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Elsey-Quirk T, Lynn A, Jacobs MD, Diaz R, Cronin JT, Wang L, Huang H, Justic D. Vegetation dieback in the Mississippi River Delta triggered by acute drought and chronic relative sea-level rise. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3518. [PMID: 38664477 PMCID: PMC11045820 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vegetation dieback and recovery may be dependent on the interplay between infrequent acute disturbances and underlying chronic stresses. Coastal wetlands are vulnerable to the chronic stress of sea-level rise, which may affect their susceptibility to acute disturbance events. Here, we show that a large-scale vegetation dieback in the Mississippi River Delta was precipitated by salt-water incursion during an extreme drought in the summer of 2012 and was most severe in areas exposed to greater flooding. Using 16 years of data (2007-2022) from a coastwide network of monitoring stations, we show that the impacts of the dieback lasted five years and that recovery was only partial in areas exposed to greater inundation. Dieback marshes experienced an increase in percent time flooded from 43% in 2007 to 75% in 2022 and a decline in vegetation cover and species richness over the same period. Thus, while drought-induced high salinities and soil saturation triggered a significant dieback event, the chronic increase in inundation is causing a longer-term decline in cover, more widespread losses, and reduced capacity to recover from acute stressors. Overall, our findings point to the importance of mitigating the underlying stresses to foster resilience to both acute and persistent causes of vegetation loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Elsey-Quirk
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Austin Lynn
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Michael Derek Jacobs
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Diaz
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Haosheng Huang
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Dubravko Justic
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Lee H, Diaz R, Cronin JT. Dieback and dredge soils of Phragmites australis in the Mississippi River Delta negatively impact plant biomass. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1935. [PMID: 38253645 PMCID: PMC10803353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Phragmites australis is exhibiting extensive dieback in the Lower Mississippi River Delta (MRD). We explored the potential for restoration of these marshes by (1) characterizing the chemical profiles of soils collected from healthy and dieback stands of P. australis and from sites recently created from dredge-disposal soils that were expected to be colonized by P. australis and (2) experimentally testing the effects of these soil types on the growth of three common P. australis lineages, Delta, Gulf and European. Soil chemical properties included Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Zn, % organic matter, % carbon, % nitrogen, and pH. Dieback soils were characterized by higher % organic matter, % carbon, % nitrogen, and higher S and Fe concentrations, whereas healthy soils had higher Cu, Al, P and Zn. In comparison, dredge sites were low in nutrients and organic matter compared to healthy soils. Rhizomes of each P. australis lineage were planted in each soil type in a common garden and greenhouse and allowed to grow for five months. Aboveground biomass was 16% lower in dieback and 44% lower in dredge soils than in healthy soils. However, we could detect no significant differences in response to soil types among lineages. Although dredge and dieback sites are not optimal for P. australis growth, plants can thrive on these soils, and we recommend restorative measures be initiated as soon as possible to minimize soil erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herie Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Rodrigo Diaz
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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Hidri R, Metoui-Ben Mahmoud O, Zorrig W, Azcon R, Abdelly C, Debez A. The halotolerant rizhobacterium Glutamicibacter sp. alleviates salt impact on Phragmites australis by producing exopolysaccharides and limiting plant sodium uptake. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e535. [PMID: 37901595 PMCID: PMC10600829 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a widespread abiotic stress, which has strong adverse effects on plant growth and crop productivity. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) play a crucial role in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)-mediated improvement of plant stress tolerance. This study aimed to assess whether Glutamicibacter sp. strain producing large amounts of EPS may promote tolerance of common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., towards salt stress. This halotolerant rizhobacterium showed tolerance to salinity (up to 1 M NaCl) when cultivated on Luria-Bertani (LB) medium. Exposure to high salinity (300 mM NaCl) significantly impacted the plant growth parameters, but this adverse effect was mitigated following inoculation with Glutamicibacter sp., which triggered higher number of leaves and tillers, shoot fresh weight/dry weight, and root fresh weight as compared to non-inoculated plants. Salt stress increased the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), polyphenols, total soluble sugars (TSSs), and free proline in shoots. In comparison, the inoculation with Glutamicibacter sp. further increased shoot polyphenol content, while decreasing MDA and free proline contents. Besides, this bacterial strain increased tissue Ca+ and K+ content concomitant to lower shoot Na+ and root Cl- accumulation, thus further highlighting the beneficial effect of Glutamicibacter sp. strain on the plant behavior under salinity. As a whole, our study provides strong arguments for a potential utilization of EPS-producing bacteria as a useful microbial inoculant to alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabaa Hidri
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria (CBBC) Hammam-Lif Tunisia
| | | | - Walid Zorrig
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria (CBBC) Hammam-Lif Tunisia
| | - Rozario Azcon
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Granada Spain
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria (CBBC) Hammam-Lif Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Debez
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria (CBBC) Hammam-Lif Tunisia
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Salgado AL, Glassmire AE, Sedio BE, Diaz R, Stout MJ, Čuda J, Pyšek P, Meyerson LA, Cronin JT. Metabolomic Evenness Underlies Intraspecific Differences Among Lineages of a Wetland Grass. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:437-450. [PMID: 37099216 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The metabolome represents an important functional trait likely important to plant invasion success, but we have a limited understanding of whether the entire metabolome or targeted groups of compounds confer an advantage to invasive as compared to native taxa. We conducted a lipidomic and metabolomic analysis of the cosmopolitan wetland grass Phragmites australis. We classified features into metabolic pathways, subclasses, and classes. Subsequently, we used Random Forests to identify informative features to differentiate five phylogeographic and ecologically distinct lineages: European native, North American invasive, North American native, Gulf, and Delta. We found that lineages had unique phytochemical fingerprints, although there was overlap between the North American invasive and North American native lineages. Furthermore, we found that divergence in phytochemical diversity was driven by compound evenness rather than metabolite richness. Interestingly, the North American invasive lineage had greater chemical evenness than the Delta and Gulf lineages but lower evenness than the North American native lineage. Our results suggest that metabolomic evenness may represent a critical functional trait within a plant species. Its role in invasion success, resistance to herbivory, and large-scale die-off events common to this and other plant species remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Salgado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Andrea E Glassmire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Brian E Sedio
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Apartado, 0843-03092, Republic of Panama
| | - Rodrigo Diaz
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Michael J Stout
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Jan Čuda
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, CZ -128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Laura A Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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Lindsay DL, Guan X, Harms NE, Cronin JT, Meyerson LA, Lance RF. DNA assays for genetic discrimination of three Phragmites australis subspecies in the United States. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2023; 11:e11512. [PMID: 37051584 PMCID: PMC10083467 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE To genetically discriminate subspecies of the common reed (Phragmites australis), we developed real-time quantitative (qPCR) assays for identifying P. australis subsp. americanus, P. australis subsp. australis, and P. australis subsp. berlandieri. METHODS AND RESULTS Utilizing study-generated chloroplast DNA sequences, we developed three novel qPCR assays. Assays were verified on individuals of each subspecies and against two non-target species, Arundo donax and Phalaris arundinacea. One assay amplifies only P. australis subsp. americanus, one amplifies P. australis subsp. australis and/or P. australis subsp. berlandieri, and one amplifies P. australis subsp. americanus and/or P. australis subsp. australis. This protocol enhances currently available rapid identification methods by providing genetic discrimination of all three subspecies. CONCLUSIONS The newly developed assays were validated using P. australis samples from across the United States. Application of these assays outside of this geographic range should be preceded by additional testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L. Lindsay
- United States Army Engineer Research and Development Center Environmental LaboratoryVicksburgMississippi39180USA
| | - Xin Guan
- Bennett AerospaceVicksburgMississippi39180USA
- Present address:
ModernaTX, Moderna Technology CenterNorwoodMarylandUSA
| | - Nathan E. Harms
- United States Army Engineer Research and Development Center Environmental LaboratoryVicksburgMississippi39180USA
| | | | | | - Richard F. Lance
- United States Army Engineer Research and Development Center Environmental LaboratoryVicksburgMississippi39180USA
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Schneider SA, Broadley HJ, Andersen JC, Elkinton JS, Hwang SY, Liu C, Noriyuki S, Park JS, Dao HT, Lewis ML, Gould JR, Hoelmer KA, Diaz R. An invasive population of Roseau Cane Scale in the Mississippi River Delta, USA originated from northeastern China. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Noyes JS, Higashiura Y. The species of Astymachus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), potentially important parasitoids of Aclerdidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with grasses (Poaceae), with descriptions of three new species. J NAT HIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1747654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John S. Noyes
- Scientific Associate, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Yoshimitsu Higashiura
- Agricultural Technology Department, Yamaguchi Prefectural Agriculture & Forestry General Technology Center, Yamaguchi City, Japan
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When misconceptions impede best practices: evidence supports biological control of invasive Phragmites. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDevelopment of a biological control program for invasive Phagmites australis australis in North America required 20 years of careful research, and consideration of management alternatives. A recent paper by Kiviat et al. (Biol Invasions 21:2529–2541, 2019. 10.1007/s10530-019-02014-9) articulates opposition to this biocontrol program and questions the ethics and thoroughness of the researchers. Here we address inaccuracies and misleading statements presented in Kiviat et al. (2019), followed by a brief overview of why biological control targeting Phragmites in North America can be implemented safely with little risk to native species. Similar to our colleagues, we are very concerned about the risks invasive Phragmites represent to North American habitats. But to protect those habitats and the species, including P. australis americanus, we come to a different decision regarding biological control. Current management techniques have not been able to reverse the invasiveness of P. australis australis, threats to native rare and endangered species continue, and large-scale herbicide campaigns are not only costly, but also represent threats to non-target species. We see implementation of biocontrol as the best hope for managing one of the most problematic invasive plants in North America. After extensive review, our petition to release two host specific stem miners was approved by The Technical Advisory Group for the Release of Biological Control Agents in the US and Canadian federal authorities.
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Zhang YZ, Xiong M, Zhou QS, Jiang GC, Zhu CD. The mitochondrial genome of Platencyrtus parkeri Feriere (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 4:3479-3481. [PMID: 33366048 PMCID: PMC7707260 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1674729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome of the Platencyrtus parkeri Feriere (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was obtained via next-generation sequencing. The assembled mitogenome is 13,393 bp in length, which contains 33 classical eukaryotic mitochondrial genes with three tRNA genes and rrnS gene missing. All the 13 PCGs begin with typical ATN codons. The 19 detected tRNAs range from 58 to 70 bp in length with typical cloverleaf structure except for trnS1, whose dihydrouridine (DHU) arm forms a simple loop. Meanwhile, they have six tRNAs inserted between nad2 and nad3 compared with Encyrtus infelix. Phylogenetic analysis highly supported the monophyly of Pteromalidae. Eupelmidae and Encyrtidae have a close relationship. Within Encyrtidae, Platencyrtus parkeri Feriere and Encyrtus infelix are close to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhou Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Molecule, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Song Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gong-Cheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Molecule, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Dong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Molecule, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
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Schneider SA. A key to the flat grass scale genus Nipponaclerda (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Aclerdidae). Zookeys 2019; 862:81-87. [PMID: 31496882 PMCID: PMC6635403 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.862.35294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The flat grass scale genus Nipponaclerda comprises four species, native to Central and East Asia. Nipponaclerdabiwakoensis has been introduced to the United States and is considered a serious pest of Phragmitesaustralis, the common reed. Heavy infestations of N.biwakoensis in coastal marshes of Louisiana have coincided with extensive die-off of reeds. In this article, dichotomous identification keys to the genera of Aclerdidae and to the species of Nipponaclerda are provided, allowing for accurate identification of species found in the native and invasive range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Schneider
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Building 005 - Room 004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA USDA, Agricultural Research Service Beltsville United States of America
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Evidence does not support the targeting of cryptic invaders at the subspecies level using classical biological control: the example of Phragmites. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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