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Ismail M, Siemann E, Ding J. Behavior of higher trophic levels associated with an invasive plant varies among populations. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:870-878. [PMID: 37530696 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants from their native and introduced ranges differ in their interactions with herbivores but it is not known whether they also vary in their interactions with herbivore natural enemies. Here, we used olfactometer bioassays and cage experiments to investigate how foraging behaviors of 2 parasitoid and 1 hyperparasitoid species depended on plant population origin. Triadica sebifera (Euphorbiaceae) is native to China but invasive in the United States. In China, it is fed on by a specialist noctuid Gadirtha fusca (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), which hosts a parasitoid Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Microgastinae) and hyperparasitoid (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) plus a generalist aphid Toxoptera odinae (Homoptera: Aphidiidae) parasitized by Lysiphlebus confusus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae). Both parasitoids preferred plants infested by their host over herbivore-free plants in olfactometer bioassays. Apanteles sp. and Eurytomid wasps preferred G. fusca infested plants from China populations over those from US populations in olfactometer bioassays but L. confusus wasps did not discriminate between T. odinae infested plants from China vs. US populations. Similarly, G. fusca caterpillars on China population plants were more likely to be parasitized than ones on US population plants when they were in the same cage but odds of parasitism for T. odinae did not differ for those on China vs. US population plants. These results suggest that populations from the native and introduced ranges may differ in traits that impact higher trophic levels. This may have implications for successful control of invasive plants as biocontrol agents are introduced or herbivores begin to feed on them in their introduced ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad Ismail
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jianqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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Performance of a Native Butterfly and Introduced Moth on Native and Introduced Lineages of Phragmites australis. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121102. [PMID: 34940190 PMCID: PMC8703279 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary We evaluated the survival and development of a native butterfly (Poanes viator) and introduced moth (Rhizedra lutosa) fed native or introduced lineages of common reed (Phragmites australis). The native butterfly feeds more generally on monocots, so some larvae were also fed wild rice (Zizania aquatica). Using R. lutosa, we also tested an artificial diet supplemented with common reed rhizome powder as a potential food for rearing stalk and rhizome boring Lepidoptera. Generally, both insect species had low larval survival on all plants used, but high pupation success once insects reached that stage. Only P. viator larvae reared on leaves from native plants pupated and completed development. Rhizedra lutosa completed all developmental stages on native and introduced P. australis rhizomes. The artificial diet resulted in a doubling of survival and successful development to adults for R. lutosa. Several specialist Lepidopteran species are being considered for approval as biological control agents for the non-native, invasive common reed in North America, and the convenience and increased larval performance make this artificial diet a good alternative for rearing organisms. Abstract This study examined the performance of Poanes viator (Edwards) (Hesperiidae), a native North American skipper, and Rhizedra lutosa (Hübner) (Noctuidae), an introduced moth, reared on native and non-native, invasive lineages of Phragmites australis. Poanes viator is a generalist on monocots and larvae were also fed leaves of Zizania aquatica, a native macrophyte that the skipper commonly uses as a host plant. Larval survival and duration, pupal weight, and pupation time were compared for P. viator feeding on leaf tissue and R. lutosa feeding on rhizomes of either native or introduced plants. We also tested an artificial diet supplemented with P. australis rhizome powder as a potential food for rearing other stalk and rhizome boring Lepidoptera. In experiments using excised plant tissues, some individuals of both species fed and developed to the pupal stage on native and introduced plants, but overall, larval survival rates were low. Plant species/haplotype identity did not cause strong differences in larval survival for either species. However, P. viator larvae only pupated when feeding on native plants (Zizania aquatica and native P. australis haplotypes), whereas R. lutosa successfully pupated on both native and introduced P. australis. Although larval survival was low, 100% of P. viator and 95% of R. lutosa that reached the pupal stage emerged as adults. Rhizedra lutosa larvae fed an artificial diet supplemented with P. australis rhizome powder had significantly greater survival and pupal weights, and shorter pupation times than larvae fed rhizomes only. Several specialist Lepidopteran species are being considered for approval as biological control agents for the non-native P. australis haplotype, and the convenience and increased larval performance make this artificial diet a good alternative for rearing organisms.
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Oh DH, Kowalski KP, Quach QN, Wijesinghege C, Tanford P, Dassanayake M, Clay K. Novel genome characteristics contribute to the invasiveness of Phragmites australis (common reed). Mol Ecol 2021; 31:1142-1159. [PMID: 34839548 PMCID: PMC9300010 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The rapid invasion of the non‐native Phragmites australis (Poaceae, subfamily Arundinoideae) is a major threat to native wetland ecosystems in North America and elsewhere. We describe the first reference genome for P. australis and compare invasive (ssp. australis) and native (ssp. americanus) genotypes collected from replicated populations across the Laurentian Great Lakes to deduce genomic bases driving its invasive success. Here, we report novel genomic features including a Phragmites lineage‐specific whole genome duplication, followed by gene loss and preferential retention of genes associated with transcription factors and regulatory functions in the remaining duplicates. Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed that genes associated with biotic stress and defence responses were expressed at a higher basal level in invasive genotypes, but native genotypes showed a stronger induction of defence responses when challenged by a fungal endophyte. The reference genome and transcriptomes, combined with previous ecological and environmental data, add to our understanding of mechanisms leading to invasiveness and support the development of novel, genomics‐assisted management approaches for invasive Phragmites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ha Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kurt P Kowalski
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Quynh N Quach
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chathura Wijesinghege
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Philippa Tanford
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Keith Clay
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Characterizing an invasion assemblage: first comparison of insect communities on native and introduced subspecies of Phragmites australis in Ontario, Canada. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Allen WJ, Waller LP, Barratt BIP, Dickie IA, Tylianakis JM. Exotic plants accumulate and share herbivores yet dominate communities via rapid growth. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2696. [PMID: 33976206 PMCID: PMC8113582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivores may facilitate or impede exotic plant invasion, depending on their direct and indirect interactions with exotic plants relative to co-occurring natives. However, previous studies investigating direct effects have mostly used pairwise native-exotic comparisons with few enemies, reached conflicting conclusions, and largely overlooked indirect interactions such as apparent competition. Here, we ask whether native and exotic plants differ in their interactions with invertebrate herbivores. We manipulate and measure plant-herbivore and plant-soil biota interactions in 160 experimental mesocosm communities to test several invasion hypotheses. We find that compared with natives, exotic plants support higher herbivore diversity and biomass, and experience larger proportional biomass reductions from herbivory, regardless of whether specialist soil biota are present. Yet, exotics consistently dominate community biomass, likely due to their fast growth rates rather than strong potential to exert apparent competition on neighbors. We conclude that polyphagous invertebrate herbivores are unlikely to play significant direct or indirect roles in mediating plant invasions, especially for fast-growing exotic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warwick J Allen
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand.
| | - Lauren P Waller
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Barbara I P Barratt
- AgResearch, Invermay Research Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ian A Dickie
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Cesarino I, Dello Ioio R, Kirschner GK, Ogden MS, Picard KL, Rast-Somssich MI, Somssich M. Plant science's next top models. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:1-23. [PMID: 32271862 PMCID: PMC7304477 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Model organisms are at the core of life science research. Notable examples include the mouse as a model for humans, baker's yeast for eukaryotic unicellular life and simple genetics, or the enterobacteria phage λ in virology. Plant research was an exception to this rule, with researchers relying on a variety of non-model plants until the eventual adoption of Arabidopsis thaliana as primary plant model in the 1980s. This proved to be an unprecedented success, and several secondary plant models have since been established. Currently, we are experiencing another wave of expansion in the set of plant models. SCOPE Since the 2000s, new model plants have been established to study numerous aspects of plant biology, such as the evolution of land plants, grasses, invasive and parasitic plant life, adaptation to environmental challenges, and the development of morphological diversity. Concurrent with the establishment of new plant models, the advent of the 'omics' era in biology has led to a resurgence of the more complex non-model plants. With this review, we introduce some of the new and fascinating plant models, outline why they are interesting subjects to study, the questions they will help to answer, and the molecular tools that have been established and are available to researchers. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying all aspects of plant biology can only be achieved with the adoption of a comprehensive set of models, each of which allows the assessment of at least one aspect of plant life. The model plants described here represent a step forward towards our goal to explore and comprehend the diversity of plant form and function. Still, several questions remain unanswered, but the constant development of novel technologies in molecular biology and bioinformatics is already paving the way for the next generation of plant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Cesarino
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gwendolyn K Kirschner
- University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Division of Crop Functional Genomics, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael S Ogden
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kelsey L Picard
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Madlen I Rast-Somssich
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc Somssich
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Croy JR, Meyerson LA, Allen WJ, Bhattarai GP, Cronin JT. Lineage and latitudinal variation inPhragmites australistolerance to herbivory: implications for invasion success. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R. Croy
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Laura A. Meyerson
- Dept of Natural Resource Sciences, Univ. of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA
| | - Warwick J. Allen
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
- The Bio‐Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Ganesh P. Bhattarai
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
- Dept of Entomology, Kansas State Univ. Manhattan KS USA
| | - James T. Cronin
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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Evidence does not support the targeting of cryptic invaders at the subspecies level using classical biological control: the example of Phragmites. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Canavan K, Paterson ID, Hill MP, Dudley TL. Testing the Enemy Release Hypothesis on tall-statured grasses in South Africa, using Arundo donax, Phragmites australis, and Phragmites mauritianus as models. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 109:287-299. [PMID: 30115135 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485318000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH) predicts that introduced plant species can escape herbivory and therefore have a competitive advantage over native plants, which are exposed to both generalist and specialist natural enemies. In this study, the ERH was explored using the invasive alien species, Arundo donax and two native tall-statured grasses, the cosmopolitan Phragmites australis and African endemic Phragmites mauritianus in South Africa. It was predicted that A. donax would have reduced species richness of herbivores compared with the native Phragmites spp., that it would be devoid of specialist herbivores and would thus be experiencing enemy escape in the adventive range. The herbivore assemblages were determined from both field surveys and a literature review. The assumptions of the ERH were for the most part not met; 13 herbivores were found on A. donax compared with 17 on P. australis and 20 on P. mauritianus. Arundo donax had two specialist herbivores from its native range, and shared native herbivores with Phragmites spp. Although A. donax had reduced species richness and diversity compared with that found in the native distribution, it has partially re-acquired a herbivore assemblage which is similar to that found on analogous native species. This suggests that enemy release may not fully explain the invasive success of A. donax in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Canavan
- Department of Zoology and Entomology,Centre for Biological Control,Rhodes University,PO Box 94 Grahamstown,South Africa
| | - I D Paterson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology,Centre for Biological Control,Rhodes University,PO Box 94 Grahamstown,South Africa
| | - M P Hill
- Department of Zoology and Entomology,Centre for Biological Control,Rhodes University,PO Box 94 Grahamstown,South Africa
| | - T L Dudley
- Marine Science Institute,University of California,Santa Barbara,CA 93106-6150,USA
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Using Network Theory to Understand and Predict Biological Invasions. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:831-843. [PMID: 31155422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and predicting biological invasions is challenging because of the complexity of many interacting players. A holistic approach is needed with the potential to simultaneously consider all relevant effects and effectors. Using networks to describe the relevant anthropogenic and ecological factors, from community-level to global scales, promises advances in understanding aspects of invasion from propagule pressure, through establishment, spread, and ecological impact of invaders. These insights could lead to development of new tools for prevention and management of invasions that are based on species' network characteristics and use of networks to predict the ecological effects of invaders. Here, we review the findings from network ecology that show the most promise for invasion biology and identify pressing needs for future research.
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Knight IA, Wilson BE, Gill M, Aviles L, Cronin JT, Nyman JA, Schneider SA, Diaz R. Invasion of Nipponaclerda biwakoensis (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) and Phragmites australis die-back in southern Louisiana, USA. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bhattarai GP, Meyerson LA, Cronin JT. Geographic variation in apparent competition between native and invasive Phragmites australis. Ecology 2017; 98:349-358. [PMID: 27861789 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Apparent competition, the negative interaction between species mediated by shared natural enemies, is thought to play an important role in shaping the structure and dynamics of natural communities. However, its importance in driving species invasions, and whether the strength of this indirect interaction varies across the latitudinal range of the invasion, has not been fully explored. We performed replicated field experiments at four sites spanning 900 km along the Atlantic Coast of the United States to assess the presence and strength of apparent competition between sympatric native and invasive lineages of Phragmites australis. Four herbivore guilds were considered: stem-feeders, leaf-miners, leaf-chewers and aphids. We also tested the hypothesis that the strength of this interaction declines with increasing latitude. Within each site, native and invasive plants of P. australis were cross-transplanted between co-occurring native and invasive patches in the same marsh habitat and herbivore damage was evaluated at the end of the growing season. Apparent competition was evident for both lineages and involved all but the leaf-chewer guild. For native plants, total aphids per plant was 296% higher and the incidence of stem-feeding and leaf-mining herbivores was 34% and 221% higher, respectively, when transplanted into invasive than native patches. These data suggest that invasive P. australis has a negative effect on native P. australis via apparent competition. Averaged among herbivore types, the indirect effects of the invasive lineage on the native lineage was 57% higher than the reverse situation, suggesting that apparent competition was asymmetric. We also found that the strength of apparent competition acting against the native lineage was comparable to the benefits to the invasive lineage from enemy release (i.e., proportionately lower mean herbivory of the invasive relative to the native taxa). Finally, we found the first evidence that the strength of apparent competition acting against the native lineage (from stem-feeders only) decreased with increasing latitude. These results suggest that not only could apparent competition be of tantamount importance to enemy release in enhancing the establishment and spread of invasive taxa, but also that these indirect and direct herbivore effects could vary over the invasion range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh P Bhattarai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Laura A Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resources Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 1 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA
| | - James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
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Bhattarai GP, Meyerson LA, Anderson J, Cummings D, Allen WJ, Cronin JT. Biogeography of a plant invasion: genetic variation and plasticity in latitudinal clines for traits related to herbivory. ECOL MONOGR 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh P. Bhattarai
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - Laura A. Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences University of Rhode Island 1 Greenhouse Road Kingston Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - Jack Anderson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences University of Rhode Island 1 Greenhouse Road Kingston Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - David Cummings
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences University of Rhode Island 1 Greenhouse Road Kingston Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - Warwick J. Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - James T. Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
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Response to Blossey and Casagrande: ecological and evolutionary processes make host specificity at the subspecies level exceedingly unlikely. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cronin JT, Kiviat E, Meyerson LA, Bhattarai GP, Allen WJ. Biological control of invasive Phragmites
australis will be detrimental to native P. australis. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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