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Li C, Huang Z, Gao N, Zheng J, Guan J. Injectable, thermosensitive, fast gelation, bioeliminable, and oxygen sensitive hydrogels. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:1191-1198. [PMID: 30889653 PMCID: PMC7368179 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The decrease of tissue oxygen content due to pathological conditions leads to severe cell death and tissue damage. Restoration of tissue oxygen content is the primary treatment goal. To accurately and efficiently assess efficacy of a treatment, minimally invasive, and long-term detection of oxygen concentration in the same tissue location represents a clinically attractive strategy. Among the different oxygen concentration measurement approaches, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has the potential to accomplish this. Yet there lacks injectable EPR probes that can maintain a consistent concentration at the same tissue location during treatment period to acquire a stable EPR signal, and can finally be eliminated from body without retrieval. Herein, we developed injectable and bioeliminable hydrogel-based polymeric EPR probes that exhibited fast gelation rate, slow weight loss rate, and high oxygen sensitivity. The probe was based on N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone acrylate (DBA), and tetrathiatriarylmethyl (TAM) radical. The injectable probes can be implanted into tissues using a minimally invasive injection approach. The high gelation rate (~10 s) allowed the probes to quickly solidify upon injection to have a high retention in tissues. The polymeric probes overcame the toxicity issue of current small molecule EPR probes. The probes can be gradually hydrolyzed. Upon complete hydrolysis, the probes became water soluble at 37 °C, thus having the potential to be removed from the body by urinary system. The probes showed slow weight loss rate so as to maintain EPR signal intensity for extended periods while retaining in a certain tissue location. The probes remained their high oxygen sensitivity after in vitro hydrolysis and in vivo implantation for 4 weeks. These hydrogel-based EPR probes have attractive properties for in vivo oxygen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zheng Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jianjun Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Li C, Huang Z, Gao N, Sui Y, Niu H, Guan J. Injectable Oxygen Sensitive Chitosan Complex with High Oxygen Sensitivity and Stability to Oxidoreductants. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2173-2179. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Zheng Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yang Sui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Hong Niu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jianjun Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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Desmet CM, Tran LBA, Danhier P, Gallez B. Characterization of a clinically used charcoal suspension for in vivo EPR oximetry. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 32:205-212. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kmiec MM, Hou H, Lakshmi Kuppusamy M, Drews TM, Prabhat AM, Petryakov SV, Demidenko E, Schaner PE, Buckey JC, Blank A, Kuppusamy P. Transcutaneous oxygen measurement in humans using a paramagnetic skin adhesive film. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:781-794. [PMID: 30277275 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcpO2 ) provides information about blood perfusion in the tissue immediately below the skin. These data are valuable in assessing wound healing problems, diagnosing peripheral vascular/arterial insufficiency, and predicting disease progression or the response to therapy. Currently, TcpO2 is primarily measured using electrochemical skin sensors, which consume oxygen and are prone to calibration errors. The goal of the present study was to develop a reliable method for TcpO2 measurement in human subjects. METHODS We have developed a novel TcpO2 oximetry method based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) principles with an oxygen-sensing skin adhesive film, named the superficial perfusion oxygen tension (SPOT) chip. The SPOT chip is a 3-mm diameter, 60-μm thick circular film composed of a stable paramagnetic oxygen sensor. The chip is covered with an oxygen-barrier material on one side and secured on the skin by a medical adhesive transfer tape to ensure that only the oxygen that diffuses through the skin surface is measured. The method quantifies TcpO2 through the linewidth of the EPR spectrum. RESULTS Repeated measurements using a cohort of 10 healthy human subjects showed that the TcpO2 measurements were robust, reliable, and reproducible. The TcpO2 values ranged from 7.8 ± 0.8 to 22.0 ± 1.0 mmHg in the volar forearm skin (N = 29) and 8.1 ± 0.3 to 23.4 ± 1.3 mmHg in the foot (N = 86). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that the SPOT chip can measure TcpO2 reliably and repeatedly under ambient conditions. The SPOT chip method could potentially be used to monitor TcpO2 in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej M Kmiec
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Huagang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - M Lakshmi Kuppusamy
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Thomas M Drews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Anjali M Prabhat
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Sergey V Petryakov
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Eugene Demidenko
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Philip E Schaner
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Jay C Buckey
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Aharon Blank
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Desmet CM, Vandermeulen G, Bouzin C, Lam MC, Préat V, Levêque P, Gallez B. EPR monitoring of wound oxygenation as a biomarker of response to gene therapy encoding hCAP-18/LL37 peptide. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:3267-3273. [PMID: 28983954 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the value of electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry to follow oxygenation in wounds treated by a plasmid-encoding host defense peptide hCAP-18/LL37. METHODS Flaps were created on diabetic mice (7- or 12-week-old db/db mice) presenting different levels of microangiopathy. The hCAP-18/LL37-encoding plasmids were administered in wounds by electroporation. Low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry using lithium phthalocyanine as the oxygen sensor was used to monitor wound oxygenation in flaps during the healing process. Flaps were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to assess hypoxia and cell proliferation. Kinetics of closure was also assessed in excisional skin wounds. RESULTS A reoxygenation of the flap was observed during the healing process in the 7-week-old db/db treated mice, but not in the untreated mice and the 12-week-old mice. Histological studies demonstrated less hypoxic regions and higher proportion of proliferating cells in hCAP-18/LL37-treated flaps in the 7-week-old db/db treated mice compared with untreated mice. Consistently, the kinetics of excisional wound closure was improved by hCAP-18/LL37 treatment in the 7-week-old db/db but not in the 12-week-old mice. CONCLUSIONS Oxygenation measured by electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry is a promising biomarker of response to treatments designed to modulate wound oxygenation. Magn Reson Med 79:3267-3273, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline M Desmet
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Vandermeulen
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, IREC Imaging Platform, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin C Lam
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oldenburg, Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Véronique Préat
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Levêque
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) based biological oximetry is a powerful tool that accurately and repeatedly measures tissue oxygen levels. In vivo determination of oxygen in tissues is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of a number of diseases. Here, we report the first successful fabrication and remarkable properties of nanofiber sensors for EPR-oximetry applications. Lithium octa-n-butoxynaphthalocyanine (LiNc- BuO), an excellent paramagnetic oxygen sensor, was successfully encapsulated in 300-500 nm diameter fibers consisting of a core of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a shell of polycaprolactone (PCL) by electrospinning. This core-shell nanosensor (LiNc-BuO-PDMS-PCL) shows a linear dependence of linewidth versus oxygen partial pressure (pO2). The nanofiber sensors have response and recovery times of 0.35 s and 0.55 s, respectively, these response and recovery times are ~12 times and ~218 times faster than those previously reported for PDMS-LiNc-BuO chip sensors. This greater responsiveness is likely due to the high porosity and excellent oxygen permeability of the nanofibers. Electrospinning of the structurally flexible PDMS enabled the fabrication of fibers having tailored spin densities. Core-shell encapsulation ensures the non-exposure of embedded LiNc-BuO and mitigates potential biocompatibility concerns. In vitro evaluation of the fiber performed under exposure to cultured cells showed that it is both stable and biocompatible. The unique combination of biocompatibility due to the PCL 'shell,' the excellent oxygen transparency of the PDMS core, and the excellent oxygen-sensing properties of LiNc-BuO makes LiNc-BuO-PDMS-PCL platform promising for long-term oximetry and repetitive oxygen measurements in both biological systems and clinical applications.
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Khan N, Hou H, Swartz HM, Kuppusamy P. Direct and Repeated Measurement of Heart and Brain Oxygenation Using In Vivo EPR Oximetry. Methods Enzymol 2015; 564:529-52. [PMID: 26477264 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Low level of oxygen (hypoxia) is a critical factor that defines the pathological consequence of several pathophysiologies, particularly ischemia, that usually occur following the blockage of a blood vessel in vital organs, such as brain and heart, or abnormalities in the microvasculature, such as peripheral vascular disease. Therefore, methods that can directly and repeatedly quantify oxygen levels in the brain and heart will significantly improve our understanding of ischemic pathologies. Importantly, such oximetry capability will facilitate the development of strategies to counteract low levels of oxygen and thereby improve outcome following stroke or myocardial infarction. In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry has the capability to monitor tissue oxygen levels in real time. The method has largely been tested and used in experimental animals, although some clinical measurements have been performed. In this chapter, a brief overview of the methodology to repeatedly quantify oxygen levels in the brain and heart of experimental animal models, ranging from mice to swine, is presented. EPR oximetry requires a one-time placement of an oxygen-sensitive probe in the tissue of interest, while the rest of the procedure for reliable, accurate, and repeated measurements of pO2 (partial pressure of oxygen) is noninvasive and can be repeated as often as desired. A multisite oximetry approach can be used to monitor pO2 at many sites simultaneously. Building on significant advances in the application of EPR oximetry in experimental animal models, spectrometers have been developed for use in human subjects. Initial feasibility of pO2 measurement in solid tumors of patients has been successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Khan
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Huagang Hou
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Harold M Swartz
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
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Ghosh G, Minnis M, Ghogare AA, Abramova I, Cengel KA, Busch TM, Greer A. Photoactive fluoropolymer surfaces that release sensitizer drug molecules. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4155-64. [PMID: 25686407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe a physical-organic study of two fluoropolymers bearing a photoreleasable PEGylated photosensitizer that generates (1)O2((1)Δg) [chlorin e6 methoxy tri(ethylene glycol) triester]. The surfaces are Teflon/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite and fluorinated silica. The relative efficiency of these surfaces to photorelease the PEGylated sensitizer [shown previously to be phototoxic to ovarian cancer cells (Kimani, S. et al. J. Org. Chem 2012, 77, 10638)] was slightly higher for the nanocomposite. In the presence of red light and O2, (1)O2 is formed, which cleaves an ethene linkage to liberate the sensitizer in 68-92% yield. The fluoropolymers were designed to deal with multiple problems. Namely, their success relied not only on high O2 solubility and drug repellency but also on the C-F bonds, which physically quench little (1)O2, for singlet oxygen's productive use away from the surface. The results obtained here indicate that Teflon-like surfaces have potential uses in delivering sensitizer and singlet oxygen for applications in tissue repair and photodynamic therapy (PDT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center, Brooklyn College, City University of New York , Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
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Meenakshisundaram G, Eteshola E, Blank A, Lee SC, Kuppusamy P. A molecular paramagnetic spin-doped biopolymeric oxygen sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:2283-9. [PMID: 20371170 PMCID: PMC2866758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry is a powerful technique capable of providing accurate, reliable, and repeated measurements of tissue oxygenation, which is crucial to the diagnosis and treatment of several pathophysiological conditions. Measurement of tissue pO(2) by EPR involves the use of paramagnetic, oxygen-sensitive probes, which can be either soluble (molecular) in nature or insoluble paramagnetic materials. Development of innovative strategies to enhance the biocompatibility and in vivo application of these oxygen-sensing probes is crucial to the growth and clinical applicability of EPR oximetry. Recent research efforts have aimed at encapsulating particulate probes in bioinert polymers for the development of biocompatible EPR probes. In this study, we have developed novel EPR oximetry probes, called perchlorotriphenylmethyl triester (PTM-TE):polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) chips, by dissolving and incorporating the soluble (molecular) EPR probe, PTM-TE, in an oxygen-permeable polymer matrix, PDMS. We demonstrate that such incorporation (doping) of PTM-TE in PDMS enhanced its oxygen sensitivity several fold. The cast-molding method of fabricating chips enabled them to be made with increasing amounts of PTM-TE (spin density). Characterization of the spin distribution within the PDMS matrix, using EPR micro-imaging, revealed potential inhomogeneties, albeit with no adverse effect on the oxygen-sensing characteristics of PTM-TE:PDMS. The chips were resistant to autoclaving or in vitro oxidoreductant treatment, thus exhibiting excellent in vitro biostability. Our results establish PTM-TE:PDMS as a viable probe for biological oxygen-sensing, and also validate the incorporation of soluble probes in polymer matrices as an innovative approach to the development of novel probes for EPR oximetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guruguhan Meenakshisundaram
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Edward Eteshola
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aharon Blank
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Stephen C. Lee
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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