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Schmidt RJ, King MR, Aronson MFJ, Struwe L. Hidden cargo: The impact of historical shipping trade on the recent-past and contemporary non-native flora of northeastern United States. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16224. [PMID: 37551431 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Understanding establishment and spread of non-native plants is important in the face of a homogenizing global flora. While many studies focus on successful, invasive species, fewer have studied failed plant introductions. Until the early 1900s, large quantities of ship ballast, often containing foreign plant propagules, were deposited in New Jersey (USA). The resulting ballast flora is documented in extensive herbarium records, providing us a unique opportunity to analyze successes and failures of novel plant species introductions. METHODS We used digitized specimens from 75 herbaria to study 264 non-native species introduced into New Jersey through 19th century ballast deposition. We used spatial (density-based clustering; HDBSCAN) and temporal analyses of species retention and geographic spread to quantify disappearance rate, survival, and dispersion through time and define trajectory groups. RESULTS Four distinct trajectory groups were identified: waif (only present during import; 32% of species), short-term (disappeared quickly; 20%), established-limited spread (survives locally, 30%), and established-widespread (widespread, 18%). Species disappearance rate was highest during ballast deposition and decreased soon after deposition stopped around 1900. Spatial patterns showed a strong association with 19th century railroads for inland dispersal from ports. The disappearance rate and spatial analyses are robust to herbarium collection bias. CONCLUSIONS This study using New Jersey as a model is one of the few documenting multispecies successes and failures in inadvertent plant introductions. Results reveal distinct trends in species establishment and geographic spread and highlight the utility of herbarium specimens in answering questions that span large time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Schmidt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8551, USA
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8551, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Megan R King
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8551, USA
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8551, USA
| | - Myla F J Aronson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8551, USA
| | - Lena Struwe
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8551, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8551, USA
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Viviano A, D'Amico M, Mori E. Aliens on the Road: Surveying Wildlife Roadkill to Assess the Risk of Biological Invasion. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:850. [PMID: 37372135 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the presence and distribution of alien species is pivotal to assessing the risk of biological invasion. In our study, we carried out a worldwide review of roadkill data to investigate geographical patterns of biological invasions. We hypothesise that roadkill data from published literature can turn out to be a valuable resource for researchers and wildlife managers, especially when more focused surveys cannot be performed. We retrieved a total of 2314 works published until January 2022. Among those, only 41 (including our original data) fitted our requirements (i.e., including a total list of roadkilled terrestrial vertebrates, with a number of affected individuals for each species) and were included in our analysis. All roadkilled species from retrieved studies were classified as native or introduced (domestic, paleo-introduced, or recently released). We found that a higher number of introduced species would be recorded among roadkill in Mediterranean and Temperate areas with respect to Tropical and Desert biomes. This is definitely in line with the current knowledge on alien species distribution at the global scale, thus confirming that roadkill datasets can be used beyond the study of road impacts, such as for an assessment of different levels of biological invasions among different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Viviano
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Amico
- Department of Conservation Biology and Global Change, Doñana Biological Station, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Emiliano Mori
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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de Beer IW, Hui C, Botella C, Richardson DM. Drivers of compositional turnover of narrow-ranged versus widespread naturalised woody plants in South Africa. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAlien trees and shrubs have become increasingly common invaders globally and have caused major negative impacts to ecosystems and society. Non-native woody plant species make up the majority of legislated invasive alien taxa in South Africa and contribute substantially to recorded negative impacts. It is of management interest to elucidate the macroecological processes that mediate the assembly of alien taxa, as this is expected to be associated with anthropogenic factors (e.g., human activity, introduction events, pathways of propagule dispersal mediated by humans) and bioclimatic factors (such as diurnal temperature range and precipitation gradients). These analyses require large species-occurrence datasets with comprehensive sampling across broad environmental conditions. Efforts of citizen scientists produce large numbers of occurrence records in a consistent manner which may be utilised for scientific investigations.MethodsResearch Grade occurrence data on naturalised plants of South Africa were extracted from the citizen scientist platform iNaturalist. Sampling bias was mitigated using statistical modelling of background points estimated from a Target Group of species which identifies well sampled communities. The drivers of assembly for alien plants at different range sizes were identified using multi-site generalised dissimilarity modelling (MS-GDM) of zeta diversity. The predicted compositional similarity between all cells was computed based on the subset of identified well sampled communities and using generalised dissimilarity modelling (GDM). From this, alien bioregions were identified using a k-means cluster analysis.Results and DiscussionBioclimatic factors significantly influenced community turnover in inland areas with large diurnal temperature ranges, and in areas with high precipitation. Communities separated by large geographical distances had significantly different compositions, indicating little contribution of long-range propagule movement by humans, and the presence of localised introduction hubs within the country which harbour unique species compositions. Analyses also showed a significant contribution of road density to turnover, which may be moderated by the habitat service provided by road verges. The same is true for natural dispersal via rivers in arid areas. The distribution of naturalised tree and shrub species is geographically clustered and forms six alien bioregions that are distinct from the South African biomes defined by native species distributionanalysis.
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de Oliveira Junior ND, Diniz ÉS, Avila Jr RSD. Composition and phylogenetic structure of Pampean grasslands under distinct land use and presence of alien species. COMMUNITY ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42974-023-00136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Lee SR, Son DC. Genetic diversity pattern reveals the primary determinant of burcucumber ( Sicyos angulatus L.) invasion in Korea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:997521. [PMID: 36457533 PMCID: PMC9706109 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.997521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasion is a complex process associated with propagule pressure, dispersal ability, environmental constraints, and human interventions, which leave genetic signatures. The population genetics of an invasive species thus provides invaluable insights into the patterns of invasion. Burcucumber, one of the most detrimental weeds for soybean production in US, has recently colonized Korea and rapidly spread posing a great threat to the natural ecosystem. We aim to infer the determinants of the rapid burcucumber invasion by examining the genetic diversity, demography, and spread pattern with advanced genomic tools. We employed 2,696 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms to assess the level of diversity and the spatial pattern associated with the landscape factors and to infer the demographic changes of 24 populations (364 genotypes) across four major river basins with the east coastal streams in South Korea. Through the approximate Bayesian computation, we inferred the likely invasion scenario of burcucumber in Korea. The landscape genetics approach adopting the circuit theory and MaxEnt model was applied to determine the landscape contributors. Our data suggested that most populations have experienced population bottlenecks, which led to lowered within-population genetic diversity and inflated population divergences. Burcucumber colonization in Korea has strongly been affected by demographic bottlenecks and multiple introductions, whereas environmental factors were not the primary determinant of the invasion. Our work highlighted the significance of preventing secondary introductions, particularly for aggressive weedy plants such as the burcucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Rang Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong Chan Son
- Division of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, South Korea
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Wani SA, Ahmad R, Gulzar R, Rashid I, Malik AH, Rashid I, Khuroo AA. Diversity, Distribution and Drivers of Alien Flora in the Indian Himalayan Region. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Mota NM, Gastauer M, Carrión JF, Meira-Neto JAA. Roads as conduits of functional and phylogenetic degradation in Caatinga. Trop Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-022-00245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Barrett CF, Huebner CD, Bender ZA, Budinsky TA, Corbett CW, Latvis M, McKain MR, Motley M, Skibicki SV, Thixton HL, Santee MV, Cumberledge AN. Digitized collections elucidate invasion history and patterns of awn polymorphism in Microstegium vimineum. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:689-705. [PMID: 35435240 PMCID: PMC9327524 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Digitized collections can help illuminate the mechanisms behind the establishment and spread of invasive plants. These databases provide a record of traits in space and time that allows for investigation of abiotic and biotic factors that influence invasive species. METHODS Over 1100 digitized herbarium records were examined to investigate the invasion history and trait variation of Microstegium vimineum. Presence-absence of awns was investigated to quantify geographic patterns of this polymorphic trait, which serves several functions in grasses, including diaspore burial and dispersal to germination sites. Floret traits were further quantified, and genomic analyses of contemporary samples were conducted to investigate the history of M. vimineum's introduction and spread into North America. RESULTS Herbarium records revealed similar patterns of awn polymorphism in native and invaded ranges of M. vimineum, with awned forms predominating at higher latitudes and awnless forms at lower latitudes. Herbarium records and genomic data suggested initial introduction and spread of the awnless form in the southeastern United States, followed by a putative secondary invasion and spread of the awned form from eastern Pennsylvania. Awned forms have longer florets, and floret size varies significantly with latitude. There is evidence of a transition zone with short-awned specimens at mid-latitudes. Genomic analyses revealed two distinct clusters corresponding to awnless and awned forms, with evidence of admixture. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the power of herbarium data to elucidate the invasion history of a problematic weed in North America and, together with genomic data, reveal a possible key trait in introduction success: presence or absence of an awn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig F. Barrett
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia University53 Campus DriveMorgantownWest Virginia26506USA
| | - Cynthia D. Huebner
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia University53 Campus DriveMorgantownWest Virginia26506USA
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station180 Canfield StreetMorgantownWest Virginia26505USA
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, 4100 Agricultural Sciences BuildingP.O. Box 6108MorgantownWest Virginia26506USA
| | - Zoe A. Bender
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia University53 Campus DriveMorgantownWest Virginia26506USA
- Department of BiologyGettysburg College300 North Washington StreetGettysburgPennsylvania17325USA
| | - Trezalka A. Budinsky
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia University53 Campus DriveMorgantownWest Virginia26506USA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Pittsburgh4249 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPennsylvania15260USA
| | - Cameron W. Corbett
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia University53 Campus DriveMorgantownWest Virginia26506USA
| | - Maribeth Latvis
- Department of Natural Resource ManagementSouth Dakota State University, 1390 College Avenue, South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth Dakota57007USA
| | - Michael R. McKain
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alabama300 Hackberry LaneTuscaloosaAlabama35487USA
| | - M'Kayla Motley
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alabama300 Hackberry LaneTuscaloosaAlabama35487USA
| | - Samuel V. Skibicki
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia University53 Campus DriveMorgantownWest Virginia26506USA
| | - Hana L. Thixton
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia University53 Campus DriveMorgantownWest Virginia26506USA
| | - Mathilda V. Santee
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia University53 Campus DriveMorgantownWest Virginia26506USA
| | - Aubrey N. Cumberledge
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia University53 Campus DriveMorgantownWest Virginia26506USA
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Rogers J, Humagain K, Pearson A. Mapping the purple menace: spatiotemporal distribution of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) along roadsides in northern New York State. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5270. [PMID: 35347196 PMCID: PMC8960840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) is an invasive, herbaceous plant, frequently found in wetlands, creating monoculture stands, resulting in intensive management strategies in central New York, Ontario, and Quebec. The goal of this study was to identify the extent of infestations and to investigate factors that promote the spread of purple loosestrife. We attempted to answer several questions regarding level of infestation, connection to mowing, and influence of culverts. During flowering season in July and August, 2017–2019, we mapped infestations along 150 km (93 miles) of state highway between the Adirondack Park and the St. Lawrence River using the ESRI Collector app. The results of our preliminary analysis revealed significant increase in the number of plants (P < 0.001). In addition, a linear correlation analysis demonstrated a higher loosestrife density with an increase in plant species richness and a decrease in the distance to the closest infestation and wetland (P < 0.001 each). We found no statistical evidence that mowing promotes the spread of loosestrife. As expected, there were more individual infestations in highway ditches, but larger and denser infestations in wetlands (P = 0.003 in 2019). Culverts enable purple loosestrife to spread underneath highways and should be managed to prevent spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rogers
- Department of Environmental Studies, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, USA.
| | - Kamal Humagain
- Department of Geology, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, USA
| | - Adam Pearson
- Department of Geology, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, USA
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Kotowska D, Pärt T, Skórka P, Auffret AG, Żmihorski M. Scale‐dependence of landscape heterogeneity effects on plant invasions. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kotowska
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33 Kraków Poland
| | - Tomas Pärt
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE Uppsala Sweden
| | - Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33 Kraków Poland
| | - Alistair G. Auffret
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE Uppsala Sweden
| | - Michał Żmihorski
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17‐230 Białowieża Poland
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Response of plant diversity of urban remnant mountains to surrounding urban spatial morphology: a case study in Guiyang of Guizhou Province, China. Urban Ecosyst 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-021-01154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractThe spread of alien species with the expansion of road networks and increasing traffic is a well-known phenomenon globally. Besides their corridor effects, road maintenance practices, such as the use of de-icing salts during winter facilitate the spread of halophyte (salt tolerant) species along roads. A good example is Plantago coronopus, a mainly coastal halophyte which has started spreading inland from the Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal habitats, recently reaching even Central European countries (e.g. Hungary). Here we studied the spread of this halophyte and tried to identify factors explaining its successful dispersion along roads, while also comparing native and non-native roadside occurrences with regard to altitude of the localities, size of roadside populations and frequency of roadside occurrences. We completed a comprehensive literature review and collected more than 200 reports of occurrence from roadsides spanning a total of 38 years. During systematic sampling the frequency of the species along roads was significantly higher in the Mediterranean (native area), than along Hungarian (non-native area) roads, however the average number of individuals at the sampling localities were very similar, and no significant difference could be detected. Using a germination experiment, we demonstrate that although the species is able to germinate even at high salt concentrations, salt is not required for germination. Indeed salt significantly decreases germination probability of the seeds. The successful spread of the species could most likely be explained by its remarkably high seed production, or some special characteristics (e.g. seed dimorphism) and its ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions. Considering the recent and rapid eastward spread of P. coronopus, occurrences in other countries where it has not been reported yet can be predicted in coming years.
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Invasive Plant Species Distribution Is Structured by Soil and Habitat Type in the City Landscape. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040773. [PMID: 33920822 PMCID: PMC8071169 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Invasive alien species (IAS) is a global problem that largely relates to human activities and human settlements. To prevent the further spread of IAS, we first need to know their pattern of distribution, to determine which constitutes the greatest threat, and understand which habitats and migration pathways they prefer. Our research aimed to identify the main vectors and distribution pattern of IAS of plants in the city environment. We checked the relations between species distribution and such environmental factors as urban soil type and habitat type. We applied data on IAS occurrence (collected in the period 1973-2015) in 515 permanent plots with dimensions of 0.5 × 0.5 km and analyzed by direct ordination methods. In total, we recorded 66 IAS. We found a 27% variance in the IAS distribution pattern, which can be explained by statistically significant soil and habitat types. The most important for species distribution were: river and alluvial soils, forests and related rusty soils, and places of intensive human activities, including areas of urbisols and industriosols. Our results provide details that can inform local efforts for the management and control of invasive species, and they provide evidence of the different associations between natural patterns and human land use.
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Lemke A, Buchholz S, Kowarik I, Starfinger U, von der Lippe M. Interaction of traffic intensity and habitat features shape invasion dynamics of an invasive alien species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in a regional road network. NEOBIOTA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.64.58775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Road corridors are important conduits for plant invasions, and an understanding of the underlying mechanisms is necessary for efficient management of invasive alien species in road networks. Previous studies identified road type with different traffic volumes as a key driver of seed dispersal and abundance of alien plants along roads. However, how the intensity of traffic interacts with the habitat features of roadsides in shaping invasion processes is not sufficiently understood. To elucidate these interactions, we analyzed the population dynamics of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), a common non-indigenous annual species in Europe and other continents, in a regional road network in Germany. Over a period of five years, we recorded plant densities at roadsides along four types of road corridors, subject to different intensities of traffic, and with a total length of about 300 km. We also classified roadsides in regard to habitat features (disturbance, shade). This allowed us to determine corridor- and habitat-specific mean population growth rates and spatial-temporal shifts in roadside plant abundances at the regional scale. Our results show that both traffic intensity and roadside habitat features significantly affect the population dynamics of ragweed. The combination of high traffic intensity and high disturbance intensity led to the highest mean population growth whereas population growth in less suitable habitats (e.g. shaded roadsides) declined with decreasing traffic intensity. We conclude that high traffic facilitates ragweed invasion along roads, likely due to continued seed dispersal, and can compensate partly for less suitable habitat features (i.e. shade) that decrease population growth along less trafficked roads. As a practical implication, management efforts to decline ragweed invasions within road networks (e.g. by repeated mowing) should be prioritized along high trafficked roads, and roadside with disturbed, open habitats should be reduced as far as possible, e.g. by establishing grassland from the regional species pool.
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Haber EA, Santos MJ, Leitão PJ, Schwieder M, Ketner P, Ernst J, Rietkerk M, Wassen MJ, Eppinga MB. High spatial resolution mapping identifies habitat characteristics of the invasive vine
Antigonon leptopus
on St. Eustatius (Lesser Antilles). Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Haber
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Maria J. Santos
- Department of Geography University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program in Global Change and Biodiversity University of Zurich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Pedro J. Leitão
- Department Landscape Ecology and Environmental System Analysis Institute of Geoecology Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
- Geography Department Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Marcel Schwieder
- Geography Department Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Pieter Ketner
- Emeritus Tropical Nature Conservation and Vertebrate Ecology Group Department of Environmental Sciences Wageningen University The Netherlands
| | | | - Max Rietkerk
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Martin J. Wassen
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Maarten B. Eppinga
- Department of Geography University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program in Global Change and Biodiversity University of Zurich Zürich Switzerland
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Bowen AKM, Stevens MHH. Temperature, topography, soil characteristics, and NDVI drive habitat preferences of a shade-tolerant invasive grass. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10785-10797. [PMID: 33072296 PMCID: PMC7548190 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Despite the large literature documenting the negative effects of invasive grasses, we lack an understanding of the drivers of their habitat suitability, especially for shade‐tolerant species that do not respond positively to canopy disturbance. We aimed to understand the environmental niche and potential spatial distribution of a relatively new invasive species, wavyleaf basketgrass (Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem. & Schult, WLBG) by leveraging data available at two different spatial scales. Location Mid‐Atlantic region of the United States. Methods Maximum entropy modeling (Maxent) was used to predict the habitat suitability of WLBG at the regional scale and the landscape scale. Following variable evaluation, model calibration, and model evaluation, final models were created using 1,000 replicates and projected to each study area. Results At the regional scale, our best models show that suitability for WLBG was driven by relatively high annual mean temperatures, low temperature seasonality and monthly range, low slope, and high cumulative Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). At the landscape scale, suitability was highest near roads and streams, far from trails, at low elevations, in sandy, moist soil, and in areas with high NDVI. Main Conclusions We found that invasion potential of this relatively new invader appears high in productive, mesic habitats at low slope and elevations. At the regional scale, our model predicted areas of suitable habitat far outside areas where WLBG has been reported, including large portions of Virginia and West Virginia, suggests serious potential for spread. However, large portions of this area carry a high extrapolation risk and should therefore be interpreted with caution. In contrast, at the landscape level, the suitability of WLBG is largely restricted to areas near current presence points, suggesting that the expansion risk of this species within Shenandoah National Park is somewhat limited.
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Ward SF, Taylor BS, Dixon Hamil KA, Riitters KH, Fei S. Effects of terrestrial transport corridors and associated landscape context on invasion by forest plants. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reed EMX, Serr ME, Maurer AS, Burford Reiskind MO. Gridlock and beltways: the genetic context of urban invasions. Oecologia 2020; 192:615-628. [PMID: 32056021 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of urban land across the globe presents new and numerous opportunities for invasive species to spread and flourish. Ecologists historically rejected urban ecosystems as important environments for ecology and evolution research but are beginning to recognize the importance of these systems in shaping the biology of invasion. Urbanization can aid the introduction, establishment, and spread of invaders, and these processes have substantial consequences on native species and ecosystems. Therefore, it is valuable to understand how urban areas influence populations at all stages in the invasion process. Population genetic tools are essential to explore the driving forces of invasive species dispersal, connectivity, and adaptation within cities. In this review, we synthesize current research about the influence of urban landscapes on invasion genetics dynamics. We conclude that urban areas are not only points of entry for many invasive species, they also facilitate population establishment, are pools for genetic diversity, and provide corridors for further spread both within and out of cities. We recommend the continued use of genetic studies to inform invasive species management and to understand the underlying ecological and evolutionary processes governing successful invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M X Reed
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - M E Serr
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - A S Maurer
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - M O Burford Reiskind
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Effect of Urbanization on Vegetation in Riparian Area: Plant Communities in Artificial and Semi-Natural Habitats. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su12010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Riparian areas are local hot spots of biodiversity that are vulnerable and easily degraded. Comparing plant communities in habitats with different degrees of urbanization may provide valuable information for the management and restoration of these vulnerable habitats. In this study, we explored the impact of urbanization on vegetation communities between artificial and semi-natural habitats within two rivers with different levels of development. We compared species richness, types of vegetation, and composition patterns of the plants in our study. In artificial habitats, the sites with relatively high levels of urbanization had the highest species richness, while in semi-natural habitats, the highest species richness was recorded in the less urbanized sites. Furthermore, every component of urbanization that contributed to the variation of species richness was examined in the current study. In artificial habitats, the proportion of impervious surface was the strongest predictor of the variation in species richness and was associated with the richness of alien, native, and riparian species. In semi-natural habitats, most of the richness of alien and native species were associated with the distance to the city center, and the number of riparian and ruderal species was significantly related to the proportion of impervious surface. Moreover, we found that a high level of urbanization was always associated with a large abundance of alien and ruderal species in both artificial and in semi-natural habitats. We recommend the methods of pair comparison of multiple rivers to analyze the impact of urbanization on plant species in riparian areas and have suggested various management actions for maintaining biodiversity and sustainability in riparian ecosystems.
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Landsat Time Series Assessment of Invasive Annual Grasses Following Energy Development. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11212553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Invasive annual grasses are of concern in much of the western United States because they tolerate resource variability and have high reproductive capacity, with propagules that are readily dispersed in disturbed areas like those created and maintained for energy development. Early season invasive grasses “green up” earlier than most native plants, producing a distinct pulse of greenness in the early spring that can be exploited to identify their location using multi-date imagery. To determine if invasive annual grasses increased around energy developments after the construction phase, we calculated an invasives index using Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery for a 34-year time period (1985–2018) and assessed trends for 1755 wind turbines installed between 1988 and 2013 in the southern California desert. The index uses the maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for early season greenness (January-June), and mean NDVI (July–October) for the later dry season. We estimated the relative cover of invasive annuals each year at turbine locations and control sites and tested for changes before and after each turbine was installed. The time series was also mapped across the region and temporal trends were assessed relative to seasonal precipitation. The results showed an increase in early season invasives at turbine sites after installation, but also an increase in many of the surrounding control areas. Maps of the invasive index show a region-wide increase starting around 1998, and much of the increase occurred in areas surrounding wind development sites. These results suggest that invasions around the energy developments occurred within the context of a larger regional invasion, and while the development did not necessarily initiate the invasion, annual grasses were more prevalent around the developments.
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22
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Non-native plant species show a legacy of agricultural history in second-growth forests of southeastern Ohio. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Bacigalupe LD, Vásquez IA, Estay SA, Valenzuela‐Sánchez A, Alvarado‐Rybak M, Peñafiel‐Ricaurte A, Cunningham AA, Soto‐Azat C. The amphibian‐killing fungus in a biodiversity hotspot: identifying and validating high‐risk areas and refugia. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo D. Bacigalupe
- Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Inao A. Vásquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Sergio A. Estay
- Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Andrés Valenzuela‐Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- ONG Ranita de Darwin Santiago Chile
| | - Mario Alvarado‐Rybak
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida & Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago Chile
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Alexandra Peñafiel‐Ricaurte
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida & Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago Chile
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Andrew A. Cunningham
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Claudio Soto‐Azat
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida & Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago Chile
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Spatial structure develops early in forest herb populations, controlled by dispersal and life cycle. Oecologia 2019; 189:951-970. [PMID: 30877576 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fine-scale spatial structure is an essential feature of plant populations, controlling pollination, herbivory, pathogen spread, and resource partitioning. Origins of spatial distribution are often obscure in long-established forests, but successional stands offer insight through their physical and compositional simplicity. We tested the hypothesis that spatial structure in forest herb populations arises through a nucleation process in which colonizing species transition from random to clustered distributions through clonal expansion, seed dispersal, and conformity to environmental gradients. Spatial structure was examined in a chronosequence of 40 s growth stands in southeast Ohio, USA. Herbaceous vegetation was recorded in nested plots to describe the evolution of pattern across multiple scales. Spatial distribution was described as the variance:mean ratio of stem number plot-1, and compared between age classes and functional groups. Environmental influence was assessed as the marginal R2 value of environmental models predicting stem number. Herb species responded individualistically to stand age and environmental gradients, although all were to some degree clustered across age classes. Dispersal-limited, non-clonal, and annual species were most strongly clustered, suggesting the importance of seed dispersal range and population growth rate in determining spatial structure. Spatial distribution was weakly related to environmental variables. Clustered distributions established early in succession and remained stable for at least 80 years. Pattern formation can be interpreted in terms of nucleation, as we hypothesized, but clusters form earlier than expected. The spatial structure of herb populations in deciduous forests appears to be governed by patterns established during colonization; environmental filtering appears to play a minor role.
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Lemke A, Kowarik I, Lippe M. How traffic facilitates population expansion of invasive species along roads: The case of common ragweed in Germany. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lemke
- Department of EcologyEcosystem Science/Plant EcologyTechnische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
| | - Ingo Kowarik
- Department of EcologyEcosystem Science/Plant EcologyTechnische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
| | - Moritz Lippe
- Department of EcologyEcosystem Science/Plant EcologyTechnische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
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Gantchoff MG, Wilton CM, Belant JL. Factors influencing exotic species richness in Argentina's national parks. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5514. [PMID: 30202651 PMCID: PMC6128254 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exotic species introductions are a global phenomenon and protected areas are susceptible to them. Understanding the drivers of exotic species richness is vital for prioritizing natural resource management, particularly in developing countries with limited resources. We analyzed the influence of coarse resolution factors on exotic species richness (plants, mammals, and birds) in Argentina’s National Parks System. We collected data on native species richness, year of park formation, park area, region, elevation range, number of rivers crossing area boundaries, roads entering area, mean annual rainfall, mean annual temperature, mean annual number of visitors, and Human Influence Index within and surrounding each park. We compiled 1,688 exotic records in 36 protected areas: 83% plants and 17% animals (9.5% mammals, 5.5% birds, 1.5% fishes, 0% amphibians, 0% reptiles). The five parks with the most exotic species (all taxa combined) were in north Patagonia. Exotic grasses were the most common exotic plants, and within animals, lagomorphs and feral ungulates were remarkably widespread. Exotic plant richness was mostly influenced by temperature and native plant richness, while exotic mammal and bird richness was driven mostly by anthropogenic variables, with models explaining 36–45% of data deviance. Most variables that positively influenced exotic taxa were indirectly related to an increase in spatial heterogeneity (natural or anthropogenic), suggesting greater niche space variability as facilitators of exotic richness increase. Additional data are needed to further investigate the patterns and mechanisms of exotic species richness in protected areas, which will help to prioritize the greatest needs of monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela G Gantchoff
- Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, MS, United States of America
| | - Clay M Wilton
- Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Jerrold L Belant
- Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, MS, United States of America
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Speziale KL, di Virgilio A, Lescano MN, Pirk G, Franzese J. Synergy between roads and disturbance favour Bromus tectorum L. invasion. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5529. [PMID: 30186695 PMCID: PMC6120438 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global change produces pervasive negative impacts on biodiversity worldwide. Land use change and biological invasions are two of the major drivers of global change that often coexist; however, the effects of their interaction on natural habitats have been little investigated. In particular, we aimed to analyse whether the invasion of an introduced grass (Bromus tectorum; cheatgrass) along roads verges and the disturbance level in the natural surrounding habitat interact to influence the degree of B. tectorum invasion in the latter habitats in north-western Patagonia. Methods Along six different roads, totalling approximately 370 km, we set two 50 m × 2 m sampling plots every 5 km (73 plots in total). One plot was placed parallel to the road (on the roadside) and the other one perpendicular to it, towards the interior of the natural surrounding habitat. In each plot, we estimated the B. tectorum plant density in 1 m2 subplots placed every 5 m. In the natural habitat, we registered the vegetation type (grassy steppe, shrub-steppe, shrubland, and wet-meadow) and the disturbance level (low, intermediate, and high). Disturbance level was visually categorized according to different signs of habitat degradation by anthropogenic use. Results B. tectorum density showed an exponential decay from roadsides towards the interior of natural habitats. The degree of B. tectorum invasion inside natural habitats was positively related to B. tectorum density on roadsides only when the disturbance level was low. Shrub-steppes, grassy steppes and shrublands showed similar mean density of B. tectorum. Wet-meadows had the lowest densities of B. tectorum. Intermediate and highly disturbed environments presented higher B. tectorum density than those areas with low disturbance. Discussion Our study highlights the importance of the interaction between road verges and disturbance levels on B. tectorum invasion in natural habitats surrounding roads of north-western Patagonia, particularly evidencing its significance in the invasion onset. The importance of invasion in road verges depends on disturbance level, with better conserved environments being more resistant to invasion at low levels of B. tectorum density along road verges, but more susceptible to road verges invasion at higher levels of disturbance. All the habitats except wet-meadows were invaded at a similar degree by B. tectorum, which reflects its adaptability to multiple habitat conditions. Overall, our work showed that synergies among global change drivers impact native environments favouring the invasion of B. tectorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L Speziale
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Departamento de Ecología, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA(CONICET-UNCOMA), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Agustina di Virgilio
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Departamento de Ecología, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA(CONICET-UNCOMA), Bariloche, Argentina.,Grupo de Ecología Cuantitativa, INIBIOMA, CONICET-UNCOMA, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Maria N Lescano
- Departamento de Ecología, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCOMA), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Pirk
- Departamento de Ecología, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCOMA), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Franzese
- Departamento de Ecología, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCOMA), Bariloche, Argentina
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Florianová A, Münzbergová Z. Drivers of natural spread of invasive Impatiens parviflora differ between life-cycle stages. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee SR, Jo YS, Park CH, Friedman JM, Olson MS. Population genomic analysis suggests strong influence of river network on spatial distribution of genetic variation in invasive saltcedar across the southwestern United States. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:636-646. [PMID: 29274176 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complex influences of landscape and anthropogenic elements that shape the population genetic structure of invasive species provides insight into patterns of colonization and spread. The application of landscape genomics techniques to these questions may offer detailed, previously undocumented insights into factors influencing species invasions. We investigated the spatial pattern of genetic variation and the influences of landscape factors on population similarity in an invasive riparian shrub, saltcedar (Tamarix L.) by analysing 1,997 genomewide SNP markers for 259 individuals from 25 populations collected throughout the southwestern United States. Our results revealed a broad-scale spatial genetic differentiation of saltcedar populations between the Colorado and Rio Grande river basins and identified potential barriers to population similarity along both river systems. River pathways most strongly contributed to population similarity. In contrast, low temperature and dams likely served as barriers to population similarity. We hypothesize that large-scale geographic patterns in genetic diversity resulted from a combination of early introductions from distinct populations, the subsequent influence of natural selection, dispersal barriers and founder effects during range expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Rang Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yeong-Seok Jo
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Seo-gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Park
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Seo-gu, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Matthew S Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Tisshaw KE, Menges ES. The Influence of Management Regimes and Habitat Characteristics on the Persistence and Current Occupancy of the Non-Native Melinis repens (Natalgrass). SOUTHEAST NAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1656/058.017.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Tisshaw
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough,
| | - Eric S. Menges
- Plant Ecology Program, Archbold Biological Station, 123 Main Drive, Venus, FL 33960
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Riitters K, Potter K, Iannone BV, Oswalt C, Fei S, Guo Q. Landscape correlates of forest plant invasions: A high‐resolution analysis across the eastern United States. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Riitters
- USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station Research Triangle Park NC USA
| | - Kevin Potter
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Research Triangle Park NC USA
| | - Basil V. Iannone
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | | | - Songlin Fei
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Qinfeng Guo
- USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station Research Triangle Park NC USA
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Wu AP, Zhao YX, He FF, Wang YH, Zhong W. Pueraria lobata is expanding and endangering in China ecosystems. RUSS J ECOL+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413617030195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rauschert ESJ, Mortensen DA, Bloser SM. Human-mediated dispersal via rural road maintenance can move invasive propagules. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Koch C, Jeschke JM, Overbeck GE, Kollmann J. Setting Priorities for Monitoring and Managing Non-native Plants: Toward a Practical Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 58:465-475. [PMID: 27272017 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-016-0718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Land managers face the challenge to set priorities in monitoring and managing non-native plant species, as resources are limited and not all non-natives become invasive. Existing frameworks that have been proposed to rank non-native species require extensive information on their distribution, abundance, and impact. This information is difficult to obtain and often not available for many species and regions. National watch or priority lists are helpful, but it is questionable whether they provide sufficient information for environmental management on a regional scale. We therefore propose a decision tree that ranks species based on more simple albeit robust information, but still provides reliable management recommendations. To test the decision tree, we collected and evaluated distribution data from non-native plants in highland grasslands of Southern Brazil. We compared the results with a national list from the Brazilian Invasive Species Database for the state to discuss advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches on a regional scale. Out of 38 non-native species found, only four were also present on the national list. If management would solely rely on this list, many species that were identified as spreading based on the decision tree would go unnoticed. With the suggested scheme, it is possible to assign species to active management, to monitoring, or further evaluation. While national lists are certainly important, management on a regional scale should employ additional tools that adequately consider the actual risk of non-natives to become invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Koch
- Restoration Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 6, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
- Department of Botany, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jonathan M Jeschke
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstraße 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard E Overbeck
- Department of Botany, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Restoration Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 6, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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León Cordero R, Torchelsen FP, Overbeck GE, Anand M. Analyzing the landscape characteristics promoting the establishment and spread of gorse (
Ulex europaeus
) along roadsides. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. León Cordero
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Guelph 50, Stone Road East Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - F. P. Torchelsen
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em BotânicaInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 91501‐970 Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - G. E. Overbeck
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em BotânicaInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 91501‐970 Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Departamento de BotânicaInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 91501‐970 Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - M. Anand
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Guelph 50, Stone Road East Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
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León Cordero R, Torchelsen FP, Overbeck GE, Anand M. Invasive gorse (Ulex europaeus, Fabaceae) changes plant community structure in subtropical forest–grassland mosaics of southern Brazil. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cordero RL, Torchelsen FP, Overbeck GE, Anand M. Cytisus scoparius (Fam. Fabaceae) in southern Brazil - first step of an invasion process? AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2016; 88:149-54. [PMID: 26871495 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620140532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link (Fabaceae), is reported for the first time in Brazil. The species has been registered in the species-rich Campos Sulinos grasslands, in the Campos de Cima da Serra, and in the Serra do Sudeste. Naturalizing populations were frequently formed in natural habitats near to human settlements, where prevailing land uses and disturbances facilitate dispersal and establishment. The plant is an invasive species that has globally caused significant damage to biodiversity and economic losses. In Brazil, the species has a strong potential for spreading into a wide range of ecosystems. The Atlantic Forest biome and part of the Pampa biome, together known as the Campos Sulinos, represent optimal areas for the species. Features of the observed populations and recommendations for management are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio P Torchelsen
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Gerhard E Overbeck
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Madhur Anand
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Rubenstein SM, Dechaine JM. Native—Nonnative Seed Dispersal and Establishment Along an Interstate Highway. NORTHWEST SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.3955/046.089.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dlugos DM, Collins H, Bartelme EM, Drenovsky RE. The non-native plant Rosa multiflora expresses shade avoidance traits under low light availability. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2015; 102:1323-31. [PMID: 26290555 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Shade tolerance is a key trait promoting invasive plant performance in forest interiors. Rosa multiflora is a problematic invasive shrub in the northeastern United States, occurring in edge habitats and encroaching into forests. Our objective was to evaluate the shade tolerance of R. multiflora to assess how ecophysiological traits may facilitate its spread into forest interiors.• METHODS In the field, we documented shrub and seed bank density, fecundity, phenology, and seasonal photosynthetic rates of R. multiflora in contrasting light environments. In the greenhouse, we exposed seedlings to simulated canopy treatments by altering spectral quantity and quality, mimicking habitats ranging from open fields to forest interiors.• KEY RESULTS In the field, shrub density and fecundity of R. multiflora sharply increased with light availability. However, no differences were observed between forest edge and interior seed banks. Rosa multiflora initiated leaf growth earlier and retained leaves longer than canopy vegetation and tended to have higher photosynthetic rates in spring and fall. In the greenhouse, plants displayed shade-avoidance traits, decreasing relative growth rate and reducing branching, while increasing elongation and showing no change in light response curve parameters.• CONCLUSIONS In deciduous forest understories, R. multiflora appears to make use of a lengthened growing season in spring and fall, and therefore, substantial growth and spread through intact forests appears dependent on canopy gaps. Management should focus on reducing edge populations to reduce spread into the interior and on monitoring newly created canopy gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Dlugos
- Biology Department, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio 44118 USA
| | - Hilary Collins
- Biology Department, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio 44118 USA
| | - Elise M Bartelme
- Biology Department, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio 44118 USA
| | - Rebecca E Drenovsky
- Biology Department, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio 44118 USA
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Ecker G, Zalapa J, Auer C. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Genotypes Differ between Coastal Sites and Inland Road Corridors in the Northeastern US. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130414. [PMID: 26125564 PMCID: PMC4488425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a North American grass that exhibits vast genetic diversity across its geographic range. In the Northeastern US, local switchgrass populations were restricted to a narrow coastal zone before European settlement, but current populations inhabit inland road verges raising questions about their origin and genetics. These questions are important because switchgrass lines with novel traits are being cultivated as a biofuel feedstock, and gene flow could impact the genetic integrity and distribution of local populations. This study was designed to determine if: 1) switchgrass plants collected in the Long Island Sound Coastal Lowland coastal Level IV ecoregion represented local populations, and 2) switchgrass plants collected from road verges in the adjacent inland regions were most closely related to local coastal populations or switchgrass from other geographic regions. The study used 18 microsatellite markers to infer the genetic relationships between 122 collected switchgrass plants and a reference dataset consisting of 28 cultivars representing ecotypes, ploidy levels, and lineages from North America. Results showed that 84% of 88 plants collected in the coastal plants were most closely aligned with the Lowland tetraploid genetic pool. Among this group, 61 coastal plants were similar to, but distinct from, all Lowland tetraploid cultivars in the reference dataset leading to the designation of a genetic sub-population called the Southern New England Lowland Tetraploids. In contrast, 67% of 34 plants collected in road verges in the inland ecoregions were most similar to two Upland octoploid cultivars; only 24% of roadside plants were Lowland tetraploid. These results suggest that cryptic, non-local genotypes exist in road verges and that gene flow from biofuels plantations could contribute to further changes in switchgrass population genetics in the Northeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Ecker
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, 1390 Storrs Road, U-4163, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan Zalapa
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Carol Auer
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, 1390 Storrs Road, U-4163, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, United States of America
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del-Val E, Balvanera P, Castellarini F, Javier Espinosa-García F, Murguía M, Pacheco C. Identifying areas of high invasion risk: a general model and an application to Mexico. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2015. [DOI: 10.7550/rmb.44743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Johnson DJ, Flory SL, Shelton A, Huebner C, Clay K. Interactive effects of a non-native invasive grassMicrostegium vimineumand herbivore exclusion on experimental tree regeneration under differing forest management. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Luke Flory
- Agronomy Department; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Angela Shelton
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Cynthia Huebner
- Northern Research Station; USDA Forest Service; Morgantown WV 26505 USA
| | - Keith Clay
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; Bloomington IN 47405 USA
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Ahrens CW, Meyer TH, Auer CA. Distribution models for Panicum virgatum (Poaceae) reveal an expanded range in present and future climate regimes in the northeastern United States. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2014; 101:1886-1894. [PMID: 25366854 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Expanded area cultivated with the bioenergy crop Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) could alter the genetics of native populations through gene flow, so understanding current and future species distribution is a first step toward estimating ecological impacts. We surveyed switchgrass distribution in the northeastern United States and generated statistical models to address hypotheses about current distribution relative to historical records and responses to climate change. METHODS Surveys were conducted on 1600 km of road verges along environmental gradients. Switchgrass abundance became the training data for two multivariate generalized linear models that generated maps representing the probability of switchgrass in road verges. Models were evaluated and the superior model was used with variables from three climate change scenarios for 2050 and 2099. KEY RESULTS Switchgrass populations were found in 41% of roadside plots and up to 188 km from the coast. The environmental variables temperature, urban areas, and sandy soils were positively correlated with switchgrass presence, while elevation, soil pH, and distance to the coast were negatively correlated. The model without spatial autocorrelation performed better. Models and maps incorporating climate change predictions showed a sharp northward shift in suitable habitat. CONCLUSIONS Switchgrass populations in the northeastern United States occur on inland road verges, supporting the idea that species distribution has expanded relative to historical descriptions of a restricted coastal habitat. The optimal model showed that mean temperature, elevation, and urban development were important in switchgrass distribution today, and climate change will increase suitable habitat for future bioenergy production and wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin W Ahrens
- Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Birdwood Avenue, Private Bag 2000, South Yarra, VIC 3141, Australia
| | - Thomas H Meyer
- University of Connecticut, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, 1376 Storrs Road, Unit 4087, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 USA
| | - Carol A Auer
- University of Connecticut, Department of Plant Science, Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, 1390 Storrs Road, Unit 4163, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 USA
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Minimizing Risks of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Tropical Production Forest Management. FORESTS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/f5081982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Moroń D, Skórka P, Lenda M, Rożej-Pabijan E, Wantuch M, Kajzer-Bonk J, Celary W, Mielczarek ŁE, Tryjanowski P. Railway embankments as new habitat for pollinators in an agricultural landscape. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101297. [PMID: 25054427 PMCID: PMC4108474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollinating insect populations, essential for maintaining wild plant diversity and agricultural productivity, rely on (semi)natural habitats. An increasing human population is encroaching upon and deteriorating pollinator habitats. Thus the population persistence of pollinating insects and their associated ecosystem services may depend upon on man-made novel habitats; however, their importance for ecosystem services is barely understood. We tested if man-made infrastructure (railway embankments) in an agricultural landscape establishes novel habitats that support large populations of pollinators (bees, butterflies, hoverflies) when compared to typical habitats for these insects, i.e., semi-natural grasslands. We also identified key environmental factors affecting the species richness and abundance of pollinators on embankments. Species richness and abundance of bees and butterflies were higher for railway embankments than for grasslands. The occurrence of bare (non-vegetated) ground on embankments positively affected bee species richness and abundance, but negatively affected butterfly populations. Species richness and abundance of butterflies positively depended on species richness of native plants on embankments, whereas bee species richness was positively affected by species richness of non-native flowering plants. The density of shrubs on embankments negatively affected the number of bee species and their abundance. Bee and hoverfly species richness were positively related to wood cover in a landscape surrounding embankments. This is the first study showing that railway embankments constitute valuable habitat for the conservation of pollinators in farmland. Specific conservation strategies involving embankments should focus on preventing habitat deterioration due to encroachment of dense shrubs and maintaining grassland vegetation with patches of bare ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Moroń
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lenda
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | - Joanna Kajzer-Bonk
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Waldemar Celary
- Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Łukasz Emil Mielczarek
- Department of Pomology and Apiculture, Agricultural University in Kraków, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Donaldson JE, Richardson DM, Wilson JRU. Scale-area curves: a tool for understanding the ecology and distribution of invasive tree species. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Quantifying Microstegium vimineum seed movement by non-riparian water dispersal using an ultraviolet-marking based recapture method. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63811. [PMID: 24069134 PMCID: PMC3771924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microstegium vimineum is a shade tolerant annual C4 invasive grass in the Eastern US, which has been shown to negatively impact species diversity and succession in hardwood forests. To date, empirical studies have shown that population expansion is limited to <1 m yr(-1), which is largely driven by gravity dispersal. However, this likely does not fully account for all mechanisms of population-scale dispersal as we observe greater rates of population expansion. Though water, both riparian and non-riparian water (i.e., ephemeral overland flow), have been speculated mechanisms for M. vimineum dispersal, few studies have empirically tested this hypothesis. We designed an experiment along the slopes of a Southwest Virginia hardwood forest to test the role of non-riparian water on local seed dispersal. We developed a seed marking technique by coating each seed with an ultraviolet (UV) powder that did not affect buoyancy to aid in situ seed recapture. Additionally, a new image analysis protocol was developed to automate seed identification from UV photos. Total seed mobility (summation of individual seed movement within each transect) was positively correlated with precipitation. Over a period of one month with 52.32 mm of precipitation, the maximum dispersal distance of any single recaptured seed was 2.4 m, and the average distance of dispersed seed was 0.21±0.04 m. This is the first quantitative evidence of non-riparian water dispersal in a forest understory, which accounts for an additional pathway of population expansion.
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Davies KW, Nafus AM, Madsen MD. Medusahead Invasion Along Unimproved Roads, Animal Trails, and Random Transects. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2013. [DOI: 10.3398/064.073.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Oakley CG. Small effective size limits performance in a novel environment. Evol Appl 2013; 6:823-831. [PMID: 29387168 PMCID: PMC5779127 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding what limits or facilitates species' responses to human‐induced habitat change can provide insight for the control of invasive species and the conservation of small populations, as well as an arena for studying adaptation to realistic novel environments. Small effective size of ancestral populations could limit the establishment in, or response to, a novel or altered habitat because of low genetic variation for ecologically important traits, and/or because small populations harbor fixed deleterious mutations. I estimated the fitness of individuals from populations of the endangered plant Hypericum cumulicola, of known census and effective size, transplanted into native scrub habitat and unpaved roadsides, which are a novel habitat for this species. I found a significant positive relationship between estimates of population size and mean fitness, but only in the novel roadside habitat. Fitness was more than 200% greater in the roadside habitat than the scrub, mostly due to increased fecundity. These results combined with previous estimates of heterosis in this species suggest that fixed deleterious mutations could contribute to lower fitness of field transplants from small populations in the novel environment.
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