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Samaai T, Turner TL, Kara J, Yemane D, Ngwakum BB, Payne RP, Kerwath S. Confirmation of the southern African distribution of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814) in the context of its global dispersal. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14388. [PMID: 36452081 PMCID: PMC9703993 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intertidal rocky shore surveys along the South African coastline (∼3,000 km) have demonstrated the presence and abundance of the encrusting orange sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814), a well-known globally distributed species. After analysing the southern African populations, we gained a better understanding of the genetic structure of this now-accepted global species. Apart from confirming the presence of a single population of H. perlevis, we also determined its distribution in the southern African intertidal rocky shore ecosystem, compared its genetic diversity to congeners, predict its global distribution via environmental niche modelling, and discussed possible underlying mechanisms controlling the species' global distribution. Methods We surveyed the South African coastline and sampled sponges at 53 rocky shore sites spanning over 3,000 km, from Grosse Bucht south of Lüderitz (Namibia) to Kosi Bay on the east coast of South Africa. DNA sequences of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) and the COI mitochondrial gene were obtained from 61 samples and compared them to a world-wide sample of other H. perlevis sequences. Using environmental predictor variables from the global dataset BIO-ORACLE, we predicted the probability of global occurrence of the species using an ensemble of eight distribution models. Results South African specimens were found to be 99-100% identical to other populations of H. perlevis (=H. sinapium) from other world-wide regions. The presence of a single population of H. perlevis in southern Africa is supported by genetic data, extending its distribution to a relatively wide geographical range spanning more than 4,000 km along the temperate southern African coast. The predicted global occurrence by ensemble model matched well with the observed distribution. Surface temperature mean and range were the most important predictor variables. Conclusion While H. perlevis appears to have been introduced in many parts of the world, its origins in Europe and southern Africa are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toufiek Samaai
- Biology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa,Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa,Department of Research and Exhibitions, Iziko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa,Oceans & Coasts Research, Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Environment, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Thomas L. Turner
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jyothi Kara
- Department of Research and Exhibitions, Iziko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Dawit Yemane
- Fisheries Research and Development, Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Environment, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Benedicta Biligwe Ngwakum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Robyn P. Payne
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Sven Kerwath
- Fisheries Research and Development, Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Environment, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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De-la-Torre GE, Dioses-Salinas DC, Pérez-Baca BL, Millones Cumpa LA, Pizarro-Ortega CI, Torres FG, Gonzales KN, Santillán L. Marine macroinvertebrates inhabiting plastic litter in Peru. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112296. [PMID: 33799144 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Marine litter, such as plastic bags, bottles, fabrics, or fishing gear, serve as a shelter for many marine organisms that are likely to colonize artificial substrata. Such assemblages can potentially turn marine litter into vectors of alien invasive species (AIS). Here, we report the abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates inhabiting marine litter in Peruvian beaches. Results indicate that most of the fouled items found came from land-based sources (81.5%) and Bivalvia was the most abundant class (53.5%), mainly composed of the mussel Semimytilus algosus. No significant differences were found in the abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates (class level) among sampling sites or sources of litter. Polypropylene and low-density polyethylene items were most frequently found with fouled biota. Although none of the identified species were non-native to the coast of Peru, we discuss marine litter as a potential source of AIS in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando G Torres
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru
| | - Karen N Gonzales
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru
| | - Luis Santillán
- Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru; Peruvian Centre for Cetacean Research (CEPEC), Museo de los Delfines, Lima 20, Peru
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Ma KCK, Zardi GI, McQuaid CD, Nicastro KR. Historical and contemporary range expansion of an invasive mussel, Semimytlius algosus, in Angola and Namibia despite data scarcity in an infrequently surveyed region. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239167. [PMID: 32915915 PMCID: PMC7485899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the spread of invasive species in many regions is difficult because surveys are rare. Here, historical records of the invasive marine mussel, Semimytilus algosus, on the shores of Angola and Namibia are synthesised to re-construct its invasive history. Since this mussel was first discovered in Namibia about 90 years ago, it has spread throughout the western coast of southern Africa. By the late 1960s, the species was well established across a range of 1005 km of coastline in southern Angola and northern Namibia. Although only coarse spatial resolution data are available since the 1990s, the distribution of S. algosus clearly increased substantially over the subsequent decades. Today, the species is distributed over 2785 km of coastline, appearing in southern Namibia in 2014, whence it spread across the border to northern South Africa in 2017, and in northern Angola in 2015. Conspicuously, its current range appears to be relatively contiguous across at least 810 km of shore in southern Angola and throughout Namibia, with isolated, spatially disjunct occurrences towards the southern and northern limits of its distribution. Despite there being few occurrence records that are unevenly distributed spatially and temporally, data for the distributional patterns of S. algosus in Angola and Namibia provide invaluable insights into how marine invasive species spread in developing regions that are infrequently monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. K. Ma
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Gerardo I. Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Christopher D. McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Katy R. Nicastro
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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