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Stone NE, Hamond C, Clegg J, McDonough RF, Bourgeois RM, Ballard R, Thornton NB, Nuttall M, Hertzel H, Anderson T, Whealy RN, Timm S, Roberts AK, Barragán V, Phipatanakul W, Leibler JH, Benson H, Specht A, White R, LeCount K, Furstenau TN, Galloway RL, Hill NJ, Madison JD, Fofanov VY, Pearson T, Sahl JW, Busch JD, Weiner Z, Nally JE, Wagner DM, Rosenbaum MH. Host population structure and rare dispersal events drive leptospirosis transmission patterns among Rattus norvegicus in Boston, Massachusetts, US. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598639. [PMID: 38915728 PMCID: PMC11195238 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Leptospirosis (caused by pathogenic bacteria in the genus Leptospira ) is prevalent worldwide but more common in tropical and subtropical regions. Transmission can occur following direct exposure to infected urine from reservoir hosts, such as rats, or a urine-contaminated environment, which then can serve as an infection source for additional rats and other mammals, including humans. The brown rat, Rattus norvegicus , is an important reservoir of leptospirosis in urban settings. We investigated leptospirosis among brown rats in Boston, Massachusetts and hypothesized that rat dispersal in this urban setting influences the movement, persistence, and diversity of Leptospira . We analyzed DNA from 328 rat kidney samples collected from 17 sites in Boston over a seven-year period (2016-2022); 59 rats representing 12 of 17 sites were positive for Leptospira . We used 21 neutral microsatellite loci to genotype 311 rats and utilized the resulting data to investigate genetic connectivity among sampling sites. We generated whole genome sequences for 28 Leptospira isolates obtained from frozen and fresh tissue from some of the 59 Leptospira -positive rat kidneys. When isolates were not obtained, we attempted Leptospira genomic DNA capture and enrichment, which yielded 14 additional Leptospira genomes from rats. We also generated an enriched Leptospira genome from a 2018 human case in Boston. We found evidence of high genetic structure and limited dispersal among rat populations that is likely influenced by major roads and/or other unknown dispersal barriers, resulting in distinct rat population groups within the city; at certain sites these groups persisted for multiple years. We identified multiple distinct phylogenetic clades of L. interrogans among rats, with specific clades tightly linked to distinct rat populations. This pattern suggests L. interrogans persists in local rat populations and movement of leptospirosis in this urban rat community is driven by rat dispersal. Finally, our genomic analyses of the 2018 human leptospirosis case in Boston suggests a link to rats as the source. These findings will be useful for guiding rat control and human leptospirosis mitigation efforts in this and other urban settings.
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Li J, Huang E, Wu Y, Zhu C, Li W, Ai L, Xie Q, Tian Z, Zhong W, Sun G, Zhang L, Tan W. Population structure, dispersion patterns and genetic diversity of two major invasive and commensal zoonotic disease hosts ( Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi) from the southeastern coast of China. Front Genet 2024; 14:1174584. [PMID: 38259625 PMCID: PMC10800861 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1174584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The invasive brownrat (Rattus norvegicus) and the Oriental rats (Rattus tanezumi) are common commensal murid that are important hosts for rodent-borne diseases in southeast Asia. Understanding their population structure and genetic diversity is essential to uncover their invasion biology and distribution dynamics that are essential for controlling rodent-borne diseases. Methods: TA total of 103 R. norvegicus and 85 R. tanezumi were collected from 13 to 9 coastal areas of six provincial monitoring sentinel sites, respectivelyto assess patterns in their microsatellite loci and their mitochondrial coxl gene region. Results: Eleven sampled populations of R. norvegicus were divided into two major clusters by region. The observed heterozygosity values of all regional populations were smaller than expected genetic diversity heterozygosity values and deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Nine sample populations of R. tanezumi were divided into three clusters; two that included sample from Hainan and Fujian provinces, and one that included samples from the other provinces and cities. The genetic diversity of R. tanezumi was highest in samples from Jiangsu and Guangdong provinces. Conclusion: The data in this paper confirm the two invasive rodent species from the southeastern coastal region of China may have relied on maritime transport to spread from the southern region of China to the Yangtze River basin. R. tanezumi may then hanve migrated unidirectionally, along the southeastern provinces of China towards the north, while R. norvegicus spread in a complex and multidirectional manner in Hainan, Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiao Li
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Enjiong Huang
- Technology Center of Fuzhou Customs, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Changqiang Zhu
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Lele Ai
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghua Xie
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi Tian
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwen Zhong
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Longquan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Sun
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
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3
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Zhang YH, Zhao L, Zhang MY, Cao RD, Hou GM, Teng HJ, Zhang JX. Fatty acid metabolism decreased while sexual selection increased in brown rats spreading south. iScience 2023; 26:107742. [PMID: 37731619 PMCID: PMC10507208 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For mammals that originate in the cold north, adapting to warmer environments is crucial for southwards invasion. The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) originated in Northeast China and has become a global pest. R. n. humiliatus (RNH) spread from the northeast, where R. n. caraco (RNC) lives, to North China and diverged to form a subspecies. Genomic analyses revealed that subspecies differentiation was promoted by temperature but impeded by gene flow and that genes related to fatty acid metabolism were under the strongest selection. Transcriptome analyses revealed downregulated hepatic genes related to fatty acid metabolism and upregulated those related to pheromones in RNH vs. RNC. Similar patterns were observed in relation to cold/warm acclimation. RNH preferred mates with stronger pheromone signals intra-populationally and more genetic divergence inter-populationally. We concluded that RNH experienced reduced fat utilization and increased pheromone-mediated sexual selection during its invasion from the cold north to warm south.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui-Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guan-Mei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hua-Jing Teng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jian-Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Ramsay MS, Sgarlata GM, Barratt CD, Salmona J, Andriatsitohaina B, Kiene F, Manzi S, Ramilison ML, Rakotondravony R, Chikhi L, Lehman SM, Radespiel U. Effects of Forest Fragmentation on Connectivity and Genetic Diversity in an Endemic and an Invasive Rodent in Northwestern Madagascar. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1451. [PMID: 37510355 PMCID: PMC10378931 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation are of concern to conservation biologists worldwide. However, not all organisms are affected equally by these processes; thus, it is important to study the effects of living in fragmented habitats on species that differ in lifestyle and habitat requirements. In this study, we examined the dispersal and connectivity patterns of rodents, one endemic (Eliurus myoxinus) and one invasive (Rattus rattus), in two landscapes containing forest fragments and adjacent continuous forest patches in northwestern Madagascar. We generated genetic (RADseq) data for 66 E. myoxinus and 81 R. rattus individuals to evaluate differences in genetic diversity as well as inbreeding and connectivity in two landscapes. We found higher levels of inbreeding and lower levels of genetic diversity in E. myoxinus compared with R. rattus. We observed related dyads both within and between habitat patches and positive spatial autocorrelation at lower distance classes for both species, with a stronger pattern of spatial autocorrelation in R. rattus. Across each site, we identified contrasting migration rates for each species, but these did not correspond to habitat-matrix dichotomies. The relatively low genetic diversity in the endemic E. myoxinus suggests ecological constraints that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm S Ramsay
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Christopher D Barratt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jordi Salmona
- CNRS-UPS-IRD, UMR5174, Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Andriatsitohaina
- Planet Madagascar, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
- Faculté des Sciences, de Technologies et de l'Environnement, Université de Mahajanga, Mahajanga 401, Madagascar
| | - Frederik Kiene
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Manzi
- CNRS-UPS-IRD, UMR5174, Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Miarisoa L Ramilison
- Faculté des Sciences, de Technologies et de l'Environnement, Université de Mahajanga, Mahajanga 401, Madagascar
- Department of Primate Behavior and Ecology, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA
| | - Romule Rakotondravony
- Faculté des Sciences, de Technologies et de l'Environnement, Université de Mahajanga, Mahajanga 401, Madagascar
| | - Lounès Chikhi
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- CNRS-UPS-IRD, UMR5174, Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Shawn M Lehman
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada
| | - Ute Radespiel
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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5
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Sosa CC, Arenas C, García-Merchán VH. Human Population Density Influences Genetic Diversity of Two Rattus Species Worldwide: A Macrogenetic Approach. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1442. [PMID: 37510346 PMCID: PMC10379283 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
On a planet experiencing constant human population growth, it is necessary to explore the anthropogenic effects on the genetic diversity of species, and specifically invasive species. Using an analysis that integrates comparative phylogeography, urban landscape genetics, macrogenetics and a systematic review, we explore the worldwide genetic diversity of the human commensal and anthropogenic species Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus. Based on metadata obtained considering 35 selected studies related to observed heterozygosity, measured by nuclear molecular markers (microsatellites, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs-, restrictition site-associated DNA sequencing -RAD-Seq-), socioeconomic and mobility anthropogenic factors were used as predictors of genetic diversity of R. rattus and R. norvegicus, using the Gini index, principal component analysis and Random Forest Regression as analysis methodology. Population density was on average the best predictor of genetic diversity in the Rattus species analyzed, indicating that the species respond in a particular way to the characteristics present in urban environments because of a combination of life history characteristics and human-mediated migration and colonization processes. To create better management and control strategies for these rodents and their associated diseases, it is necessary to fill the existing information gap in urban landscape genetics studies with more metadata repositories, with emphasis on tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystian C Sosa
- Evolution, Ecology and Conservation Research Group-EECO, Biology Program, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Technologies, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia 630004, Colombia
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali 7 #40-62, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Catalina Arenas
- Evolution, Ecology and Conservation Research Group-EECO, Biology Program, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Technologies, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia 630004, Colombia
| | - Víctor Hugo García-Merchán
- Evolution, Ecology and Conservation Research Group-EECO, Biology Program, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Technologies, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia 630004, Colombia
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6
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de Benedetta F, Gargiulo S, Miele F, Figlioli L, Innangi M, Audisio P, Nugnes F, Bernardo U. The spread of Carpophilus truncatus is on the razor's edge between an outbreak and a pest invasion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18841. [PMID: 36344625 PMCID: PMC9640586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, in southern Italy (Campania) there was an outbreak of a sap beetle infesting stored walnut fruits. A monitoring activity started to assess the spread and impact of the pest in walnut orchards and in warehouses, and an integrative characterization led to identify the beetle as Carpophilus truncatus. This species has been in Europe for a long time, rare and harmless until recently. We show also that this species is the same recently recorded in other two continents, Latin America and Australia, where it is causing massive damage on walnut and almond fruits. The sharing of a mitochondrial haplotype among populations recorded on three continents suggests that a worldwide invasion might be ongoing. A Geographic Profiling approach has determined that the more virulent population was first introduced in Italy, and the climate conditions of areas where C. truncatus is currently widespread and harmful indicate that the entire walnuts world production is in jeopardy as this species could adapt to any of the main walnut and almond production areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia de Benedetta
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Simona Gargiulo
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Fortuna Miele
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Laura Figlioli
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Michele Innangi
- grid.10373.360000000122055422Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, IS Italy
| | - Paolo Audisio
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via A. Borelli, 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Nugnes
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Umberto Bernardo
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
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7
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Encinas‐Viso F, Morin L, Sathyamurthy R, Knerr N, Roux C, Broadhurst L. Population genomics reveal multiple introductions and admixture of
Sonchus oleraceus
in Australia. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Encinas‐Viso
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Louise Morin
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | | | - Nunzio Knerr
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Camille Roux
- UMR 8198 – Evo‐Eco‐Paleo CNRS – Univ Lille Lille France
| | - Linda Broadhurst
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
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8
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Eckerlin RP, Berends P, Downing C, Galbreath KE. The Roof Rat, Rattus rattus, in Virginia. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2022. [DOI: 10.1656/045.029.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph P. Eckerlin
- Math, Science, and Technology Division, Northern Virginia Community College, Annandale, VA 22003
| | - Paige Berends
- Biology Department, Northern Michigan University, 1401 Presque Isle Avenue, Marquette, MI 49855
| | - Cassidy Downing
- Biology Department, Northern Michigan University, 1401 Presque Isle Avenue, Marquette, MI 49855
| | - Kurt E. Galbreath
- Biology Department, Northern Michigan University, 1401 Presque Isle Avenue, Marquette, MI 49855
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9
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Ringani GV, Julius RS, Chimimba CT, Pirk CWW, Zengeya TA. Predicting the potential distribution of a previously undetected cryptic invasive synanthropic Asian house rat ( Rattus tanezumi) in South Africa. JOURNAL OF URBAN ECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jue/juac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Three species of Rattus, Norway rat (R. norvergicus), black rat (R. rattus) and Asian house rat (R. tanezumi) are currently known to occur in South Africa. The latter two species are cryptic and form part of the Rattus rattus species complex. Historically, R. norvegicus has been reported to occur along the coast and in urban centres, R. rattus is widespread in most urban areas, except in the drier areas, while R. tanezumi was only recorded to occur in the country (and Africa) ca. 15 years ago, and its distribution remains unknown. The aim of this study was to predict the potential distribution of R. tanezumi in South Africa and assess how it overlaps with that of R. norvegicus and R. rattus using species distribution modelling. Rattus tanezumi was predicted to mainly occur in most inland urban areas and along the coast. The distribution of R. rattus was as expected, in contrast, the predicted range of R. norvegicus was not restricted to the coast but also included inland urban areas. All three species showed broad potential distributional ranges that overlapped extensively indicating that their establishment and spread may be influenced by similar factors such as proximity to urban areas and a wet and moderate climate. These results allow insights into assessing their risk of establishment and for formulating appropriate intervention strategies for their management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Ringani
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - R S Julius
- H3Africa Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology (CIB), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - C T Chimimba
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology (CIB), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, Mammal Research Institute (MRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - C W W Pirk
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - T A Zengeya
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology (CIB), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Kirstenbosch Botanical Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Claremont 7735, South Africa
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10
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Dunn RR, Burger JR, Carlen EJ, Koltz AM, Light JE, Martin RA, Munshi-South J, Nichols LM, Vargo EL, Yitbarek S, Zhao Y, Cibrián-Jaramillo A. A Theory of City Biogeography and the Origin of Urban Species. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.761449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the choices humans make with regard to infrastructure, urban planning and other phenomena have impacts that will last thousands of years. This can readily be seen in modern cities in which contemporary streets run along street grids that were laid out thousands of years prior or even in which ancient viaducts still play a role. However, rarely do evolutionary biologists explicitly consider the future of life likely to be associated with the decisions we are making today. Here, we consider the evolutionary future of species in cities with a focus on the origin of lineages and species. We do so by adjusting evolutionary predictions from the theory of island biogeography so as to correspond to the unique features of cities as islands. Specifically, the species endemic to cities tend to be associated with the gray habitats in cities. Those habitats tend to be dominated by human bodies, pet bodies and stored food. It is among such species where the origin of new lineages is most likely, although most research on evolution in cities has focused on green habitats. We conclude by considering a range of scenarios for the far future and their implications for the origin of lineages and species.
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11
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Dinets V, Asada K. Noble savages: human-independent Rattus rats in Japan. J NAT HIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1845409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Dinets
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
- Psychology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Keishu Asada
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
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12
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Jahan NA, Lindsey LL, Larsen PA. The Role of Peridomestic Rodents as Reservoirs for Zoonotic Foodborne Pathogens. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:133-148. [PMID: 33351736 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rodents are well-known reservoirs and vectors for a number of zoonoses, the functional role that peridomestic rodents serve in the amplification and transmission of foodborne pathogens is likely underappreciated. Clear links have been identified between commensal rodents and outbreaks of foodborne pathogens throughout Europe and Asia; however, comparatively little research has been devoted to studying this relationship in the United States. In particular, regional studies focused on specific rodent species and their foodborne pathogen reservoir status across the diverse agricultural landscapes of the United States are lacking. We posit that both native and invasive species of rodents associated with food-production pipelines are likely sources of seasonal outbreaks of foodborne pathogens throughout the United States. In this study, we review the evidence that identifies peridomestic rodents as reservoirs for foodborne pathogens, and we call for novel research focused on the metagenomic communities residing at the rodent-agriculture interface. Such data will likely result in the identification of new reservoirs for foodborne pathogens and species-specific demographic traits that might underlie seasonal enteric disease outbreaks. Moreover, we anticipate that a One Health metagenomic research approach will result in the discovery of new strains of zoonotic pathogens circulating in peridomestic rodents. Data resulting from such research efforts would directly inform and improve upon biosecurity efforts, ultimately serving to protect our food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat A Jahan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laramie L Lindsey
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter A Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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13
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Etougbétché J, Houémènou G, Dossou HJ, Badou S, Gauthier P, Abdou Karim IY, Nicolas V, Dobigny G. Genetic diversity and origins of invasive black rats (Rattus rattus) in Benin, West Africa. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.20014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Etougbétché
- Ecole Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi, Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée, Unité de Recherche sur les Invasions Biologiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Benin; e-mail: , , sylvestrebado
| | - Gualbert Houémènou
- Ecole Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi, Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée, Unité de Recherche sur les Invasions Biologiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Benin; e-mail: , , sylvestrebado
| | - Henri-Joël Dossou
- Ecole Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi, Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée, Unité de Recherche sur les Invasions Biologiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Benin; e-mail: , , sylvestrebado
| | - Sylvestre Badou
- Ecole Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi, Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée, Unité de Recherche sur les Invasions Biologiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Benin; e-mail: , , sylvestrebado
| | - Philippe Gauthier
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR CBGP IRD, INRA, Cirad, Institut SupAgro, Montpellier Université d'Excellence, France; e-mail: ;
| | - Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim
- Ecole Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Animale et de Technologie des Viandes, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Benin; e-mail:
| | - Violaine Nicolas
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP51, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France; e-mail:
| | - Gauthier Dobigny
- Ecole Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi, Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée, Unité de Recherche sur les Invasions Biologiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Benin; e-mail: , , sylvestrebado
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14
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Puckett EE, Orton D, Munshi‐South J. Commensal Rats and Humans: Integrating Rodent Phylogeography and Zooarchaeology to Highlight Connections between Human Societies. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900160. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Puckett
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA
| | - David Orton
- BioArChDepartment of ArchaeologyUniversity of York York YO10 5DD UK
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15
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Puckett EE, Magnussen E, Khlyap LA, Strand TM, Lundkvist Å, Munshi-South J. Genomic analyses reveal three independent introductions of the invasive brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) to the Faroe Islands. Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 124:15-27. [PMID: 31399718 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-019-0255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Population genomics offers innovative approaches to test hypotheses related to the source and timing of introduction of invasive species. These approaches are particularly appropriate to study colonization of island ecosystems. The brown rat is a cold-hardy global invasive that has reached most of the world's island ecosystems, including even highly isolated archipelagoes such as the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. Historic records tell of rats rafting to the southern island of Suðuroy in 1768 following a shipwreck off the coast of Scotland, then expanding across the archipelago. We investigated the demographic history of brown rats in the Faroes using 50,174 SNPs. We inferred three independent introductions of rats, including to Suðuroy, the islands of Borðoy and Viðoy, and onto Streymoy from which they expanded to Eysturoy and Vágar. All Faroese populations showed signs of strong bottlenecks and declining effective population size. We inferred that these founder events removed low frequency alleles, the exact data needed to estimate recent demographic histories. Therefore, we were unable to accurately estimate the timing of each invasion. The difficulties with demographic inference may be applicable to other invasive species, particularly those with extreme and recent bottlenecks. We identified three invasions of brown rats to the Faroe Islands that resulted in highly differentiated populations that will be useful for future studies of life history variation and genomic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Puckett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA. .,Louis Calder Center- Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA.
| | - Eyðfinn Magnussen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Liudmila A Khlyap
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tanja M Strand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Department of Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jason Munshi-South
- Louis Calder Center- Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA
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16
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Kosoy M, Bai Y. Bartonella Bacteria in Urban Rats: A Movement From the Jungles of Southeast Asia to Metropoles Around the Globe. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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17
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Puckett EE, Munshi-South J. Brown rat demography reveals pre-commensal structure in eastern Asia before expansion into Southeast Asia. Genome Res 2019; 29:762-770. [PMID: 30910795 PMCID: PMC6499317 DOI: 10.1101/gr.235754.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fossil evidence indicates that the globally distributed brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) originated in northern China and Mongolia. Historical records report the human-mediated invasion of rats into Europe in the 1500s, followed by global spread because of European imperialist activity during the 1600s–1800s. We analyzed 14 genomes representing seven previously identified evolutionary clusters, and tested alternative demographic models to infer patterns of range expansion, divergence times, and changes in effective population (Ne) size for this globally important pest species. We observed three range expansions from the ancestral population that produced the Pacific (diverged ∼16.1 kya), eastern China (∼17.5 kya), and Southeast (SE) Asia (∼0.86 kya) lineages. Our model shows a rapid range expansion from SE Asia into the Middle East and then continued expansion into central Europe 788 yr ago (1227 AD). We observed declining Ne within all brown rat lineages from 150–1 kya, reflecting population contractions during glacial cycles. Ne increased since 1 kya in Asian and European, but not in Pacific, evolutionary clusters. Our results support the hypothesis that northern Asia was the ancestral range for brown rats. We suggest that southward human migration across China between the 800s–1550s AD resulted in the introduction of rats to SE Asia, from which they rapidly expanded via existing maritime trade routes. Finally, we discovered that North America was colonized separately on both the Atlantic and Pacific seaboards, by evolutionary clusters of vastly different ages and genomic diversity levels. Our results should stimulate discussions among historians and zooarcheologists regarding the relationship between humans and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Puckett
- Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Armonk, New York 10504, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
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18
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Russell JC, Robins JH, Fewster RM. Phylogeography of Invasive Rats in New Zealand. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Guo S, Li G, Liu J, Wang J, Lu L, Liu Q. Dispersal route of the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi) on mainland China: insights from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA. BMC Genet 2019; 20:11. [PMID: 30669977 PMCID: PMC6341715 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rattus tanezumi is a common commensal rat and an important host animal of bubonic plague in South China and Southeast Asia. The northward dispersal of this species in mainland China has been reported in recent decades, along with more recent intercontinental expansion. Population genetics of R. tanezumi in mainland China were studied to explain the relationship between dispersal history and the ancient and modern transportation networks of China. RESULTS In total, 502 individuals belonging to 18 populations were collected from 13 provincial areas. Nine microsatellite loci and two mtDNA sequences were analyzed. The results indicate that R. tanezumi populations from Yunnan have highest genetic diversity and populations from Tibet with lowest genetic diversity. 18 populations can be divided into four clusters, the first cluster including populations from southwest Yunnan, the second including two populations of Tibet, the third for populations from middle and east of mainland China, and the forth for two populations from north Yunnan. Both microsatellite and mtDNA data reveal that the populations from coastal areas are closely related to populations from Yunnan, whereas populations from Tibet are closely related with populations from Sichuan. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that early dispersal of R. tanezumi in mainland China depended on shipping transportation, with subsequent expansion from coastal areas into Central China occurring along the Yangzi River. Further, the linkages between populations in Tibet and Sichuan point to a modern era introduction via the Chuan-Zang highway, rather than along the Tea Horse Ancient Road.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.,Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Guichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
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20
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Abstract
The laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus, has been used in biomedical research for more than 150 years, and in many cases remains the model of choice for studies of physiology, behavior, and complex human disease. This book provides detailed information on a number of methodologies that can be used in rat. This chapter gives an introduction to rat as a species and as a biomedical model, providing historical information, a brief introduction to the current state of rat research, and a perspective on the future of rat as a model for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Elizabeth R Bolton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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21
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Phylogeography of the black rat Rattus rattus in India and the implications for its dispersal history in Eurasia. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Puckett EE, Micci‐Smith O, Munshi‐South J. Genomic analyses identify multiple Asian origins and deeply diverged mitochondrial clades in inbred brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus). Evol Appl 2018; 11:718-726. [PMID: 29875813 PMCID: PMC5979757 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 500 strains of inbred brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) have been developed for use as a biomedical model organism. Most of these inbred lines were derived from the colony established at the Wistar Institute in 1906 or its descendants following worldwide distribution to research and breeding centers. The geographic source of the animals that founded the Wistar colony has been lost to history; thus, we compared 25 inbred rat strains to 326 wild rats from a global diversity dataset at 32 k SNPs, and 47 mitochondrial genomes to identify the source populations. We analyzed nuclear genomic data using principal component analyses and co-ancestry heat maps, and mitogenomes using phylogenetic trees and networks. In the nuclear genome, inbred rats clustered together indicating a single geographic origin for the strains studied and showed admixed ancestral variation with wild rats in eastern Asia and western North America. The Sprague Dawley derived, Wistar derived, and Brown Norway strains each had mitogenomes from different clades which diverged between 13 and 139 kya. Thus, we posit that rats originally collected for captive breeding had high mitochondrial diversity that became fixed through genetic drift and/or artificial selection. Our results show that these important medical models share common genomic ancestry from a few source populations, and opportunities exist to create new strains with diverse genomic backgrounds to provide novel insight into the genomic basis of disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Puckett
- Louis Calder Center – Biological Field StationFordham UniversityArmonkNYUSA
| | - Olivia Micci‐Smith
- Louis Calder Center – Biological Field StationFordham UniversityArmonkNYUSA
| | - Jason Munshi‐South
- Louis Calder Center – Biological Field StationFordham UniversityArmonkNYUSA
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23
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Fatima SH, Zaidi F, Adnan M, Ali A, Jamal Q, Khisroon M. Rat-bites of an epidemic proportion in Peshawar vale; a GIS based approach in risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:233. [PMID: 29556789 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary studies demonstrate that rodent bites do not occur frequently. However, a huge number of cases were reported from Peshawar vale, Pakistan during 2016. Two species, the local black rat Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) and the invasive brown rat Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) might be the suspected cause. Several studies indicated the invasion of brown rats into Pakistan presumably via port city of Karachi. In this study, we modeled geospatial distribution of rodent bites for risk assessment in the region. Bite cases reported to tertiary care lady reading hospital were monitored from January 1 to August 31, 2016. Among 1747 cases, statistically informative data (n = 1295) was used for analyses. MaxEnt algorithm was employed for geospatial modeling, taking into account various environmental variables (temperature, precipitation, humidity, and elevation) and anthropogenic factors (human population density, distance from roads, distance from water channels, and land use/land cover). MaxEnt results revealed that urban slums (84.5%) are at highest risk followed by croplands (10.9%) and shrublands (2.7%). Anthropogenic factors affecting incidence of rodent bites included host density (contribution: 34.7), distance from water channels (3.2), land use/land cover (2.8), and distance from roads (2). Most of the cases occurred within a radius of 0.3 km from roads and 5 km from water channels. Rodent bite incidence is currently at its peak in Peshawar vale. Factors significantly affecting rodents' bite activity and their distribution and dispersal include urbanization, distance from roads, and water channels. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of invasion by brown rat on bite incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Hira Fatima
- Department of Space Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Farrah Zaidi
- Zoology Department, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Zoology Department, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Space Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Jamal
- Zoology Department, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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24
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Puckett EE, Park J, Combs M, Blum MJ, Bryant JE, Caccone A, Costa F, Deinum EE, Esther A, Himsworth CG, Keightley PD, Ko A, Lundkvist Å, McElhinney LM, Morand S, Robins J, Russell J, Strand TM, Suarez O, Yon L, Munshi-South J. Global population divergence and admixture of the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus). Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1762. [PMID: 27798305 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Native to China and Mongolia, the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) now enjoys a worldwide distribution. While black rats and the house mouse tracked the regional development of human agricultural settlements, brown rats did not appear in Europe until the 1500s, suggesting their range expansion was a response to relatively recent increases in global trade. We inferred the global phylogeography of brown rats using 32 k SNPs, and detected 13 evolutionary clusters within five expansion routes. One cluster arose following a southward expansion into Southeast Asia. Three additional clusters arose from two independent eastward expansions: one expansion from Russia to the Aleutian Archipelago, and a second to western North America. Westward expansion resulted in the colonization of Europe from which subsequent rapid colonization of Africa, the Americas and Australasia occurred, and multiple evolutionary clusters were detected. An astonishing degree of fine-grained clustering between and within sampling sites underscored the extent to which urban heterogeneity shaped genetic structure of commensal rodents. Surprisingly, few individuals were recent migrants, suggesting that recruitment into established populations is limited. Understanding the global population structure of R. norvegicus offers novel perspectives on the forces driving the spread of zoonotic disease, and aids in development of rat eradication programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Puckett
- Louis Calder Center, Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA
| | - Jane Park
- Louis Calder Center, Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA
| | - Matthew Combs
- Louis Calder Center, Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA
| | - Michael J Blum
- Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA
| | - Federico Costa
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Eva E Deinum
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.,Mathematical and Statistical Methods Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Esther
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research, Julius Kühn Institute, Münster, Germany
| | - Chelsea G Himsworth
- Animal Health Centre, British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada V3G 2M3
| | - Peter D Keightley
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Albert Ko
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lorraine M McElhinney
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector Borne Disease Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, New Haw Surrey, UK
| | - Serge Morand
- CNRS-CIRAD, Centre d'Infectiologie Christophe Mérieux du Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Judith Robins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Russell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tanja M Strand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga Suarez
- Laboratorio de Ecologia de Roedores Urbanos, IEGEBA-CONICET, EGE-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Pabellon II, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lisa Yon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jason Munshi-South
- Louis Calder Center, Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA
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25
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Rodent-borne Trypanosoma from cities and villages of Niger and Nigeria: A special role for the invasive genus Rattus? Acta Trop 2017; 171:151-158. [PMID: 28373037 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although they are known to sometimes infect humans, atypical trypanosomes are very poorly documented, especially in Africa where one lethal case has yet been described. Here we conducted a survey of rodent-borne Trypanosoma in 19 towns and villages of Niger and Nigeria, with a special emphasis on Niamey, the capital city of Niger. The 1298 rodents that were captured yielded 189 qPCR-positive animals from 14 localities, thus corresponding to a 14.6% overall prevalence. Rats, especially black rats, displayed particularly elevated prevalence (27.4%), with some well sampled sites showing 40-50% and up to 68.8% of Trypanosoma-carrying individuals. Rattus were also characterized by significantly lower Ct values than in the other non-Rattus species. DNA sequences could be obtained for 43 rodent-borne Trypanosoma and corresponded to 41 T. lewisi (all from Rattus) and 2 T. microti (from Cricetomys gambianus). These results, together with data compiled from the available literature, suggest that Rattus may play a particular role for the maintaining and circulation of Trypanosoma, especially T. lewisi, in Africa. Taken into account its strong abilities to invade coastal and inland regions of the continent, we believe that this genus deserves a particular attention in regards to potentially under-looked but emerging atypical trypanosome-related diseases.
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26
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Guo HL, Teng HJ, Zhang JH, Zhang JX, Zhang YH. Asian house rats may facilitate their invasive success through suppressing brown rats in chronic interaction. Front Zool 2017; 14:20. [PMID: 28413431 PMCID: PMC5389004 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-017-0202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi) and the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) are closely related species and are partially sympatric in southern China. Over the past 20 years, R. tanezumi has significantly expanded northward in China and partially replaced the native brown rat subspecies, R. n. humiliatus. Although invasive species are often more aggressive than native species, we did not observe interspecific physical aggression between R. tanezumi and R. n. humiliatus. Here, we focused on whether or not R. tanezumi was superior to R. n. humiliatus in terms of nonphysical competition, which is primarily mediated by chemical signals. RESULTS We performed two laboratory experiments to test different paradigms in domesticated R. tanezumi and R. n. humiliatus. In Experiment 1, we caged adult male rats of each species for 2 months in heterospecific or conspecific pairs, partitioned by perforated galvanized iron sheets, allowing exchange of chemical stimuli and ultrasonic vocalization. The sexual attractiveness of male urine odor showed a tendency (marginal significance) to increase in R. tanezumi caged with R. n. humiliatus, compared with those in conspecific pairs. Hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and brain-derived nutrition factor (BDNF) mRNA were upregulated in R. n. humiliatus and R. tanezumi, respectively, when the rats were caged in heterospecific pairs. In Experiment 2, we kept juvenile male rats in individual cages in rooms with either the same or the different species for 2 months, allowing chemical interaction. The sexual attractiveness of male urine was significantly enhanced in R. tanezumi, but reduced in R. n. humiliatus by heterospecific cues and mRNA expression of hippocampal GR and BDNF were upregulated by heterospecific cues in R. n. humiliatus and R. tanezumi, respectively. Although not identical, the results from Experiments 1 and 2 were generally consistent. CONCLUSIONS The results of both experiments indicate that nonphysical/chronic interspecific stimuli, particularly scent signals, between R. n. humiliatus and R. tanezumi may negatively affect R. n. humiliatus and positively affect R. tanezumi. We infer that chronic interspecific interactions may have contributed to the invasion of R. tanezumi into the range of R. n. humiliatus in natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1-5 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Hua-Jing Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1-5 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jin-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1-5 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jian-Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1-5 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yao-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1-5 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
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27
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Berthier K, Garba M, Leblois R, Navascués M, Tatard C, Gauthier P, Gagaré S, Piry S, Brouat C, Dalecky A, Loiseau A, Dobigny G. Black rat invasion of inland Sahel: insights from interviews and population genetics in south-western Niger. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Madougou Garba
- Université Abdou Moumouni; Faculté des Sciences; BP10662 Niamey Niger
| | - Raphael Leblois
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle; Montpellier France
- INRA; Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR IRD-INRA-Cirad-Montpellier SupAgro); Campus International de Baillarguet; CS30016 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Miguel Navascués
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle; Montpellier France
- INRA; Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR IRD-INRA-Cirad-Montpellier SupAgro); Campus International de Baillarguet; CS30016 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Caroline Tatard
- INRA; Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR IRD-INRA-Cirad-Montpellier SupAgro); Campus International de Baillarguet; CS30016 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Philippe Gauthier
- IRD; CBGP (UMR IRD-INRA-Cirad-SupAgro); Campus International de Baillarguet; CS30016 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Sama Gagaré
- Centre Régional Agrhymet; BP11011 Niamey Niger
| | - Sylvain Piry
- INRA; Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR IRD-INRA-Cirad-Montpellier SupAgro); Campus International de Baillarguet; CS30016 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Carine Brouat
- IRD; CBGP (UMR IRD-INRA-Cirad-SupAgro); Campus International de Baillarguet; CS30016 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Ambroise Dalecky
- IRD; Laboratoire Population Environnement Développement (UMR AMU-IRD); Aix-Marseille Université; Centre Saint Charles; CS80249 13331 Marseille Cedex 03 France
| | - Anne Loiseau
- INRA; Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR IRD-INRA-Cirad-Montpellier SupAgro); Campus International de Baillarguet; CS30016 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Gauthier Dobigny
- IRD; CBGP (UMR IRD-INRA-Cirad-SupAgro); Campus International de Baillarguet; CS30016 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
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28
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Willows-Munro S, Dowler RC, Jarcho MR, Phillips RB, Snell HL, Wilbert TR, Edwards CW. Cryptic diversity in Black rats Rattus rattus of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3721-3733. [PMID: 27231528 PMCID: PMC4863831 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activity has facilitated the introduction of a number of alien mammal species to the Galápagos Archipelago. Understanding the phylogeographic history and population genetics of invasive species on the Archipelago is an important step in predicting future spread and designing effective management strategies. In this study, we describe the invasion pathway of Rattus rattus across the Galápagos using microsatellite data, coupled with historical knowledge. Microsatellite genotypes were generated for 581 R. rattus sampled from 15 islands in the archipelago. The genetic data suggest that there are at least three genetic lineages of R. rattus present on the Galápagos Islands. The spatial distributions of these lineages correspond to the main centers of human settlement in the archipelago. There was limited admixture among these three lineages, and these finding coupled with low rates of gene flow among island populations suggests that interisland movement of R. rattus is rare. The low migration among islands recorded for the species will have a positive impact on future eradication efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi Willows-Munro
- School of Life Sciences University of Kwa Zulu-Natal PO Box X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Robert C Dowler
- Department of Biology Angelo State University San Angelo Texas
| | | | - Reese B Phillips
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office 300 Ala Moana Blvd Rm 3-122 Honolulu Hawaii
| | - Howard L Snell
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico
| | - Tammy R Wilbert
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park Washington District of Columbia
| | - Cody W Edwards
- Department of Biology George Mason University Fairfax Virginia 22030
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29
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Morand S, Bordes F, Chen HW, Claude J, Cosson JF, Galan M, Czirják GÁ, Greenwood AD, Latinne A, Michaux J, Ribas A. Global parasite and Rattus rodent invasions: The consequences for rodent-borne diseases. Integr Zool 2016; 10:409-23. [PMID: 26037785 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We summarize the current knowledge on parasitism-related invasion processes of the globally invasive Rattus lineages, originating from Asia, and how these invasions have impacted the local epidemiology of rodent-borne diseases. Parasites play an important role in the invasion processes and successes of their hosts through multiple biological mechanisms such as "parasite release," "immunocompetence advantage," "biotic resistance" and "novel weapon." Parasites may also greatly increase the impact of invasions by spillover of parasites and other pathogens, introduced with invasive hosts, into new hosts, potentially leading to novel emerging diseases. Another potential impact is the ability of the invader to amplify local parasites by spillback. In both cases, local fauna and humans may be exposed to new health risks, which may decrease biodiversity and potentially cause increases in human morbidity and mortality. Here we review the current knowledge on these processes and propose some research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Morand
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) Animal et Gestion Intégrée des Risques, Centre d'Infectiologie Christophe Mérieux du Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR.,Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Frédéric Bordes
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Hsuan-Wien Chen
- Department of Biological Resources, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan, China
| | - Julien Claude
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Cosson
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, Baillarguet, France.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR Biologie et Immunologie Parasitaire Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail ses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Maxime Galan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, Baillarguet, France
| | - Gábor Á Czirják
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Wildlife Diseases, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alex D Greenwood
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Wildlife Diseases, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alice Latinne
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.,Conservation Genetics Unit, University of Liège 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Johan Michaux
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) Animal et Gestion Intégrée des Risques, Centre d'Infectiologie Christophe Mérieux du Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR.,Conservation Genetics Unit, University of Liège 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexis Ribas
- Biodiversity Research Group, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, Thailand
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30
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Mangombi JB, Brouat C, Loiseau A, Banga O, Leroy EM, Bourgarel M, Duplantier JM. Urban population genetics of the invasive black rats in Franceville, Gabon. J Zool (1987) 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Mangombi
- Centre International de Recherche Médicale de Franceville (CIRMF); Franceville Gabon
- Ird; CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro); Montferrier-sur-Lez France
- CIRAD; UPR AGIRs; Montpellier France
| | - C. Brouat
- Ird; CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro); Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - A. Loiseau
- INRA; CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro); Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - O. Banga
- Centre International de Recherche Médicale de Franceville (CIRMF); Franceville Gabon
| | - E. M. Leroy
- Centre International de Recherche Médicale de Franceville (CIRMF); Franceville Gabon
| | - M. Bourgarel
- CIRAD; UPR AGIRs; Montpellier France
- CIRAD; UPR AGIRs; Harare Zimbabwe
| | - J.-M. Duplantier
- Ird; CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro); Montferrier-sur-Lez France
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31
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Kosoy M, Khlyap L, Cosson JF, Morand S. Aboriginal and invasive rats of genus Rattus as hosts of infectious agents. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2015; 15:3-12. [PMID: 25629775 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From the perspective of ecology of zoonotic pathogens, the role of the Old World rats of the genus Rattus is exceptional. The review analyzes specific characteristics of rats that contribute to their important role in hosting pathogens, such as host-pathogen relations and rates of rat-borne infections, taxonomy, ecology, and essential factors. Specifically the review addresses recent taxonomic revisions within the genus Rattus that resulted from applications of new genetic tools in understanding relationships between the Old World rats and the infectious agents that they carry. Among the numerous species within the genus Rattus, only three species-the Norway rat (R. norvegicus), the black or roof rat (R. rattus), and the Asian black rat (R. tanezumi)-have colonized urban ecosystems globally for a historically long period of time. The fourth invasive species, R. exulans, is limited to tropical Asia-Pacific areas. One of the points highlighted in this review is the necessity to discriminate the roles played by rats as pathogen reservoirs within the land of their original diversification and in regions where only one or few rat species were introduced during the recent human history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kosoy
- 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado
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32
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Mitochondrial phylogeography of the black rat supports a single invasion of the western Mediterranean basin. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Garba M, Dalecky A, Kadaoure I, Kane M, Hima K, Veran S, Gagare S, Gauthier P, Tatard C, Rossi JP, Dobigny G. Spatial segregation between invasive and native commensal rodents in an urban environment: a case study in Niamey, Niger. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110666. [PMID: 25379785 PMCID: PMC4224371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive rodents have been responsible for the diffusion worldwide of many zoonotic agents, thus representing major threats for public health. Cities are important hubs for people and goods exchange and are thus expected to play a pivotal role in invasive commensal rodent dissemination. Yet, data about urban rodents' ecology, especially invasive vs. native species interactions, are dramatically scarce. Here, we provide results of an extensive survey of urban rodents conducted in Niamey, Niger, depicting the early stages of rodent bioinvasions within a city. We explore the species-specific spatial distributions throughout the city using contrasted approaches, namely field sampling, co-occurrence analysis, occupancy modelling and indicator geostatistics. We show that (i) two species (i.e. rural-like vs. truly commensal) assemblages can be identified, and that (ii) within commensal rodents, invasive (Rattus rattus and Mus musculus) and native (Mastomys natalensis) species are spatially segregated. Moreover, several pieces of arguments tend to suggest that these exclusive distributions reflect an ongoing native-to-invasive species turn over. The underlying processes as well as the possible consequences for humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madougou Garba
- Centre Régional Agrhymet, Département Formation Recherche, Niamey, Niger
- Université Abdou Moumouni, Faculté des Sciences, Niamey, Niger
- Direction Générale de la Protection des Végétaux, Ministère de l′Agriculture, Niamey, Niger
| | - Ambroise Dalecky
- IRD, Aix Marseille Université, LPED (UMR IRD-AMU), Marseille, France
- IRD, CBGP (UMR IRD-INRA-Cirad-SupAgro Montpellier), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | | | - Mamadou Kane
- IRD, CBGP, Campus ISRA-IRD de Dakar-Bel-Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Karmadine Hima
- Université Abdou Moumouni, Faculté des Sciences, Niamey, Niger
| | - Sophie Veran
- INRA, CBGP, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Sama Gagare
- Centre Régional Agrhymet, Département Formation Recherche, Niamey, Niger
| | - Philippe Gauthier
- IRD, CBGP (UMR IRD-INRA-Cirad-SupAgro Montpellier), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Caroline Tatard
- INRA, CBGP, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Rossi
- INRA, CBGP, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Gauthier Dobigny
- Centre Régional Agrhymet, Département Formation Recherche, Niamey, Niger
- IRD, CBGP (UMR IRD-INRA-Cirad-SupAgro Montpellier), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
- * E-mail:
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Vargo EL, Crissman JR, Booth W, Santangelo RG, Mukha DV, Schal C. Hierarchical genetic analysis of German cockroach (Blattella germanica) populations from within buildings to across continents. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102321. [PMID: 25020136 PMCID: PMC4096728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the population structure of species that disperse primarily by human transport is essential to predicting and controlling human-mediated spread of invasive species. The German cockroach (Blattella germanica) is a widespread urban invader that can actively disperse within buildings but is spread solely by human-mediated dispersal over longer distances; however, its population structure is poorly understood. Using microsatellite markers we investigated population structure at several spatial scales, from populations within single apartment buildings to populations from several cities across the U.S. and Eurasia. Both traditional measures of genetic differentiation and Bayesian clustering methods revealed increasing levels of genetic differentiation at greater geographic scales. Our results are consistent with active dispersal of cockroaches largely limited to movement within a building. Their low levels of genetic differentiation, yet limited active spread between buildings, suggests a greater likelihood of human-mediated dispersal at more local scales (within a city) than at larger spatial scales (within and between continents). About half the populations from across the U.S. clustered together with other U.S. populations, and isolation by distance was evident across the U.S. Levels of genetic differentiation among Eurasian cities were greater than those in the U.S. and greater than those between the U.S. and Eurasia, but no clear pattern of structure at the continent level was detected. MtDNA sequence variation was low and failed to reveal any geographical structure. The weak genetic structure detected here is likely due to a combination of historical admixture among populations and periodic population bottlenecks and founder events, but more extensive studies are needed to determine whether signatures of global movement may be present in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L. Vargo
- Department of Entomology and W. M. Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jonathan R. Crissman
- Department of Entomology and W. M. Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Warren Booth
- Department of Entomology and W. M. Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard G. Santangelo
- Department of Entomology and W. M. Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dmitry V. Mukha
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and W. M. Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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Šnábel V, Utsuki D, Kato T, Sunaga F, Ooi HK, Gambetta B, Taira K. Molecular identification of Heterakis spumosa obtained from brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Japan and its infectivity in experimental mice. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:3449-55. [PMID: 24997621 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Heterakis spumosa is a nematode of invasive rodents, mainly affiliated with Rattus spp. of Asian origin. Despite the ecological importance and cosmopolitan distribution, little information is available on the genetic characteristics and infectivity to experimental animals of this roundworm. Heterakis isolates obtained from naturally infected brown rats caught in 2007 in the city of Sagamihara, east central Honshu, Japan, and maintained by laboratory passages were subjected to mitochondrial sequence analysis and experimental infection in mice. Sequencing of the cox1 gene revealed that nucleotides of H. spumosa and previously examined Heterakis isolonche isolates from gallinaceous birds in Japan differed by 11.2-12.2% that conforms to the range expected for interspecific differences. The two H. spumosa isolates differed by a single 138T/C non-synonymous substitution in the 393-bp mt sequence. In a dendrogram, the H. spumosa samples formed a subcluster with members of the nematode superfamily Heterakoidea, H. isolonche and Ascaridia galli. In an experimental infection study, ICR, AKR, B10.BR and C57BL/6 mice strains were inoculated with 200 H. spumosa eggs/head and necropsied at 14 and 90 days post-inoculation (DPI) when the number of worms was recorded. Eggs were initially detected in faeces from 32-35 DPI in ICR, AKR and B10.BR mice and the highest mean number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) was 4,800 at 38 DPI, 2,200 at 58 DPI and 800 at 44 and 72 DPI in ICR, AKR and B10.BR mice, respectively. No eggs were observed in faeces of the C57BL/6 mouse strain during the experiment. A similar number of juvenile worms were isolated from all mouse strains at 14 DPI, whereas no adult worms were detected in C57BL/6 mice at 90 DPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viliam Šnábel
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia,
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36
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Meirmans PG. Nonconvergence in Bayesian estimation of migration rates. Mol Ecol Resour 2014; 14:726-33. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G. Meirmans
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED); University of Amsterdam; P.O. Box 94248 1090GE Amsterdam
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