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Yu W, Kong G, Ya H, He L, Wu Y, Zhang H. Comprehensive Analysis of the Catalase ( CAT) Gene Family and Expression Patterns in Rubber Tree ( Hevea brasiliensis) under Various Abiotic Stresses and Multiple Hormone Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:70. [PMID: 38203241 PMCID: PMC10779098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) is one of the key enzymes involved in antioxidant defense systems and mainly scavenges H2O2 and plays a vital role in plant growth, development, and various adverse stresses. To date, a systematic study of the CAT gene family in rubber tree has not been reported. In this study, five HbCAT gene family members were identified from the rubber tree genome, and these were mainly clustered into two subfamilies. Gene structure and motif analysis showed that exon-intron and motif patterns were conserved across different plant species. Sequence analysis revealed that HbCAT proteins contain one active catalytic site, one heme-ligand signature sequence, three conserved amino acid residues (His, Tyr, and Asn), and one peroxisome-targeting signal 1 (PTS1) sequence. Fragment duplication is a selection pressure for the evolution of the HbCAT family based on Ka/Ks values. Analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoters indicated that HbCAT gene expression might be regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and MYB transcription factors; furthermore, these genes might be involved in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. A tissue-specific expression analysis showed that HbCATs gradually increased with leaf development and were highly expressed in mature leaves. Gene expression profiling exhibited the differential expression of the HbCATs under cold, heat, drought, and NaCl stresses. Our results provide comprehensive information about the HbCAT gene family, laying the foundation for further research on its function in rubber tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Cultivation Technology of Rubber Tree, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China; (W.Y.); (G.K.); (H.Y.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Southwest Mountain Forest Resources, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Guanghong Kong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Cultivation Technology of Rubber Tree, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China; (W.Y.); (G.K.); (H.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Huajin Ya
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Cultivation Technology of Rubber Tree, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China; (W.Y.); (G.K.); (H.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Ligang He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Cultivation Technology of Rubber Tree, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China; (W.Y.); (G.K.); (H.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Yu Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Cultivation Technology of Rubber Tree, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China; (W.Y.); (G.K.); (H.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Hanyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Southwest Mountain Forest Resources, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Feng L, Wei L, Liu Y, Ren J, Liao W. Carbon monoxide/heme oxygenase system in plant: Roles in abiotic stress response and crosstalk with other signals molecules. Nitric Oxide 2023; 138-139:51-63. [PMID: 37364740 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has been recognized as a crucial gasotransmitter mainly produced by heme oxygenase (HO)-catalyzed heme degradation in plant. Recent studies have shown that CO plays an important role in regulating growth and development of plant, as well as and responding to a variety of abiotic stresses. Meanwhile, many studies have reported on CO working in combination with other signal molecules to mitigate abiotic stress. Here, we presented a comprehensive overview of recent developments in which CO reduces plant damage caused by abiotic stresses. The regulation of antioxidant system, photosynthetic system, ion balance and transport are the main mechanisms of CO-alleviated abiotic stress. We also proposed and discussed the relationship between CO and other signal molecules, including nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen gas (H2), abscisic acid (ABA), indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), cytokine (CTK), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and calcium ion (Ca2+). Furthermore, the important role of HO genes in alleviating abiotic stress was also discussed. We proposed promising and new research directions for the study of plant CO, which can provide further insights on the role of CO in plant growth and development under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yayu Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jiaxuan Ren
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Ishikawa K, Xie X, Osaki Y, Miyawaki A, Numata K, Kodama Y. Bilirubin is produced nonenzymatically in plants to maintain chloroplast redox status. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh4787. [PMID: 37285441 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bilirubin, a potent antioxidant, is a product of heme catabolism in heterotrophs. Heterotrophs mitigate oxidative stress resulting from free heme by catabolism into bilirubin via biliverdin. Although plants also convert heme to biliverdin, they are generally thought to be incapable of producing bilirubin because they lack biliverdin reductase, the enzyme responsible for bilirubin biosynthesis in heterotrophs. Here, we demonstrate that bilirubin is produced in plant chloroplasts. Live-cell imaging using the bilirubin-dependent fluorescent protein UnaG revealed that bilirubin accumulated in chloroplasts. In vitro, bilirubin was produced nonenzymatically through a reaction between biliverdin and reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate at concentrations comparable to those in chloroplasts. In addition, increased bilirubin production led to lower reactive oxygen species levels in chloroplasts. Our data refute the generally accepted pathway of heme degradation in plants and suggest that bilirubin contributes to the maintenance of redox status in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ishikawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Osaki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics; Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University; Kyoto, 615-8246, Japan
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Popek R, Mahawar L, Shekhawat GS, Przybysz A. Phyto-cleaning of particulate matter from polluted air by woody plant species in the near-desert city of Jodhpur (India) and the role of heme oxygenase in their response to PM stress conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:70228-70241. [PMID: 35585451 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most dangerous pollutants in the air. Urban vegetation, especially trees and shrubs, accumulates PM and reduces its concentration in ambient air. The aim of this study was to examine 10 tree and shrub species common for the Indian city of Jodhpur (Rajasthan) located on the edge of the Thar Desert and determine (1) the accumulation of surface and in-wax PM (both in three different size fractions), (2) the amount of epicuticular waxes on foliage, (3) the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd and Cu) on/in the leaves of the examined species, and (4) the level of heme oxygenase enzyme in leaves that accumulate PM and heavy metals. Among the investigated species, Ficus religiosa L. and Cordia myxa L. accumulated the greatest amount of total PM. F. religiosa is a tall tree with a lush, large crown and leaves with wavy edge, convex veins, and long petioles, while C. myxa have hairy leaves with convex veins. The lowest PM accumulation was recorded for drought-resistant Salvadora persica L. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss., which is probably due to their adaptation to growing conditions. Heavy metals (Cu and Cd) were found in the leaves of almost every examined species. The accumulation of heavy metals (especially Cu) was positively correlated with the amount of PM deposited on the foliage. A new finding of this study indicated a potentially important role of HO in the plants' response to PM-induced stress. The correlation between HO and PM was stronger than that between HO and HMs. The results obtained in this study emphasise the role of plants in cleaning polluted air in conditions where there are very high concentrations of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Popek
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lovely Mahawar
- Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342001, India
| | - Gyan Singh Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342001, India
| | - Arkadiusz Przybysz
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Verma KK, Song XP, Joshi A, Rajput VD, Singh M, Sharma A, Singh RK, Li DM, Arora J, Minkina T, Li YR. Nanofertilizer Possibilities for Healthy Soil, Water, and Food in Future: An Overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865048. [PMID: 35677230 PMCID: PMC9168910 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Conventional fertilizers and pesticides are not sustainable for multiple reasons, including high delivery and usage inefficiency, considerable energy, and water inputs with adverse impact on the agroecosystem. Achieving and maintaining optimal food security is a global task that initiates agricultural approaches to be revolutionized effectively on time, as adversities in climate change, population growth, and loss of arable land may increase. Recent approaches based on nanotechnology may improve in vivo nutrient delivery to ensure the distribution of nutrients precisely, as nanoengineered particles may improve crop growth and productivity. The underlying mechanistic processes are yet to be unlayered because in coming years, the major task may be to develop novel and efficient nutrient uses in agriculture with nutrient use efficiency (NUE) to acquire optimal crop yield with ecological biodiversity, sustainable agricultural production, and agricultural socio-economy. This study highlights the potential of nanofertilizers in agricultural crops for improved plant performance productivity in case subjected to abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K. Verma
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Munna Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Jaya Arora
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
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Singh N, Bhatla SC. Heme oxygenase-nitric oxide crosstalk-mediated iron homeostasis in plants under oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:192-205. [PMID: 35247570 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth under abiotic stress conditions significantly enhances intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative status of plant cells is directly affected by the modulation of iron homeostasis. Among mammals and plants, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a well-known antioxidant enzyme. It catalyzes oxygenation of heme, thereby producing Fe2+, CO and biliverdin as byproducts. The antioxidant potential of HO-1 is primarily due to its catalytic reaction byproducts. Biliverdin and bilirubin possess conjugated π-electrons which escalate the ability of these biomolecules to scavenge free radicals. CO also enhances the ROS scavenging ability of plants cells by upregulating catalase and peroxidase activity. Enhanced expression of HO-1 in plants under oxidative stress accompanies sequestration of iron in specialized iron storage proteins localized in plastids and mitochondria, namely ferritin for Fe3+ storage and frataxin for storage of Fe-S clusters, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) crosstalks with HO-1 at multiple levels, more so in plants under oxidative stress, in order to maintain intracellular iron status. Formation of dinitrosyl-iron complexes (DNICs) significantly prevents Fenton reaction during oxidative stress. DNICs also release NO upon dissociation in target cells over long distance in plants. They also function as antioxidants against superoxide anions and lipidic free radicals. A number of NO-modulated transcription factors also facilitate iron homeostasis in plant cells. Plants facing oxidative stress exhibit modulation of lateral root formation by HO-1 through NO and auxin-dependent pathways. The present review provides an in-depth analysis of the structure-function relationship of HO-1 in plants and mammals, correlating them with their adaptive mechanisms of survival under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, India.
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Role of Engineered Carbon Nanoparticles (CNPs) in Promoting Growth and Metabolism of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek: Insights into the Biochemical and Physiological Responses. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071317. [PMID: 34203538 PMCID: PMC8309176 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the documented significance of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) in plant development, the knowledge of the impact of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) dosage on physiological responses of crop plants is still scarce. Hence, the present study investigates the concentration-dependent impact of CNPs on the morphology and physiology of Vigna radiata. Crop seedlings were subjected to CNPs at varying concentrations (25 to 200 µM) in hydroponic medium for 96 h to evaluate various physiological parameters. CNPs at an intermediate concentration (100 to 150 µM) favor the growth of crops by increasing the total chlorophyll content (1.9-fold), protein content (1.14-fold) and plant biomass (fresh weight: 1.2-fold, dry weight: 1.14-fold). The highest activity of antioxidants (SOD, GOPX, APX and proline) was also recorded at these concentrations, which indicates a decline in ROS level at 100 µM. At the highest CNPs treatment (200 µM), aggregation of CNPs was observed more on the root surface and accumulated in higher concentrations in the plant tissues, which limits the absorption and translocation of nutrients to plants, and hence, at these concentrations, the oxidative damage imposed by CNPs is evaded with the rise in activity of antioxidants. These findings show the importance of CNPs as nano-fertilizers that not only improve plant growth by their slow and controlled release of nutrients, but also enhance the stress-tolerant and phytoremediation efficiency of plants in the polluted environment due to their enormous absorption potential.
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Catalase (CAT) Gene Family in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.): Genome-Wide Analysis, Identification, and Expression Pattern in Response to Multiple Hormones and Abiotic Stress Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084281. [PMID: 33924156 PMCID: PMC8074368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) is an antioxidant enzyme expressed by the CAT gene family and exists in almost all aerobic organisms. Environmental stresses induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that eventually hinder plant growth and development. The CAT enzyme translates the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water (H2O) and reduce the ROS levels to shelter the cells’ death. So far, the CAT gene family has not been reported in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Therefore, a genome-wide comprehensive analysis was conducted to classify the CAT genes in the rapeseed genome. The current study identified 14 BnCAT genes in the rapeseed genome. Based on phylogenetic and synteny analysis, the BnCATs belong to four groups (Groups I–IV). A gene structure and conserved motif analysis showed that Group I, Group II, and Group IV possess almost the same intron/exon pattern, and an equal number of motifs, while Group III contains diverse structures and contain 15 motifs. By analyzing the cis-elements in the promoters, we identified five hormone-correlated responsive elements and four stress-related responsive elements. Further, six putative bna-miRNAs were also identified, targeting three genes (BnCAT4, BnCAT6, and BnCAT8). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the BnCAT genes were largely related to cellular organelles, ROS response, stimulus response, stress response, and antioxidant enzymes. Almost 10 BnCAT genes showed higher expression levels in different tissues, i.e., root, leaf, stem, and silique. The expression analysis showed that BnCAT1–BnCAT3 and BnCAT11–BnCAT13 were significantly upregulated by cold, salinity, abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA) treatment, but not by drought and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Notably, most of the genes were upregulated by waterlogging stress, except BnCAT6, BnCAT9, and BnCAT10. Our results opened new windows for future investigations and provided insights into the CAT family genes in rapeseed.
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Su N, Niu M, Liu Z, Wang L, Zhu Z, Zou J, Chen Y, Cui J. Hemin-decreased cadmium uptake in pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.) seedlings is heme oxygenase-1 dependent and relies on its by-products ferrous iron and carbon monoxide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:115882. [PMID: 33234366 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major pollutant in farmland, which not only greatly restricts crop production, but also brings a serious threat to human health through entering the food chain. Our previous study showed that hemin treatment could reduce the accumulation of Cd in pak choi seedlings. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we used non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) to detect the real-time Cd2+ flux from pak choi roots and demonstrated that hemin treatment decreased Cd uptake rather than its translocation within plants. Moreover, through comparing the responses of different chemical treatments in pak choi seedlings and Arabidopsis wild-type and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mutant, we provided evidence that hemin-decreased Cd uptake was HO-1 dependent. Furthermore, analyses of hemin degradation products suggested that the hemin-derived suppression of Cd uptake suppression was probably relying on its degradation by-products, ferrous iron (Fe2+) and carbon monoxide (CO), via repressing the expression of a Fe2+/Cd2+ transporter BcIRT1 in pak choi roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengyang Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ze Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Zhengbo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Mahawar L, Popek R, Shekhawat GS, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Exogenous hemin improves Cd 2+ tolerance and remediation potential in Vigna radiata by intensifying the HO-1 mediated antioxidant defence system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2811. [PMID: 33531561 PMCID: PMC7854669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of exogenous hemin on cadmium toxicity in terms of metal accretion and stress resilience in Vigna radiata L. (Wilczek). One-week-old seedlings were treated with CdCl2 (50 μM) alone and in combination with hemin (0.5 mM) in half-strength Hoagland medium for 96 h. The optimum concentrations of Cd and hemin were determined on the basis of haem oxygenase-1 activity. The results demonstrated that under Cd stress, plants accumulated a considerable amount of metal in their tissues, and the accumulation was higher in roots than in leaves, which significantly reduced the plant biomass and chlorophyll content by increasing the oxidative stress (MDA and H2O2 content). However, hemin supplementation under Cd,-stress improved plant growth by enhancing the harvestable biomass and photosynthetic pigments, increasing antioxidant activities (SOD, APX, POD, HO-1 and proline), lowering oxidative damage and increasing Cd tolerance in plants. Furthermore, the application of hemin enhances the removal efficiency of Cd in V. radiata by increasing the uptake of Cd via roots and its translocation from roots to foliar tissues. Thus, the study suggests that hemin has the potential to improve the stress tolerance and phytoremediation ability of heavy metal-tolerant plants so that they can be used instead of hyperaccumulators for remediation of Cd-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovely Mahawar
- Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Studies, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342001, India
| | - Robert Popek
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gyan Singh Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Studies, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342001, India.
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Tohda R, Tanaka H, Mutoh R, Zhang X, Lee YH, Konuma T, Ikegami T, Migita CT, Kurisu G. Crystal structure of higher plant heme oxygenase-1 and its mechanism of interaction with ferredoxin. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100217. [PMID: 33839679 PMCID: PMC7948506 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) converts heme to carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and free iron, products that are essential in cellular redox signaling and iron recycling. In higher plants, HO is also involved in the biosynthesis of photoreceptor pigment precursors. Despite many common enzymatic reactions, the amino acid sequence identity between plant-type and other HOs is exceptionally low (∼19.5%), and amino acids that are catalytically important in mammalian HO are not conserved in plant-type HOs. Structural characterization of plant-type HO is limited to spectroscopic characterization by electron spin resonance, and it remains unclear how the structure of plant-type HO differs from that of other HOs. Here, we have solved the crystal structure of Glycine max (soybean) HO-1 (GmHO-1) at a resolution of 1.06 Å and carried out the isothermal titration calorimetry measurements and NMR spectroscopic studies of its interaction with ferredoxin, the plant-specific electron donor. The high-resolution X-ray structure of GmHO-1 reveals several novel structural components: an additional irregularly structured region, a new water tunnel from the active site to the surface, and a hydrogen-bonding network unique to plant-type HOs. Structurally important features in other HOs, such as His ligation to the bound heme, are conserved in GmHO-1. Based on combined data from X-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry, and NMR measurements, we propose the evolutionary fine-tuning of plant-type HOs for ferredoxin dependency in order to allow adaptation to dynamic pH changes on the stroma side of the thylakoid membrane in chloroplast without losing enzymatic activity under conditions of fluctuating light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Tohda
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tanaka
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Risa Mutoh
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xuhong Zhang
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Research Center of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea; Research Headquarters, Korea Brain Research Institute, Dong-gu, Daegu, South Korea; Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tsuyoshi Konuma
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ikegami
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Catharina T Migita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Genji Kurisu
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
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Mulaudzi-Masuku T, Ikebudu V, Muthevhuli M, Faro A, Gehring CA, Iwuoha E. Characterization and Expression Analysis of Heme Oxygenase Genes from Sorghum bicolor. Bioinform Biol Insights 2019; 13:1177932219860813. [PMID: 31320797 PMCID: PMC6628516 DOI: 10.1177/1177932219860813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenases (HOs) have a major role in phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis, and chromophores in turn have anti-oxidant properties. Plant heme oxygenases are divided into the HO1 sub-family comprising HO1, HO3, and HO4, and the HO2 sub-family, which consists of 1 member, HO2. This study identified and characterized 4 heme oxygenase members from Sorghum bicolor. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the heme oxygenase signature motif (QAFICHFYNI/V) is conserved across all SbHO proteins and that they share above 90% sequence identity with other cereals. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that SbHO genes were expressed in leaves, stems, and roots, but most importantly their transcript level was induced by osmotic stress, indicating that they might play a role in stress responses. These findings will strengthen our understanding of the role of heme oxygenases in plant stress responses and may contribute to the development of stress tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Ikebudu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Mpho Muthevhuli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Andrew Faro
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Christoph A Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology & Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Iwuoha
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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13
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Baig MA, Ahmad J, Bagheri R, Ali AA, Al-Huqail AA, Ibrahim MM, Qureshi MI. Proteomic and ecophysiological responses of soybean (Glycine max L.) root nodules to Pb and hg stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:283. [PMID: 30428829 PMCID: PMC6237034 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) are persistent hazardous metals in industrially polluted soils which can be toxic in low quantities. Metal toxicity can cause changes at cellular and molecular level which should be studied for better understanding of tolerance mechanism in plants. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an important oilseed crop of the world including India. Indian soils growing soybean are often contaminated by Pb and Hg. The aim of this study was to explore how soybean root nodule responds to Pb and Hg through proteomic and ecophysiological alterations in order to enhance tolerance to metal stress. RESULTS Soybean plants were exposed to Pb (30 ppm PbCl2) and Hg (0.5 ppm HgCl2) to study histological, histochemical, biochemical and molecular response of N2-fixing symbiotic nodules. Both Pb and Hg treatment increased the level of oxidative stress in leaves and nodules. Chlorosis in leaves and morphological/anatomical changes in nodules were observed. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase were also modulated. Significant changes were observed in abundance of 76 proteins by Pb and Hg. Pb and Hg influenced abundance of 33 proteins (17 up and 16 down) and 43 proteins (33 up and 10 down), respectively. MS/MS ion search identified 55 proteins which were functionally associated with numerous cellular functions. Six crucial proteins namely catalase (CAT), allene oxide synthase (AOS), glutathione S-transferase (GST), calcineurin B like (CBL), calmodulin like (CML) and rapid alkalinisation factor (RAF) were selected for transcript abundance estimation. The qRT-PCR based real time expression exhibited a positive correlation with proteomics expression except for GST and RAF. CONCLUSION Soybean root nodule responds to metal stress by increased abundance of defence, development and repair related proteins. An efficient proteomic modulation might lead to metal-induced stress tolerance in N2-fixing nodules. Although concentrations of Pb and Hg used in the study cannot be considered equimolar, yet Hg seems to induce more changes in nodule proteomic profile, and higher damage to both bacteroides and root anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Affan Baig
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Rita Bagheri
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Arlene Asthana Ali
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Asma Abdulkareem Al-Huqail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Science College, King Saud University, 11495, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21511, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Irfan Qureshi
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
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Mahawar L, Shekhawat GS. Haem oxygenase: A functionally diverse enzyme of photosynthetic organisms and its role in phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis, cellular signalling and defence mechanisms. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:483-500. [PMID: 29220548 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Haem oxygenase (HO) is a universal enzyme that catalyses stereospecific cleavage of haem to BV IX α and liberates Fe+2 ion and CO as by-product. Beside haem degradation, it has important functions in plants that include cellular defence, stomatal regulation, iron mobilization, phytochrome chromophore synthesis, and lateral root formation. Phytochromes are an extended family of photoreceptors with a molecular mass of 250 kDa and occur as a dimer made up of 2 equivalent subunits of 125 kDa each. Each subunit is made of two components: the chromophore, a light-capturing pigment molecule and the apoprotein. Biosynthesis of phytochrome (phy) chromophore includes the oxidative splitting of haem to biliverdin IX by an enzyme HO, which is the decisive step in the biosynthesis. In photosynthetic organisms, BVα is reduced to 3Z PΦB by a ferredoxin-dependent PΦB synthase that finally isomerised to PΦB. The synthesized PΦB assembles with the phytochrome apoprotein in the cytoplasm to generate holophytochrome. Thus, necessary for photomorphogenesis in plants, which has confirmed from the genetic studies, conducted on Arabidopsis thaliana and pea. Besides the phytochrome chromophore synthesis, the review also emphasises on the current advances conducted in plant HO implying its developmental and defensive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovely Mahawar
- Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342001, India
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15
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Mahawar L, Kumar R, Shekhawat GS. Evaluation of heme oxygenase 1 (HO 1) in Cd and Ni induced cytotoxicity and crosstalk with ROS quenching enzymes in two to four leaf stage seedlings of Vigna radiata. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:527-545. [PMID: 28924722 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Research on heme oxygenase in plants has received consideration in recent years due to its several roles in development, defense, and metabolism during various environmental stresses. In the current investigation, the role of heme oxygenase (HO) 1 was evaluated in reducing heavy metal (Cd and Ni) uptake and alleviating Cd and Ni toxicity effects in the hydroponically grown seedlings of Vigna radiata var. PDM 54. Seedlings were subjected to Cd- and Ni-induced oxidative stress independently at different concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μM. After 96 h (fourth day) of treatment, the stressed plants were harvested to study the cellular homeostasis and detoxification mechanism by examining the growth, stress parameters (LPX, H2O2 content), and non-enzymatic and enzymatic parameters (ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaicol peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT)) including HO 1. At 50 μM CdCl2 and 60 μM NiSO4, HO 1 activity was found to be highest in leaves which were 1.39 and 1.16-fold, respectively. The greatest HO 1 activity was reflected from the reduction of H2O2 content at these metal concentrations (50 μM CdCl2 and 60 μM NiSO4) which is correlated with the increasing activity of other antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX). Thus, HO 1 works within a group that generates the defense machinery for the plant's survival by scavenging ROS which is confirmed by a time-dependent study. Hence, it is concluded that seedlings of V. radiata were more tolerant towards metal-induced oxidative stress in which HO 1 is localized in its residential area (plastids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovely Mahawar
- Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Water Quality Management Group Defense Laboratory, Jodhpur, 342001, India
| | - Gyan Singh Shekhawat
- Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342001, India.
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16
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Santa-Cruz D, Pacienza N, Zilli C, Pagano E, Balestrasse K, Yannarelli G. Heme oxygenase up-regulation under ultraviolet-B radiation is not epigenetically restricted and involves specific stress-related transcriptions factors. Redox Biol 2017; 12:549-557. [PMID: 28384610 PMCID: PMC5382145 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a protective role against oxidative stress in plants. The mechanisms regulating its expression, however, remain unclear. Here we studied the methylation state of a GC rich HO-1 promoter region and the expression of several stress-related transcription factors (TFs) in soybean plants subjected to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. Genomic DNA and total RNA were isolated from leaves of plants irradiated with 7.5 and 15kJm-2 UV-B. A 304bp HO-1 promoter region was amplified by PCR from sodium bisulfite-treated DNA, cloned into pGEMT plasmid vector and evaluated by DNA sequencing. Bisulfite sequencing analysis showed similar HO-1 promoter methylation levels in control and UV-B-treated plants (C: 3.4±1.3%; 7.5: 2.6±0.5%; 15: 3.1±1.1%). Interestingly, HO-1 promoter was strongly unmethylated in control plants. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of TFs showed that GmMYB177, GmMYBJ6, GmWRKY21, GmNAC11, GmNAC20 and GmGT2A but not GmWRK13 and GmDREB were induced by UV-B radiation. The expression of several TFs was also enhanced by hemin, a potent and specific HO inducer, inferring that they may mediate HO-1 up-regulation. These results suggest that soybean HO-1 gene expression is not epigenetically regulated. Moreover, the low level of HO-1 promoter methylation suggests that this antioxidant enzyme can rapidly respond to environmental stress. Finally, this study has identified some stress-related TFs involved in HO-1 up-regulation under UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Santa-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Pacienza
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Zilli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Pagano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Balestrasse
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo Yannarelli
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Shabnam N, Sharmila P, Govindjee, Kim H, Pardha-Saradhi P. Differential Response of Floating and Submerged Leaves of Longleaf Pondweed to Silver Ions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1052. [PMID: 28680432 PMCID: PMC5478881 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated variations in the potential of floating and submerged leaves of longleaf pondweed (Potamogeton nodosus) to withstand silver ion (Ag+)-toxicity. Both floating and submerged leaves changed clear colorless AgNO3 solutions to colloidal brown in the presence of light. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of distinct crystalline Ag-nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in these brown solutions. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern showed that Ag-NPs were composed of Ag0 and Ag2O. Photosystem (PS) II efficiency of leaves declined upon exposure to Ag+ with a significantly higher decline in the submerged leaves than in the floating leaves. Similarly, Ag+ treatment caused a significant reduction in the carboxylase activity of the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in leaves. The reduction in this carboxylase activity was significantly higher in the submerged than in the floating leaves. Ag+ treatment also resulted in a significant decline in the levels of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants; the decline was significantly lower in the floating than in submerged leaves. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of Ag2O in these leaves. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis revealed a three-fold higher Ag content in the submerged than in floating leaves. Our study demonstrates that floating leaves of longleaf pondweed have a superior potential to counter Ag+-toxicity compared with submerged leaves, which could be due to superior potential of floating leaves to reduce Ag+ to less/non-toxic Ag0/Ag2O-nanoparticles/nanocomplexes. We suggest that modulating the genotype of longleaf pondweed to bear higher proportion of floating leaves would help in cleaning fresh water bodies contaminated with ionic forms of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Shabnam
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of SeoulSeoul, South Korea
| | - P. Sharmila
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew Delhi, India
| | - Govindjee
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, United States
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of SeoulSeoul, South Korea
| | - P. Pardha-Saradhi
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
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18
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Li Q, Zhu FY, Gao X, Sun Y, Li S, Tao Y, Lo C, Liu H. Young Leaf Chlorosis 2 encodes the stroma-localized heme oxygenase 2 which is required for normal tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in rice. PLANTA 2014; 240:701-12. [PMID: 25037719 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice heme oxygenase 2 (OsHO2) mutants are chlorophyll deficient with distinct tetrapyrrole metabolite and transcript profiles, suggesting a potential regulatory role of the stromal-localized OsHO2 in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. In plants, heme oxygenases (HOs) are classified into the subfamilies HO1 and HO2. HO1 are highly conserved plastid enzymes required for synthesizing the chromophore in phytochromes which mediate a number of light-regulated responses. However, the physiological and biochemical functions of HO2, which are distantly related to HO1, are not well understood, especially in crop plants. From a population of (60)Coγ-irradiated rice mutants, we identified the ylc2 (young leaf chlorosis 2) mutant which displays a chlorosis phenotype in seedlings with substantially reduced chlorophyll content. Normal leaf pigmentation is gradually restored in older plants while newly emerged leaves remain yellow. Transmission electron microscopy further revealed defective chloroplast structures in the ylc2 seedlings. Map-based cloning located the OsYLC2 gene on chromosome 3 and it encodes the OsHO2 protein. The gene identification was confirmed by complementation and T-DNA mutant analyses. Subcellular localization and chloroplast fractionation experiments indicated that OsHO2 resides in the stroma. However, recombinant enzyme assay demonstrated that OsHO2 is not a functional HO enzyme. Analysis of tetrapyrrole metabolites revealed the reduced levels of most chlorophyll and phytochromobilin precursors in the ylc2 mutant. On the other hand, elevated accumulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid and Mg-protoporphyrin IX was observed. These unique metabolite changes are accompanied by consistent changes in the expression levels of the corresponding tetrapyrrole biosynthesis genes. Taken together, our work suggests that OsHO2 has a potential regulatory role for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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19
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Lin JS, Lin HH, Li YC, King YC, Sung RJ, Kuo YW, Lin CC, Shen YH, Jeng ST. Carbon monoxide regulates the expression of the wound-inducible gene ipomoelin through antioxidation and MAPK phosphorylation in sweet potato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5279-90. [PMID: 25063862 PMCID: PMC4157712 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), one of the haem oxygenase (HO) products, plays important roles in plant development and stress adaptation. However, the function of CO involved in wounding responses is seldom studied. A wound-inducible gene, ipomoelin (IPO), of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cv. Tainung 57) was used as a target to study the regulation of CO in wounding responses. After wounding for 1h, the endogenous CO content and IbHO expression level were significantly reduced in leaves. IPO expression upon wounding was prohibited by the HO activator hemin, whereas the HO inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX elevated IPO expression. The IPO expression induced by wounding, H2O2, or methyl jasmonate was inhibited by CO. CO also affected the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase, and largely decreased H2O2 content in leaves. CO inhibited the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation induced by wounding. IbMAPK, the ERK of sweet potato, was identified by immunoblotting, and the interaction with its upstream activator, IbMEK1, was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation. Conclusively, wounding in leaves repressed IbHO expression and CO production, induced H2O2 generation and ERK phosphorylation, and then stimulated IPO expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Shane Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Li
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi King
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Jin Sung
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsing Shen
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tong Jeng
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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20
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Chen H, Cheng Z, Ma X, Wu H, Liu Y, Zhou K, Chen Y, Ma W, Bi J, Zhang X, Guo X, Wang J, Lei C, Wu F, Lin Q, Liu Y, Liu L, Jiang L. A knockdown mutation of YELLOW-GREEN LEAF2 blocks chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:1855-67. [PMID: 24043333 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An insert mutation of YELLOW-GREEN LEAF2 , encoding Heme Oxygenase 1 , results in significant reduction of its transcript levels, and therefore impairs chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice. Heme oxygenase (HO) in higher plants catalyzes the degradation of heme to synthesize phytochrome precursor and its roles conferring the photoperiodic control of flowering in rice have been revealed. However, its involvement in regulating rice chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis is not fully explored. In this study, we isolated a rice mutant named yellow-green leaf 2 (ygl2) from a (60)Co-irradiated population. Normal grown ygl2 seedlings showed yellow-green leaves with reduced contents of Chl and tetrapyrrole intermediates whereas an increase of Chl a/b ratio. Ultrastructural analyses demonstrated grana were poorly stacked in ygl2 mutant, resulting in underdevelopment of chloroplasts. The ygl2 locus was mapped to chromosome 6 and isolated via map-based cloning. Sequence analysis indicated that it encodes the rice HO1 and its identity was verified by transgenic complementation test and RNA interference. A 7-Kb insertion was found in the first exon of YGL2/HO1, resulting in significant reduction of YGL2 expressions in the ygl2 mutant. YGL2 was constitutively expressed in a variety of rice tissues with the highest levels in leaves and regulated by temperature. In addition, we found expression levels of some genes associated with Chl biosynthesis and photosynthesis were concurrently altered in ygl2 mutant. These results provide direct evidence that YGL2 has a vital function in rice Chl biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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21
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Chlorophyll deficiency in the maize elongated mesocotyl2 mutant is caused by a defective heme oxygenase and delaying grana stacking. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80107. [PMID: 24244620 PMCID: PMC3823864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Etiolated seedlings initiate grana stacking and chlorophyll biosynthesis in parallel with the first exposure to light, during which phytochromes play an important role. Functional phytochromes are biosynthesized separately for two components. One phytochrome is biosynthesized for apoprotein and the other is biosynthesized for the chromophore that includes heme oxygenase (HO). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING We isolated a ho1 homolog by map-based cloning of a maize elongated mesocotyl2 (elm2) mutant. cDNA sequencing of the ho1 homolog in elm2 revealed a 31 bp deletion. De-etiolation responses to red and far-red light were disrupted in elm2 seedlings, with a pronounced elongation of the mesocotyl. The endogenous HO activity in the elm2 mutant decreased remarkably. Transgenic complementation further confirmed the dysfunction in the maize ho1 gene. Moreover, non-appressed thylakoids were specifically stacked at the seedling stage in the elm2 mutant. CONCLUSION The 31 bp deletion in the ho1 gene resulted in a decrease in endogenous HO activity and disrupted the de-etiolation responses to red and far-red light. The specific stacking of non-appressed thylakoids suggested that the chlorophyll biosynthesis regulated by HO1 is achieved by coordinating the heme level with the regulation of grana stacking.
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Noriega G, Caggiano E, Lecube ML, Cruz DS, Batlle A, Tomaro M, Balestrasse KB. The role of salicylic acid in the prevention of oxidative stress elicited by cadmium in soybean plants. Biometals 2012; 25:1155-65. [PMID: 22886388 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The protective action of salicylic acid (SA) pre-treatment on soybean plants before cadmium (Cd) addition was tested. Oxidative stress parameters, such as TBARS formation, glutathione and chlorophyll content, were altered by Cd, instead no differences were observed in plants only pre-treated with SA. Antioxidant enzymes were affected by Cd treatment, while SA protected against these effects. These findings indicated that SA could act as a protector against oxidative stress induced by Cd. Taking into account the fact that heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been previously described as a novel antioxidant enzyme, experiments were carried out to determine whether it was involved in the protection exerted by SA. As expected, Cd brought about an enhancement of 57 % in HO-1 activity and 150 % in protein content (150 %), SA also increased both the enzyme activity and its protein content (28 and 75 %, respectively). Surprisingly, the observed rise of HO activity and protein content under SA treatment was lower than that produced by Cd alone. These lower values indicated, that HO-1 could not be directly involved in the protection of SA against Cd effects. In order to shed light in the mechanisms involved in SA effects, Cd content was determined in the tissues of Cd treated plants with and without SA pre-treatment. Results indicated that, in the presence of SA, Cd uptake was inhibited, thus avoiding its deleterious effects. Moreover, the observed HO-1 activity enhancement by SA indicates that this phytohormone could be engaged in the signalling pathway of heme degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Noriega
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cloning and Characterization of a Heme Oxygenase-2 Gene from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:1253-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Wu M, Huang J, Xu S, Ling T, Xie Y, Shen W. Haem oxygenase delays programmed cell death in wheat aleurone layers by modulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:235-48. [PMID: 20797999 PMCID: PMC2993913 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) confers protection against a variety of oxidant-induced cell and tissue injury in animals and plants. In this report, it is confirmed that programmed cell death (PCD) in wheat aleurone layers is stimulated by GA and prevented by ABA. Meanwhile, HO activity and HO-1 protein expression exhibited lower levels in GA-treated layers, whereas the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) content was apparently increased. The pharmacology approach illustrated that scavenging or accumulating H(2)O(2) either delayed or accelerated GA-induced PCD. Furthermore, pretreatment with the HO-1 specific inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX), before exposure to GA, not only decreased HO activity but also accelerated GA-induced PCD significantly. The application of the HO-1 inducer, haematin, and the enzymatic reaction product of HO, carbon monoxide (CO) aqueous solution, both of which brought about a noticeable induction of HO expression, substantially prevented GA-induced PCD. These effects were reversed when ZnPPIX was added, suggesting that HO in vivo played a role in delaying PCD. Meanwhile, catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities or transcripts were enhanced by haematin, CO, or bilirubin (BR), the catalytic by-product of HO. This enhancement resulted in a decrease in H(2)O(2) production and a delay in PCD. In addition, the antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), dithiothreitol (DTT), and ascorbic acid (AsA) were able not only to delay PCD but also to mimic the effects of haematin and CO on HO up-regulation. Overall, the above results suggested that up-regulation of HO expression delays PCD through the down-regulation of H(2)O(2) production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Co. Laboratory of Nanjing Agricultural University and Carl Zeiss Far East, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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Zilli CG, Santa Cruz DM, Polizio AH, Tomaro ML, Balestrasse KB. Symbiotic association between soybean plants and Bradyrhizobium japonicum develops oxidative stress and heme oxygenase-1 induction at early stages. Redox Rep 2011; 16:49-55. [PMID: 21722412 PMCID: PMC6837690 DOI: 10.1179/174329211x13020951739811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (EC 1.14.99.3) plays a protective role against oxidative stress in leaves and nodules of soybean plants subjected to cadmium, UV-B radiation, and salt stress. Here, we investigated HO-1, localization and their relationship with oxidative stress in different growth stages of soybean plants roots inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum (3, 5, 7, 10, and 20 days post-inoculation) and nodules. After 7 days of inoculation, we observed a 70% increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances that correlates with an enhancement in the gene expression of HO-1, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, the inhibition of HO-1 activity by Zn-protoporphyrin IX produced an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in glutathione content suggesting that, in this symbiotic process, HO-1 may act as a signal molecule that protects the root against oxidative stress. We determined, for the first time, the tissular localization of HO-1 in nodules by electron-microscope examination. These results undoubtedly demonstrated that this enzyme is localized only in the plant tissue and its overexpression may play an important role as antioxidant defense in the plant. Moreover, we demonstrate that, in roots, HO-1 is induced by oxidative stress produced by inoculation of B. japonicum and exerts an antioxidant response against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla G Zilli
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego M Santa Cruz
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel H Polizio
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L Tomaro
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina B Balestrasse
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Santa-Cruz DM, Pacienza NA, Polizio AH, Balestrasse KB, Tomaro ML, Yannarelli GG. Nitric oxide synthase-like dependent NO production enhances heme oxygenase up-regulation in ultraviolet-B-irradiated soybean plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:1700-7. [PMID: 20708206 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) has antioxidant properties and is up-regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ultraviolet-B-irradiated soybean plants. This study shows that nitric oxide (NO) protects against oxidative damage and that nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like activity is also required for HO-1 induction under UV-B radiation. Pre-treatments with sodium nitroprussiate (SNP), a NO-donor, prevented chlorophyll loss, H(2)O(2) and O(2)(*-) accumulation, and ion leakage in UV-B-treated plants. HO activity was significantly enhanced by NO and showed a positive correlation with HO-1 transcript levels. In fact, HO-1 mRNA levels were increased 2.1-fold in 0.8 mM SNP-treated plants, whereas subsequent UV-B irradiation augmented this expression up to 3.5-fold with respect to controls. This response was not observed using ferrocyanide, a SNP inactive analog, and was effectively blocked by 2-(4-carboxyphenil)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), a specific NO-scavenger. In addition, experiments carried out in the presence of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or tungsten, well-known inhibitors of NOS and nitrate reductase, showed that NOS is the endogenous source of NO that mediates HO-1 expression. In summary, we found that NO is involved in the signaling pathway leading to HO-1 up-regulation under UV-B, and that a balance between NO and ROS is important to trigger the antioxidant response against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Santa-Cruz
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cui W, Fu G, Wu H, Shen W. Cadmium-induced heme oxygenase-1 gene expression is associated with the depletion of glutathione in the roots of Medicago sativa. Biometals 2010; 24:93-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Shekhawat GS, Verma K. Haem oxygenase (HO): an overlooked enzyme of plant metabolism and defence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:2255-70. [PMID: 20378668 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Haem oxygenase (HO) degrades free haem released from haem proteins with the generation of ferrous iron (Fe2+), biliverdin-IXalpha (BV-IXalpha), and carbon monoxide (CO). The mechanism of haem cleavage has been conserved between plants and other organisms even though the function, subcellular localization, and cofactor requirements of HO differ substantially. The crystal structure of HO1, a monomeric protein, has been extensively reported in mammals, pathogenic bacteria, and cyanobacteria, but no such reports are available for higher plant HOs except a predicted model for pea HO1. Along with haem degradation, HO performs various cellular processes including iron acquisition/mobilization, phytochrome chromophore synthesis, cell protection, and stomatal regulation. To date, four HO genes (HO1, HO2, HO3, and HO4) have been reported in plants. HO1 has been well explored in cell metabolism; however, the divergent roles of the other three HOs is less known. The transcriptional up-regulation of HO1 in plants responds to many agents, such as light, UV, iron deprivation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), abscisic acid (ABA), and haematin. Recently the HO1/CO system has gained more attention due to its physiological cytoprotective role in plants. This review focuses on the recent advances made in plant HO research involving its role in environmental stresses. Moreover, the review emphasizes physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of this enzyme in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Shekhawat
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali-304022, Rajasthan, India.
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