1
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Wang H, Wang A, Wang X, Zeng X, Xing H. AMPK/PPAR-γ/NF-κB axis participates in ROS-mediated apoptosis and autophagy caused by cadmium in pig liver. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118659. [PMID: 34896222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Cadmium (Cd) on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, hepatocyte apoptosis and autophagy of weaned piglets. A total of 12 healthy weaned piglets were randomly assigned to the control and the Cd group, which were fed with a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with 15 ± 0.242 mg/kg CdCl2 for 30 d, respectively. Our results demonstrated that Cd significantly decreased final body weight, average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and increased feed-to-gain (F/G) ratio (P < 0.05). For blood biochemical parameters, Cd treatment significantly decreased the red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), total protein, albumin, copper content and iron content (P < 0.05). In addition, liver injury was observed in the Cd-exposed group. Our results also demonstrated that Cd exposure contributed to the production of ROS, activated the AMPK/PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway (increasing the expressions of P-AMPK/AMPK, NF-κB, I-κB-β, COX-2, and iNOS, decreasing the expressions of PPAR-γ and I-κB-α), finally induced autophagy (increasing the expressions of Beclin-1, the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and p62), and apoptosis (increasing the expressions of Bax, Bak, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, decreasing the expression of Bcl-2). Overall, these findings revealed the vital role of AMPK/PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway in Cd-induced liver apoptosis and autophagy, which provided deeper insights into a better understanding of Cd-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqiao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyin Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Houjuan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Togno-Peirce C, Limón-Morales O, Montes-López S, Rojas-Castañeda J, Márquez-Aguiluz D, Bonilla-Jaime H, Arteaga-Silva M. Pleiotropic Effects of Cadmium Toxicity on the Neuroendocrine-Immune Network. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/nib-180138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Togno-Peirce
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, DCBS, The Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Limón-Morales
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, DCBS, The Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Montes-López
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Dr. Manuel Velasco Suarez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Darla Márquez-Aguiluz
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, DCBS, The Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, DCBS, The Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Arteaga-Silva
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, DCBS, The Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Olszowski T, Gutowska I, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Łukomska A, Drozd A, Chlubek D. Cadmium Alters the Concentration of Fatty Acids in THP-1 Macrophages. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:29-36. [PMID: 28600650 PMCID: PMC5808062 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid composition of human immune cells influences their function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of known toxicant and immunomodulator, cadmium, at low concentrations on levels of selected fatty acids (FAs) in THP-1 macrophages. The differentiation of THP-1 monocytes into macrophages was achieved by administration of phorbol myristate acetate. Macrophages were incubated with various cadmium chloride (CdCl2) solutions for 48 h at final concentrations of 5 nM, 20 nM, 200 nM, and 2 μM CdCl2. Fatty acids were extracted from samples according to the Folch method. The fatty acid levels were determined using gas chromatography. The following fatty acids were analyzed: long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFAs) palmitic acid and stearic acid, very long-chain saturated fatty acid (VLSFA) arachidic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and vaccenic acid, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. Treatment of macrophages with very low concentrations of cadmium (5-200 nM) resulted in significant reduction in the levels of arachidic, palmitoleic, oleic, vaccenic, and linoleic acids and significant increase in arachidonic acid levels (following exposure to 5 nM Cd), without significant reduction of palmitic and stearic acid levels. Treatment of macrophages with the highest tested cadmium concentration (2 μM) produced significant reduction in the levels of all examined FAs: SFAs, VLSFA, MUFAs, and PUFAs. In conclusion, cadmium at tested concentrations caused significant alterations in THP-1 macrophage fatty acid levels, disrupting their composition, which might dysregulate fatty acid/lipid metabolism thus affecting macrophage behavior and inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Olszowski
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Łukomska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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4
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Lafuente A. The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis is target of cadmium toxicity. An update of recent studies and potential therapeutic approaches. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:395-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Jiménez-Ortega V, Cano Barquilla P, Fernández-Mateos P, Cardinali DP, Esquifino AI. Cadmium as an endocrine disruptor: correlation with anterior pituitary redox and circadian clock mechanisms and prevention by melatonin. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2287-97. [PMID: 23085516 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effect of a low dose of cadmium (Cd) as an endocrine disruptor, male Wistar rats received CdCl2 (5ppm Cd) in drinking water or drinking water alone. After 1 month, the rats were euthanized at one of six time intervals around the clock and the 24-h pattern of adenohypophysial prolactin (PRL) synthesis and release, lipid peroxidation, and redox enzyme and metallothionein (MT) gene expression was examined. Cd suppressed 24-h rhythmicity in expression of the PRL gene and in circulating PRL by increasing them at early photophase only, in correlation with an augmented pituitary lipid peroxidation and redox enzyme expression. CdCl2 treatment effectively disrupted the 24-h variation in expression of every pituitary parameter tested except for MT-3. In a second experiment the effect of melatonin (3μg/ml in drinking water) was assessed at early photophase, the time of maximal endocrine-disrupting effect of Cd. Melatonin treatment blunted the effect of Cd on PRL synthesis and release, decreased Cd-induced lipid peroxidation, and counteracted the effect of Cd on expression of most redox enzymes. A third experiment was performed to examine whether melatonin could counteract Cd-induced changes in the 24-h pattern of pituitary circadian clock gene expression and plasma PRL, luteinizing hormone (LH), thyrotropin (TSH), and corticosterone levels. Rats receiving CdCl2 exhibited a suppressed daily rhythm of Clock expression and a significant disruption in daily rhythms of pituitary Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2. The coadministration of melatonin restored rhythmicity in Clock and Bmal1 expression but shifted the maxima in pituitary Per1, Cry1, and Cry2 expression to the scotophase. Melatonin also counteracted the effect of Cd on 24-h rhythmicity of circulating PRL, LH, TSH, and corticosterone. The results highlight the occurrence of a significant endocrine disruptor effect of a low dose of Cd. Generally melatonin counteracted the effects of Cd and ameliorated partially the circadian disruption caused by the pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pilar Fernández-Mateos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III; Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Daniel P Cardinali
- Department of Teaching & Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, 1107 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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6
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Bekheet SHM. Comparative effects of repeated administration of cadmium chloride during pregnancy and lactation and selenium protection against cadmium toxicity on some organs in immature rats' offsprings. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:1008-23. [PMID: 21614561 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This research comprises studies on the transfer of cadmium (CdCl(2)) from the lactating dam to the pup via milk and absorbed in the suckling, showing that cadmium is transferred to the testes, ovary, cerebellum, and thyroid gland during development. The present studies were carried out in order to assess the protective effects of selenium against cadmium toxicity in pregnant rats. On the sixth day of gestation, the females were dosed subcutaneously either with cadmium or with cadmium and selenium in the following doses (mg/kg of body weight): 0, 1 Cd, 1 Cd + 1 Se, 2 Cd, 2 Cd + 2 Se. In groups treated with cadmium, no maternal or embryonic toxicities were observed; however, an increase in testes diameters of seminiferous tubules, a progressive sloughing of germ cells, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells hyperplasia were noted. The reduction in the ovary size and inhibited folliculogenesis resulted in diminution of the numbers of primordial, growing, and tertiary follicles. The pathological change in the cerebellum, the migration of granular cells from the external germinal layer to the internal granular layer, was strongly retarded. Also, the formation of many microfollicles in the thyroid gland which mimic the changes was seen in thyrotoxicosis. It also appears that selenium used at a low-enough dose could be a very effective protection against cadmium-induced developmental toxicity in the testes, ovary, cerebellum, and thyroid gland but not in the higher dose in the ovary and cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad H M Bekheet
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan, Egypt.
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7
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Prabu SM, Shagirtha K, Renugadevi J. Amelioration of Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress, Impairment in Lipids and Plasma Lipoproteins by the Combined Treatment with Quercetin and α-Tocopherol in Rats. J Food Sci 2010; 75:T132-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Caride A, Fernández-Pérez B, Cabaleiro T, Tarasco M, Esquifino AI, Lafuente A. Cadmium chronotoxicity at pituitary level: effects on plasma ACTH, GH, and TSH daily pattern. J Physiol Biochem 2010; 66:213-20. [PMID: 20652474 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-010-0027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is an endocrine disruptor that has been shown to induce chronotoxic effects. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible cadmium effects on the daily secretory pattern of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. For this purpose, animals were treated with cadmium at two different doses [25 and 50 mg/l cadmium chloride (CdCl(2))] in the drinking water for 30 days. Control age-matched rats received cadmium-free water. After the treatment, rats were killed at six different time intervals throughout a 24-h cycle. Cadmium exposure modified the 24-h pattern of plasma ACTH and GH levels, as the peak of ACTH content between 12:00 and 16:00 h in controls appeared at 12:00 h in the group treated with the lowest dose used, while it appeared between 16:00 and 20:00 h in rats exposed to 50 mg/l CdCl(2). In addition, the peak of GH content found at 04:00 h in controls moved to 16:00 h in rats exposed to 25 mg/l CdCl(2), and the highest dose used abolished 24-h changes of GH secretion. The metal treatment did not modify ACTH secretory pattern. Exposure to cadmium also increased ACTH and TSH medium levels around the clock with both doses used. These results suggest that cadmium modifies ACTH and TSH medium levels around the clock, as well as disrupted ACTH and GH secretory pattern, thus confirming the metal chronotoxicity at pituitary level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caride
- Laboratorio de Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Vigo, Campus de Orense, Las Lagunas, Orense, Spain.
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9
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Messaoudi I, Hammouda F, El Heni J, Baati T, Saïd K, Kerkeni A. Reversal of cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes by selenium, zinc or their combination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:281-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Cadmium exposure modifies lactotrophs activity associated to genomic and morphological changes in rat pituitary anterior lobe. Biometals 2009; 23:135-43. [PMID: 19894126 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-009-9274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is widely used in industrial applications and is an important contaminant of agricultural products. As an endocrine disruptor, Cd modifies the hormone release of pituitary anterior lobe (PAL). This work was undertaken to evaluate a possible association between phospholipase D (PLD) and prolactin mRNA expressions and the activity of lactotrophs and folliculostellate cells (FSC) in PAL of Cd exposed adult male Wistar rats (Cd, 0.133 mM per liter for 2 months). The PALs were submitted to immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis to determine the percentage of lactotrophs (PRL-ir) and FSC (S-100-ir). Cultured PAL cells were stained with Hoechst 33258 to determine the presence of alterations in nuclear morphology consistent with apoptosis. The expressions of PLD and prolactin mRNA were assessed by RT-PCR. Cd treated rats showed a decrease of PLD mRNA levels that can be associated to both high number of apoptotic cells and increase of S-100 protein expression in FSC. Cd decreased prolactin mRNA expression, number of lactotrophs and percentage of PRL-ir suggesting a low availability of prolactin to be secreted from PAL. Cd modifies the lactotrophs activity of pituitary gland through biochemical, genomic and morphological changes and contributes directly or indirectly to the levels of serum prolactin.
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11
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Zhou J, He WY, Wang WN, Yang CW, Wang L, Xin Y, Wu J, Cai DX, Liu Y, Wang AL. Molecular cloning and characterization of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transmembrane transporter from the white shrimp Litopenaeusvannamei. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 150:450-8. [PMID: 19595789 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transmembrane transporters (ABC transporters) have a potential role in drug and xenobiotic resistance. Here, we report for the first time the cloning of an ABC transporter from white shrimp Litopenaeusvannamei (designated LvABCG), along with a study of its phylogenetic relationships, and measurements of its expression in different shrimp tissues exposed to cadmium and pH stress (acidic and alkaline conditions). Sequence analysis showed that LvABCG shares many similarities with the white/ABC transmembrane transporter, including two conserved regions: a highly conserved ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and transmembrane domain (TMD). Spatial analyses of transcript levels for ABCG in shrimp tissues, using reverse transcript PCR, revealed the highest transcript level in the hepatopancreas, less in the intestine and stomach, and none in the other tissues examined. The ABC transporter mRNA transcript in the hepatopancreas of L.vannamei was significantly up-regulated after 1.5 h and 24 h of exposure to alkaline and acidic conditions, respectively. LvABCG was also induced in intestine, but was downregulated in the stomach under the alkaline treatment. Upon exposure to cadmium (4.25 micromol L(-1) and 8.5 micromol L(-1)) for 48 h, the mRNA expression of LvABCG was up-regulated 4.79-fold (at 6 h) and 2.09-fold (at 12 h) in the hepatopancreas. LvABCG was also induced in the stomach after exposure to 4.25 micromol L(-1) cadmium, but downregulated in the stomach and intestine after exposure to 8.5 micromol L(-1) cadmium. These findings indicate that LvABCG might play an important role in the physiological changes related to metabolism and cell detoxification that occur when Pacific white shrimp are exposed to cadmium and pH stress.
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MESH Headings
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/chemistry
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cadmium/toxicity
- Cloning, Molecular
- Conserved Sequence
- DNA, Complementary/biosynthesis
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gastric Mucosa/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hepatopancreas/metabolism
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Penaeidae/genetics
- Penaeidae/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Stress, Physiological
- Time Factors
- Tissue Distribution
- Toxicity Tests, Acute
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
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12
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Daily pattern of pituitary glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate content disrupted by cadmium exposure. Amino Acids 2009; 38:1165-72. [PMID: 19636671 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a neurotoxic heavy metal and is considered endocrine disruptor. In this work, we investigate the effects of cadmium on the 24 h changes of aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine content in the pituitary. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 25 or 50 mg/l of cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) in the drinking water for 30 days. Metal exposure with the lowest dose induced the disappearance of the nocturnal peak of anterior pituitary amino acid content, and the appearance of a peak of glutamine concentration during the resting phase of the photoperiod. After exposure to 50 mg/l of CdCl(2), the peaks of anterior pituitary amino acid content at 12:00 and 00:00 h disappeared, and two minimal values at these same hours and a peak at 08:00 h appeared. In the posterior pituitary, cadmium treatment with the lowest dose induced the appearance of a peak of aspartate and glutamate concentration at 12:00 h, and the disappearance of the peak of glutamine content at 16:00 h. After exposure to 50 mg/l of CdCl(2) aspartate and glutamate daily pattern presented two maximal values between 00:00 and 04:00 h, and the metal abolished glutamine daily pattern. These results suggest that cadmium disrupted aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine daily pattern in the pituitary.
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13
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Larregle EV, Varas SM, Oliveros LB, Martinez LD, Antón R, Marchevsky E, Giménez MS. Lipid metabolism in liver of rat exposed to cadmium. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:1786-92. [PMID: 18329778 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of exposition to cadmium (Cd, 15ppm for 8 weeks) through drinking water on liver lipid metabolism in adult male Wistar rats. As compared to metal non-exposed (control) rats, the serum triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL+VLDL cholesterol concentrations increased. This was associated to a decrease of lipoprotein lipase activity in post heparinic plasma. The VLDL secretion from liver was not modified. Cd treatment increased triglycerides and decreased esterified cholesterol contents in liver. The high triglyceride mass was related to the increased glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase mRNA expression. In addition, the liver fatty acids synthesis increased, as determined by an increment of fatty acid synthetase and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities, and [(14)C]-acetate incorporation into saponifiable lipid fraction. The relative percentage of palmitic acid (16:0) and total saturated fatty acids were increased compared with control. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase and cholesteryl ester hydrolase activities were unchanged. In liver, the Cd treatment decreased triglyceride and cholesterol in mitochondria, also increased triglyceride in cytosol, and cholesterol and phospholipid contents in nuclei, compared with control. In addition, an increase of nuclei phosphatidylcholine synthesis was observed. Cd exposure alters directly or indirectly the serum lipid content and liver lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel V Larregle
- Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, IMBIO-SL, CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
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14
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Newairy A, El-Sharaky A, Badreldeen M, Eweda S, Sheweita S. The hepatoprotective effects of selenium against cadmium toxicity in rats. Toxicology 2007; 242:23-30. [PMID: 17949884 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Murugavel P, Pari L. Diallyl tetrasulfide protects cadmium-induced alterations in lipids and plasma lipoproteins in rats. Nutr Res 2007; 27:356-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Revised: 03/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Alvarez SM, Gómez NN, Scardapane L, Fornés MW, Giménez MS. Effects of chronic exposure to cadmium on prostate lipids and morphology. Biometals 2006; 20:727-41. [PMID: 17066326 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-006-9036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental toxic metal implicated in human prostate carcinogenesis. The mechanism of its toxicity is not fully understood. Previously, we showed that cadmium exposure induces oxidative stress, especially lipid peroxidation. This study evaluates the effect of chronic exposure to 0.886 mM of cadmium (Cd) per liter in the drinking water on prostate lipid content and metabolism in Wistar rats. We determined the lipid profile and measured the expression of lipogenic enzymes: FAS, GPAT, LPL, DGAT-1, DGAT-2, ACO, CPT-1 and CT, and of certain factors involved in lipid regulation and fatty acid transporters: FAT/CD36, E-FABP, SREBP-2, PPAR-gamma and PPAR-alpha by RT-PCR. Ultrastructure was analyzed by electron microscopy and, as prostate is an androgen controlled gland, AR expression was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. Cd altered the prostatic lipid profile. Triglycerides (TG) and esterified cholesterol (EC) decreased, free cholesterol (FC) and phospholipids (PL) increased and total cholesterol (TC) did not change. FAS, MDH and IDH activities did not vary but G6PDH decreased significantly in Cd group. Regarding TG synthesis, DGAT-1 decreased while GPAT increased and FAS, LPL and DGAT-2 remained unchanged. Regarding beta oxidation, CPT-1 increased while ACO expression decreased in Cd group. In the PL pathway, CT expression was increased. All these results would justify the decrease of TG in Cd group when compared to control. In the cholesterol metabolic pathway, HMGCoAR and SREBP-2 increased. PPAR-alpha increased but PPAR-gamma did not change. Regarding fatty acid transporters, FAT/CD36 decreased, while E-FABP increased. AR mRNA and protein expression decreased. Ultrastructural analysis showed a decrease in lipid droplets and signs of cellular damage in the Cd group. Cadmium exposure induces important changes in prostatic lipid profile and metabolism, confirmed by the morphology analyses, which also showed signs of cellular damage. These results could be important to further understanding the complex mechanism of cadmium toxicity in prostate and in the development of better treatments for people and animals exposed to the heavy metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Mónica Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
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Alessio L, Lucchini R. Prolactin changes as a consequence of chemical exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2006; 114:A573-4; author reply A574. [PMID: 17035115 PMCID: PMC1626391 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.114-a573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Alessio
- Institute of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, E-mail:
| | - Roberto Lucchini
- Institute of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, E-mail:
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