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Mosconi M, Carlotto E, Caliogna L, Berni M, Gastaldi G, Conti M, Brancato AM, Bina V, Minervini D, Malpede S, Stellato AC, Lazzerini F, Bruschini L, Benazzo M, Canzi P. Titanium Biohybrid Middle Ear Prostheses: A Preliminary In Vitro Study. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:561. [PMID: 38132815 PMCID: PMC10743766 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14120561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ossiculoplasty is a surgical operation performed to restore auditory transmission through the reconstruction of the ossicular chain using prosthetics. Tissue bioengineering has assumed a pivotal role in implementing alternatives to conventional ossicular middle ear replacement prostheses, to overcome extrusion while preserving acoustic properties. This in vitro study aims to explore, for the first time in current literature, the feasibility of a biohybrid middle ear prosthesis, composed of titanium surrounded by a bone extracellular matrix as bio-coating. We have hereby studied the adhesion and proliferation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASC) on titanium scaffolds in vitro. Moreover, we identified the osteogenic differentiation of hASC using an immunofluorescence assay to analyze osteoblasts' gene expression profiles (Alp, Runx2, Col1a1, Osx, and Bglap), and we counted the presence of collagen as a marker of hASC's ability to secrete an extracellular matrix. We utilized scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the presence of an extracellular matrix on the scaffolds. Our preliminary data demonstrated the titanium's ability to support human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell colonization, proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation, in order to obtain a biohybrid device. Our experience seems encouraging; thus, we advocate for further in vivo research to corroborate our results regarding bone transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mosconi
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Carlotto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Caliogna
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Micaela Berni
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Gastaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Centre for Health Technologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Conti
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DICAr), University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Maria Brancato
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Bina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Domenico Minervini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Malpede
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara Stellato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Lazzerini
- Otolaryngology, ENT Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Bruschini
- Otolaryngology, ENT Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Benazzo
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Canzi
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Contessi Negrini N, Ricci C, Bongiorni F, Trombi L, D’Alessandro D, Danti S, Farè S. An Osteosarcoma Model by 3D Printed Polyurethane Scaffold and In Vitro Generated Bone Extracellular Matrix. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14082003. [PMID: 35454909 PMCID: PMC9025808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Development of new therapeutics to treat osteosarcoma is fundamental to decreasing its current health impact. 3D in vitro models are gaining tremendous momentum as, compared to traditional 2D in vitro models and in vivo models, can speed up new treatment discovery and provide clarification of the pathology development, by ultimately offering a reproducible and biomimetic tool. However, engineering a 3D osteosarcoma in vitro model is challenging, since the reliability of the models strictly depends on their ability to correctly mimic the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of the pathological tissue to be replicated. Here, we designed 3D printed polyurethane scaffolds enriched by in vitro pre-generated bone extracellular matrix, synthesized by osteo-differentiated human mesenchymal stromal cells, to replicate in vitro an osteosarcoma model, which can be potentially used to study tumor progression and to assess new treatments. Abstract Osteosarcoma is a primary bone tumor characterized by a dismal prognosis, especially in the case of recurrent disease or metastases. Therefore, tools to understand in-depth osteosarcoma progression and ultimately develop new therapeutics are urgently required. 3D in vitro models can provide an optimal option, as they are highly reproducible, yet sufficiently complex, thus reliable alternatives to 2D in vitro and in vivo models. Here, we describe 3D in vitro osteosarcoma models prepared by printing polyurethane (PU) by fused deposition modeling, further enriched with human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC)-secreted biomolecules. We printed scaffolds with different morphologies by changing their design (i.e., the distance between printed filaments and printed patterns) to obtain different pore geometry, size, and distribution. The printed PU scaffolds were stable during in vitro cultures, showed adequate porosity (55–67%) and tunable mechanical properties (Young’s modulus ranging in 0.5–4.0 MPa), and resulted in cytocompatible. We developed the in vitro model by seeding SAOS-2 cells on the optimal PU scaffold (i.e., 0.7 mm inter-filament distance, 60° pattern), by testing different pre-conditioning factors: none, undifferentiated hMSC-secreted, and osteo-differentiated hMSC-secreted extracellular matrix (ECM), which were obtained by cell lysis before SAOS-2 seeding. Scaffolds pre-cultured with osteo-differentiated hMSCs, subsequently lysed, and seeded with SAOS-2 cells showed optimal colonization, thus disclosing a suitable biomimetic microenvironment for osteosarcoma cells, which can be useful both in tumor biology study and, possibly, treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Contessi Negrini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: (N.C.N.); (S.D.)
| | - Claudio Ricci
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Federica Bongiorni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Luisa Trombi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Delfo D’Alessandro
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (N.C.N.); (S.D.)
| | - Silvia Farè
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (S.F.)
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Bahmad F, Perdigão AG. Titanium prostheses versus stapes columella type 3 tympanoplasty: a comparative prospective study. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 88:562-569. [PMID: 32972867 PMCID: PMC9422578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tympanoplasty is a surgical procedure designed to reconstruct the mechanisms of sound transmission in the middle ear. Objective Analyze, from an audiological point of view, patients with chronic otitis media undergoing type 3 tympanoplasty major columella with total ossicular replacement titanium prosthesis or with cartilage graft stapes columella. Methods This is a prospective analytical study, carried out at the otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic in a tertiary care hospital, through the evaluation of 26 patients with chronic otitis media who underwent tympanoplasty using different materials for auditory rehabilitation such as titanium prostheses or cartilage autografts. Results There was no statistically significant association between the group factors (cartilage or titanium reconstruction) and preoperative variables. There was no statistically significant association between the postoperative characteristics of the patients and the type of reconstruction. Neither subjective improvement (hearing improvement) nor residual perforation were associated with a type of material. The via factor was the only one that showed a statistically significant difference once air-conduction pathway improved more than bone-conduction pathway, decreasing the air-bone gap. Conclusion There was no statistical difference between the two groups in relation to the audiometric improvement. There was hearing improvement in both groups. More studies must be done with a longer follow-up to better evaluate the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez Bahmad
- Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Milazzo M, Jung GS, Danti S, Buehler MJ. Mechanics of Mineralized Collagen Fibrils upon Transient Loads. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8307-8316. [PMID: 32603087 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is a key structural protein in the human body, which undergoes mineralization during the formation of hard tissues. Earlier studies have described the mechanical behavior of bone at different scales, highlighting material features across hierarchical structures. Here we present a study that aims to understand the mechanical properties of mineralized collagen fibrils upon tensile/compressive transient loads, investigating how the kinetic energy propagates and it is dissipated at the molecular scale, thus filling a gap of knowledge in this area. These specific features are the mechanisms that nature has developed to passively dissipate stress and prevent structural failures. In addition to the mechanical properties of the mineralized fibrils, we observe distinct nanomechanical behaviors for the two regions (i.e., overlap and gap) of the D-period to highlight the effect of the mineralization. We notice decreasing trends for both wave speeds and Young's moduli over input velocity with a marked strengthening effect in the gap region due to the accumulation of the hydroxyapatite. In contrast, the dissipative behavior is not affected by either loading conditions or the mineral percentage, showing a stronger damping effect upon faster inputs compatible to the bone behavior at the macroscale. Our results offer insights into the dissipative behavior of mineralized collagen composites to design and characterize bioinspired composites for replacement devices (e.g., prostheses for sound transmission or conduction) or optimized structures able to bear transient loads, for example, impact, fatigue, in structural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Milazzo
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Su periore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gang Seob Jung
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Serena Danti
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Su periore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Schwarzman College of Computing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Milazzo M, Jung GS, Danti S, Buehler MJ. Wave Propagation and Energy Dissipation in Collagen Molecules. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1367-1374. [PMID: 33455394 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the key protein of connective tissue (i.e., skin, tendons and ligaments, and cartilage, among others), accounting for 25-35% of the whole-body protein content and conferring mechanical stability. This protein is also a fundamental building block of bone because of its excellent mechanical properties together with carbonated hydroxyapatite minerals. Although the mechanical resilience and viscoelasticity have been studied both in vitro and in vivo from the molecular to tissue level, wave propagation properties and energy dissipation have not yet been deeply explored, in spite of being crucial to understanding the vibration dynamics of collagenous structures (e.g., eardrum, cochlear membranes) upon impulsive loads. By using a bottom-up atomistic modeling approach, here we study a collagen peptide under two distinct impulsive displacement loads, including longitudinal and transversal inputs. Using a one-dimensional string model as a model system, we investigate the roles of hydration and load direction on wave propagation along the collagen peptide and the related energy dissipation. We find that wave transmission and energy-dissipation strongly depend on the loading direction. Also, the hydrated collagen peptide can dissipate five times more energy than dehydrated one. Our work suggests a distinct role of collagen in term of wave transmission of different tissues such as tendon and eardrum. This study can step toward understanding the mechanical behavior of collagen upon transient loads, impact loading and fatigue, and designing biomimetic and bioinspired materials to replace specific native tissues such as the tympanic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Milazzo
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Gang Seob Jung
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Serena Danti
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy.,Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Milazzo M, Muyshondt PGG, Carstensen J, Dirckx JJJ, Danti S, Buehler MJ. De novo topology optimization of total ossicular replacement prostheses. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 103:103541. [PMID: 31786510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conductive hearing loss, due to middle ear pathologies or traumas, affects more than 5% of the population worldwide. Passive prostheses to replace the ossicular chain mainly rely on piston-like titanium and/or hydroxyapatite devices, which in the long term suffer from extrusion. Although the basic shape of such devices always consists of a base for contact with the eardrum and a stem to have mechanical connection with the residual bony structures, a plethora of topologies have been proposed, mainly to help surgical positioning. In this work, we optimize the topology of a total ossicular replacement prosthesis, by maximizing the global stiffness and under the smallest possible volume constraint that ensures material continuity. This investigation optimizes the prosthesis topology in response to static displacement loads with amplitudes that normally occur during sound stimulation in a frequency range between 100 Hz and 10 kHz. Following earlier studies, we discuss how the presence and arrangement of holes on the surface of the prosthesis plate in contact with the umbo affect the overall geometry. Finally, we validate the designs through a finite-element model, in which we assess the prosthesis performance upon dynamic sound pressure loads by considering four different constitutive materials: titanium, cortical bone, silk, and collagen/hydroxyapatite. The results show that the selected prostheses present, almost independently of their constitutive material, a vibroacustic behavior close to that of the native ossicular chain, with a slight almost constant positive shift that reaches a maximum of ≈5 dB close to 1 kHz. This work represents a reference for the development of a new generation of middle ear prostheses with non-conventional topologies for fabrication via additive manufacturing technologies or ultraprecision machining in order to create patient-specific devices to recover from conductive hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Milazzo
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, PI, Italy
| | - Pieter G G Muyshondt
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biomedical Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Josephine Carstensen
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joris J J Dirckx
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biomedical Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Serena Danti
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, PI, Italy; Dept. of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Mota C, Milazzo M, Panetta D, Trombi L, Gramigna V, Salvadori PA, Giannotti S, Bruschini L, Stefanini C, Moroni L, Berrettini S, Danti S. 3D fiber deposited polymeric scaffolds for external auditory canal wall. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:63. [PMID: 29736776 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The external auditory canal (EAC) is an osseocartilaginous structure extending from the auricle to the eardrum, which can be affected by congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases, thus reconstructive materials are needed. Current biomaterial-based approaches for the surgical reconstruction of EAC posterior wall still suffer from resorption (biological) and extrusion (synthetic). In this study, 3D fiber deposited scaffolds based on poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) were designed and fabricated to replace the EAC wall. Fiber diameter and scaffold porosity were optimized, leading to 200 ± 33 µm and 55% ± 5%, respectively. The mechanical properties were evaluated, resulting in a Young's modulus of 25.1 ± 7.0 MPa. Finally, the EAC scaffolds were tested in vitro with osteo-differentiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) with different seeding methods to produce homogeneously colonized replacements of interest for otologic surgery. This study demonstrated the fabrication feasibility of EAC wall scaffolds aimed to match several important requirements for biomaterial application to the ear under the Tissue Engineering paradigm, including shape, porosity, surface area, mechanical properties and favorable in vitro interaction with osteoinduced hMSCs. This study demonstrated the fabrication feasibility of outer ear canal wall scaffolds via additive manufacturing. Aimed to match several important requirements for biomaterial application to ear replacements under the Tissue Engineering paradigm, including shape, porosity and pore size, surface area, mechanical properties and favorable in vitro interaction with osteo-differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mota
- Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine (MERLN), Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Milazzo
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, PI, Italy
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Trombi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vera Gramigna
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Germaneto, CZ, Italy
| | - Piero A Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Giannotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bruschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cesare Stefanini
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, PI, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine (MERLN), Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Berrettini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, PI, Italy.
- Dept. of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, Pisa, Italy.
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Proposal of a Novel Natural Biomaterial, the Scleral Ossicle, for the Development of Vascularized Bone Tissue In Vitro. Biomedicines 2017; 6:biomedicines6010003. [PMID: 29295590 PMCID: PMC5874660 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovering of significant skeletal defects could be partially abortive due to the perturbations that affect the regenerative process when defects reach a critical size, thus resulting in a non-healed bone. The current standard treatments include allografting, autografting, and other bone implant techniques. However, although they are commonly used in orthopedic surgery, these treatments have some limitations concerning their costs and their side effects such as potential infections or malunions. On this account, the need for suitable constructs to fill the gap in wide fractures is still urgent. As an innovative solution, scleral ossicles (SOs) can be put forward as natural scaffolds for bone repair. SOs are peculiar bony plates forming a ring at the scleral-corneal border of the eyeball of lower vertebrates. In the preliminary phases of the study, these ossicles were structurally and functionally characterized. The morphological characterization was performed by SEM analysis, MicroCT analysis and optical profilometry. Then, UV sterilization was carried out to obtain a clean support, without neither contaminations nor modifications of the bone architecture. Subsequently, the SO biocompatibility was tested in culture with different cell lines, focusing the attention to the differentiation capability of endothelial and osteoblastic cells on the SO surface. The results obtained by the above mentioned analysis strongly suggest that SOs can be used as bio-scaffolds for functionalization processes, useful in regenerative medicine.
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9
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Milazzo M, Danti S, Inglese F, Jansen van Vuuren G, Gramigna V, Bonsignori G, De Vito A, Bruschini L, Stefanini C, Berrettini S. Ossicular replacement prostheses from banked bone with ergonomic and functional geometry. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:2495-2506. [PMID: 27661455 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study shows the fabrication of innovative ossicular replacement prostheses (ORPs) based on banked cortical bone using computer numerically controlled ultraprecision micromilling, as a substantial improvement of "second generation" ORPs. Our aim is to combine optimal middle ear compatibility and surgical manageability in a single device, by releasing off-the-shelf homograft ORPs provided with the appealing features of synthetic ORPs, such as lightness, safety, measurement accuracy, surface decoration, and geometric plasticity. The new total ORP prototype was 13.1 ± 0.1 mg, leading to 81% weight reduction with respect to the previous model. Surface motifs of the head plate were applied to prevent slipping and migration after surgery, as shown by finite element modeling analysis. In addition, bone ORPs were provided with holed head plates to facilitate their surgical positioning while reducing their mass. A comparative measurement of acoustic responses of bone against synthetic partial ORPs in the 250-8000 Hz frequency range demonstrated their superior behavior. This study showed that banked compact bone can be optimally manufactured, eventually enabling the fabrication of light, standardized, and highly performant ORPs. The new bone ORPs may represent the ideal combination of biocompatibility and technology which can ultimately accomplish unmet otosurgical needs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2495-2506, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Milazzo
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56025, Pontedera (PI), Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56025, Pontedera (PI), Italy.,Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Inglese
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56025, Pontedera (PI), Italy
| | | | - Vera Gramigna
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56025, Pontedera (PI), Italy.,Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 88100, Germaneto (CZ), Italy
| | - Gabriella Bonsignori
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56025, Pontedera (PI), Italy
| | - Andrea De Vito
- Operative Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Bruschini
- Operative Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cesare Stefanini
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56025, Pontedera (PI), Italy.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Robotics Institute, Khalifa University of Science Technology and Research, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefano Berrettini
- Operative Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bracaglia LG, Fisher JP. Extracellular Matrix-Based Biohybrid Materials for Engineering Compliant, Matrix-Dense Tissues. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2475-87. [PMID: 26227679 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An ideal tissue engineering scaffold should not only promote, but take an active role in, constructive remodeling and formation of site appropriate tissue. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived proteins provide unmatched cellular recognition, and therefore influence cellular response towards predicted remodeling behaviors. Materials built with only these proteins, however, can degrade rapidly or begin too weak to substitute for compliant, matrix-dense tissues. The focus of this Progress Report is on biohybrid materials that incorporate polymer components with ECM-derived proteins, to produce a substrate with desired mechanical and degradation properties, as well as actively guide tissue remodeling. Materials are described through four fabrication methods: 1) polymer and ECM-protein fibers woven together, 2) polymer and ECM proteins combined in a bilayer, 3) cell-built ECM on polymer scaffold, and 4) ECM proteins and polymers combined in a single hydrogel. Scaffolds from each fabrication method can achieve characteristics suitable for different types of tissue. In vivo testing has shown progressive remodeling in injury models, and suggests ECM-based biohybrid materials promote a prohealing immune response over single component alternatives. The prohealing immune response is associated with lasting success and long term host maintenance of the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G. Bracaglia
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering; University of Maryland; 3238 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - John P. Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering; University of Maryland; 3238 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building College Park MD 20742 USA
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Berrettini S, Danti S, De Vito A, D’Alessandro D, Forli F, Mancini I, Stefanini C, Bruschini L. Preformed homologous cortical bone prostheses for ossiculoplasty: preliminary clinical results in eighteen patients. Clin Otolaryngol 2012; 37:415-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2012.02524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Histologic Characterization of Human Ear Ossicles for the Development of Tissue-Engineered Replacements. Otol Neurotol 2012; 33:1458-68. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0b013e31826a527d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Good Manufacturing Practices—Grade Preformed Ossicular Prostheses from Banked Bone via Computer Numerically Controlled Micromilling. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2011; 120:9-16. [DOI: 10.1177/000348941112000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was the fabrication of ossicular replacement prostheses (ORPs) from decellularized banked cortical bone via computer numerically controlled (CNC) ultraprecision micromilling, in order to obtain preformed clinical-grade tissue products, reproducing shape, size, and details perfectly comparable to those of synthetic devices. Methods: Banked femoral compact bone was used to fabricate partial and total ORPs via CNC micromilling according to Good Manufacturing Practices procedures. Drawings of ORPs with different shapes and sizes were uploaded to the computer interface, and different surface-finish parameters were tested. The obtained products underwent dimensional, weight, and surface characterizations. A histologic analysis was pursued to compare the bone matrix compactness of the produced ORPs to that of the ear ossicles. Results: Banked-bone ORPs were produced with high dimensional accuracy. Partial ORP weights averaged (±SD) 31.2 ± 0.6 mg, and total ORP weights averaged 69.3 ± 0.7 mg. The best-finish mode allowed microscale or nanoscale roughness free from machinery textures to be obtained. Finally, the histologic analysis confirmed that the extracellular matrix compactness of the produced ORPs was suitable for ossicular chain replacement. Conclusions: This study assesses the fabrication feasibility of novel banked-bone ORPs of extremely high dimensional accuracy. Such devices are aimed at combining the most favorable aspects of both synthetic (reproducibility, convenience, and biosafety) and biological replacements (total biocompatibility).
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