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Silva TP, Paixão SM, Tavares J, Paradela F, Crujeira T, Roseiro JC, Alves L. Streamlining the biodesulfurization process: development of an integrated continuous system prototype using Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B. RSC Adv 2024; 14:725-742. [PMID: 38173596 PMCID: PMC10758933 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07405f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Biodesulfurization is a biotechnological process that uses microorganisms as biocatalysts to actively remove sulfur from fuels. It has the potential to be cleaner and more efficient than the current industrial process, however several bottlenecks have prevented its implementation. Additionally, most works propose models based on direct cultivation on fuel, or batch production of biocatalysts followed by a processing step before application to batch biodesulfurization, which are difficult to replicate at a larger scale. Thus, there is a need for a model that can be adapted to a refining process, where fuel is being continuously produced to meet consumer needs. The main goal of this work was to develop the first bench-scale continuous biodesulfurization system that integrates biocatalyst production, biodesulfurization and fuel separation, into a single continuous process, taking advantage of the method for the continuous production of the biodesulfurization biocatalysts previously established. This system eliminates the need to process the biocatalysts and facilitates fuel separation, while mitigating some of the process bottlenecks. First, using the bacterium Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B, continuous culture conditions were optimized to double biocatalyst production, and the produced biocatalysts were applied in batch biphasic biodesulfurization assays for a better understanding of the influence of different factors. Then, the novel integrated system was developed and evaluated using a model fuel (n-heptane + dibenzothiophene) in continuous biodesulfurization assays. With this system strain 1B surpassed its highest biodesulfurization rate, reaching 21 μmol h-1 g-1. Furthermore, by testing a recalcitrant model fuel, composed of n-heptane with dibenzothiophene and three alkylated derivatives (with 109 ppm of sulfur), 72% biodesulfurization was achieved by repeatedly passing the same fuel through the system, maintaining a constant response throughout sequential biodesulfurization cycles. Lastly, the system was also tested with real fuels (used tire/plastic pyrolysis oil; sweet and sour crude oils), revealing increased desulfurization activity. These results highlight the potential of the continuous biodesulfurization system to accelerate the transition from bench to commercial scale, contributing to the development of biodesulfurization biorefineries, centered on the valorization of sulfur-rich residues/biomasses for energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago P Silva
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, IP, Unidade de Bioenergia e Biorrefinarias Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22 1649-038 Portugal
| | - Susana M Paixão
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, IP, Unidade de Bioenergia e Biorrefinarias Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22 1649-038 Portugal
| | - João Tavares
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, IP, Unidade de Bioenergia e Biorrefinarias Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22 1649-038 Portugal
| | - Filipe Paradela
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, IP, Unidade de Bioenergia e Biorrefinarias Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22 1649-038 Portugal
| | - Teresa Crujeira
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, IP, Unidade de Bioenergia e Biorrefinarias Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22 1649-038 Portugal
| | - José C Roseiro
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, IP, Unidade de Bioenergia e Biorrefinarias Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22 1649-038 Portugal
| | - Luís Alves
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, IP, Unidade de Bioenergia e Biorrefinarias Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22 1649-038 Portugal
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Al-Khazaali WMK, Ataei SA, Khesareh S. Biodesulfurization of Fossil Fuels: Analysis and Prospective. F1000Res 2023; 12:1116. [PMID: 38533421 PMCID: PMC10964007 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.133427.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biodesulfurization (BDS) of fossil fuels is a promising method for treating the high content of sulfur in crude oils and their derivatives in the future, attributed to its environmental-friendly nature and the technical efficient ability to desulfurize the organosulfur compounds recalcitrant on other techniques. It was found that the bioreaction rate depends on the treated fluid, targeting sulfur compounds, and the microorganism applied. Also, many studies investigated the operation conditions, specificity, and biocatalysts modification to develop BDS efficiency. Furthermore, mathematical kinetics models were formulated to represent the process. In this review, the previous studies are analyzed and discussed. This review article is characterized by a clear picture of all BDS's experimental, industrial, procedural, theoretical, and hypothetical points.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Ahmad Ataei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Khesareh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Glekas PD, Martzoukou O, Mastrodima ME, Zarkadoulas E, Kanakoglou DS, Kekos D, Pachnos M, Mavridis G, Mamma D, Hatzinikolaou DG. Deciphering the biodesulfurization potential of two novel Rhodococcus isolates from a unique Greek environment. AIMS Microbiol 2022; 8:484-506. [PMID: 36694580 PMCID: PMC9834085 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable biodesulfurization (BDS) processes require the use of microbial biocatalysts that display high activity against the recalcitrant heterocyclic sulfur compounds and can simultaneously withstand the harsh conditions of contact with petroleum products, inherent to any industrial biphasic BDS system. In this framework, the functional microbial BDS-related diversity in a naturally oil-exposed ecosystem, was examined through a 4,6-dimethyl-dibenzothiophene based enrichment process. Two new Rhodococcus sp. strains were isolated, which during a medium optimization process revealed a significantly enhanced BDS activity profile when compared to the model strain R. qingshengii IGTS8. In biocatalyst stability studies conducted in biphasic mode using partially hydrodesulfurized diesel under various process conditions, the new strains also presented an enhanced stability phenotype. In these studies, it was also demonstrated for all strains, that the BDS activity losses were decoupled from the overall cells' viability, in addition to the fact that the use of whole-broth biocatalyst positively affected BDS performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis D. Glekas
- Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Martzoukou
- Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Mastrodima
- Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Zarkadoulas
- Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios S. Kanakoglou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kekos
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Sector of Synthesis and Development of Industrial Processes (IV), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Pachnos
- Division of European Affairs, Motor Oil Hellas, 15121 Marousi, Athens, Greece
| | - George Mavridis
- Division of European Affairs, Motor Oil Hellas, 15121 Marousi, Athens, Greece
| | - Diomi Mamma
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Sector of Synthesis and Development of Industrial Processes (IV), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece,* Correspondence:
| | - Dimitris G. Hatzinikolaou
- Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15784 Athens, Greece,* Correspondence: ; Tel: +306932782004
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Efficient biodesulfurization of diesel oil by Gordonia sp. SC-10 with highly hydrophobic cell surfaces. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stylianou M, Vyrides I, Agapiou A. Oil biodesulfurization: A review of applied analytical techniques. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1171:122602. [PMID: 33744596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The wide use of fossil fuels and their associated environmental concerns, highlighted the importance of affordable and clean energy (goal 7), as adopted by the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations for 2030. For years now, the detection of sulfur components in liquid fuels is performed mainly for environmental and health purposes in compliance with the respective legislations. Towards this, the aerobic and anaerobic biodesulfurization (BDS) process, which entails the use of microorganisms to limit the sulfur concentration is followed. To ensure effective BDS, several traditional analytical methods are utilized, although they require bench-top, bulky, costly, and time-consuming instruments along with skilled personnel. The currently employed analytical methods are mostly chromatographic techniques (e.g. liquid and gas) coupled with various detectors. To start with, high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV), as well as electrospray ionization-LC-mass spectrometry (ESI-LC-MS) were mostly reported. Additionally, many detectors were coupled to gas chromatography (CG) including atomic emission detector (GC-AED), flame ionization detector (GC-FID), flame photometric detector (GC-FPD), sulfur fluorescence detector (GC-SFD), mass selective detector (GC-MS), etc. The solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique provides extra capabilities when added to the separation techniques. Towards the continuous interest in oil supercomplex synthesis, other atmospheric and surface desorption ionization techniques, as well as the multidimensional 2D chromatographic systems (GC × GC and LC × LC) were also investigated, due to their unsurpassed resolution power. The current review ends with final remarks per applied methodology and the necessity to respect and protect the human environment and life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Stylianou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Vyrides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 57 Anexartisias Str., P.O. BOX 50329, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Mojaverian Kermani A, Mahmoodi V, Ghahramaninezhad M, Ahmadpour A. Highly efficient and green catalyst of {Mo132} nanoballs supported on ionic liquid-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles for oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Nassar HN, Abu Amr SS, El-Gendy NS. Biodesulfurization of refractory sulfur compounds in petro-diesel by a novel hydrocarbon tolerable strain Paenibacillus glucanolyticus HN4. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:8102-8116. [PMID: 33048293 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the main precursors of air pollution and acid rains is the presence of the recalcitrant thiophenic compounds, for example dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives in transportation fuels. In an attempt to achieve the worldwide regulations of ultra-low sulfur transportation fuels without affecting its hydrocarbon skeleton, a biphasic medium containing 100 mg/L DBT dissolved in n-hexadecane (1/4 oil/water v/v) used for enrichment and isolation of selective biodesulfurizing bacterium from an oil-polluted sediment sample collected from Egyptian Red Sea shoreline. The isolated bacterium is facultative anaerobe, motile, spore-former, and mesophile. It is genetically identified as Paenibacillus glucanolyticus strain HN4 (NCBI Gene Bank Accession No. MT645230). HN4 desulfurized DBT as a model of the recalcitrant thiophenic compounds without affecting its hydrocarbon skeleton via the 4S-pathway producing 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) as a dead end product. HN4 substantiated to be a hydrocarbon tolerant, biosurfactants(s) producer, and endorsed unique enzymatic system capable of desulfurizing broad range of thiophenic compounds and expressed an efficient desulfurization activity against the recalcitrant alkylated DBTs. As far our knowledge, it is the first reported BDS study using P. glucanolyticus. Statistical optimization based on One-Factor-At-A-Time (OFAT) technique and response surface methodology (RSM) applied for elucidation of mathematical model correlations describing and optimizing the effect of different physicochemical parameters on batch biphasic BDS process. That illustrated an approximate increase in BDS efficiency by 1.34 fold and recorded 94% sulfur removal in biphasic batch process at optimum operation conditions of 120 h, 0.14 wt% S-content model oil (DBT dissolved in n-hexadecane), 33.5 °C, pH7 and 1/1 oil/water phase ratio, and 147 rpm. Resting cells of HN4 in a biphasic reactor (1/1 v/v) decreased the sulfur content of a refractory thiophenic model oil (thiophene, benzothiophene, DBT, and alkylated DBT dissolved in n-hexadecane) from 0.14 to 0.027 wt%, and petro-diesel from 0.2 to 0.04 wt%, within 120 h, keeping the calorific value of the treated fuel intact. Consequently, that novel strain could be recommended as a promising candidate for BDS as complementary to hydrodesulfurization process in oil refinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein N Nassar
- Petroleum Biotechnology Lab., Department of Process Design and Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt
- Nanobiotechnology Program, Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Salem S Abu Amr
- Faculty of Engineering, Karabuk University, Demir Campus, 78050 Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Nour Sh El-Gendy
- Petroleum Biotechnology Lab., Department of Process Design and Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
- Nanobiotechnology Program, Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, 12588, Egypt.
- Center of Excellence, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt.
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Mawad AMM, Hassanein M, Aldaby ES, Yousef N. Desulphurisation kinetics of thiophenic compound by sulphur oxidizing Klebsiella oxytoca SOB-1. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1181-1191. [PMID: 32813930 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The major aims of this study are to determine the capability of sulphur oxidizing bacterium (SOB-1) to desulphurize dibenzothiophene (DBT) and crude oil, detection of the reaction kinetics and identify the proposed pathway of DBT desulphurization. METHODS AND RESULTS The isolate was genetically identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Klebsiella oxytoca and deposited in the Genebank database under the accession number: MT355440. The HPLC analysis of the remaining DBT concentration revealed that, SOB-1 could desulphurize 90% of DBT (0·25 mmol l-1 ) within 96 h. The maximum production of sulphate ions from the desulphurization of DBT (0·36 mmol l-1 ) and crude oil (0·4 mmol l-1 ) could be quantitatively detected after 48 h of incubation at 30°C. The high values of correlation coefficient (R2 ) obtained at all studied concentrations; suggested that biodesulfurization kinetics of DBT follows the first-order reaction model. The kinetics studies showed that, DBT may have an inhibitory effect on SOB-1 when the initial concentration exceeded 0·75 mmol l-1 . The GC-MS analysis exhibited four main metabolites rather than DBT. The most important ones are 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) and methoxybiphenyl n(2-MBP). CONCLUSIONS Klebsiella oxytoca SOB-1 catalyzes the desulphurization of DBT through 4S pathway and forms four main metabolic products. The release of sulphate ion and formation of 2-HBP indicating the elimination of sulphur group without altering the carbon skeleton of DBT. The bacterial strain could also catalyzes desulphurization of crude oil. The desulphurization kinetics follows the first-order reaction model. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Klebsiella oxytoca SOB-1 could be used as a promising industrial and environmental biodesulfurizing agent as it is not affecting carbon skeleton of thiophenic compounds and forming less toxic metabolic product (2-MBP).
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M Mawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Biology Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Hassanein
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - E S Aldaby
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - N Yousef
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Elwan HA, Zaky MT, Farag AS, Soliman FS, Hassan MED. Efficient pyridinium-based ionic liquid for deep oxidative desulfurization of model oil. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dejaloud A, Habibi A, Vahabzadeh F. DBT desulfurization by Rhodococcus erythropolis PTCC 1767 in aqueous and biphasic systems. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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