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Du XY, Yang JY. Biomimetic microfluidic chips for toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170745. [PMID: 38340832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Various types of pollutants widely present in environmental media, including synthetic and natural chemicals, physical pollutants such as radioactive substances, ultraviolet rays, and noise, as well as biological organisms, pose a huge threat to public health. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately and effectively explore the human physiological responses and toxicity mechanisms of pollutants to prevent diseases caused by pollutants. The emerging toxicological testing method biomimetic microfluidic chips (BMCs) exhibit great potential in environmental pollutant toxicity assessment due to their superior biomimetic properties. The BMCs are divided into cell-on-chips and organ-on-chips based on the distinctions in bionic simulation levels. Herein, we first summarize the characteristics, emergence and development history, composition and structure, and application fields of BMCs. Then, with a focus on the toxicity mechanisms of pollutants, we review the applications and advances of the BMCs in the toxicity assessment of physical, chemical, and biological pollutants, respectively, highlighting its potential and development prospects in environmental toxicology testing. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for further use of BMCs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China..
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Wang W, Zhang L, O'Dell R, Yin Z, Yu D, Chen H, Liu J, Wang H. Microsphere-Enabled Modular Formation of Miniaturized In Vitro Breast Cancer Models. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307365. [PMID: 37990372 PMCID: PMC11045325 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In search of effective therapeutics for breast cancers, establishing physiologically relevant in vitro models is of great benefit to facilitate the clinical translation. Despite extensive progresses, it remains to develop the tumor models maximally recapturing the key pathophysiological attributes of their native counterparts. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop a microsphere-enabled modular approach toward the formation of in vitro breast tumor models with the capability of incorporating various selected cells while retaining spatial organization. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres (150-200 mm) with tailorable pore size and surface topography are fabricated and used as carriers to respectively lade with breast tumor-associated cells. Culture of cell-laden microspheres assembled within a customized microfluidic chamber allowed to form 3D tumor models with spatially controlled cell distribution. The introduction of endothelial cell-laden microspheres into cancer-cell laden microspheres at different ratios would induce angiogenesis within the culture to yield vascularized tumor. Evaluation of anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin and Cediranib on the tumor models do demonstrate corresponding physiological responses. Clearly, with the ability to modulate microsphere morphology, cell composition and spatial distribution, microsphere-enabled 3D tumor tissue formation offers a high flexibility to satisfy the needs for pathophysiological study, anticancer drug screening or design of personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 361005, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan, Hubei, 361005, China
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan, Hubei, 361005, China
| | - Robert O'Dell
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Zhuozhuo Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Dou Yu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hexin Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29205, USA
| | - JinPing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 361005, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan, Hubei, 361005, China
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan, Hubei, 361005, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
- Semcer Center for Healthcare Innovation, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
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Pedrosa P, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR, Guerra M. Benchtop X-ray fluorescence imaging as a tool to study gold nanoparticle penetration in 3D cancer spheroids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26344-26353. [PMID: 35479447 PMCID: PMC9037313 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05446e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials to improve medical diagnostics and therapeutics has been rapidly increasing. Among these materials are gold nanoparticles, which can be functionalized to target specific cells, acting as nanovectors for drug delivery, enhanced contrast agents as well as other targeted therapies. Au nanoparticles are very useful as they selectively accumulate in tumour sites due to the enhanced permeability-retention effect. There is however little information about the spatial distribution of the nanoparticles within tumours, which might hinder efficient therapies. In this study, X-ray fluorescence was used to investigate the diffusion of gold nanoparticles in cancer cell spheroids mimicking true tumour growth. Functionalization of the nanoparticles has the effect of allowing better diffusion into and out of the spheroid, while those nanoparticles that are only partially covered rapidly formed aggregates. This clustering led to size exclusion during transport within the tumour, changing its distribution profile while greatly increasing the nanoparticle concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pedrosa
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa 2892-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa 2892-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa 2892-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Mauro Guerra
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
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Wang L, Li Z, Xu C, Qin J. Bioinspired Engineering of Organ-on-Chip Devices. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1174:401-440. [PMID: 31713207 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9791-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The human body can be viewed as an organism consisting of a variety of cellular and non-cellular materials interacting in a highly ordered manner. Its complex and hierarchical nature inspires the multi-level recapitulation of the human body in order to gain insights into the inner workings of life. While traditional cell culture models have led to new insights into the cellular microenvironment and biological control in vivo, deeper understanding of biological systems and human pathophysiology requires the development of novel model systems that allow for analysis of complex internal and external interactions within the cellular microenvironment in a more relevant organ context. Engineering organ-on-chip systems offers an unprecedented opportunity to unravel the complex and hierarchical nature of human organs. In this chapter, we first highlight the advances in microfluidic platforms that enable engineering of the cellular microenvironment and the transition from cells-on-chips to organs-on-chips. Then, we introduce the key features of the emerging organs-on-chips and their proof-of-concept applications in biomedical research. We also discuss the challenges and future outlooks of this state-of-the-art technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Cong Xu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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5
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da Conceicao Ribeiro R, Pal D, Ferreira AM, Gentile P, Benning M, Dalgarno K. Reactive jet impingement bioprinting of high cell density gels for bone microtissue fabrication. Biofabrication 2018; 11:015014. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaf625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Jodat YA, Kang MG, Kiaee K, Kim GJ, Martinez AFH, Rosenkranz A, Bae H, Shin SR. Human-Derived Organ-on-a-Chip for Personalized Drug Development. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24:5471-5486. [PMID: 30854951 PMCID: PMC6587585 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190308150055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the required capital and time investment in the development of new pharmaceutical agents, there is an urgent need for preclinical drug testing models that are predictive of drug response in human tissues or organs. Despite tremendous advancements and rigorous multistage screening of drug candidates involving computational models, traditional cell culture platforms, animal models and most recently humanized animals, there is still a large deficit in our ability to predict drug response in patient groups and overall attrition rates from phase 1 through phase 4 of clinical studies remain well above 90%. Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms have proven potential in providing tremendous flexibility and robustness in drug screening and development by employing engineering techniques and materials. More importantly, in recent years, there is a clear upward trend in studies that utilize human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) to develop personalized tissue or organ models. Additionally, integrated multiple organs on the single chip with increasingly more sophisticated representation of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) process are being utilized to better understand drug interaction mechanisms in the human body and thus showing great potential to better predict drug efficacy and safety. In this review, we summarize these advances, highlighting studies that took the next step to clinical trials and research areas with the utmost potential and discuss the role of the OOCs in the overall drug discovery process at a preclinical and clinical stage, as well as outline remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin A Jodat
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Min G Kang
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kiavash Kiaee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Gyeong J Kim
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Angel F H Martinez
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- ALPHA Medical Leadership Program, Anahuac University, School of Medicine, Mexico
| | - Aliza Rosenkranz
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Hojae Bae
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technololgy Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Su R Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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Lindner M, Bauer G. Accelerating practical applications of cutting edge human iPS cell technologies. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2017; 149:115-118. [PMID: 28260740 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.149.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Kim YK, Park JA, Yoon WH, Kim J, Jung S. Drop-on-demand inkjet-based cell printing with 30- μm nozzle diameter for cell-level accuracy. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:064110. [PMID: 27990212 PMCID: PMC5135712 DOI: 10.1063/1.4968845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present drop-on-demand inkjet-based mammalian cell printing with a 30-μm nozzle diameter for cell-level accuracy. High-speed imaging techniques have been used to analyze the go-and-stop movement of cells inside the nozzle under a pulsed pressure generated by a piezo-actuator and the jet formation after ejection. Patterning of an array of 20 × 20 dots on a glass substrate reveals that each printed drop contains 1.30 cells on average at the cell concentration of 5.0 × 106 cells ml-1 for the very small nozzle, whereas larger nozzles with the diameter of 50 and 80 μm deliver 2.57 and 2.88 cells per drop, respectively. The effects of the size and concentration of printed cells on the number of cells have also been investigated. Furthermore, the effect of the nozzle diameter on printed cells has been evaluated through an examination of viability, proliferation, and morphology of cells by using a live/dead assay kit, CCK-8 assay, and cellular morphology imaging, respectively. We believe that the 30-μm inkjet nozzle can be used for precise cell deposition without any damages to the printed mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Ju An Park
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Woong Hee Yoon
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Joonwon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, South Korea
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9
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Di Costanzo E, Ingangi V, Angelini C, Carfora MF, Carriero MV, Natalini R. A Macroscopic Mathematical Model for Cell Migration Assays Using a Real-Time Cell Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162553. [PMID: 27680883 PMCID: PMC5040252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments of cell migration and chemotaxis assays have been classically performed in the so-called Boyden Chambers. A recent technology, xCELLigence Real Time Cell Analysis, is now allowing to monitor the cell migration in real time. This technology measures impedance changes caused by the gradual increase of electrode surface occupation by cells during the course of time and provide a Cell Index which is proportional to cellular morphology, spreading, ruffling and adhesion quality as well as cell number. In this paper we propose a macroscopic mathematical model, based on advection-reaction-diffusion partial differential equations, describing the cell migration assay using the real-time technology. We carried out numerical simulations to compare simulated model dynamics with data of observed biological experiments on three different cell lines and in two experimental settings: absence of chemotactic signals (basal migration) and presence of a chemoattractant. Overall we conclude that our minimal mathematical model is able to describe the phenomenon in the real time scale and numerical results show a good agreement with the experimental evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezio Di Costanzo
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo “M. Picone”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Vincenzo Ingangi
- Neoplastic Progression Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- SUN Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Angelini
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo “M. Picone”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Carfora
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo “M. Picone”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Carriero
- Neoplastic Progression Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Natalini
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo “M. Picone”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
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Ock J, Li W. Fabrication of a three-dimensional tissue model microarray using laser foaming of a gas-impregnated biodegradable polymer. Biofabrication 2015; 6:024110. [PMID: 24999514 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/2/024110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A microarray containing three-dimensional (3D) tissue models is a promising substitute for the two-dimensional (2D) cell-based microarrays currently available for high throughput, tissue-based biomedical assays. A cell culture microenvironment similar to in vivo conditions could be achieved with biodegradable porous scaffolds. In this study, a laser foaming technique is developed to create an array of micro-scale 3D porous scaffolds. The effects of major process parameters and the morphology of the resulting porous structure were investigated. For comparison, cell culture studies were conducted with both foamed and unfoamed samples using T98G cells. The results show that by laser foaming gas-impregnated polylactic acid it is possible to generate an array of inverse cone shaped wells with porous walls. The size of the foamed region can be controlled with laser power and exposure time, while the pore size of the scaffold can be manipulated with the saturation pressure. T98G cells grow well in the foamed scaffolds, forming clusters that have not been observed in 2D cell cultures. Cells are more viable in the 3D scaffolds than in the 2D cell culture cases. The 3D porous microarray could be used for parallel studies of drug toxicity, guided stem cell differentiation, and DNA binding profiles.
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Chang KT, Chang YJ, Chen CL, Wang YN. Multichannel lens-free CMOS sensors for real-time monitoring of cell growth. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:413-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Tung Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chang
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Yao-Nan Wang
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
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12
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Tumor bioengineering using a transglutaminase crosslinked hydrogel. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105616. [PMID: 25133673 PMCID: PMC4136878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a physiologically relevant 3D model system for cancer research and drug development is a current challenge. We have adopted a 3D culture system based on a transglutaminase-crosslinked gelatin gel (Col-Tgel) to mimic the tumor 3D microenvironment. The system has several unique advantages over other alternatives including presenting cell-matrix interaction sites from collagen-derived peptides, geometry-initiated multicellular tumor spheroids, and metabolic gradients in the tumor microenvironment. Also it provides a controllable wide spectrum of gel stiffness for mechanical signals, and technical compatibility with imaging based screening due to its transparent properties. In addition, the Col-Tgel provides a cure-in-situ delivery vehicle for tumor xenograft formation in animals enhancing tumor cell uptake rate. Overall, this distinctive 3D system could offer a platform to more accurately mimic in vivo situations to study tumor formation and progression both in vitro and in vivo.
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Yang M, Chiao M, Lee H, Chen C, Yang Y, Shen C, Ma H. An innovative three‐dimensional gelatin foam culture system for improved study of glioblastoma stem cell behavior. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:618-28. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Yin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei Taiwan
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull NeurosurgeryNeurological InstituteTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichung Taiwan
- Department of Physical TherapyHungkuang UniversityTaichung Taiwan
- Department of Neurological SurgeryJan‐Ai General HospitalTaichung Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Tsang Chiao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull NeurosurgeryNeurological InstituteTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichung Taiwan
| | - Hsu‐Tung Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei Taiwan
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull NeurosurgeryNeurological InstituteTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichung Taiwan
| | - Chien‐Min Chen
- Division of Neurological SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryChanghua Christian HospitalChanghua Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Chin Yang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull NeurosurgeryNeurological InstituteTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichung Taiwan
| | - Chiung‐Chyi Shen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull NeurosurgeryNeurological InstituteTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichung Taiwan
- Department of Physical TherapyHungkuang UniversityTaichung Taiwan
- Department of MedicineNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei Taiwan
- Tri‐Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐I. Ma
- Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei Taiwan
- Department of Neurological SurgeryTri‐Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei Taiwan
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Lee JH, Hur W. Scaffold-free formation of a millimeter-scale multicellular spheroid with an internal cavity from magnetically levitated 3T3 cells that ingested iron oxide-containing microspheres. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:1038-47. [PMID: 24254251 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This report describes fabrication of a millimeter-scale three-dimensional (3D) multicellular structure with a central cavity based on magnetic levitation of 3T3 cells that had ingested Fe3 O4 -containing microcapsules. Magnetically levitated cells initially formed a disc-shaped cell cluster at the air-medium interface and transformed into a spheroid (up to 2.8 mm in diameter) after 10-day incubation under a magnet. Hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained section revealed that an eosinophilic shell of cells enclosed a pale-staining core of the spheroid. Mitotic or elongated and aligned cells were found at the outer periphery of the shell, while Fe3 O4 deposits were distributed in the inner part of the shell. Surgical dissection indicated that the spheroid had a hollow interior filled with a fluid-state cell suspension. Accordingly, it was demonstrated that magnetically levitated 3T3 cells organized themselves into a tissue-like spheroid, resulting in core cell death. The spheroid can be used as a 3D tissue model and as building blocks that fused to form a more complicated structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ho Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Kangwon National University, 291-1 Hyoja-dong, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
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15
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Microfluidic 3D cell culture: potential application for tissue-based bioassays. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:1509-25. [PMID: 22793034 DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current fundamental investigations of human biology and the development of therapeutic drugs commonly rely on 2D monolayer cell culture systems. However, 2D cell culture systems do not accurately recapitulate the structure, function or physiology of living tissues, nor the highly complex and dynamic 3D environments in vivo. Microfluidic technology can provide microscale complex structures and well-controlled parameters to mimic the in vivo environment of cells. The combination of microfluidic technology with 3D cell culture offers great potential for in vivo-like tissue-based applications, such as the emerging organ-on-a-chip system. This article will review recent advances in the microfluidic technology for 3D cell culture and their biological applications.
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Liu Y, Butler WB, Pappas D. Spatially selective reagent delivery into cancer cells using a two-layer microfluidic culture system. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 743:125-30. [PMID: 22882832 PMCID: PMC3439837 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate a two-layer microfluidic system capable of spatially selective delivery of drugs and other reagents under low shear stress. Loading occurs by hydrodynamically focusing a reagent stream over a particular region of the cell culture. The system consisted of a cell culture chamber and fluid flow channel, which were located in different layers to reduce shear stress on cells. Cells in the center of the culture chamber were exposed to parallel streams of laminar flow, which allowed fast changes to be made to the cellular environment. The shear force was reduced to 2.7 dyn cm(-2) in the two-layer device (vs. 6.0 dyn cm(-2) in a one-layer device). Cells in the side of the culture chamber were exposed to the side streams of buffer; the shear force was further reduced to a greater extent since the sides of the culture chamber were separated from the main fluid path. The channel shape and flow rate of the multiple streams were optimized for spatially controlled reagent delivery. The boundaries between streams were well controlled at a flow rate of 0.1 mL h(-1), which was optimized for all streams. We demonstrated multi-reagent delivery to different regions of the same culture well, as well as selective treatment of cancer cells with a built in control group in the same well. In the case of apoptosis induction using staurosporine, 10% of cells remained viable after 24 h of exposure. Cells in the same chamber, but not exposed to staurosporine, had a viability of 90%. This chip allows dynamic observation of cellular behavior immediately after drug delivery, as well as long-term drug treatment with the benefit of large cell numbers, device simplicity, and low shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - W. Boyd Butler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
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Ma L, Barker J, Zhou C, Li W, Zhang J, Lin B, Foltz G, Küblbeck J, Honkakoski P. Towards personalized medicine with a three-dimensional micro-scale perfusion-based two-chamber tissue model system. Biomaterials 2012; 33:4353-61. [PMID: 22429982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional micro-scale perfusion-based two-chamber (3D-μPTC) tissue model system was developed to test the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs in conjunction with liver metabolism. Liver cells with different cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtypes and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain cancer cells were cultured in two separate chambers connected in tandem. Both chambers contained a 3D tissue engineering scaffold fabricated with biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) using a solvent-free approach. We used this model system to test the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs, including temozolomide (TMZ) and ifosfamide (IFO). With the liver cells, TMZ showed a much lower toxicity to GBM cells under both 2D and 3D cell culture conditions. Comparing 2D, GBM cells cultured in 3D had much high viability under TMZ treatment. IFO was used to test the CYP-related metabolic effects. Cells with different expression levels of CYP3A4 differed dramatically in their ability to activate IFO, which led to strong metabolism-dependent cytotoxicity to GBM cells. These results demonstrate that our 3D-μPTC system could provide a more physiologically realistic in vitro environment than the current 2D monolayers for testing metabolism-dependent toxicity of anticancer drugs. It could therefore be used as an important platform for better prediction of drug dosing and schedule towards personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Sun YS, Peng SW, Lin KH, Cheng JY. Electrotaxis of lung cancer cells in ordered three-dimensional scaffolds. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:14102-1410214. [PMID: 22288000 PMCID: PMC3267495 DOI: 10.1063/1.3671399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a new method to incorporate 3D scaffold with electrotaxis measurement in the microfluidic device. The electrotactic response of lung cancer cells in the 3D foam scaffolds which resemble the in vivo pulmonary alveoli may give more insight on cellular behaviors in vivo. The 3D scaffold consists of ordered arrays of uniform spherical pores in gelatin. We found that cell morphology in the 3D scaffold was different from that in 2D substrate. Next, we applied a direct current electric field (EF) of 338 mV/mm through the scaffold for the study of cells' migration within. We measured the migration directedness and speed of different lung cancer cell lines, CL1-0, CL1-5, and A549, and compared with those examined in 2D gelatin-coated and bare substrates. The migration direction is the same for all conditions but there are clear differences in cell morphology, directedness, and migration speed under EF. Our results demonstrate cell migration under EF is different in 2D and 3D environments and possibly due to different cell morphology and/or substrate stiffness.
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Nguyen EH, Schwartz MP, Murphy WL. Biomimetic approaches to control soluble concentration gradients in biomaterials. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:483-92. [PMID: 21265021 PMCID: PMC3735129 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Soluble concentration gradients play a critical role in controlling tissue formation during embryonic development. The importance of soluble signaling in biology has motivated engineers to design systems that allow precise and quantitative manipulation of gradient formation in vitro. Engineering techniques have increasingly moved to the third dimension in order to provide more physiologically relevant models to study the biological role of gradient formation and to guide strategies for controlling new tissue formation for therapeutic applications. This review provides an overview of efforts to design biomimetic strategies for soluble gradient formation, with a focus on microfluidic techniques and biomaterials approaches for moving gradient generation to the third dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Michael P. Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA, Fax: (608) 265 9239. Department of Pharmacology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA. Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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Raof NA, Raja WK, Castracane J, Xie Y. Bioengineering embryonic stem cell microenvironments for exploring inhibitory effects on metastatic breast cancer cells. Biomaterials 2011; 32:4130-9. [PMID: 21411140 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recreation of an in vitro microenvironment to understand and manipulate the proliferation and migration of invasive breast cancer cells may allow one to put a halt to their metastasis capacity. Invasive cancer cells have been linked to embryonic stem (ES) cells as they possess certain similar characteristics and gene signatures. Embryonic microenvironments have the potential to reprogram cancer cells into a less invasive phenotype and help elucidate tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this study, we explored the feasibility of reconstructing embryonic microenvironments using mouse ES cells cultured in alginate hydrogel and investigated the interactions of ES cells and highly invasive breast cancer cells in 2D, 2&1/2D, and 3D cultures. Results showed that mouse ES cells inhibited the growth and tumor spheroid formation of breast cancer cells. The mouse ES cell microenvironment was further constructed and optimized in 3D alginate hydrogel microbeads, and co-cultured with breast cancer cells. Migration analysis displayed a significant reduction in the average velocity and trajectory of breast cancer cell locomotion compared to control, suggesting that bioengineered mouse ES cell microenvironments inhibited the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. This study may act as a platform to open up new options to understand and harness tumor cell plasticity and develop therapeutics for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurazhani Abdul Raof
- The College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York (SUNY), 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
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