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Liang J, Cai Y, Zhu Z, Feng JC, Zhang S, Wan H, Zhang X. Anthropogenic nitrogen pollution impacts saltmarsh resilience with inhibition of seedling establishment and population dispersal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171940. [PMID: 38527539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Saltmarsh, a prominent buffer ecosystem, has been identified as an important sink for nitrogen (N) pollutants from marine- and land-based anthropogenic activities. However, how the enriched anthropogenic N impacts saltmarsh sustainability has been neglected due to limited understanding of marsh resilience based on seedling establishment and population dispersal under anthropogenic N inputs. This study combined mesocosm experiments and model simulations to quantify the effects of increased anthropogenic N on the seedling-based vegetation expansion of Spartina alterniflora. The results indicated that seedling survivals, growth rates, and morphological indicators were inhibited by 20.08 %, 37.14 %, and > 35.56 %, respectively, under 1.5 gN/kg anthropogenic N. The sensitivity rate of vegetation expansion was increased by 70 % with 1 gN/kg increased N concentration under the scenario of low seedling density (< 15 m/yr). These findings revealed an important unidentified weakness of the marsh development process to anthropogenic N inputs. Finally, we highlighted the importance of appropriate protection measures to control nutrient pollution in salt marshes. Our study provides new insights for enhancing the resilience and sustainability of saltmarsh ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yanpeng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhenchang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jing-Chun Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Hang Wan
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Differences in above-ground resource acquisition and niche overlap between a model invader (Phragmites australis) and resident plant species: measuring the role of fitness and niche differences in the field. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Eppinga MB, Baudena M, Haber EA, Rietkerk M, Wassen MJ, Santos MJ. Spatially explicit removal strategies increase the efficiency of invasive plant species control. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02257. [PMID: 33159346 PMCID: PMC8047905 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective management strategies are needed to control expansion of invasive alien plant species and attenuate economic and ecological impacts. While previous theoretical studies have assessed optimal control strategies that balance economic costs and ecological benefits, less attention has been paid to the ways in which the spatial characteristics of individual patches may mediate the effectiveness of management strategies. We developed a spatially explicit cellular automaton model for invasive species spread, and compared the effectiveness of seven control strategies. These control strategies used different criteria to prioritize the removal of invasive species patches from the landscape. The different criteria were related to patch size, patch geometry, and patch position within the landscape. Effectiveness of strategies was assessed for both seed dispersing and clonally expanding plant species. We found that, for seed-dispersing species, removal of small patches and removal of patches that are isolated within the landscape comprised relatively effective control strategies. For clonally expanding species, removal of patches based on their degree of isolation and their geometrical properties comprised relatively effective control strategies. Subsequently, we parameterized the model to mimic the observed spatial distribution of the invasive species Antigonon leptopus on St. Eustatius (northern Caribbean). This species expands clonally and also disperses via seeds, and model simulations showed that removal strategies focusing on smaller patches that are more isolated in the landscape would be most effective and could increase the effectiveness of a 10-yr control strategy by 30-90%, as compared to random removal of patches. Our study emphasizes the potential for invasive plant species management to utilize recent advances in remote sensing, which enable mapping of invasive species at the high spatial resolution needed to quantify patch geometries. The presented results highlight how this spatial information can be used in the design of more effective invasive species control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten B. Eppinga
- Department of GeographyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- URPP Global Change and BiodiversityUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mara Baudena
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth A. Haber
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Max Rietkerk
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Martin J. Wassen
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Maria J. Santos
- Department of GeographyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- URPP Global Change and BiodiversityUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Young SL, Kettenring KM. The social-ecological system driving effective invasive plant management: two case studies of non-native Phragmites. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 267:110612. [PMID: 32349952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the management of invasive plants is motivated by a desire to improve ecosystem services (e.g., recreation, flood mitigation, soil fertility for agriculture, aesthetics) and critical habitat for imperiled species. To reduce invader populations and impacts, it is important to document the social and ecological basis (i.e., the social-ecological system) for the management that has been employed and areas where a greater level of coordination among stakeholder groups (managers, scientists, legislators, resource users) could improve efforts. We present a conceptual model that builds on current thinking for how best to connect these four stakeholder groups-to foster stronger citizen lobbying for impacted resources, science-based governance, legislator-driven noxious weed laws and funding for management and science, knowledge co-production by scientists and managers, and co-management by managers and resource users. In light of our model, we present two case studies based in Nebraska and Utah, U.S.A. involving a common North American wetland invader, Phragmites australis (non-native common reed). In Nebraska, potential lawsuits stemming from water conveyance was strong motivation for funding management. In Utah, duck hunters and other resource users initially instigated management. Progress toward the successful management of Phragmites has been the result of manager-scientist partnerships addressing a knowing-doing gap among practitioners, the complexities of management mosaics, as well as overcoming economic and logistical constraints. Our model demonstrates how legislative initiatives can fund new research and bolster on-going management, while organically building strong partnerships among scientists, managers, and resource users that are key for successfully managing invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Young
- 4820 Old Main Hill, Department of Plants, Soils & Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
| | - Karin M Kettenring
- 5210 Old Main Hill, Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
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Rohal CB, Cranney C, Kettenring KM. Abiotic and Landscape Factors Constrain Restoration Outcomes Across Spatial Scales of a Widespread Invasive Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:481. [PMID: 31110510 PMCID: PMC6499188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The natural recolonization of native plant communities following invasive species management is notoriously challenging to predict, since outcomes can be contingent on a variety of factors including management decisions, abiotic factors, and landscape setting. The spatial scale at which the treatment is applied can also impact management outcomes, potentially influencing plant assembly processes and treatment success. Understanding the relative importance of each of these factors for plant community assembly can help managers prioritize patches where specific treatments are likely to be most successful. Here, using effects size analyses, we evaluate plant community responses following four invasive Phragmites australis management treatments (1: fall glyphosate herbicide spray, 2: summer glyphosate herbicide spray, 3: summer imazapyr herbicide spray, 4: untreated control) applied at two patch scales (12,000 m2 and 1,000 m2) and monitored for 5 years. Using variation partitioning, we then evaluated the independent and shared influence of patch scale, treatment type, abiotic factors, and landscape factors on plant community outcomes following herbicide treatments. We found that Phragmites reinvaded more quickly in large patches, particularly following summer herbicide treatments, while native plant cover and richness increased at a greater magnitude in small patches than large. Patch scale, in combination with abiotic and landscape factors, was the most important driver for most plant responses. Compared with the small plots, large patches commonly had deeper and more prolonged flooding, and were in areas with greater hydrologic disturbance in the landscape, factors associated with reduced native plant recruitment and greater Phragmites cover. Small patches were associated with less flooding and landscape disturbance, and more native plants in the surrounding landscape than large patches, factors which promoted higher native plant conservation values and greater native plant cover and richness. Herbicide type and timing accounted for very little of the variation in native plant recovery, emphasizing the greater importance of patch selection for better management outcomes. To maximize the success of treatment programs, practitioners should first manage Phragmites patches adjacent to native plant species and in areas with minimal hydrologic disturbance.
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Williams J, Lambert AM, Long R, Saltonstall K. Does hybrid Phragmites australis differ from native and introduced lineages in reproductive, genetic, and morphological traits? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:29-41. [PMID: 30633812 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Hybridization between previously isolated species or lineages can stimulate invasiveness because of increased genetic diversity and inherited traits facilitating competitive and reproductive potential. We evaluated differences in stand characteristics and sexual and vegetative reproduction among native, introduced, and hybrid Phragmites australis lineages in the southwestern United States. We also assessed the degree of hybridization among lineages and backcrossing of hybrids with parental lineages. METHODS Growth and morphological characteristics were measured in native, introduced, and hybrid Phragmites stands to evaluate relative cover and dominance in associated plant communities. Panicles were collected from stands to evaluate germination, dormancy, and differences in seed traits. Seedlings from germination trials were genotyped to determine frequency of crossing and backcrossing among lineages. KEY RESULTS Introduced and hybrid Phragmites stands had significantly greater stem and panicle densities than native stands and were more likely to be dominant members of their respective plant communities. Hybrid seed outputs were significantly greater, but hybrid seeds had lower germination rates than those from native and introduced lineages. We detected a novel hybridization event between native and introduced lineages, but found no strong evidence of hybrids backcrossing with parental lineages. CONCLUSIONS Hybrid Phragmites in the Southwest exhibits reproductive, genetic, and morphological characteristics from both parental lineages that facilitate dispersal, establishment, and aggressive growth, including high reproductive output, rhizome viability, and aboveground biomass, with smaller seeds and greater genetic diversity than its progenitors. Our results show hybrids can inherit traits that confer invasiveness and provide insight for managing this species complex and other cryptic species with native and introduced variants with potential for intraspecific hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Williams
- Marine Science Institute and Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-6150, USA
| | - Adam M Lambert
- Marine Science Institute and Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-6150, USA
| | - Randy Long
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Kristin Saltonstall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
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Kettenring KM, Mossman BN, Downard R, Mock KE. Fine-scale genetic diversity and landscape-scale genetic structuring in three foundational bulrush species: implications for wetland revegetation. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin M. Kettenring
- Department of Watershed Sciences; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322 U.S.A
- Ecology Center; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322 U.S.A
| | - Bret N. Mossman
- Department of Wildland Resources; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322 U.S.A
| | - Rebekah Downard
- Department of Watershed Sciences; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322 U.S.A
- Ecology Center; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322 U.S.A
| | - Karen E. Mock
- Ecology Center; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322 U.S.A
- Department of Wildland Resources; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322 U.S.A
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Rohal CB, Kettenring KM, Sims K, Hazelton ELG, Ma Z. Surveying managers to inform a regionally relevant invasive Phragmites australis control research program. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:807-816. [PMID: 29182931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Managers of invasive species consider the peer-reviewed literature only moderately helpful for guiding their management programs. Though this "knowing-doing gap" has been well-described, there have been few efforts to guide scientists in how to develop useful and usable science. Here we demonstrate how a comprehensive survey of managers (representing 42 wetland management units across the Great Salt Lake watershed) can highlight management practices and challenges (here for the widespread invasive plant, Phragmites australis, a recent and aggressive invader in this region) to ultimately inform a research program. The diversity of surveyed organizations had wide-ranging amounts of Phragmites which led to different goals and approaches including more aggressive control targets and a wider array of control tools for smaller, private organizations compared to larger government-run properties. We found that nearly all managers (97%) used herbicide as their primary Phragmites control tool, while burning (65%), livestock grazing (49%), and mowing (43%) were also frequently used. Managers expressed uncertainties regarding the timing of herbicide application and type of herbicide for effective control. Trade-offs between different Phragmites treatments were driven by budgetary concerns, as well as environmental conditions like water levels and social constraints like permitting issues. Managers had specific ideas about the plant communities they desired following Phragmites control, yet revegetation of native species was rarely attempted. The results of this survey informed the development of large-scale, multi-year Phragmites control and native plant revegetation experiments to address management uncertainties regarding herbicide type and timing. The survey also facilitated initial scientist-manager communication, which led to collaborations and knowledge co-production between managers and researchers. An important outcome of the survey was that experimental results were more pertinent to manager needs and trusted by managers. Such an approach that integrates manager surveys to inform management experiments could be adapted to any developing research program seeking to be relevant to management audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Rohal
- Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, United States.
| | - K M Kettenring
- Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, United States
| | - K Sims
- Department of Economics, University of Tennessee, United States
| | - E L G Hazelton
- Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, United States
| | - Z Ma
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, United States
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Eller F, Skálová H, Caplan JS, Bhattarai GP, Burger MK, Cronin JT, Guo WY, Guo X, Hazelton ELG, Kettenring KM, Lambertini C, McCormick MK, Meyerson LA, Mozdzer TJ, Pyšek P, Sorrell BK, Whigham DF, Brix H. Cosmopolitan Species As Models for Ecophysiological Responses to Global Change: The Common Reed Phragmites australis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1833. [PMID: 29250081 PMCID: PMC5715336 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phragmites australis is a cosmopolitan grass and often the dominant species in the ecosystems it inhabits. Due to high intraspecific diversity and phenotypic plasticity, P. australis has an extensive ecological amplitude and a great capacity to acclimate to adverse environmental conditions; it can therefore offer valuable insights into plant responses to global change. Here we review the ecology and ecophysiology of prominent P. australis lineages and their responses to multiple forms of global change. Key findings of our review are that: (1) P. australis lineages are well-adapted to regions of their phylogeographic origin and therefore respond differently to changes in climatic conditions such as temperature or atmospheric CO2; (2) each lineage consists of populations that may occur in geographically different habitats and contain multiple genotypes; (3) the phenotypic plasticity of functional and fitness-related traits of a genotype determine the responses to global change factors; (4) genotypes with high plasticity to environmental drivers may acclimate or even vastly expand their ranges, genotypes of medium plasticity must acclimate or experience range-shifts, and those with low plasticity may face local extinction; (5) responses to ancillary types of global change, like shifting levels of soil salinity, flooding, and drought, are not consistent within lineages and depend on adaptation of individual genotypes. These patterns suggest that the diverse lineages of P. australis will undergo intense selective pressure in the face of global change such that the distributions and interactions of co-occurring lineages, as well as those of genotypes within-lineages, are very likely to be altered. We propose that the strong latitudinal clines within and between P. australis lineages can be a useful tool for predicting plant responses to climate change in general and present a conceptual framework for using P. australis lineages to predict plant responses to global change and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Eller
- Aquatic Biology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hana Skálová
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia
| | - Joshua S. Caplan
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Temple University, Ambler, PA, United States
| | - Ganesh P. Bhattarai
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Melissa K. Burger
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - James T. Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Wen-Yong Guo
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Eric L. G. Hazelton
- Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Karin M. Kettenring
- Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Carla Lambertini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Laura A. Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Thomas J. Mozdzer
- Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, United States
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Brian K. Sorrell
- Aquatic Biology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dennis F. Whigham
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, United States
| | - Hans Brix
- Aquatic Biology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Management of invasive Phragmites australis in the Adirondacks: a cautionary tale about prospects of eradication. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Don’t leave me behind: viability of vegetative propagules of the clonal invasive Carpobrotus edulis and implications for plant management. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Duncan JP, Rozum RN, Powell JA, Kettenring KM. Multi-scale methods predict invasion speeds in variable landscapes. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-017-0329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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