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Nouioui I, Ghodhbane-Gtari F, Pötter G, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M. Novel species of Frankia, Frankia gtarii sp. nov. and Frankia tisai sp. nov., isolated from a root nodule of Alnus glutinosa. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126377. [PMID: 36379075 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2022.126377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The status of four Frankia strains isolated from a root nodule of Alnus glutinosa was established in a polyphasic study. Taxogenomics and phenotypic features show that the isolates belong to the genus Frankia. All four strains form extensively branched substrate mycelia, multilocular sporangia, vesicles, lack aerial hyphae, but contain meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, galactose, glucose, mannose, ribose, xylose and traces of rhamnose as cell wall sugars, iso-C16:0 as the predominant fatty acid, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids, have comparable genome sizes to other cluster 1, Alnus-infective strains with structural and accessory genes associated with nitrogen fixation. The genome sizes of the isolates range from 7.0 to 7.7 Mbp and the digital DNA G + C contents from 71.3 to 71.5 %. The four sequenced genomes are rich in biosynthetic gene clusters predicted to express for novel specialized metabolites, notably antibiotics. 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequence analyses show that the isolates fall into two lineages that are closely related to the type strains of Frankia alni and Frankia torreyi. All of these taxa are separated by combinations of phenotypic properties and by digital DNA:DNA hybridization scores which indicate that they belong to different genomic species. Based on these results, it is proposed that isolates Agncl-4T and Agncl-10, and Agncl-8T and Agncl-18, be recognised as Frankia gtarii sp. nov. and Frankia tisai sp. nov. respectively, with isolates Agncl-4T (=DSM 107976T = CECT 9711T) and Agncl-8T (=DSM 107980T = CECT 9715T) as the respective type strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Nouioui
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Faten Ghodhbane-Gtari
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Université de La Manouba, Tunisia; USCR Bactériologie Moléculaire & Génomique, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées & de Technologie, Université de Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Gabriele Pötter
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Michael Goodfellow
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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2
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Zhang J, Zhang P, Zeng G, Wu G, Qi L, Chen G, Fang W, Yin WB. Transcriptional Differences Guided Discovery and Genetic Identification of Coprogen and Dimerumic Acid Siderophores in Metarhizium robertsii. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:783609. [PMID: 34899665 PMCID: PMC8656255 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.783609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Siderophores are small molecular iron chelators and participate in the multiple cellular processes in fungi. In this study, biosynthesis gene clusters of coprogens and dimerumic acids were identified by transcriptional level differences of genes related to iron deficiency conditions in Metarhizium robertsii. This leads to the characterization of new coprogen metachelin C (1) and five known siderophores metachelin A (2), metachelin A-CE (3), metachelin B (4), dimerumic acid 11-mannoside (5), and dimerumic acid (6). The structure of metachelin C (1) was elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS analysis. Genetic deletions of mrsidA, and mrsidD abolished the production of compounds 1–6 that implied their involvement in the biosynthesis of coprogen and dimerumic acid. Interestingly, NRPS gene mrsidD is responsible for biosynthesis of both coprogen and dimerumic acid, thus we proposed plausible biosynthetic pathways for the synthesis of coprogen and dimerumic acid siderophores. Therefore, our study provides the genetic basis for understanding the biosynthetic pathway of coprogen and dimerumic acid in Metarhizium robertsii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohong Zeng
- College of Life Science, Institute of Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Landa Qi
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guocan Chen
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Fang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Shen Q, Dai G, Ravichandran V, Liu Y, Zhong L, Sui H, Ren X, Jiao N, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Bian X. Saccharochelins A-H, Cytotoxic Amphiphilic Siderophores from the Rare Marine Actinomycete Saccharothrix sp. D09. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2149-2156. [PMID: 34323485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Siderophores are secreted by microorganisms to survive in iron-depleted conditions, and they also possess tremendous therapeutic potential. Genomic-inspired isolation facilitated the identification of eight amphiphilic siderophores, saccharochelins A-H (1-8), from a rare marine-derived Saccharothrix species. Saccharochelins feature a series of fatty acyl groups appended to the same tetrapeptide skeleton. With the help of gene disruption and heterologous expression, we identified the saccharochelin biosynthetic pathway. The diversity of saccharochelins originates from the flexible specificity of the starter condensation (CS) domain at the beginning of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) toward various fatty acyl substrates. Saccharochelins showed cytotoxicity against several human tumor cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 2.3 to 17 μM. Additionally, the fatty acid side chains of the saccharochelins remarkably affected the cytotoxicity, suggesting changing the N-terminal acyl groups of lipopeptides may be a promising approach to produce more potent derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Shen
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guangzhi Dai
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Vinothkannan Ravichandran
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Haiyan Sui
- Core Facilities for Life and Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiangmei Ren
- Core Facilities for Life and Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoying Bian
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Secondary Metabolites of the Genus Amycolatopsis: Structures, Bioactivities and Biosynthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071884. [PMID: 33810439 PMCID: PMC8037709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes are regarded as important sources for the generation of various bioactive secondary metabolites with rich chemical and bioactive diversities. Amycolatopsis falls under the rare actinomycete genus with the potential to produce antibiotics. In this review, all literatures were searched in the Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed up to March 2021. The keywords used in the search strategy were “Amycolatopsis”, “secondary metabolite”, “new or novel compound”, “bioactivity”, “biosynthetic pathway” and “derivatives”. The objective in this review is to summarize the chemical structures and biological activities of secondary metabolites from the genus Amycolatopsis. A total of 159 compounds derived from 8 known and 18 unidentified species are summarized in this paper. These secondary metabolites are mainly categorized into polyphenols, linear polyketides, macrolides, macrolactams, thiazolyl peptides, cyclic peptides, glycopeptides, amide and amino derivatives, glycoside derivatives, enediyne derivatives and sesquiterpenes. Meanwhile, they mainly showed unique antimicrobial, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, and enzyme inhibition activities. In addition, the biosynthetic pathways of several potent bioactive compounds and derivatives are included and the prospect of the chemical substances obtained from Amycolatopsis is also discussed to provide ideas for their implementation in the field of therapeutics and drug discovery.
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Hydroxamate siderophores: Natural occurrence, chemical synthesis, iron binding affinity and use as Trojan horses against pathogens. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Teo WFA, Lipun K, Srisuk N, Duangmal K. Amycolatopsis acididurans sp. nov., isolated from peat swamp forest soil in Thailand. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 74:199-205. [PMID: 33128034 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-00382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A polyphasic approach was used to describe strain K13G38T, a novel actinomycete isolated from peat swamp forest soil collected from Surat Thani Province, Thailand. The 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the genus Amycolatopsis and showed the highest sequence similarities to both Amycolatopsis acidiphila JCM 30562T and Amycolatopsis bartoniae DSM 45807T (96.8% sequence similarity). Furthermore, strain K13G38T, which formed extensively branched substrate and aerial mycelia, exhibited chemotaxonomical characteristics of the genus Amycolatopsis which included phospholipid pattern type II and cell-wall chemotype IV. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids, and an unidentified aminolipid. MK-9(H4) was a predominant menaquinone of the organism. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0, and C16:0. The genomic DNA size of strain K13G38T was 8.5 Mbp with 69.5 mol% G+C content. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, overall genomic relatedness index and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain K13G38T represents a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, for which the name A. acididurans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is K13G38T (=TBRC 12507T = NBRC 114553T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Fei Aaron Teo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Kenika Lipun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Nantana Srisuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Kannika Duangmal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Singh P, Khan A, Kumar R, Kumar R, Singh VK, Srivastava A. Recent developments in siderotyping: procedure and application. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:178. [PMID: 33128090 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Siderophores are metal chelating secondary metabolites secreted by almost all organisms. Beside iron starvation, the ability to produce siderophores depends upon several other factors. Chemical structure of siderophore is very complex with vast structural diversity, thus the principle challenge involves its detection, quantification, purification and characterisation. Metal chelation is its most fascinating attribute. This metal chelation property is now forming the basis of its application as molecular markers, siderotyping tool for taxonomic clarification, biosensors and bioremediation agents. This has led researchers to develop and continuously modify previous techniques in order to provide accurate and reproducible methods of studying siderophores. Knowledge obtained via computational approaches provides a new horizon in the field of siderophore biosynthetic gene clusters and their interaction with various proteins/peptides. This review illustrates various techniques, bioinformatics tools and databases employed in siderophores' studies, the principle of analytical methods and their recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratika Singh
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, India
| | - Azmi Khan
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, India
| | - Ravinsh Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, India
| | - Amrita Srivastava
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, India.
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Komaki H, Tamura T. Polyketide Synthase and Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Gene Clusters in Type Strains of the Genus Phytohabitans. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:life10110257. [PMID: 33120960 PMCID: PMC7692728 DOI: 10.3390/life10110257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Phytohabitans is a recently established genus belonging to rare actinomycetes. It has been unclear if its members have the capacity to synthesize diverse secondary metabolites. Polyketide and nonribosomal peptide compounds are major secondary metabolites in actinomycetes and expected as a potential source for novel pharmaceuticals. (2) Methods: Whole genomes of Phytohabitans flavus NBRC 107702T, Phytohabitans rumicis NBRC 108638T, Phytohabitans houttuyneae NBRC 108639T, and Phytohabitans suffuscus NBRC 105367T were sequenced by PacBio. Polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene clusters were bioinformatically analyzed in the genome sequences. (3) Results: These four strains harbored 10, 14, 18 and 14 PKS and NRPS gene clusters, respectively. Most of the gene clusters were annotated to synthesis unknown chemistries. (4) Conclusions: Members of the genus Phytohabitans are a possible source for novel and diverse polyketides and nonribosomal peptides.
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Komaki H, Oguchi A, Tamura T, Hamada M, Ichikawa N. Diversity of nonribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase gene clusters in the genus Acrocarpospora. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2020; 66:315-322. [PMID: 32801283 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Acrocarpospora is a rare, recently established actinomycete genus of the family Streptosporangiaceae. In the present study, we sequenced whole genomes of the type strains of Acrocarpospora corrugate, Acrocarpospora macrocephala, and Acrocarpospora pleiomorpha to assess their potency as secondary metabolite producers; we then surveyed their nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters. The genome sizes of A. corrugate NBRC 13972T, A. macrocephala NBRC 16266T, and A. pleiomorpha NBRC 16267T were 9.3 Mb, 12.1 Mb, and 11.8 Mb, respectively. Each genome contained 12-17 modular NRPS and PKS gene clusters. Among the 23 kinds of NRPS and PKS gene clusters identified from the three strains, eight clusters were conserved in all the strains, six were shared between A. macrocephala and A. pleiomorpha, and the remaining nine were strain-specific. We predicted the chemical structures of the products synthesized by these gene clusters based on bioinformatic analyses. Since the chemical structures are diverse, Acrocarpospora strains are considered an attractive source of diverse nonribosomal peptide and polyketide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuki Komaki
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NBRC)
| | | | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NBRC)
| | - Moriyuki Hamada
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NBRC)
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Mügge C, Heine T, Baraibar AG, van Berkel WJH, Paul CE, Tischler D. Flavin-dependent N-hydroxylating enzymes: distribution and application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6481-6499. [PMID: 32504128 PMCID: PMC7347517 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amino groups derived from naturally abundant amino acids or (di)amines can be used as "shuttles" in nature for oxygen transfer to provide intermediates or products comprising N-O functional groups such as N-hydroxy, oxazine, isoxazolidine, nitro, nitrone, oxime, C-, S-, or N-nitroso, and azoxy units. To this end, molecular oxygen is activated by flavin, heme, or metal cofactor-containing enzymes and transferred to initially obtain N-hydroxy compounds, which can be further functionalized. In this review, we focus on flavin-dependent N-hydroxylating enzymes, which play a major role in the production of secondary metabolites, such as siderophores or antimicrobial agents. Flavoprotein monooxygenases of higher organisms (among others, in humans) can interact with nitrogen-bearing secondary metabolites or are relevant with respect to detoxification metabolism and are thus of importance to understand potential medical applications. Many enzymes that catalyze N-hydroxylation reactions have specific substrate scopes and others are rather relaxed. The subsequent conversion towards various N-O or N-N comprising molecules is also described. Overall, flavin-dependent N-hydroxylating enzymes can accept amines, diamines, amino acids, amino sugars, and amino aromatic compounds and thus provide access to versatile families of compounds containing the N-O motif. Natural roles as well as synthetic applications are highlighted. Key points • N-O and N-N comprising natural and (semi)synthetic products are highlighted. • Flavin-based NMOs with respect to mechanism, structure, and phylogeny are reviewed. • Applications in natural product formation and synthetic approaches are provided. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Mügge
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry and Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Alvaro Gomez Baraibar
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Rottendorf Pharma GmbH, Ostenfelder Str. 51-61, 59320, Ennigerloh, Germany
| | - Willem J H van Berkel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline E Paul
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, HZ 2629, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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Thompson D, Cognat V, Goodfellow M, Koechler S, Heintz D, Carapito C, Van Dorsselaer A, Mahmoud H, Sangal V, Ismail W. Phylogenomic Classification and Biosynthetic Potential of the Fossil Fuel-Biodesulfurizing Rhodococcus Strain IGTS8. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1417. [PMID: 32733398 PMCID: PMC7358434 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodococcus strain IGTS8 is the most extensively studied model bacterium for biodesulfurization of fossil fuels via the non–destructive sulfur–specific 4S pathway. This strain was initially assigned to Rhodococcus rhodochrous and later to Rhodococcus erythropolis thus making its taxonomic status debatable and reflecting the limited resolution of methods available at the time. In this study, phylogenomic analyses of the whole genome sequences of strain IGTS8 and closely related rhodococci showed that R. erythropolis and Rhodococcus qingshengii are very closely related species, that Rhodococcus strain IGTS8 is a R. qingshengii strain and that several strains identified as R. erythropolis should be re-classified as R. qingshengii. The genomes of strains assigned to these species contain potentially novel biosynthetic gene clusters showing that members of these taxa should be given greater importance in the search for new antimicrobials and other industrially important biomolecules. The plasmid-borne dsz operon encoding fossil fuel desulfurization enzymes was present in R. qingshengii IGTS8 and R. erythropolis XP suggesting that it might be transferable between members of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Thompson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Valérie Cognat
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael Goodfellow
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Koechler
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dimitri Heintz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Carapito
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-organique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-organique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Huda Mahmoud
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Vartul Sangal
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Wael Ismail
- Environmental Biotechnology Program, Life Sciences Department, College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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Abstract
Natural nonproteinogenic amino acids vastly outnumber the well-known 22 proteinogenic amino acids. Such amino acids are generated in specialized metabolic pathways. In these pathways, diverse biosynthetic transformations, ranging from isomerizations to the stereospecific functionalization of C-H bonds, are employed to generate structural diversity. The resulting nonproteinogenic amino acids can be integrated into more complex natural products. Here we review recently discovered biosynthetic routes to freestanding nonproteinogenic α-amino acids, with an emphasis on work reported between 2013 and mid-2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Hedges
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katherine S Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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13
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Yan JX, Chevrette MG, Braun DR, Harper MK, Currie CR, Bugni TS. Madurastatin D1 and D2, Oxazoline Containing Siderophores Isolated from an Actinomadura sp.. Org Lett 2019; 21:6275-6279. [PMID: 31380646 PMCID: PMC6941472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two new siderophores, madurastatin D1 and D2, together with (-)-madurastatin C1, the enantiomer of a known compound, were isolated from marine-derived Actinomadura sp. The presence of an unusual 4-imidazolidinone ring in madurastatins D1 and D2 inspired us to sequence the Actinomadura sp. genome and to identify the mad biosynthetic gene cluster, knowledge of which enables us to now propose a biosynthetic pathway. Madurastatin D1 and D2 are moderately active in antimicrobial assays with M. luteus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xuan Yan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Marc G. Chevrette
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 G Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Doug R. Braun
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Mary Kay Harper
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Cameron R. Currie
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Tim S. Bugni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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Baldeweg F, Warncke P, Fischer D, Gressler M. Fungal Biosurfactants from Mortierella alpina. Org Lett 2019; 21:1444-1448. [PMID: 30789272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The zygomycete Mortierella alpina is a well-known producer of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food industry. Two series of its secondary metabolites are reported: Malpinins, a family of amphiphilic acetylated hexapeptides, were chemically characterized and serve as natural emulsifiers during lipid secretion. Additionally, hydrophobic cyclopentapeptides, malpibaldins, were structurally elucidated by NMR experiments, and their absolute stereochemistry was elucidated through chemical derivatization and synthesis. This work highlights lower fungi as a novel reservoir for natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Baldeweg
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute , Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Winzerlaer Strasse 2 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Paul Warncke
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Lessingstrasse 8 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Lessingstrasse 8 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Markus Gressler
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute , Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Winzerlaer Strasse 2 , 07745 Jena , Germany
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15
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Niehs SP, Dose B, Scherlach K, Roth M, Hertweck C. Genomics-Driven Discovery of a Symbiont-Specific Cyclopeptide from Bacteria Residing in the Rice Seedling Blight Fungus. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2167-2172. [PMID: 30113119 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The rice seedling blight fungus Rhizopus microsporus harbors endosymbiotic bacteria (Burkholderia rhizoxinica) that produce the virulence factor rhizoxin and control host development. Genome mining indicated a massive inventory of cryptic nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes, which have not yet been linked to any natural products. The discovery and full characterization of a novel cyclopeptide from endofungal bacteria is reported. In silico analysis of an orphan, symbiont-specific NRPS predicted the structure of a nonribosomal peptide, which was targeted by LC-MS/MS profiling of wild-type and engineered null mutants. NMR spectroscopy and chemical derivatization elucidated the structure of the bacterial cyclopeptide. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the relationship of starter C domains for rare N-acetyl-capped peptides. Heptarhizin is produced under symbiotic conditions in geographically constrained strains from the Pacific clade; this indicates a potential ecological role of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Niehs
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dose
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Roth
- BioPilotPlant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
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16
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Wu Q, Deering RW, Zhang G, Wang B, Li X, Sun J, Chen J, Zhang H, Rowley DC, Wang H. Albisporachelin, a New Hydroxamate Type Siderophore from the Deep Ocean Sediment-Derived Actinomycete Amycolatopsisalbispora WP1 T. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16060199. [PMID: 29875351 PMCID: PMC6024995 DOI: 10.3390/md16060199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine actinobacteria continue to be a rich source for the discovery of structurally diverse secondary metabolites. Here we present a new hydroxymate siderophore produced by Amycolatopsis albispora, a recently described species of this less explored actinomycete genus. Strain WP1T was isolated from sediments collected at −2945 m in the Indian Ocean. The new siderophore, designated albisporachelin, was isolated from iron depleted culture broths and the structure was established by 1D and 2D NMR and MS/MS experiments, and application of a modified Marfey’s method. Albisporachelin is composed of one N-methylated-formylated/hydroxylated l-ornithine (N-Me-fh-l-Orn), one l-serine (l-Ser), one formylated/hydroxylated l-ornithine (fh-l-Orn) and a cyclo-N-methylated-hydroxylated l-ornithine (cyclo-N-Me-h-l-Orn).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Robert W Deering
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Gaiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Bixia Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jiadong Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Jianwei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Huawei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - David C Rowley
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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17
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Sánchez-Hidalgo M, González I, Díaz-Muñoz C, Martínez G, Genilloud O. Comparative Genomics and Biosynthetic Potential Analysis of Two Lichen-Isolated Amycolatopsis Strains. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:369. [PMID: 29593664 PMCID: PMC5859366 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes have been extensively exploited as one of the most prolific secondary metabolite-producer sources and continue to be in the focus of interest in the constant search of novel bioactive compounds. The availability of less expensive next generation genome sequencing techniques has not only confirmed the extraordinary richness and broad distribution of silent natural product biosynthetic gene clusters among these bacterial genomes, but also has allowed the incorporation of genomics in bacterial taxonomy and systematics. As part of our efforts to isolate novel strains from unique environments, we explored lichen-associated microbial communities as unique assemblages to be studied as potential sources of novel bioactive natural products with application in biotechnology and drug discovery. In this work, we have studied the whole genome sequences of two new Amycolatopsis strains (CA-126428 and CA-128772) isolated from tropical lichens, and performed a comparative genomic analysis with 41 publicly available Amycolatopsis genomes. This work has not only permitted to infer and discuss their taxonomic position on the basis of the different phylogenetic approaches used, but has also allowed to assess the richness and uniqueness of the biosynthetic pathways associated to primary and secondary metabolism, and to provide a first insight on the potential role of these bacteria in the lichen-associated microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio González
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristian Díaz-Muñoz
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
| | - Germán Martínez
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
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18
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Bufkin K, Sobrado P. Characterization of the Ornithine Hydroxylation Step in Albachelin Biosynthesis. Molecules 2017; 22:E1652. [PMID: 28974024 PMCID: PMC6151521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Hydroxylating monooxygenases (NMOs) are involved in siderophore biosynthesis. Siderophores are high affinity iron chelators composed of catechol and hydroxamate functional groups that are synthesized and secreted by microorganisms and plants. Recently, a new siderophore named albachelin was isolated from a culture of Amycolatopsis alba growing under iron-limiting conditions. This work focuses on the expression, purification, and characterization of the NMO, abachelin monooxygenase (AMO) from A. alba. This enzyme was purified and characterized in its holo (FAD-bound) and apo (FAD-free) forms. The apo-AMO could be reconstituted by addition of free FAD. The two forms of AMO hydroxylate ornithine, while lysine increases oxidase activity but is not hydroxylated and display low affinity for NADPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Bufkin
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Pablo Sobrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
- Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Organophosphonic acids are unique as natural products in terms of stability and mimicry. The C-P bond that defines these compounds resists hydrolytic cleavage, while the phosphonyl group is a versatile mimic of transition-states, intermediates, and primary metabolites. This versatility may explain why a variety of organisms have extensively explored the use organophosphonic acids as bioactive secondary metabolites. Several of these compounds, such as fosfomycin and bialaphos, figure prominently in human health and agriculture. The enzyme reactions that create these molecules are an interesting mix of chemistry that has been adopted from primary metabolism as well as those with no chemical precedent. Additionally, the phosphonate moiety represents a source of inorganic phosphate to microorganisms that live in environments that lack this nutrient; thus, unusual enzyme reactions have also evolved to cleave the C-P bond. This review is a comprehensive summary of the occurrence and function of organophosphonic acids natural products along with the mechanisms of the enzymes that synthesize and catabolize these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff P Horsman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - David L Zechel
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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20
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Ferreira D, Seca AML, C G A D, Silva AMS. Targeting human pathogenic bacteria by siderophores: A proteomics review. J Proteomics 2016; 145:153-166. [PMID: 27109355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human bacterial infections are still a major public health problem throughout the world. Therefore it is fundamental to understand how pathogenic bacteria interact with their human host and to develop more advanced drugs or vaccines in response to the increasing bacterial resistance. Since iron is essential to bacterial survival and growth inside the host tissues, these microorganisms have developed highly efficient iron-acquisition systems; the most common one involves the secretion of iron chelators into the extracellular environment, known as siderophores, and the corresponding siderophore-membrane receptors or transporters responsible for the iron uptake. In the past few decades, several biochemical methods and genetic screens have been employed to track down and identify these iron-scavenging molecules. However, compared with the previous "static" approaches, proteomic identification is revealing far more molecules through full protein mapping and becoming more rapid and selective, leading the scientific and medical community to consider standardizing proteomic tools for clinical biomarker detection of bacterial infectious diseases. In this review, we focus on human pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and discuss the importance of siderophores in their virulence and the available proteomic strategies to identify siderophore-related proteins and their expression level under different growth conditions. The promising use of siderophore antibiotics to overcome bacterial resistance and the future of proteomics in the routine clinical care are also mentioned. SIGNIFICANCE Proteomic strategies to identify siderophore-related proteins and their expression level can be helpful to control and/or find a cure of infectious deseases especially if related with multidrug resistance. Siderophores are low-molecular-weight compounds produced by bacteria which can become clinical biomarkers and/or antibiotics used mainly in "Trojan horse" type strategies. Due to the above mention we think that the promising use of siderophore to overcome bacterial resistance and the future of proteomics in the routine clinical care is a hot topic that should be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M L Seca
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Technologic Sciences and Development, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Diana C G A
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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21
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Komaki H, Ichikawa N, Oguchi A, Hamada M, Tamura T, Fujita N. Genome-based analysis of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and type-I polyketide synthase gene clusters in all type strains of the genus Herbidospora. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:548. [PMID: 26452464 PMCID: PMC4599437 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Herbidospora comprises actinomycetes belonging to the family Streptosporangiaceae and currently contains five recognized species. Although other genera of this family often produce bioactive secondary metabolites, Herbidospora strains have not yet been reported to produce secondary metabolites. In the present study, to assess their potential as secondary metabolite producers, we sequenced the whole genomes of the five type strains and searched for the presence of their non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and type-I polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters. These clusters are involved in the major secondary metabolite–synthetic pathways in actinomycetes. Results The genome sizes of Herbidospora cretacea NBRC 15474T, Herbidospora mongoliensis NBRC 105882T, Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T, Herbidospora daliensis NBRC 106372T and Herbidospora sakaeratensis NBRC 102641T were 8.3, 9.0, 7.9, 8.5 and 8.6 Mb, respectively. They contained 15–18 modular NRPS and PKS gene clusters. Thirty-two NRPS and PKS pathways were identified, among which 9 pathways were conserved in all 5 strains, 8 were shared in 2–4 strains, and the remaining 15 were strain-specific. We predicted the chemical backbone structures of non-ribosomal peptides and polyketides synthesized by these gene clusters, based on module number and domain organization of NRPSs and PKSs. The relationship between 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogeny of the five strains and the distribution of their NRPS and PKS gene clusters were also discussed. Conclusions The genomes of Herbidospora strains carry as many NRPS and PKS gene clusters, whose products are yet to be isolated, as those of Streptomyces. Herbidospora members should synthesize large and diverse metabolites, many of whose chemical structures are yet to be reported. In addition to those conserved within this genus, each strain possesses many strain-specific gene clusters, suggesting the diversity of these pathways. This diversity could be accounted for by genus-level vertical inheritance and recent acquisition of these gene clusters during evolution. This genome analysis suggested that Herbidospora strains are an untapped and attractive source of novel secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuki Komaki
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NBRC), 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan.
| | | | - Akio Oguchi
- NBRC, 2-49-10 Nishihara, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-0066, Japan.
| | - Moriyuki Hamada
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NBRC), 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NBRC), 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Fujita
- NBRC, 2-49-10 Nishihara, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-0066, Japan.
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22
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Structure determination of a siderophore peucechelin from Streptomyces peucetius. Biometals 2015; 28:791-801. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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