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Li X, Feng Z, Fang C, Wei Y, Ji D, Hu W. Non-fouling polymer brush grafted fluorine-doped tin oxide enabled optical and chemical enhancement for sensitive label-free antibody microarrays. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2477-2486. [PMID: 37097479 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OIRD) is a compelling technique for real-time, label-free and non-destructive detection of antibody microarray chips, but its sensitivity needs essential improvement for clinical diagnosis. In this study, we report an innovative high-performance OIRD microarray by using poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate] (POEGMA-co-GMA) brush grafted fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as the chip substrate. The polymer brush enhances the interfacial binding reaction efficiency of targets from the complicated sample matrix due to its high antibody loading and excellent anti-fouling merits; the FTO-polymer brush layered structure, on the other hand, excites the interference enhancement effect of OIRD to achieve enhanced intrinsic optical sensitivity. Synergistically, the sensitivity of this chip is significantly improved compared to rival chips, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 25 ng mL-1 for the model target C-reactive protein (CRP) in 10% human serum. This work explores the tremendous influence of the chip interfacial structure on the OIRD sensitivity and proposes a rational interfacial engineering strategy to boost the performance of the label-free OIRD based microarray and other bio-devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Zhihao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Changxiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Yunpeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Dandan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Weihua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
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2
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New Ultrasensitive Sandwich-Type Immunoassay of Dendritic Tri-Fan Blade-like PdAuCu Nanoparticles/Amine-Functionalized Graphene Oxide for Label-Free Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101256. [PMID: 34683307 PMCID: PMC8537010 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The early detection of tumor markers has an effective role in the treatment of cancer. Here, a new sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for early label-free detection of the cancer biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was developed. Dendritic tri-fan blade-like PdAuCu nanoparticles (PdAuCu NPs)/amine functionalized graphene oxide (NH2-GO) were the label of secondary antibodies (Ab2), and Au nanoparticle-decorated polydopamines (Au/PDA) were immobilized on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) as the substrate materials. Dendritic tri-fan blade-like PdAuCu NPs/NH2-GO was synthesized according to a simple hydrothermal procedure and used to immobilize antibodies (Ab2) with large surfaces areas, increased catalytic properties and good adsorption to amplify the current signals. Subsequently, Ab2/PdAuCu NPs/NH2-GO catalyzed the reduction of H2O2 in the sandwich-type immunoreactions. Under optimal conditions, the immunosensor exhibited a satisfactory response to CEA with a limit detection of 0.07 pg mL−1 and a linear detection range from 0.1 pg mL−1 to 200 ng mL−1. The proposed immunosensor could be suitable enough for a real sample analysis of CEA, and has clinical value in the early diagnosis of cancer.
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3
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Xia J, Lu D, Han Y, Wang J, Hong Y, Zhao P, Fang Q, Lin Q. Facile multifunctional IOL surface modification via poly(PEGMA-co-GMA) grafting for posterior capsular opacification inhibition. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9840-9848. [PMID: 35423496 PMCID: PMC8695425 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00201e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a significant complication of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in cataract surgery, in which the adhesion and proliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) on the implanted IOL surface play an important role. The surface modification of IOL to prevent LEC adhesion and proliferation is a practical way to reduce the incidence of PCO. In this study, a multifunctional binary copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was synthesized (poly(PEGMA-co-GMA), PPG) and chemically grafted onto the aminolyzed IOL surface, utilizing the coupling reaction of epoxy and amino groups. Doxorubicin (DOX) was subsequently immobilized on the surface coating via the reaction of epoxy and amino groups as well. Taking advantages of the hydrophilicity of the PEG segments in the copolymer coating and the anti-proliferative effects of the DOX, a multifunctional surface coating was easily established by the synthesized copolymer PPG. Such anti-proliferative drug immobilized hydrophilic coating modification may effectively reduce the cell adhesion and proliferation and thus it is hypothesized to have great potential in PCO inhibition. The synthesis of PPG was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface coating immobilization was demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The in vitro drug release profiles and the cell behaviors were also investigated to validate the multifunctional coating inhibition effect on cellular adhesion and antiproliferation. Finally, the in vivo ocular implantation was carried out on rabbit eyes to evaluate the effect of the coating modified IOL on the inhibition of postoperative PCO. It followed that such multifunctional coating modification can effectively inhibit the adhesion and proliferation of LECs and significantly reduce the incidence of PCO. All these results reveal that such PPG copolymer modification provides a facile yet effective way to inhibit PCO formation after IOL implantation. Drug eluting and hydrophilic intraocular lens surface coating was facilely fabricated via poly(PEGMA-co-GMA) grafting. Such a multifunctional coating reduced posterior capsular opacification incidence after implantation effectively.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xia
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry
- Eye Hospital
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325027
- China
| | - Duoduo Lu
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry
- Eye Hospital
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325027
- China
| | - Yuemei Han
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry
- Eye Hospital
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325027
- China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry
- Eye Hospital
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325027
- China
| | - Yueze Hong
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry
- Eye Hospital
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325027
- China
| | - Peiyi Zhao
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry
- Eye Hospital
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325027
- China
| | - Qiuna Fang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry
- Eye Hospital
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325027
- China
| | - Quankui Lin
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry
- Eye Hospital
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325027
- China
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Heggestad JT, Fontes CM, Joh DY, Hucknall AM, Chilkoti A. In Pursuit of Zero 2.0: Recent Developments in Nonfouling Polymer Brushes for Immunoassays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903285. [PMID: 31782843 PMCID: PMC6986790 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
"Nonfouling" polymer brush surfaces can greatly improve the performance of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) assays due to the reduction of nonspecific protein adsorption and consequent improvement of signal-to-noise ratios. The development of synthetic polymer brush architectures that suppress adventitious protein adsorption is reviewed, and their integration into surface plasmon resonance and fluorescent sandwich immunoassay formats is discussed. Also, highlighted is a novel, self-contained immunoassay platform (the D4 assay) that transforms time-consuming laboratory-based assays into a user-friendly and point-of-care format with a sensitivity and specificity comparable or better than standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) directly from unprocessed samples. These advancements clearly demonstrate the utility of nonfouling polymer brushes as a substrate for ultrasensitive and robust diagnostic assays that may be suitable for clinical testing, in field and laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Heggestad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Cassio M Fontes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Daniel Y Joh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Angus M Hucknall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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5
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Tsao CW, Syu WC. Bonding of thermoplastic microfluidics by using dry adhesive tape. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30289-30296. [PMID: 35516018 PMCID: PMC9056340 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of adhesive tape structure, adhesive tape thickness (30, 60, and 80 μm), and bonding time (5 and 15 seconds) on the bonding of inflexible and flexible substrates. We performed microchannel bonding by using a manual scraper press or a hot press machine. Rapid prototyping and mass production capabilities were achieved in the dry adhesive tape bonding of polymer microfluidic systems with both the aforementioned approaches. With process control, 95.16% and 99.53% bonding coverage could be achieved for the inflexible and flexible substrates, respectively, by using a manual scraper press. When using a press machine, the bonding coverage could be further enhanced to 99.24% for the inflexible substrates and 99.81% for the flexible substrates. Due to the viscoelastic nature of the adhesive layer in the adhesive tapes, we observed Saffman–Taylor finger and air bubble formation around the microchannel under high pumping pressure. The results indicated that the probability of Saffman–Taylor finger formation was lower and the bonding pressure was higher when using the thinner adhesive tape than when using thicker tape. Moreover, due to their rigidity, the inflexible substrates exhibited a higher bonding strength than the flexible substrates did. Bonding stability tests indicated that the bonded substrates had high bonding quality and bonding strength under long-term storage of up to 60 days. We investigated dry adhesive bonding of thermoplastic microfluidics. The bonding performance is correlated to the air bubble encapsulation and Saffman–Taylor finger formation phenomena at the interface.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan City
- Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ci Syu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan City
- Taiwan
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6
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Brittain WJ, Brandsetter T, Prucker O, Rühe J. The Surface Science of Microarray Generation-A Critical Inventory. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39397-39409. [PMID: 31322854 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microarrays are powerful tools in biomedical research and have become indispensable for high-throughput multiplex analysis, especially for DNA and protein analysis. The basis for all microarray processing and fabrication is surface modification of a chip substrate and many different strategies to couple probe molecules to such substrates have been developed. We present here a critical assessment of typical biochip generation processes from a surface science point of view. While great progress has been made from a molecular biology point of view on the development of qualitative assays and impressive results have been obtained on the detection of rather low concentrations of DNA or proteins, quantitative chip-based assays are still comparably rare. We argue that lack of stable and reliable deposition chemistries has led in many cases to suboptimal quantitative reproducibility, impeded further progress in microarray development and prevented a more significant penetration of microarray technology into the diagnostic market. We suggest that surface-attached hydrogel networks might be a promising strategy to achieve highly sensitive and quantitatively reproducible microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Brittain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Texas State University , 601 University Drive , San Marcos , Texas 78666 , United States
- Department of Microsystems Engineering , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
| | - Thomas Brandsetter
- Department of Microsystems Engineering , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
| | - Oswald Prucker
- Department of Microsystems Engineering , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Microsystems Engineering , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
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7
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Badoux M, Billing M, Klok HA. Polymer brush interfaces for protein biosensing prepared by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00163h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses protein-binding polymer brushes and the various strategies that can be used to immobilize proteins on these films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Badoux
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique
- Laboratoire des Polymères
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Bâtiment MXD
- CH-1015 Lausanne
| | - Mark Billing
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique
- Laboratoire des Polymères
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Bâtiment MXD
- CH-1015 Lausanne
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique
- Laboratoire des Polymères
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Bâtiment MXD
- CH-1015 Lausanne
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8
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Leekrajang M, Sae-Ung P, Vilaivan T, Hoven VP. Filter paper grafted with epoxide-based copolymer brushes for activation-free peptide nucleic acid conjugation and its application for colorimetric DNA detection. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 173:851-859. [PMID: 30551301 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epoxide-bearing filter paper was first prepared by surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate (PEGMA). Without the need for activation step, the capture peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes carrying a C-terminal lysine modification can be directly immobilized on the surface-grafted poly[glycidyl methacrylate-ran-poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate] (P(GMA-ran-PEGMA)) through ring-opening of epoxide groups in the GMA repeating units by amino groups in the PNA's structure. The success of P(GMA-ran-PEGMA) grafting on the filter paper and subsequent PNA immobilization was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Colorimetric detection with signal amplification upon DNA hybridization relies on sandwich-hybridization assay employing another biotinylated PNA strand as a reporter probe together with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (SA-HRP) and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) substrate. It was found that increasing ionic strength during the DNA hybridization step by addition of NaCl can increase the signal intensity, which can be visualized by naked eye. The sensing platform showed the best performance in preventing non-specific adsorption from the non-complementary DNA and discriminating between complementary and single-mismatched targets of at least 50 fmol without the requirement for stringent hybridization or washing condition. This superior ability to suppress non-specific adsorption of non-target DNA as well as other non-DNA components may be explained as a result of hydrophilic PEGMA repeating units in the surface-grafted copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malinee Leekrajang
- Program in Petrochemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornpen Sae-Ung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tirayut Vilaivan
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Voravee P Hoven
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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9
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Chou YN, Wen TC, Chang Y. Zwitterionic surface grafting of epoxylated sulfobetaine copolymers for the development of stealth biomaterial interfaces. Acta Biomater 2016; 40:78-91. [PMID: 27045347 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Most biomaterials have a lack of a simple, efficient and robust antifouling modification approach that limits their potential for biomedical applications. The challenge is to develop a universal surface grafting solution to meet the antifouling requirement. In this work, a new formulation of zwitterionic sulfobetaine-based copolymer, ploy(glycidyl methacrylate-co-sulfobetaine methacrylate) (poly(GMA-co-SBMA)), is designed as a chemical for grafting onto material and is introduced for the surface zwitterionization of versatile biomaterials, including ceramic, metal, and plastics. The grafting principle used to stabilize the poly(GMA-co-SBMA) on the target surfaces is based the base-induced ring opening reaction between epoxied and hydroxyl groups. A universal surface modification procedure was developed and performed from an optimized sequence of ultra-violet ozone pretreatment and trimethylamine-catalyzed zwitterionization on a selective case of versatile surfaces including silicon wafer, ceramic glass, titanium, steel, and polystyrene. The prepared poly(GMA-co-SBMA) with an optimum PGMA/PSBMA ratio of 0.23 and a molecular weight of 25kDa exhibited the best resistance to fibrinogen adsorption with over 90% reduction as well as blood cell activation, tissue cell adhesion and bacterial attachment on the zwitterionic copolymer grafted surfaces. The developed antifouling grafting introduces a universal modification method to generate zwitterionic interfaces on versatile biomaterial substrates, providing great potential for application in medical device coating. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A simple, efficient and robust antifouling modification approach is critical for many scientific interests and industrial applications. In current stage, the existing available zwitterionic modifications suffer from the lack of universal surface grafting solution to achieve the antifouling requirement on versatile biomaterial substrates. In this study, we synthesized and characterized a new zwitterionic sulfobetaine-based copolymer, ploy(glycidyl methacrylate-co-sulfobetaine methacrylate) (poly(GMA-co-SBMA)), which is designed as chemical grafting onto material and introduced for the surface zwitterionization of versatile biomaterials, including ceramic, metal, and plastics. This research have a promising opportunity for the application of stealth biomaterial interfaces on the next generation of medical devices.
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11
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Liu Y, Xie J, Zhang Z, Lu Z. An ultrasensitive colorimetric strategy for protein O-GlcNAcylation detection via copper deposition-enabled nonenzymatic signal amplification. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17119b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An ultrasensitive colorimetric method for protein O-GlcNAcylation analysis is developed using AuNP-catalyzed copper deposition as a nonenzymatic signal amplification strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuai Liu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Jin Xie
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Zeying Zhang
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Zhisong Lu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
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12
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Liu Y, Yu J. Oriented immobilization of proteins on solid supports for use in biosensors and biochips: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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3-D microarray and its microfabrication-free fluidic immunoassay device. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 889:187-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Yu L, Shi Z, Gao L, Li C. Mitigated reactive oxygen species generation leads to an improvement of cell proliferation on poly[glycidyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] functionalized polydimethylsiloxane surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:2987-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Faculty of Materials & Energy; Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapid Diagnosis of Fatal Diseases; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - ZhuanZhuan Shi
- Faculty of Materials & Energy; Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapid Diagnosis of Fatal Diseases; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - LiXia Gao
- Faculty of Materials & Energy; Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapid Diagnosis of Fatal Diseases; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - ChangMing Li
- Faculty of Materials & Energy; Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapid Diagnosis of Fatal Diseases; Chongqing 400715 China
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15
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Electrochemical immunosensor for prostate-specific antigens using a label-free second antibody based on silica nanoparticles and polymer brush. Bioelectrochemistry 2015; 101:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Krishnamoorthy M, Hakobyan S, Ramstedt M, Gautrot JE. Surface-initiated polymer brushes in the biomedical field: applications in membrane science, biosensing, cell culture, regenerative medicine and antibacterial coatings. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10976-1026. [PMID: 25353708 DOI: 10.1021/cr500252u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahentha Krishnamoorthy
- Institute of Bioengineering and ‡School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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17
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Phenylboronic acid polymer brush-enabled oriented and high density antibody immobilization for sensitive microarray immunoassay. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 121:21-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Mielańczyk A, Biela T, Neugebauer D. Synthesis and self-assembly behavior of amphiphilic methyl α-D-glucopyranoside-centered copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Li C, Jin J, Liu J, Xu X, Yin J. Improving hemocompatibility of polypropylene via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for covalently coupling BSA. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03652b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine serum albumin modified polypropylene for hemocompatibility was fabricated via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, PR China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Jingchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Polymer Materials Research Center
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
| | - Jinghua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, PR China
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20
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Hu W, Li X, He G, Zhang Z, Zheng X, Li P, Li CM. Sensitive competitive immunoassay of multiple mycotoxins with non-fouling antigen microarray. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:338-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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21
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Zheng XT, Yu L, Li P, Dong H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li CM. On-chip investigation of cell-drug interactions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1556-74. [PMID: 23428898 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of cell-drug interaction is of great importance in drug discovery but continues to pose significant challenges to develop robust, fast and high-throughput methods for pharmacologically profiling of potential drugs. Recently, cell chips have emerged as a promising technology for drug discovery/delivery, and their miniaturization and flow-through operation significantly reduce sample consumption while dramatically improving the throughput, reliability, resolution and sensitivity. Herein we review various types of miniaturized cell chips used in investigation of cell-drug interactions. The design and fabrication of cell chips including material selection, surface modification, cell trapping/patterning, concentration gradient generation and mimicking of in vivo environment are presented. Recent advances of on-chip investigations of cell-drug interactions, in particular the high-throughput screening, cell sorting, cytotoxicity testing, drug resistance analysis and pharmacological profiling are examined and discussed. It is expected that this survey can provide thoughtful basics and important applications of on-chip investigations of cell-drug interactions, thus greatly promoting research and development interests in this area.
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22
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Yu L, Ng SR, Xu Y, Dong H, Wang YJ, Li CM. Advances of lab-on-a-chip in isolation, detection and post-processing of circulating tumour cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3163-82. [PMID: 23771017 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc00052d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are shed by primary tumours and are found in the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic cancers. Recent studies have shown that the number of CTCs corresponds with disease severity and prognosis. Therefore, detection and further functional analysis of CTCs are important for biomedical science, early diagnosis of cancer metastasis and tracking treatment efficacy in cancer patients, especially in point-of-care applications. Over the last few years, there has been an increasing shift towards not only capturing and detecting these rare cells, but also ensuring their viability for post-processing, such as cell culture and genetic analysis. High throughput lab-on-a-chip (LOC) has been fuelled up to process and analyse heterogeneous real patient samples while gaining profound insights for cancer biology. In this review, we highlight how miniaturisation strategies together with nanotechnologies have been used to advance LOC for capturing, separating, enriching and detecting different CTCs efficiently, while meeting the challenges of cell viability, high throughput multiplex or single-cell detection and post-processing. We begin this survey with an introduction to CTC biology, followed by description of the use of various materials, microstructures and nanostructures for design of LOC to achieve miniaturisation, as well as how various CTC capture or separation strategies can enhance cell capture and enrichment efficiencies, purity and viability. The significant progress of various nanotechnologies-based detection techniques to achieve high sensitivities and low detection limits for viable CTCs and/or to enable CTC post-processing are presented and the fundamental insights are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of the technologies are enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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23
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Hu W, Lu Z, Liu Y, Chen T, Zhou X, Li CM. A portable flow-through fluorescent immunoassay lab-on-a-chip device using ZnO nanorod-decorated glass capillaries. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1797-1802. [PMID: 23483058 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc41382a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a portable flow-through fluorescent immunoassay lab-on-a-chip device using inexpensive disposable glass capillaries for medical diagnostics. The device is made up of a number of serially connected glass capillaries, of which each interior surface is grown using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods, which different probe antibodies are attached to. The ZnO nanorods not only provide a large surface area for high density probe attachment, but also enhance the fluorescent signals to significantly improve the detection signal responses. The glass capillary also allows for convenient flow-through detection. Coupled with a homemade handheld analyzer integrated with an automatic pump system and a fluorescence readout module, a portable immunoassay capillary device enables quantitative detection of multiple biomarkers in 30 min with detection limits of 1-5 ng mL(-1) and wide dynamic ranges for prostate specific antigen (PSA), α-Fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum. This new conceptual lab-on-a-chip device eliminates the need for expensive micro-fabrication processes, while offering inexpensive and disposable, but replaceable tube-type "microchannels" for multiplexed detection in portable clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Hu
- Institute of Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, P R China
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24
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Liu Y, Li X, Bao S, Lu Z, Li Q, Li CM. Plastic protein microarray to investigate the molecular pathways of magnetic nanoparticle-induced nanotoxicity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:175501. [PMID: 23558511 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/17/175501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) (about 15 nm) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The molecular pathways of SPIONs-induced nanotoxicity was further investigated by protein microarrays on a plastic substrate from evaluation of cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell apoptosis. The experimental results reveal that 50 μg ml(-1) or higher levels of SPIONs cause significant loss of cell viability, considerable generation of ROS and cell apoptosis. It is proposed that high level SPIONs could induce cell apoptosis via a mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway by activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3, an increase of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and down-regulation of HSP70 and HSP90 survivor factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuai Liu
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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25
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Li X, Wang M, Wang L, Shi X, Xu Y, Song B, Chen H. Block copolymer modified surfaces for conjugation of biomacromolecules with control of quantity and activity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:1122-1128. [PMID: 23265296 DOI: 10.1021/la3044472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brush layers based on block copolymers of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (POEGMA) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) were formed on silicon wafers by activators generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP). Different types of biomolecule can be conjugated to these brush layers by reaction of PGMA epoxide groups with amino groups in the biomolecule, while POEGMA, which resists nonspecific protein adsorption, provides an antifouling environment. Surfaces were characterized by water contact angle, ellipsometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the modification reactions. Phase segregation of the copolymer blocks in the layers was observed by AFM. The effect of surface properties on protein conjugation was investigated using radiolabeling methods. It was shown that surfaces with POEGMA layers were protein resistant, while the quantity of protein conjugated to the diblock copolymer modified surfaces increased with increasing PGMA layer thickness. The activity of lysozyme conjugated on the surface could also be controlled by varying the thickness of the copolymer layer. When biotin was conjugated to the block copolymer grafts, the surface remained resistant to nonspecific protein adsorption but showed specific binding of avidin. These properties, that is, well-controlled quantity and activity of conjugated biomolecules and specificity of interaction with target biomolecules may be exploited for the improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in sensor applications. More generally, such surfaces may be useful as biological recognition elements of high specificity for functional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
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26
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Brault ND, White AD, Taylor AD, Yu Q, Jiang S. Directly functionalizable surface platform for protein arrays in undiluted human blood plasma. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1447-53. [PMID: 23298516 DOI: 10.1021/ac303462u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein arrays are a high-throughput approach for proteomic profiling, vital for achieving a greater understanding of biological systems, in addition to disease diagnostics and monitoring therapeutic treatments. In this work, zwitterionic carboxybetaine polymer (pCB) coated substrates were investigated as an array surface platform to enable convenient amino-coupling chemistry on a single directly functionalizable and unblocked film for the sensitive detection of target analytes from undiluted human blood plasma. Using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging sensor, the antibody immobilization conditions which provided excellent spot morphology and the largest antigen response were determined. It was found that pCB functionalization and the corresponding antigen detection both increased with pH and antibody concentration. Additionally, immobilization only required an aqueous buffer without the need for additives to improve spot quality. The nonspecific protein adsorption to undiluted human plasma on both the antibody immobilized pCB spots and the background were found to be about 9 and 6 ng/cm(2), respectively. A subsequent array consisting of three antibodies spotted onto pCB revealed little cross-reactivity for antigens spiked into the undiluted plasma. The low postfunctionalized nonfouling properties combined with antibody amplification showed similar sensitivities achievable with conventional spectroscopic SPR sensors and the same pCB films, but now with high-throughput capabilities. This represents the first demonstration of low fouling properties following antibody functionalization on protein arrays from undiluted human plasma and indicates the great potential of the pCB platform for high-throughput protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman D Brault
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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27
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He W, Jiang H, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Atom transfer radical polymerization of hydrophilic monomers and its applications. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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29
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Cheng D, Guo Y, Hsing IM. Autoantibody detection by direct counting of antigen-displayed yeast cells. Analyst 2012; 137:999-1004. [PMID: 22193284 DOI: 10.1039/c2an15946e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report a new immunoassay platform based on yeast surface display technology for detection of autoantibodies involved in autoimmune diseases, e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The autoantigens of Ro52/SSA epitope and SmD were chosen to be displayed on the yeast surface with their respective antibodies as the analytes. By using magnetic beads modified with protein G, yeast cells bound with specific target antibody can be captured. The amount of analytes could be determined by counting the number of fluorescent yeast cells captured in a magnetic field. The platform showed promising results in the detection of SLE autoantibodies with high sensitivity and multiplex detection capability over the traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhui Cheng
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
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30
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Chen C, Zhuang L, Li X, Dong J, Lu J. A many-body dissipative particle dynamics study of forced water-oil displacement in capillary. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1330-1336. [PMID: 22133087 DOI: 10.1021/la204207s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The forced water-oil displacement in capillary is a model that has important applications such as the groundwater remediation and the oil recovery. Whereas it is difficult for experimental studies to observe the displacement process in a capillary at nanoscale, the computational simulation is a unique approach in this regard. In the present work, the many-body dissipative particle dynamics (MDPD) method is employed to simulate the process of water-oil displacement in capillary with external force applied by a piston. As the property of all interfaces involved in this system can be manipulated independently, the dynamic displacement process is studied systematically under various conditions of distinct wettability of water in capillary and miscibility between water and oil as well as of different external forces. By analyzing the dependence of the starting force on the properties of water/capillary and water/oil interfaces, we find that there exist two different modes of the water-oil displacement. In the case of stronger water-oil interaction, the water particles cannot displace those oil particles sticking to the capillary wall, leaving a low oil recovery efficiency. To minimize the residual oil content in capillary, enhancing the wettability of water and reducing the external force will be beneficial. This simulation study provides microscopic insights into the water-oil displacement process in capillary and guiding information for relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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31
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Permadi A, Fahmi MZ, Chen JK, Chang JY, Cheng CY, Wang GQ, Ou KL. Preparation of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate coated CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots and their use in cell staining. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20187a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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32
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Liu Y, Guo CX, Hu W, Lu Z, Li CM. Sensitive protein microarray synergistically amplified by polymer brush-enhanced immobilizations of both probe and reporter. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 360:593-9. [PMID: 21640998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Great challenge remains to continuously improve sensitivity of protein microarrays for broad applications. A copolymer brush is in situ synthesized on both substrate and silica nanoparticle (SNP) surface to efficiently immobilize probe and reporter protein respectively for synergistic amplification of protein microarray signals. As a demonstration, sandwich immunoassay for a cancer biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection is performed on microarray platform, showing a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 pg/ml and dynamic range of 10 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml. Two orders improvement of LOD is achieved in comparison to the small crosslinker-activated substrate. The improved sensitivity is attributed to not only the high immobilization amount of both probe and reporter but also the favorite protein binding orientations offered by the flexible brushes. This work provides a universal approach to inexpensively and significantly improve protein microarray sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuai Liu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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