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Chowdhury MSI, Kras EA, Turowski SG, Spernyak JA, Morrow JR. Liposomal MRI probes containing encapsulated or amphiphilic Fe(III) coordination complexes. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5942-5954. [PMID: 37470467 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00029j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes containing high-spin Fe(III) coordination complexes were prepared towards the production of T1 MRI probes with improved relaxivity. The amphiphilic Fe(III) complexes were anchored into the liposome with two alkyl chains to give a coordination sphere containing mixed amide and hydroxypropyl pendant groups. The encapsulated complex contains a macrocyclic ligand with three phosphonate pendants, [Fe(NOTP)]3-, which was chosen for its good aqueous solubility. Four types of MRI probes were prepared including those with intraliposomal Fe(III) complex (LipoA) alone, amphiphilic Fe(III) complex (LipoB), both intraliposomal and amphiphilic complex (LipoC) or micelles formed with amphiphilic complex. Water proton relaxivities r1 and r2 were measured and compared to a small molecule macrocyclic Fe(III) complex containing similar donor groups. Micelles of the amphiphilic Fe(III) complex had proton relaxivity values (r1 = 2.6 mM-1 s-1) that were four times higher than the small hydrophilic analog. Liposomes with amphiphilic Fe(III) complex (LipoB) have a per iron relaxivity of 2.6 mM-1 s-1 at pH 7.2, 34 °C at 1.4 T whereas liposomes containing both amphiphilic and intraliposomal Fe(III) complexes (lipoC) have r1 of 0.58 mM-1 s-1 on a per iron basis consistent with quenching of the interior Fe(III) complex relaxivity. Liposomes containing only encapsulated [Fe(NOTP)]3- have a lowered r1 of 0.65 mM-1 s-1 per iron complex. Studies show that the biodistribution and clearance of the different types liposomal nanoparticles differ greatly. LipoB is a blood pool agent with a long circulation time whereas lipoC is cleared more rapidly through both renal and hepatobiliary pathways. These clearance differences are consistent with lower stability of LipoC compared to LipoB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful I Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Kras
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Steven G Turowski
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, USA.
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Khan MS, Buzdar SA, Hussain R, Alouffi A, Aleem MT, Farhab M, Javid MA, Akhtar RW, Khan I, Almutairi MM. Cobalt Iron Oxide (CoFe 2O 4) Nanoparticles Induced Toxicity in Rabbits. Vet Sci 2023; 10:514. [PMID: 37624302 PMCID: PMC10459303 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The market for nanoparticles has grown significantly over the past few decades due to a number of unique qualities, including antibacterial capabilities. It is still unclear how nanoparticle toxicity works. In order to ascertain the toxicity of synthetic cobalt iron oxide (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (CIONPs) in rabbits, this study was carried out. Sixteen rabbits in total were purchased from the neighborhood market and divided into two groups (A and B), each of which contained eight rabbits. The CIONPs were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Crystallinity and phase identification were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average size of the nanoparticles (13.2 nm) was calculated by Scherrer formula (Dhkl = 0.9 λ/β cos θ) and confirmed by TEM images. The saturation magnetization, 50.1 emug-1, was measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). CIONPs were investigated as contrast agents (CA) for magnetic resonance images (MRI). The relaxivity (r = 1/T) of the MRI was also investigated at a field strength of 0.35 T (Tesla), and the ratio r2/r1 for the CIONPs contrast agent was 6.63. The CIONPs were administrated intravenously into the rabbits through the ear vein. Blood was collected at days 5 and 10 post-exposure for hematological and serum biochemistry analyses. The intensities of the signal experienced by CA with CIONPs were 1427 for the liver and 1702 for the spleen. The treated group showed significantly lower hematological parameters, but significantly higher total white blood cell counts and neutrophils. The results of the serum biochemistry analyses showed significantly higher and lower quantities of different serum biochemical parameters in the treated rabbits at day 10 of the trial. At the microscopic level, different histological ailments were observed in the visceral organs of treated rabbits, including the liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, and brain. In conclusion, the results revealed that cobalt iron oxide (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles induced toxicity via alterations in multiple tissues of rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid Khan
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (M.S.K.); (S.A.B.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Saeed Ahmad Buzdar
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (M.S.K.); (S.A.B.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Alouffi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Tahir Aleem
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA;
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Muhammad Farhab
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Muhammad Arshad Javid
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (M.S.K.); (S.A.B.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Rana Waseem Akhtar
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Sub-Campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Mashal M. Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Morrow JR, Raymond JJ, Chowdhury MSI, Sahoo PR. Redox-Responsive MRI Probes Based on First-Row Transition-Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14487-14499. [PMID: 36067522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence of multiple oxidation and spin states of first-row transition-metal complexes facilitates the development of switchable MRI probes. Redox-responsive probes capitalize on a change in the magnetic properties of the different oxidation states of the paramagnetic metal ion center upon exposure to biological oxidants and reductants. Transition-metal complexes that are useful for MRI can be categorized according to whether they accelerate water proton relaxation (T1 or T2 agents), induce paramagnetic shifts of 1H or 19F resonances (paraSHIFT agents), or are chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) agents. The various oxidation state couples and their properties as MRI probes are summarized with a focus on Co(II)/Co(III) or Fe(II)/Fe(III) complexes as small molecules or as liposomal agents. Solution studies of these MRI probes are reviewed with an emphasis on redox changes upon treatment with oxidants or with enzymes that are physiologically important in inflammation and disease. Finally, we outline the challenges of developing these probes further for in vivo MRI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jaclyn J Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Md Saiful I Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Priya Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
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Nwasike C, Purr E, Yoo E, Nagi JS, Doiron AL. Activatable Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Redox-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent Candidates Capable of Detecting Inflammation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:69. [PMID: 33467028 PMCID: PMC7829999 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of activatable magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents has prompted significant interest in the detection of functional markers of diseases, resulting in the creation of a plethora of nanoprobes capable of detecting these biomarkers. These markers are commonly dysregulated in several chronic diseases, specifically select cancers and inflammatory diseases. Recently, the development of redox-sensitive nanoparticle-based contrast agents has gained momentum given advances in medicine linking several inflammatory diseases to redox imbalance. Researchers have pinpointed redox dysregulation as an opportunity to use activatable MR contrast agents to detect and stage several diseases as well as monitor the treatment of inflammatory diseases or conditions. These new classes of agents represent an advancement in the field of MR imaging as they elicit a response to stimuli, creating contrast while providing evidence of biomarker changes and commensurate disease state. Most redox-sensitive nanoparticle-based contrast agents are sensitive to reductive glutathione or oxidative reactive oxygen species. In this review, we will explore recent investigations into redox-activatable, nanoparticle-based MR contrast agent candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuazam Nwasike
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Erin Purr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Eunsoo Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Jaspreet Singh Nagi
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Amber L. Doiron
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
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Álvarez-Miguel L, Álvarez-Miguel I, Martín-Álvarez JM, Álvarez CM, Rogez G, García-Rodríguez R, Miguel D. Copper complexes for the promotion of iminopyridine ligands derived from β-alanine and self-aldol additions: relaxivity and cytotoxic properties. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17544-17555. [PMID: 31748774 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the study presented herein, we explore the ability of copper complexes with coordinated pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (pyca) or 2-acetylpyridine (acepy) ligands to promote the addition of amines (Schiff condensation) and other nucleophiles such as alcohols (hemiacetal formation). Distinct reactivity patterns are observed: unlike pyca complexes, acepy copper complexes can promote self-aldol addition. The introduction of a flexible chain via Schiff condensation with β-alanine allows the possibility of chelate ring ring-opening processes mediated by pH. Further derivatization of the complex [CuCl(py-2-C(H)[double bond, length as m-dash]NCH2CH2COO)] is possible by replacing its chloride ligand with different pseudohalogens (N3-, NCO- and NCS-). In addition to the change in their magnetism, which correlates with their solid-state structures, more unexpected effects in their cytotoxicity and relaxitivities are observed, which determines their possibility to be used as MRI contrast agents. The replacement of a chloride by another pseudohalogen, although a simple strategy, can be used to critically change the cytotoxicity of the Schiff base copper(ii) complex and its selectivity towards specific cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Álvarez-Miguel
- GIR MIOMET-IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belen 7, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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Taschner IS, Walker TL, DeHaan HS, Schrage BR, Ziegler CJ, Taschner MJ. Synthesis, Characterization, and Copper(II) Chelates of 1,11-Dithia-4,8-diazacyclotetradecane. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11091-11102. [PMID: 31454235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of 1,11-dithia-4,8-diazacyclotetradecane (L1), a constitutional isomer of the macrocyclic [14]aneN2S2 series, is accompanied with reaction and method optimization. Chelation of L1 with copper(II) provided assessment of lattice packing, ring contortion, and evidence of conformational fluxionality in solution through two unique crystal structures: L1Cu(ClO4)2 and [(L1Cu)2μ-Cl](ClO4)3. Multiple synthetic approaches are presented, supplemented with reaction methodology and reagent screening to access [14]aneN2S2 L1. Reductive alkylation of bis-tosyl-cystamine was integrated into the synthetic route, eliminating the use and isolation of volatile thiols and streamlining the synthetic scale-up. Late-stage cleavage of protecting sulfonamides was addressed using reductive N-S cleavage to furnish macrocyclic freebase L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Taschner
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University Northwest , Gary , Indiana 46408 , United States
| | - Tia L Walker
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University Northwest , Gary , Indiana 46408 , United States
| | - Hunter S DeHaan
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University Northwest , Gary , Indiana 46408 , United States
| | - Briana R Schrage
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Christopher J Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Michael J Taschner
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
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Pinto SM, Tomé V, Calvete MJ, Castro MMC, Tóth É, Geraldes CF. Metal-based redox-responsive MRI contrast agents. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Niedbalski P, Parish C, Wang Q, Hayati Z, Song L, Martins AF, Sherry AD, Lumata L. Transition Metal Doping Reveals Link between Electron T 1 Reduction and 13C Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Efficiency. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9221-9228. [PMID: 29125294 PMCID: PMC5793213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Optimal efficiency of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is essential to provide the required high sensitivity enhancements for in vitro and in vivo hyperpolarized 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging (MRI). At the nexus of the DNP process are the free electrons, which provide the high spin alignment that is transferred to the nuclear spins. Without changing DNP instrumental conditions, one way to improve 13C DNP efficiency is by adding trace amounts of paramagnetic additives such as lanthanide (e.g., Gd3+, Ho3+, Dy3+, Tb3+) complexes to the DNP sample, which has been observed to increase solid-state 13C DNP signals by 100-250%. Herein, we have investigated the effects of paramagnetic transition metal complex R-NOTA (R = Mn2+, Cu2+, Co2+) doping on the efficiency of 13C DNP using trityl OX063 as the polarizing agent. Our DNP results at 3.35 T and 1.2 K show that doping the 13C sample with 3 mM Mn2+-NOTA led to a substantial improvement of the solid-state 13C DNP signal by a factor of nearly 3. However, the other transition metal complexes Cu2+-NOTA and Co2+-NOTA complexes, despite their paramagnetic nature, had essentially no impact on solid-state 13C DNP enhancement. W-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements reveal that the trityl OX063 electron T1 was significantly reduced in Mn2+-doped samples but not in Cu2+- and Co2+-doped DNP samples. This work demonstrates, for the first time, that not all paramagnetic additives are beneficial to DNP. In particular, our work provides a direct evidence that electron T1 reduction of the polarizing agent by a paramagnetic additive is an essential requirement for the improvement seen in solid-state 13C DNP signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Niedbalski
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Christopher Parish
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Zahra Hayati
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Likai Song
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - André F. Martins
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Lloyd Lumata
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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Tishchenko K, Beloglazkina E, Proskurnin M, Malinnikov V, Guk D, Muratova M, Krasnovskaya O, Udina A, Skvortsov D, Shafikov RR, Ivanenkov Y, Aladinskiy V, Sorokin I, Gromov O, Majouga A, Zyk N. New copper(II) thiohydantoin complexes: Synthesis, characterization, and assessment of their interaction with bovine serum albumin and DNA. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 175:190-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique with widespread use in diagnosis. Frequently, contrast in MRI is enhanced with the aid of a contrast agent, among which smart, responsive, OFF/ON or activatable probes are of particular interest. These kinds of probes elicit a response to selective stimuli, evidencing the presence of enzymes or acidic pH, for instance. In this review, we will focus on smart probes that are detectable by both 1H and 19F MRI, frequently based on nanomaterials. We will discuss the triggering factors and the strategies employed thus far to activate each probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Carril
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
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