membrane to microalgae cultivation processes enables concentration of microalgae and nutrients with low energy consumption. To understand fouling characteristics of FO membrane in concentration of microalgae culture, we studied flux decline, flux recovery by cleaning, and foulants characteristics, in different membrane orientation of active-layer-facing-feed-solution (AL-FS) and active-layer-facing-draw-solution (AL-DS) modes. Batch concentration of Chlorella vulgaris was conducted with a cellulose-triacetate FO membrane. Rapid flux decline and lower flux recovery was observed in AL-DS mode because of inner-membrane fouling including internal pore clogging, adsorption and internal concentration polarization in the support layer. A proportion of polysaccharides in extracellular polymeric substances to soluble microbial products were larger in chemical cleaning effluent than physical one in AL-DS mode, although those were not significantly different in AL-FS mode. Excitation-emission matrix analysis revealed that proteins and humic-like substances were also possible irreversible foulants both in AL-DS and AL-FS modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Honda
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Weerapong Rukapan
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hitomi Komura
- School of Environmental Design, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuta Teraoka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mana Noguchi
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eric M V Hoek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593, USA
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Touloupakis E, Cicchi B, Benavides AMS, Torzillo G. Effect of high pH on growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cultures and their contamination by golden algae (Poterioochromonas sp.). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1333-1341. [PMID: 26541331 PMCID: PMC4717179 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Culturing cyanobacteria in a highly alkaline environment is a possible strategy for controlling contamination by other organisms. Synechocystis PCC 6803 cells were grown in continuous cultures to assess their growth performance at different pH values. Light conversion efficiency linearly decreased with the increase in pH and ranged between 12.5 % (PAR) at pH 7.5 (optimal) and decreased to 8.9 % at pH 11.0. Photosynthetic activity, assessed by measuring both chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis rate, was not much affected going from pH 7.5 to 11.0, while productivity, growth yield, and biomass yield on light energy declined by 32, 28, and 26 % respectively at pH 11.0. Biochemical composition of the biomass did not change much within pH 7 and 10, while when grown at pH 11.0, carbohydrate content increased by 33 % while lipid content decreased by about the same amount. Protein content remained almost constant (average 65.8 % of dry weight). Cultures maintained at pH above 11.0 could grow free of contaminants (protozoa and other competing microalgae belonging to the species of Poterioochromonas).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Touloupakis
- Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Bernardo Cicchi
- Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ana Margarita Silva Benavides
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Giuseppe Torzillo
- Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Kasiri S, Ulrich A, Prasad V. Optimization of CO₂ fixation by Chlorella kessleri cultivated in a closed raceway photo-bioreactor. Bioresour Technol 2015; 194:144-155. [PMID: 26188557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to optimize biological fixation of CO2 using Chlorella kessleri cultivated in oil sands process water (OSPW). A lab-scale closed raceway photobioreactor was designed and assembled for cultivation of C. kessleri in OSPW. A fed-batch model describing the dynamics of microalgae growth and CO2, phosphate and ammonium uptake rate was developed based on batch kinetics identified in our previous study, and was successfully validated against experimental data. A model-based optimization method was used to calculate the optimal feeding strategies for CO2, phosphate and light intensity which resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the final biomass concentration and a 2-fold increase in the average CO2 uptake rate in 240 h (10 days) compared to the initial fed-batch experiment over 432 h (18 days). Finally, scale-up to large-scale continuous operation was considered, and the optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) and feeding strategy for maximum productivity were estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Kasiri
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Ania Ulrich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Vinay Prasad
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada.
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Ahsan SS, Gumus A, Jain A, Angenent LT, Erickson D. Integrated hollow fiber membranes for gas delivery into optical waveguide based photobioreactors. Bioresour Technol 2015; 192:845-849. [PMID: 26116445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Compact algal reactors are presented with: (1) closely stacked layers of waveguides to decrease light-path to enable larger optimal light-zones; (2) waveguides containing scatterers to uniformly distribute light; and (3) hollow fiber membranes to reduce energy required for gas transfer. The reactors are optimized by characterizing the aeration of different gases through hollow fiber membranes and characterizing light intensities at different culture densities. Close to 65% improvement in plateau peak productivities was achieved under low light-intensity growth experiments while maintaining 90% average/peak productivity output during 7-h light cycles. With associated mixing costs of ∼ 1 mW/L, several magnitudes smaller than closed photobioreactors, a twofold increase is realized in growth ramp rates with carbonated gas streams under high light intensities, and close to 20% output improvement across light intensities in reactors loaded with high density cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Saad Ahsan
- Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Abdurrahman Gumus
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Aadhar Jain
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Largus T Angenent
- The Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David Erickson
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Abstract
Quality control of mesenchymal stem cells is an important step before their clinical use in regenerative therapy. Among various characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, reproducibility of population compositions should be analyzed according to characteristics, such as stem cell contents and differentiation stages. Such characterization may be possible by assessing the expression of several surface markers. Here we report our attempts to utilize antibody arrays for analyzing surface markers expressed in mesenchymal stem cell populations in a high-throughput manner. Antibody arrays were fabricated using a glass plate on which a micropatterned alkanethiol monolayer was formed. Various antibodies against surface markers including CD11b, CD31, CD44, CD45, CD51, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD254 were covalently immobilized on the micropatterned surface in an array format to obtain an antibody array. To examine the feasibility of the array, cell binding assays were performed on the array using a mouse mesenchymal stem cell line. Our results showed that cell binding was observed on the arrayed spots with immobilized antibodies which exhibited reactivity to the cells in flow cytometry. It was further found that the density of cells attached to antibody spots was correlated to the mean fluorescent channel recorded in flow cytometry. These results demonstrate that data obtained by cell binding assays on the antibody array are comparable to those by the conventional flow cytometry, while throughput of the analysis is much higher with the antibody array-based method than flow cytometry. Accordingly, we concluded that the antibody array provides a high-throughput analytical method useful for the quality control of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Jazzar S, Quesada-Medina J, Olivares-Carrillo P, Marzouki MN, Acién-Fernández FG, Fernández-Sevilla JM, Molina-Grima E, Smaali I. A whole biodiesel conversion process combining isolation, cultivation and in situ supercritical methanol transesterification of native microalgae. Bioresour Technol 2015; 190:281-288. [PMID: 25965253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A coupled process combining microalgae production with direct supercritical biodiesel conversion using a reduced number of operating steps is proposed in this work. Two newly isolated native microalgae strains, identified as Chlorella sp. and Nannochloris sp., were cultivated in both batch and continuous modes. Maximum productivities were achieved during continuous cultures with 318mg/lday and 256mg/lday for Chlorella sp. and Nannochloris sp., respectively. Microalgae were further characterized by determining their photosynthetic performance and nutrient removal efficiency. Biodiesel was produced by catalyst-free in situ supercritical methanol transesterification of wet unwashed algal biomass (75wt.% of moisture). Maximum biodiesel yields of 45.62wt.% and 21.79wt.% were reached for Chlorella sp. and Nannochloris sp., respectively. The analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids of Chlorella sp. showed a decrease in their proportion when comparing conventional and supercritical transesterification processes (from 37.4% to 13.9%, respectively), thus improving the quality of the biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhir Jazzar
- LIP-MB Laboratory (LR11ES24), INSAT - University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Joaquín Quesada-Medina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Olivares-Carrillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Emilio Molina-Grima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Issam Smaali
- LIP-MB Laboratory (LR11ES24), INSAT - University of Carthage, Tunisia.
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Guo X, Yao L, Huang Q. Aeration and mass transfer optimization in a rectangular airlift loop photobioreactor for the production of microalgae. Bioresour Technol 2015; 190:189-195. [PMID: 25958141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Effects of superficial gas velocity and top clearance on gas holdup, liquid circulation velocity, mixing time, and mass transfer coefficient are investigated in a new airlift loop photobioreactor (PBR), and empirical models for its rational control and scale-up are proposed. In addition, the impact of top clearance on hydrodynamics, especially on the gas holdup in the internal airlift loop reactor, is clarified; a novel volume expansion technique is developed to determine the low gas holdup in the PBR. Moreover, a model strain of Chlorella vulgaris is cultivated in the PBR and the volumetric power is analyzed with a classic model, and then the aeration is optimized. It shows that the designed PBR, a cost-effective reactor, is promising for the mass cultivation of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Shandong Qilu Petrochemical Engineering Co. Ltd, Zibo 255400, China
| | - Lishan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Qingshan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, China.
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43
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Varas R, Guzmán-Fierro V, Giustinianovich E, Behar J, Fernández K, Roeckel M. Startup and oxygen concentration effects in a continuous granular mixed flow autotrophic nitrogen removal reactor. Bioresour Technol 2015; 190:345-351. [PMID: 25965951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The startup and performance of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process was tested in a continuously fed granular bubble column reactor (BCR) with two different aeration strategies: controlling the oxygen volumetric flow and oxygen concentration. During the startup with the control of oxygen volumetric flow, the air volume was adjusted to 60mL/h and the CANON reactor had volumetric N loadings ranging from 7.35 to 100.90mgN/Ld with 36-71% total nitrogen removal and high instability. In the second stage, the reactor was operated at oxygen concentrations of 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2mg/L. The best condition was 0.2 mgO2/L with a total nitrogen removal of 75.36% with a CANON reactor activity of 0.1149gN/gVVSd and high stability. The feasibility and effectiveness of CANON processes with oxygen control was demonstrated, showing an alternative design tool for efficiently removing nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Varas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160 C Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
| | - Víctor Guzmán-Fierro
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160 C Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
| | - Elisa Giustinianovich
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160 C Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jack Behar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160 C Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
| | - Katherina Fernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160 C Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marlene Roeckel
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160 C Correo 3, Concepción, Chile.
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Chen J, Zheng F, Guo R. Algal Feedback and Removal Efficiency in a Sequencing Batch Reactor Algae Process (SBAR) to Treat the Antibiotic Cefradine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133273. [PMID: 26177093 PMCID: PMC4503666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many previous studies focused on the removal capability for contaminants when the algae grown in an unexposed, unpolluted environment and ignored whether the feedback of algae to the toxic stress influenced the removal capability in a subsequent treatment batch. The present research investigated and compared algal feedback and removal efficiency in a sequencing batch reactor algae process (SBAR) to remove cefradine. Three varied pollution load conditions (10, 30 and 60 mg/L) were considered. Compared with the algal characteristics in the first treatment batch at 10 and 30 mg/L, higher algal growth inhibition rates were observed in the second treatment batch (11.23% to 20.81%). In contrast, algae produced more photosynthetic pigments in response to cefradine in the second treatment batch. A better removal efficiency (76.02%) was obtained during 96 h when the alga treated the antibiotic at 60 mg/L in the first treatment batch and at 30 mg/L in the second treatment batch. Additionally, the removal rate per unit algal density was also improved when the alga treated the antibiotic at 30 or 60 mg/L in the first treatment batch, respectively and at 30 mg/L in the second treatment batch. Our result indicated that the green algae were also able to adapt to varied pollution loads in different treatment batches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengzhu Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Harvesting is one of the key challenges to determine the feasibility of producing biodiesel from algae. This paper presents experimental results for a cost-effective system to harvest Chaetoceros calcitrans, using natural sedimentation, flocculation, and inducing pH. No efficient sedimentation of microalgal cells was observed only by gravity. By alkalinity-induced flocculation, at a pH value of 9.51, 86% recovery of the cells was achieved with a sedimentation rate of 125 cm/h and a concentration factor (CF) of 4 (volume/volume (v/v)) in 10 min. The maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of concentrated cells was almost the same as fresh culture (0.621). Commercial flocculants, aluminium sulphate and poly-aluminium chloride (PAC), were also successful in harvesting the studied algal cells. Optimum concentration of aluminium sulphate (AS) could be concluded as 10 ppm with 87.6% recovery and 7.10 CF (v/v) in 30 min for cost-efficient harvesting, whereas for PAC it was 20 ppm with 74% recovery and 6.6 CF (v/v). Fv/Fm yields of concentrated cells with AS and PAC showed a 1% reduction compared to fresh culture. Mg+2 was the triggering ion for alkalinity-induced flocculation in the conditions studied. The rheology behaviour of the concentrated cells was Newtonian with values between 2.2×10(-3) and 2.3×10(-3) Pa s at 30°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Şirin
- a Departament d'Enginyeria Química , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , 43007 Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain
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Yang J, Zhou F, Xing R, Lin Y, Han Y, Teng C, Wang Q. Development of large-scale size-controlled adult pancreatic progenitor cell clusters by an inkjet-printing technique. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:11624-11630. [PMID: 25961432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The generation of transplantable β-cells from pancreatic progenitor cells (PPCs) could serve as an ideal cell-based therapy for diabetes. Because the transplant efficiency depends on the size of islet-like clusters, it becomes one of the key research topics to produce PPCs with controlled cluster sizes in a scalable manner. In this study, we used inkjet printing to pattern biogenic nanoparticles, i.e., mutant tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), with different spot sizes to support the formation of multicellular clusters by PPCs. We successfully achieved TMV particle patterns with variable features and sizes by adjusting the surface wettability and printing speed. The spot sizes of cell-adhesive TMV mutant arrays were in the range of 50-150 μm diameter. Mouse PPCs were seeded on the TMV-RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartate)-patterned polystyrene (PS) substrate, which consists of areas that either favor (TMV-RGD) or prohibit (bare PS) cell adhesion. The PPCs stably attached, proliferated on top of the TMV-RGD support, thus resulting in the formation of uniform and confluent PPC clusters. Furthermore, the aggregated PPCs also maintained their multipotency and were positive for E-cadherin, indicating that the formation of cell-cell junctions is critical for enhanced cell-cell contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhou
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Rubo Xing
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Teng
- §College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Giannetto MJ, Retotar A, Rismani-Yazdi H, Peccia J. Using carbon dioxide to maintain an elevated oleaginous microalga concentration in mixed-culture photo-bioreactors. Bioresour Technol 2015; 185:178-184. [PMID: 25768421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial contamination of growth reactors is a major concern for microalgal biofuel production. In this study, the oleaginous, CO2-tolerant microalga Scenedesmus dimorphus was combined with a wastewater-derived microbial community and grown in replicated sequencing batch photobioreactors. The reactors were sparged with either ambient air or 20% v/v CO2. In the initial growth cycles, air and the 20% CO2 reactors were similar in terms of growth and microbial community structure. Beyond the fourth growth cycle, however, the ambient air reactors had larger decreases in cell density and growth rate, and increases in species richness and non-algal microorganisms compared to the 20% CO2 reactors. Both qPCR and rDNA sequence analyses demonstrated a greater loss in S. dimorphus enrichment in the ambient-air reactors compared to the 20% CO2 reactors. These results demonstrate that environmental parameters can be used to delay the adverse impacts of microbial contamination in open, mixed-culture microalgae bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Giannetto
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Allison Retotar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hamid Rismani-Yazdi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jordan Peccia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Hirt C, Papadimitropoulos A, Muraro MG, Mele V, Panopoulos E, Cremonesi E, Ivanek R, Schultz-Thater E, Droeser RA, Mengus C, Heberer M, Oertli D, Iezzi G, Zajac P, Eppenberger-Castori S, Tornillo L, Terracciano L, Martin I, Spagnoli GC. Bioreactor-engineered cancer tissue-like structures mimic phenotypes, gene expression profiles and drug resistance patterns observed "in vivo". Biomaterials 2015; 62:138-46. [PMID: 26051518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer compound screening on 2D cell cultures poorly predicts "in vivo" performance, while conventional 3D culture systems are usually characterized by limited cell proliferation, failing to produce tissue-like-structures (TLS) suitable for drug testing. We addressed engineering of TLS by culturing cancer cells in porous scaffolds under perfusion flow. Colorectal cancer (CRC) HT-29 cells were cultured in 2D, on collagen sponges in static conditions or in perfused bioreactors, or injected subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice. Perfused 3D (p3D) cultures resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.0001) cell proliferation than static 3D (s3D) cultures and yielded more homogeneous TLS, with morphology and phenotypes similar to xenografts. Transcriptome analysis revealed a high correlation between xenografts and p3D cultures, particularly for gene clusters regulating apoptotic processes and response to hypoxia. Treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a frequently used but often clinically ineffective chemotherapy drug, induced apoptosis, down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes (BCL-2, TRAF1, and c-FLIP) and decreased cell numbers in 2D, but only "nucleolar stress" in p3D and xenografts. Conversely, BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199 induced cytotoxic effects in p3D but not in 2D cultures. Our findings advocate the importance of perfusion flow in 3D cultures of tumor cells to efficiently mimic functional features observed "in vivo" and to test anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hirt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adam Papadimitropoulos
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuele G Muraro
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Mele
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evangelos Panopoulos
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Cremonesi
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elke Schultz-Thater
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raoul A Droeser
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Mengus
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Heberer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Oertli
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giandomenica Iezzi
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Zajac
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Luigi Tornillo
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Giulio C Spagnoli
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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Hu J, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Zhao S, Mei Y, Liang Y, Peng N. High-titer lactic acid production from NaOH-pretreated corn stover by Bacillus coagulans LA204 using fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation under non-sterile condition. Bioresour Technol 2015; 182:251-257. [PMID: 25704098 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid (LA) is an important chemical with various industrial applications. Non-food feedstock is commercially attractive for use in LA production; however, efficient LA fermentation from lignocellulosic biomass resulting in both high yield and titer faces technical obstacles. In this study, the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus coagulans LA204 demonstrated considerable ability to ferment glucose, xylose, and cellobiose to LA. Importantly, LA204 produces LA from several NaOH-pretreated agro stovers, with remarkably high yields through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). A fed-batch SSF process conducted at 50°C and pH 6.0, using a cellulase concentration of 30 FPU (filter paper unit)/g stover and 10 g/L yeast extract in a 5-L bioreactor, was developed to produce LA from 14.4% (w/w) NaOH-pretreated non-sterile corn stover. LA titer, yield, and average productivity reached 97.59 g/L, 0.68 g/g stover, and 1.63 g/L/h, respectively. This study presents a feasible process for lignocellulosic LA production from abundant agro stovers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yanxu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shumiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuxia Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yunxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Nan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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50
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Huang W, Li B, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Lei Z, Lu B, Zhou B. Effect of algae growth on aerobic granulation and nutrients removal from synthetic wastewater by using sequencing batch reactors. Bioresour Technol 2015; 179:187-192. [PMID: 25544496 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of algae growth on aerobic granulation and nutrients removal was studied in two identical sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Sunlight exposure promoted the growth of algae in the SBR (Rs), forming an algal-bacterial symbiosis in aerobic granules. Compared to the control SBR (Rc), Rs had a slower granulation process with granules of loose structure and smaller particle size. Moreover, the specific oxygen uptake rate was significantly decreased for the granules from Rs with secretion of 25.7% and 22.5% less proteins and polysaccharides respectively in the extracellular polymeric substances. Although little impact was observed on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, algal-bacterial symbiosis deteriorated N and P removals, about 40.7-45.4% of total N and 44% of total P in Rs in contrast to 52.9-58.3% of TN and 90% of TP in Rc, respectively. In addition, the growth of algae altered the microbial community in Rs, especially unfavorable for Nitrospiraceae and Nitrosomonadaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Huang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Bing Li
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Chao Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Baowang Lu
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Beibei Zhou
- Shanghai Biotechnology Corporation, 121 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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