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Zakardjian M, Jourdan H, Cochenille T, Mahé P, Geslin B. Checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of New Caledonia. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e105291. [PMID: 37809278 PMCID: PMC10552698 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In a world where insects and notably bees are declining, assessing their distribution over time and space is crucial to evaluate species status and highlight conservation priorities. However, this can be a daunting task, especially in areas such as tropical oceanic islands where exhaustive samplings over time have been lacking. This is the case in New Caledonia, an archipelago located in the southwest Pacific. Historical records of bee species are piecemeal and, although contemporary samplings have significantly advanced our knowledge of the bee fauna of New Caledonia, the status of several species remains to be elucidated. New information Here, we provide an updated checklist of the 51 bee species recorded for New Caledonia using previous publications and personal samplings. We documented their distribution, origin (i.e. endemic, native or alien) and the year and location of their occurrences. Based on the year of their first capture and the year of their last capture, we determined an occurrence status for each species. Thus, 10 years after the last checklist of the New Caledonian bee fauna, the literature review and recent samplings allowed us to add six new species to the list. Half of them are recently introduced species including one firstly mentioned in this paper (i.e. Hylaeusalbonitens). We consider here that 30 species are effectively present on the territory and the presence of 21 species could not be determined due to a lack of data, which highlights the need to increase sampling efforts across New Caledonia. Given the difficulty of exhaustively sampling the entire archipelago, we would recommend taking, as a starting point, altitude environments and areas where data-deficient species were captured. In a broader perspective, biomolecular analyses are crucial to confirm species identifications. This is also needed to make comparisons between archipelagoes and thus clarify the distribution and status of species at the scale of the southwest Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Zakardjian
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, FranceAix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBEMarseilleFrance
| | - Hervé Jourdan
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Nouméa, FranceAix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBENouméaFrance
| | - Thomas Cochenille
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, FranceAix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBEMarseilleFrance
| | - Prisca Mahé
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Nouméa, FranceAix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBENouméaFrance
| | - Benoît Geslin
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, FranceAix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBEMarseilleFrance
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Iwasaki JM, Hogendoorn K. Mounting evidence that managed and introduced bees have negative impacts on wild bees: an updated review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:100043. [PMID: 36003276 PMCID: PMC9387436 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, the use of managed bees for crop pollination and honey production has increased dramatically. Concerns about the pressures of these increases on native ecosystems has resulted in a recent expansion in the literature on this subject. To collate and update current knowledge, we performed a systematic review of the literature on the effects of managed and introduced bees on native ecosystems, focusing on the effects on wild bees. To enable comparison over time, we used the same search terms and focused on the same impacts as earlier reviews. This review covers: (a) interference and resource competition between introduced or managed bees and native bees; (b) effects of introduced or managed bees on pollination of native plants and weeds; and (c) transmission and infectivity of pathogens; and classifies effects into positive, negative, or neutral. Compared to a 2017 review, we found that the number of papers on this issue has increased by 47%. The highest increase was seen in papers on pathogen spill-over, but in the last five years considerable additional information about competition between managed and wild bees has also become available. Records of negative effects have increased from 53% of papers reporting negative effects in 2017 to 66% at present. The majority of these studies investigated effects on visitation and foraging behaviour. While only a few studies experimentally assessed impacts on wild bee reproductive output, 78% of these demonstrated negative effects. Plant composition and pollination was negatively affected in 7% of studies, and 79% of studies on pathogens reported potential negative effects of managed or introduced bees on wild bees. Taken together, the evidence increasingly suggests that managed and introduced bees negatively affect wild bees, and this knowledge should inform actions to prevent further harm to native ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M. Iwasaki
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5064, Australia
| | - Katja Hogendoorn
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5064, Australia
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da Silva CRB, Beaman JE, Dorey JB, Barker SJ, Congedi NC, Elmer MC, Galvin S, Tuiwawa M, Stevens MI, Alton LA, Schwarz MP, Kellermann V. Climate change and invasive species: a physiological performance comparison of invasive and endemic bees in Fiji. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb230326. [PMID: 33257439 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.230326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change and invasive species are two of the greatest threats to biodiversity, affecting the survival, fitness and distribution of many species around the globe. Invasive species are often expected to have broad thermal tolerance, be highly plastic, or have high adaptive potential when faced with novel environments. Tropical island ectotherms are expected to be vulnerable to climate change as they often have narrow thermal tolerance and limited plasticity. In Fiji, only one species of endemic bee, Homalictus fijiensis, is commonly found in the lowland regions, but two invasive bee species, Braunsapis puangensis and Ceratina dentipes, have recently been introduced into Fiji. These introduced species pollinate invasive plants and might compete with H. fijiensis and other native pollinators for resources. To test whether certain performance traits promote invasiveness of some species, and to determine which species are the most vulnerable to climate change, we compared the thermal tolerance, desiccation resistance, metabolic rate and seasonal performance adjustments of endemic and invasive bees in Fiji. The two invasive species tended to be more resistant to thermal and desiccation stress than H. fijiensis, while H. fijiensis had greater capacity to adjust their CTmax with season, and H. fijiensis females tended to have higher metabolic rates than B. puangensis females. These findings provide mixed support for current hypotheses for the functional basis of the success of invasive species; however, we expect the invasive bees in Fiji to be more resilient to climate change because of their increased thermal tolerance and desiccation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen R B da Silva
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Julian E Beaman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5000, Australia
| | - James B Dorey
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5000, Australia
- Biological and Earth Sciences, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sarah J Barker
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Nicholas C Congedi
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Matt C Elmer
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Stephen Galvin
- School of Geography, Earth Science and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji
| | - Marika Tuiwawa
- South Pacific Regional Herbarium and Biodiversity Centre, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji
| | - Mark I Stevens
- Biological and Earth Sciences, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Lesley A Alton
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael P Schwarz
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Vanessa Kellermann
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Zakardjian M, Geslin B, Mitran V, Franquet E, Jourdan H. Effects of Urbanization on Plant-Pollinator Interactions in the Tropics: An Experimental Approach Using Exotic Plants. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110773. [PMID: 33182264 PMCID: PMC7695313 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Island environments of the Southwest Pacific, like New Caledonia, generally present poorly diversified bee fauna. Thus, they are particularly prone to the establishment of introduced bee species. These exotic species may compete with native bees for plant resources, disrupt pollination of native plants, and enhance the reproduction of exotic ones. To conserve local plant–pollinator interactions, it is essential to assess the factors favoring the presence and the activity of exotic bees. Here, we focused on the effects of urbanization on plant–pollinator interactions. We set up experimental plant communities composed of four exotic species in two contrasted habitats—a natural environment vs. an urban environment—and observed plant–pollinator interactions. We showed that the urban environment was largely dominated by exotic bees. We also showed that some exotic bee species can interact preferentially with a single exotic ornamental plant species. Overall, our results indicate that Nouméa is an entry point for exotic bees, which should encourage local authorities to maintain biosecurity measures to effectively limit the arrival of exogenous bees. Lastly, the use of exotic horticultural plants in green public spaces should be questioned regarding their potential attractiveness to exotic bees. Abstract Land-use changes through urbanization and biological invasions both threaten plant-pollinator networks. Urban areas host modified bee communities and are characterized by high proportions of exotic plants. Exotic species, either animals or plants, may compete with native species and disrupt plant–pollinator interactions. These threats are heightened in insular systems of the Southwest Pacific, where the bee fauna is generally poor and ecological networks are simplified. However, the impacts of these factors have seldom been studied in tropical contexts. To explore those questions, we installed experimental exotic plant communities in urban and natural contexts in New Caledonia, a plant diversity hotspot. For four weeks, we observed plant–pollinator interactions between local pollinators and our experimental exotic plant communities. We found a significantly higher foraging activity of exotic wild bees within the city, together with a strong plant–pollinator association between two exotic species. However, contrary to our expectations, the landscape context (urban vs. natural) had no effect on the activity of native bees. These results raise issues concerning how species introduced in plant–pollinator networks will impact the reproductive success of both native and exotic plants. Furthermore, the urban system could act as a springboard for alien species to disperse in natural systems and even invade them, leading to conservation concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Zakardjian
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, 13000 Marseille, France; (B.G.); (V.M.); (E.F.)
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Nouméa 98800, New Caledonia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-91-28-85-34
| | - Benoît Geslin
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, 13000 Marseille, France; (B.G.); (V.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Valentin Mitran
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, 13000 Marseille, France; (B.G.); (V.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Evelyne Franquet
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, 13000 Marseille, France; (B.G.); (V.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Hervé Jourdan
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Nouméa 98800, New Caledonia;
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Parslow BA, Schwarz MP, Stevens MI. Molecular diversity and species delimitation in the family Gasteruptiidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea). Genome 2020; 64:253-264. [PMID: 32413273 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gasteruptiidae Ashmead is an easily recognised family of wasps with ∼589 described species worldwide. Although well characterised by traditional taxonomy, multiple authors have commented on the extreme morphological uniformity of the group, making species-level identification difficult. This problem is enhanced by the lack of molecular data and molecular phylogenetic research for the group. We used 187 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes to explore the efficiency of sequence data to delimitate species in Gasteruptiidae. We undertook a graphical and discussion-based comparison of six methods for species delimitation, with the success of methods judged based on known species boundaries and morphology. Both distance-based (ABGD and jMOTU threshold analysis) and tree-based (GMYC and PTP) methods compared across multiple parameters recovered variable molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), ranging from 55 to 123 MOTUs. Tree-based methods tended to split known morphological species less than distance-based methods, with the single-threshold GMYC method the most concordant with known morphospecies. Our results suggest that the incorporation of molecular species delimitation techniques provides a powerful tool to assist in the interpretation of species and help direct informed decisions with taxonomic uncertainty in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Parslow
- Biological Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.,Biological and Earth Sciences, South Australian Museum, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael P Schwarz
- Biological Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Mark I Stevens
- Biological and Earth Sciences, South Australian Museum, SA 5000, Australia.,University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, SA 5000, Australia
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Sheffield C, Heron J, Musetti L. Xylocopa sonorina Smith, 1874 from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Xylocopinae) with comments on its taxonomy. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e49918. [PMID: 32336924 PMCID: PMC7174431 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e49918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Only one species of large carpenter bee, Xylocopa virginica (Linnaeus, 1771), has been recorded from Canada, albeit restricted to southern Ontario and Quebec. However, a single female specimen identified by Hurd in 1954 as X. varipuncta Patton, 1879 from British Columbia is in the C.A. Triplehorn Insect Collection at The Ohio State University (OSUC), suggesting that this species was accidentally introduced into coastal western Canada. As wood-nesters, many large carpenter bees are likely capable of expanding their range great distances by natural and unnatural transport methods while nesting inside suitable substrates, the presumed mode of transport into western Canada, and likely elsewhere. The ease at which the nests are transported has likely contributed to the nomenclatural and distributional ambiguity surrounding this species due to morphological similarities of specimens from North America, Hawaii, and several South Pacific islands. New information By comparing DNA barcodes of specimens from the western United States to specimens from Hawaii, we confirm the early opinion of P.H. Timberlake (Timberlake 1922) that specimens long established on the Hawaiian Islands are the same X. varipuncta from continental North America. Furthermore, these DNA barcode sequences also match those of specimens identified as X. sonorina Smith, 1874 from the French Polynesian and Samoan Islands, thus fully supporting the opinion of Groom et al. (2017) that all are likely conspecific. As X. sonorina, a species described from and likely introduced to Hawaii is the oldest name available, X. varipuncta is here placed into synonymy. Additional research will be needed to trace the timing and pathway of introduction and establishment of X. sonorina; it is presumed that the species is native to the southwestern United States but has been established in Hawaii since the mid-1800s. It is also established in French Polynesia, the Samoan Islands, and likely other south Pacific islands, with additional records of occurrence from Java, New Zealand, and now Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Sheffield
- Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Regina, Canada Royal Saskatchewan Museum Regina Canada
| | - Jennifer Heron
- British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Species Conservation Science Unit, Vancouver, Canada British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Species Conservation Science Unit Vancouver Canada
| | - Luciana Musetti
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States of America The Ohio State University Columbus United States of America
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Ibalim S, Groom SV, Dorey JB, Velasco-Castrillon A, Schwarz MP, Stevens MI. Origin and dispersal of Homalictus (Apoidea: Halictidae) across Australia, Papua New Guinea and Pacific. T ROY SOC SOUTH AUST 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2020.1740957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sentiko Ibalim
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Scott V.C. Groom
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James B. Dorey
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Michael P. Schwarz
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark I. Stevens
- South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Crichton A, Francis N, Doherty S, Tuiwawa M, Hayes S, Stevens MI, Schwarz MP. Low endemic bee diversity and very wide host range in lowland Fiji: support for the pollinator super-generalist hypothesis in island biogeography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/pc18037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The success of invading plants in island ecosystems has often been inferred to result from ‘invader complexes’, where cointroduced plants and their specialist pollinators can reciprocally enhance each other’s spread. However, it has also been suggested that in islands with low pollinator diversity, those pollinators should evolve into super-generalists that may be able to pollinate a wide range of exotic plants, enabling the spread of exotic weeds. Fiji has a very depauperate endemic bee fauna and previous studies have suggested that its only lowland bee species, Homalictus fijiensis (Apoidea: Halictidae), has a very wide range of host plants. However, those studies only included a small number of endemic flowering plants. Our study expands observations of bee–flower interactions to explore host plant ranges of H. fijiensis and introduced bee species to include a wider variety of native and introduced plant species. We show that H. fijiensis does have a wider host range than introduced bees, including Apis mellifera (Apoidea: Apidae), and an ability to exploit extrafloral nectaries and poricidal anthers that are not utilised by the introduced bee species. Our results support the hypothesis that super-generalism can evolve in islands where pollinator diversity is low, and that this may make those islands susceptible to weed invasions.
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Shell WA, Rehan SM. Invasive range expansion of the small carpenter bee, Ceratina dentipes (Hymenoptera: Apidae) into Hawaii with implications for native endangered species displacement. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Balzan MV, Potschin-Young M, Haines-Young R. Island ecosystem services: insights from a literature review on case-study island ecosystem services and future prospects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES & MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21513732.2018.1439103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario V. Balzan
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology, Paola, Malta
- Centre for Environmental Management, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marion Potschin-Young
- Centre for Environmental Management, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Fabis Consulting Ltd., Barton In Fabis, Nottingham, UK
| | - Roy Haines-Young
- Centre for Environmental Management, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Fabis Consulting Ltd., Barton In Fabis, Nottingham, UK
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Leijs R, Batley M, Hogendoorn K. The genus Amegilla (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Anthophorini) in Australia: A revision of the subgenera Notomegilla and Zonamegilla. Zookeys 2017:79-140. [PMID: 28331394 PMCID: PMC5345376 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.653.11177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Australian bees in the subgenera Notomegilla and Zonamegilla of the genus Amegilla are revised. Commonly in Australia the species in these subgenera are called blue-banded bees, although not all species have blue bands. A phylogeny based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 sequence data was used to delineate the species and a set of morphological criteria was developed for species identification. Strong support was obtained for separating the Australian species into the three subgenera previously proposed on the basis of morphology. Two species, are recognised in the subgenus Notomegilla and eleven new synonymies are proposed. Twelve Australian species are recognised in the subgenus Zonamegilla including four new species: indistincta, karlba, paeninsulae and viridicingulata, and twenty new synonymies are proposed. Keys to the species of both sexes and descriptions or redescriptions of all species are provided. Distribution maps, data on flower visitation and phenology are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remko Leijs
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Batley
- Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Katja Hogendoorn
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Russo L. Positive and Negative Impacts of Non-Native Bee Species around the World. INSECTS 2016; 7:insects7040069. [PMID: 27916802 PMCID: PMC5198217 DOI: 10.3390/insects7040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Though they are relatively understudied, non-native bees are ubiquitous and have enormous potential economic and environmental impacts. These impacts may be positive or negative, and are often unquantified. In this manuscript, I review literature on the known distribution and environmental and economic impacts of 80 species of introduced bees. The potential negative impacts of non-native bees include competition with native bees for nesting sites or floral resources, pollination of invasive weeds, co-invasion with pathogens and parasites, genetic introgression, damage to buildings, affecting the pollination of native plant species, and changing the structure of native pollination networks. The potential positive impacts of non-native bees include agricultural pollination, availability for scientific research, rescue of native species, and resilience to human-mediated disturbance and climate change. Most non-native bee species are accidentally introduced and nest in stems, twigs, and cavities in wood. In terms of number of species, the best represented families are Megachilidae and Apidae, and the best represented genus is Megachile. The best studied genera are Apis and Bombus, and most of the species in these genera were deliberately introduced for agricultural pollination. Thus, we know little about the majority of non-native bees, accidentally introduced or spreading beyond their native ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Russo
- Mueller Lab, Biology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Jordaens K, Goergen G, Virgilio M, Backeljau T, Vokaer A, De Meyer M. DNA Barcoding to Improve the Taxonomy of the Afrotropical Hoverflies (Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140264. [PMID: 26473612 PMCID: PMC4608823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of Afrotropical hoverflies is very difficult because of limited recent taxonomic revisions and the lack of comprehensive identification keys. In order to assist in their identification, and to improve the taxonomy of this group, we constructed a reference dataset of 513 COI barcodes of 90 of the more common nominal species from Ghana, Togo, Benin and Nigeria (W Africa) and added ten publically available COI barcodes from nine nominal Afrotropical species to this (total: 523 COI barcodes; 98 nominal species; 26 genera). The identification accuracy of this dataset was evaluated with three methods (K2P distance-based, Neighbor-Joining (NJ) / Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis, and using SpeciesIdentifier). Results of the three methods were highly congruent and showed a high identification success. Nine species pairs showed a low (< 0.03) mean interspecific K2P distance that resulted in several incorrect identifications. A high (> 0.03) maximum intraspecific K2P distance was observed in eight species and barcodes of these species not always formed single clusters in the NJ / ML analayses which may indicate the occurrence of cryptic species. Optimal K2P thresholds to differentiate intra- from interspecific K2P divergence were highly different among the three subfamilies (Eristalinae: 0.037, Syrphinae: 0.06, Microdontinae: 0.007-0.02), and among the different general suggesting that optimal thresholds are better defined at the genus level. In addition to providing an alternative identification tool, our study indicates that DNA barcoding improves the taxonomy of Afrotropical hoverflies by selecting (groups of) taxa that deserve further taxonomic study, and by attributing the unknown sex to species for which only one of the sexes is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Jordaens
- Department of Biology–Invertebrate Section and Joint Experimental Molecular Unit (JEMU), Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Georg Goergen
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Virgilio
- Department of Biology–Invertebrate Section and Joint Experimental Molecular Unit (JEMU), Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Thierry Backeljau
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal, Cotonou, Republic of Benin
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences–OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny and Joint Experimental Molecular Unit (JEMU), Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Vokaer
- Department of Biology–Invertebrate Section and Joint Experimental Molecular Unit (JEMU), Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Marc De Meyer
- Department of Biology–Invertebrate Section and Joint Experimental Molecular Unit (JEMU), Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
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Oster M, Beck JJ, Furrow RE, Yeung K, Field CB. In-field yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) volatile composition under elevated temperature and CO2 and implications for future control. CHEMOECOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-015-0200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Groom SVC, Tuiwawa MV, Stevens MI, Schwarz MP. Recent introduction of an allodapine bee into Fiji: A new model system for understanding biological invasions by pollinators. INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 22:532-540. [PMID: 24799358 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Morphology-based studies have suggested a very depauperate bee fauna for islands in the South West Pacific, and recent genetic studies since have indicated an even smaller endemic fauna with many bee species in this region resulting from human-aided dispersal. These introduced species have the potential to both disrupt native pollinator suites as well as augment crop pollination, but for most species the timings of introduction are unknown. We examined the distribution and nesting biology of the long-tongued bee Braunsapis puangensis that was first recorded from Fiji in 2007. This bee has now become widespread in Fiji and both its local abundance and geographical range are likely to increase dramatically. The impacts of this invasion are potentially enormous for agriculture and native ecosystems, but they also provide opportunities for understanding how social insect species adapt to new environments. We outline the major issues associated with this recent invasion and argue that a long-term monitoring study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott V C Groom
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, SA, 5001, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marika V Tuiwawa
- South Pacific Regional Herbarium, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - Mark I Stevens
- South Australian Museum, GPO Box 234, SA, 5000
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael P Schwarz
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, SA, 5001, Adelaide, Australia
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