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Coskun UC, Kus F, Rehman AU, Morova B, Gulle M, Baser H, Kul D, Kiraz A, Baysal K, Erten A. An Easy-to-Fabricate Microfluidic Shallow Trench Induced Three-Dimensional Cell Culturing and Imaging (STICI3D) Platform. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8281-8293. [PMID: 35309421 PMCID: PMC8928507 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the established monolayer approach of two-dimensional cell cultures, three-dimensional (3D) cultures more closely resemble in vivo models; that is, the cells interact and form clusters mimicking their organization in native tissue. Therefore, the cellular microenvironment of these 3D cultures proves to be more clinically relevant. In this study, we present a novel easy-to-fabricate microfluidic shallow trench induced 3D cell culturing and imaging (STICI3D) platform, suitable for rapid fabrication as well as mass manufacturing. Our design consists of a shallow trench, within which various hydrogels can be formed in situ via capillary action, between and fully in contact with two side channels that allow cell seeding and media replenishment, as well as forming concentration gradients of various molecules. Compared to a micropillar-based burst valve design, which requires sophisticated microfabrication facilities, our capillary-based STICI3D can be fabricated using molds prepared with simple adhesive tapes and razors alone. The simple design supports the easy applicability of mass-production methods such as hot embossing and injection molding as well. To optimize the STICI3D design, we investigated the effect of individual design parameters such as corner radii, trench height, and surface wettability under various inlet pressures on the confinement of a hydrogel solution within the shallow trench using Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations supported with experimental validation. We identified ideal design values that improved the robustness of hydrogel confinement and reduced the effect of end-user dependent factors such as hydrogel solution loading pressure. Finally, we demonstrated cultures of human mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical cord endothelial cells in the STICI3D to show that it supports 3D cell cultures and enables precise control of cellular microenvironment and real-time microscopic imaging. The easy-to-fabricate and highly adaptable nature of the STICI3D platform makes it suitable for researchers interested in fabricating custom polydimethylsiloxane devices as well as those who are in need of ready-to-use plastic platforms. As such, STICI3Ds can be used in imaging cell-cell interactions, angiogenesis, semiquantitative analysis of drug response in cells, and measurement of transport through cell sheet barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Can Coskun
- Faculty
of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Istanbul
Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Funda Kus
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ateeq Ur Rehman
- Biomedical
Eng. Technology Program, Foundation University
Islamabad, Islamabad Phase-I, DHA, Pakistan
| | - Berna Morova
- Department
of Physics, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Merve Gulle
- Department
of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Hatice Baser
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Demet Kul
- School of
Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Koç
University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Alper Kiraz
- Department
of Physics, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Kemal Baysal
- School of
Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Koç
University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- KUTTAM,
Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Erten
- Department
of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
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2
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Hayaei Tehrani RS, Hajari MA, Ghorbaninejad Z, Esfandiari F. Droplet microfluidic devices for organized stem cell differentiation into germ cells: capabilities and challenges. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:1245-1271. [PMID: 35059040 PMCID: PMC8724463 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Demystifying the mechanisms that underlie germline development and gamete production is critical for expanding advanced therapies for infertile couples who cannot benefit from current infertility treatments. However, the low number of germ cells, particularly in the early stages of development, represents a serious challenge in obtaining sufficient materials required for research purposes. In this regard, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have provided an opportunity for producing an unlimited source of germ cells in vitro. Achieving this ambition is highly dependent on accurate stem cell niche reconstitution which is achievable through applying advanced cell engineering approaches. Recently, hydrogel microparticles (HMPs), as either microcarriers or microcapsules, have shown promising potential in providing an excellent 3-dimensional (3D) biomimetic microenvironment alongside the systematic bioactive agent delivery. In this review, recent studies of utilizing various HMP-based cell engineering strategies for appropriate niche reconstitution and efficient in vitro differentiation are highlighted with a special focus on the capabilities of droplet-based microfluidic (DBM) technology. We believe that a deep understanding of the current limitations and potentials of the DBM systems in integration with stem cell biology provides a bright future for germ cell research. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12551-021-00907-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Sadat Hayaei Tehrani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 16635-148, 1665659911 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Hajari
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Ghorbaninejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 16635-148, 1665659911 Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Esfandiari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 16635-148, 1665659911 Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, which makes it a very impactful malignancy in the society. Breast cancers can be classified through different systems based on the main tumor features and gene, protein, and cell receptors expression, which will determine the most advisable therapeutic course and expected outcomes. Multiple therapeutic options have already been proposed and implemented for breast cancer treatment. Nonetheless, their use and efficacy still greatly depend on the tumor classification, and treatments are commonly associated with invasiveness, pain, discomfort, severe side effects, and poor specificity. This has demanded an investment in the research of the mechanisms behind the disease progression, evolution, and associated risk factors, and on novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. However, advances in the understanding and assessment of breast cancer are dependent on the ability to mimic the properties and microenvironment of tumors in vivo, which can be achieved through experimentation on animal models. This review covers an overview of the main animal models used in breast cancer research, namely in vitro models, in vivo models, in silico models, and other models. For each model, the main characteristics, advantages, and challenges associated to their use are highlighted.
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4
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A Dynamic Hanging-Drop System for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124298. [PMID: 32560269 PMCID: PMC7352343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been many microfluid technologies combined with hanging-drop for cell culture gotten developed in the past decade. A common problem within these devices is that the cell suspension introduced at the central inlet could cause a number of cells in each microwell to not regularize. Also, the instability of droplets during the spheroid formation remains an unsolved ordeal. In this study, we designed a microfluidic-based hanging-drop culture system with the design of taper-tube that can increase the stability of droplets while enhancing the rate of liquid exchange. A ring is surrounding the taper-tube. The ring can hold the cells to enable us to seed an adequate amount of cells before perfusion. Moreover, during the period of cell culture, the mechanical force around the cell is relatively low to prevent stem cells from differentiate and maintain the phenotype. As a result of our hanging system design, cells are designed to accumulate at the bottom of the droplet. This method enhances convenience for observation activities and analysis of experiments. Thus, this microfluid chip can be used as an in vitro platform representing in vivo physiological conditions, and can be useful in regenerative therapy.
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5
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Hochstetter A. Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for the Single Cell Level: Separation, Analysis, and Diagnostics. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E468. [PMID: 32365567 PMCID: PMC7281269 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last three decades, microfluidics and its applications have been on an exponential rise, including approaches to isolate rare cells and diagnose diseases on the single-cell level. The techniques mentioned herein have already had significant impacts in our lives, from in-the-field diagnosis of disease and parasitic infections, through home fertility tests, to uncovering the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and their host cells. This review gives an overview of the field in general and the most notable developments of the last five years, in three parts: 1. What can we detect? 2. Which detection technologies are used in which setting? 3. How do these techniques work? Finally, this review discusses potentials, shortfalls, and an outlook on future developments, especially in respect to the funding landscape and the field-application of these chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hochstetter
- Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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6
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Dhiman N, Kingshott P, Sumer H, Sharma CS, Rath SN. On-chip anticancer drug screening - Recent progress in microfluidic platforms to address challenges in chemotherapy. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 137:236-254. [PMID: 31121461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for advanced and inexpensive preclinical models to accelerate the development of anticancer drugs. While costly animal models fail to predict human clinical outcomes, in vitro models such as microfluidic chips ('tumor-on-chip') are showing tremendous promise at predicting and providing meaningful preclinical drug screening outcomes. Research on 'tumor-on-chips' has grown enormously worldwide and is being widely accepted by pharmaceutical companies as a drug development tool. In light of this shift in philosophy, it is important to review the recent literature on microfluidic devices to determine how rapidly the technology has progressed as a promising model for drug screening and aiding cancer therapy. We review the past five years of successful developments and capabilities in microdevice technology (cancer models) for use in anticancer drug screening. Microfluidic devices that are being designed to address current challenges in chemotherapy, such as drug resistance, combinatorial drug therapy, personalized medicine, and cancer metastasis are also reviewed in detail. We provide a perspective on how personalized 'tumor-on-chip', as well as high-throughput microfluidic platforms based on patient-specific tumor cells, can potentially replace the more expensive and 'non-human' animal models in preclinical anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Dhiman
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huseyin Sumer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chandra S Sharma
- Creative & Advanced Research Based On Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India.
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7
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Roberts S, Peyman S, Speirs V. Current and Emerging 3D Models to Study Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:413-427. [PMID: 31456197 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For decades 2D culture has been used to study breast cancer. In recent years, however, the importance of 3D culture to recapitulate the complexity of human disease has received attention. A breakthrough for 3D culture came as a result of a Nature editorial 'Goodbye Flat Biology' (Anonymous, Nature 424:861-861, 2003). Since then scientists have developed and implemented a range of different and more clinically relevant models, which are used to study breast cancer. In this chapter multiple different 3D models will be discussed including spheroids, microfluidic and bio-printed models and in silico models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Roberts
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sally Peyman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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8
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Yeon JH, Chung SH, Baek C, Hwang H, Min J. A Simple Pipetting-based Method for Encapsulating Live Cells into Multi-layered Hydrogel Droplets. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-018-2307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Rijal G, Li W. A versatile 3D tissue matrix scaffold system for tumor modeling and drug screening. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700764. [PMID: 28924608 PMCID: PMC5597314 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Most of the anticancer drug candidates entering preclinical trials fail to be approved for clinical applications. The following are among the main causes of these failures: studying molecular mechanisms of cancer development, identifying therapeutic targets, and testing drug candidates using inappropriate tissue culture models, which do not recapitulate the native microenvironment where the cancer cells originate. It has become clear that three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are more biologically and clinically relevant than 2D models. The spatial and mechanical conditions of 3D cultures enable the cancer cells to display heterogeneous growth, assume diverse phenotypes, express distinct gene and protein products, and attain metastatic potential and resistance to drugs that are reminiscent of tumors in humans. However, the current 3D culture systems using synthetic polymers or selected components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are defective (particularly the biophysical and biochemical properties of the native ECM) and remain distant to optimally support the signaling cue-oriented cell survival and growth. We introduce a reconstitutable tissue matrix scaffold (TMS) system fabricated using native tissue ECM, with tissue-like architecture and resilience. The structural and compositional properties of TMS favor robust cell survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion in culture and vascularized tumor formation in animals. The combination of porous and hydrogel TMS allows compartmental culture of cancerous and stromal cells, which are distinguishable by biomarkers. The response of the cancer cells grown on TMS to drugs well reflects animal and clinical observations. TMS enables more biologically relevant studies and is suitable for preclinical drug screening.
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10
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Microfabricated cell culture system for the live cell observation of the multilayered proliferation of undifferentiated HT-29 cells. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-017-1407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Yildiz-Ozturk E, Gulce-Iz S, Anil M, Yesil-Celiktas O. Cytotoxic responses of carnosic acid and doxorubicin on breast cancer cells in butterfly-shaped microchips in comparison to 2D and 3D culture. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:337-347. [PMID: 28191587 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two dimensional (2D) cell culture systems lack the ability to mimic in vivo conditions resulting in limitations for preclinical cell-based drug and toxicity screening assays and modelling tumor biology. Alternatively, 3D cell culture systems mimic the specificity of native tissue with better physiological integrity. In this regard, microfluidic chips have gained wide applicability for in vitro 3D cancer cell studies. The aim of this research was to develop a 3D biomimetic model comprising culture of breast cancer cells in butterfly-shaped microchip to determine the cytotoxicity of carnosic acid and doxorubicin on both estrogen dependent (MCF-7) and independent (MDA-MB231) breast cancer cells along with healthy mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A) in 2D, 3D Matrigel™ and butterfly-shaped microchip environment. According to the developed mimetic model, carnosic acid exhibited a higher cytotoxicity towards MDA-MB 231, while doxorubicin was more effective against MCF-7. Although the cell viabilities were higher in comparison to 2D and 3D cell culture systems, the responses of the investigated molecules were different in the microchips based on the molecular weight and structural complexity indicating the importance of biomimicry in a physiologically relevant matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Yildiz-Ozturk
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sultan Gulce-Iz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muge Anil
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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12
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A bladder cancer microenvironment simulation system based on a microfluidic co-culture model. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37695-705. [PMID: 26462177 PMCID: PMC4741958 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A tumor microenvironment may promote tumor metastasis and progression through the dynamic interplay between neoplastic cells and stromal cells. In this work, the most representative and significant stromal cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages were used as vital component elements and combined with bladder cancer cells to construct a bladder cancer microenvironment simulation system. This is the first report to explore bladder cancer microenvironments based on 4 types of cells co-cultured simultaneously. This simulation system comprises perfusion equipment, matrigel channel units, a medium channel and four indirect contact culture chambers, allowing four types of cells to simultaneously interact through soluble biological factors and metabolites. With this system, bladder cancer cells (T24) with a tendency to form a ‘reticular’ structure under 3 dimensional culture conditions were observed in real time. The microenvironment characteristics of paracrine interactions and cell motility were successfully simulated in this system. The phenotype change process in stromal cells was successfully reproduced in this system by testing the macrophage effector molecule Arg-1. Arg-1 was highly expressed in the simulated tumor microenvironment group. To develop “precision medicine” in bladder cancer therapy, bladder cancer cells were treated with different clinical ‘neo-adjuvant’ chemotherapy schemes in this system, and their sensitivity differences were fully reflected. This work provides a preliminary foundation for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer, a theoretical foundation for tumor microenvironment simulation and promotes individual therapy in bladder cancer patients.
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13
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Kashaninejad N, Nikmaneshi MR, Moghadas H, Kiyoumarsi Oskouei A, Rismanian M, Barisam M, Saidi MS, Firoozabadi B. Organ-Tumor-on-a-Chip for Chemosensitivity Assay: A Critical Review. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7080130. [PMID: 30404302 PMCID: PMC6190381 DOI: 10.3390/mi7080130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With a mortality rate over 580,000 per year, cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. However, the emerging field of microfluidics can potentially shed light on this puzzling disease. Unique characteristics of microfluidic chips (also known as micro-total analysis system) make them excellent candidates for biological applications. The ex vivo approach of tumor-on-a-chip is becoming an indispensable part of personalized medicine and can replace in vivo animal testing as well as conventional in vitro methods. In tumor-on-a-chip, the complex three-dimensional (3D) nature of malignant tumor is co-cultured on a microfluidic chip and high throughput screening tools to evaluate the efficacy of anticancer drugs are integrated on the same chip. In this article, we critically review the cutting edge advances in this field and mainly categorize each tumor-on-a-chip work based on its primary organ. Specifically, design, fabrication and characterization of tumor microenvironment; cell culture technique; transferring mechanism of cultured cells into the microchip; concentration gradient generators for drug delivery; in vitro screening assays of drug efficacy; and pros and cons of each microfluidic platform used in the recent literature will be discussed separately for the tumor of following organs: (1) Lung; (2) Bone marrow; (3) Brain; (4) Breast; (5) Urinary system (kidney, bladder and prostate); (6) Intestine; and (7) Liver. By comparing these microchips, we intend to demonstrate the unique design considerations of each tumor-on-a-chip based on primary organ, e.g., how microfluidic platform of lung-tumor-on-a-chip may differ from liver-tumor-on-a-chip. In addition, the importance of heart–liver–intestine co-culture with microvasculature in tumor-on-a-chip devices for in vitro chemosensitivity assay will be discussed. Such system would be able to completely evaluate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) of anticancer drugs and more realistically recapitulate tumor in vivo-like microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Kashaninejad
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hajar Moghadas
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Milad Rismanian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Barisam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Said Saidi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahar Firoozabadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Human breast cancer-derived soluble factors facilitate CCL19-induced chemotaxis of human dendritic cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30207. [PMID: 27451948 PMCID: PMC4958978 DOI: 10.1038/srep30207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains as a challenging disease with high mortality in women. Increasing evidence points the importance of understanding a crosstalk between breast cancers and immune cells, but little is known about the effect of breast cancer-derived factors on the migratory properties of dendritic cells (DCs) and their consequent capability in inducing T cell immune responses. Utilizing a unique 3D microfluidic device, we here showed that breast cancers (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436 and SK-BR-3)-derived soluble factors increase the migration of DCs toward CCL19. The enhanced migration of DCs was mainly mediated via the highly activated JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway, increasing their directional persistence, while the velocity of DCs was not influenced, particularly when they were co-cultured with triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs or MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436). The DCs up-regulated inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 and induced T cells more proliferative and resistant against activation-induced cell death (AICD), which secret high levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ. This study demonstrated new possible evasion strategy of TNBCs utilizing their soluble factors that exploit the directionality of DCs toward chemokine responses, leading to the building of inflammatory milieu which may support their own growth.
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15
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Regier MC, Alarid ET, Beebe DJ. Progress towards understanding heterotypic interactions in multi-culture models of breast cancer. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:684-92. [PMID: 27097801 PMCID: PMC4993016 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00001k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microenvironments in primary tumors and metastases include multiple cell types whose dynamic and reciprocal interactions are central to progression of the disease. However, the literature involving breast cancer studied in vitro is dominated by cancer cells in mono-culture or co-cultured with one other cell type. For in vitro studies of breast cancer the inclusion of multiple cell types has led to models that are more representative of in vivo behaviors and functions as compared to more traditional monoculture. Here, we review foundational co-culture techniques and their adaptation to multi-culture (including three or more cell types). Additionally, while macroscale methods involving conditioned media, direct contact, and indirect interactions have been informative, we examined many advances that have been made more recently using microscale systems with increased control over cellular and structural complexity. Throughout this discussion we consider the benefits and limitations of current multi-culture methods and the significant results they have produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Regier
- Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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16
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Rijal G, Li W. 3D scaffolds in breast cancer research. Biomaterials 2016; 81:135-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Kim J, Tanner K. Recapitulating the Tumor Ecosystem Along the Metastatic Cascade Using 3D Culture Models. Front Oncol 2015; 5:170. [PMID: 26284194 PMCID: PMC4518327 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer research have shown that a tumor can be likened to a foreign species that disrupts delicately balanced ecological interactions, compromising the survival of normal tissue ecosystems. In efforts to mitigate tumor expansion and metastasis, experimental approaches from ecology are becoming more frequently and successfully applied by researchers from diverse disciplines to reverse engineer and re-engineer biological systems in order to normalize the tumor ecosystem. We present a review on the use of 3D biomimetic platforms to recapitulate biotic and abiotic components of the tumor ecosystem, in efforts to delineate the underlying mechanisms that drive evolution of tumor heterogeneity, tumor dissemination, and acquisition of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Nano System Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Xu Y, Wang X. Fluid and cell behaviors along a 3D printed alginate/gelatin/fibrin channel. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1683-95. [PMID: 25727058 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell manipulation is available with the integration of microfluidic technology and rapid prototyping techniques. High-Fidelity (Hi-Fi) constructs hold enormous therapeutic potential for organ manufacturing and regenerative medicine. In the present paper we introduced a quasi-three-dimensional (Q3D) model with parallel biocompatible alginate/gelatin/fibrin hurdles. The behaviors of fluids and cells along the microfluidic channels with various widths were studied. Cells inside the newly designed microfluidic channels attached and grew well. Morphological changes of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D milieu were found on the printed constructs. Endothelialization occurred with the co-cultures of ADSCs and hepatocytes. This study provides insights into the interactions among fluids, cells and biomaterials, the behaviors of fluids and cells along the microfluidic channels, and the applications of Q3D techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education & Center of Organ Manufacturing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education & Center of Organ Manufacturing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
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Khan F, Tanaka M, Ahmad SR. Fabrication of polymeric biomaterials: a strategy for tissue engineering and medical devices. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8224-8249. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01370d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of biomaterials scaffolds using various methods and techniques is discussed, utilising biocompatible, biodegradable and stimuli-responsive polymers and their composites. This review covers the lithography and printing techniques, self-organisation and self-assembly methods for 3D structural scaffolds generation, and smart hydrogels, for tissue regeneration and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdous Khan
- Senior Polymer Chemist
- ECOSE-Biopolymer
- Knauf Insulation Limited
- St. Helens
- UK
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Biomaterials Science Group
- Department of Biochemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa
| | - Sheikh Rafi Ahmad
- Centre for Applied Laser Spectroscopy
- CDS
- DEAS
- Cranfield University
- Swindon
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20
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Acosta MA, Jiang X, Huang PK, Cutler KB, Grant CS, Walker GM, Gamcsik MP. A microfluidic device to study cancer metastasis under chronic and intermittent hypoxia. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:054117. [PMID: 25584114 PMCID: PMC4290574 DOI: 10.1063/1.4898788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells must traverse a microenvironment ranging from extremely hypoxic, within the tumor, to highly oxygenated, within the host's vasculature. Tumor hypoxia can be further characterized by regions of both chronic and intermittent hypoxia. We present the design and characterization of a microfluidic device that can simultaneously mimic the oxygenation conditions observed within the tumor and model the cell migration and intravasation processes. This device can generate spatial oxygen gradients of chronic hypoxia and produce dynamically changing hypoxic microenvironments in long-term culture of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Acosta
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University , 4206D Engineering Building III, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7115, USA
| | - Xiao Jiang
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University , 4206D Engineering Building III, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7115, USA
| | - Pin-Kang Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Kyle B Cutler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine , 1002 Health Services Road, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Christine S Grant
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University , 4206D Engineering Building III, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7115, USA
| | - Glenn M Walker
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University , 4206D Engineering Building III, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7115, USA
| | - Michael P Gamcsik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
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Hwang H, Kim EK, Park J, Suh PG, Cho YK. RhoA and Rac1 play independent roles in lysophosphatidic acid-induced ovarian cancer chemotaxis. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:267-76. [PMID: 24469268 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which is a bioactive phospholipid existing at high level in ascites and plasma of ovarian cancer patients, is known to be involved in cell survival, proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) such as RhoA and Rac1 are intracellular signaling molecules which affect morphology and chemotactic behavior of cells. In this research, we first investigated roles of RhoA and Rac1 in the LPA-induced chemotaxis of SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells using a multilevel microfluidic platform. The multilevel microfluidic device was fabricated by a rapid prototyping method based on soft lithography using multi-layered adhesive tapes. This platform allows us to conduct the on-chip chemotaxis assays in conventional biology laboratories without any huge and expensive equipment for fabrication and fluidic manipulation. Based on image-based analysis of single cell trajectories in the microfluidic device, the chemotaxis of SKOV3 cells could be quantitatively analyzed in two independent parameters-migration speed and directional persistence. Inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathways reduced the directional persistence, not the migration speed, of the cells, while only the migration speed was decreased when the activity of Rac1/PAK pathways was suppressed. These results suggest that RhoA and Rac1 signaling pathways potentially play independent roles in the chemotactic migration of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells in the linear and stable LPA concentration gradient. Our microfluidic platform would provide a rapid, low cost, easy-to-use, and versatile way for research of cancer cell migration which is crucial for tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyundoo Hwang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.
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Tung CK, Krupa O, Apyadin E, Liou J, Diaz-Santana A, Kim BJ, Wu M. A contact line pinning based microfluidic platform for modelling physiological flows. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3876-85. [PMID: 23917952 PMCID: PMC4505921 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This work introduces a contact line pinning based microfluidic platform for the generation of interstitial and intramural flows within a three dimensional (3D) microenvironment for cellular behaviour studies. A contact line pinning method was used to confine a natively derived biomatrix, collagen, in microfluidic channels without walls. By patterning collagen in designated wall-less channels, we demonstrated and validated the intramural flows through a microfluidic channel bounded by a monolayer of endothelial cells (mimic of a vascular vessel), as well as slow interstitial flows within a cell laden collagen matrix using the same microfluidic platform. The contact line pinning method ensured the generation of an engineered endothelial tube with straight walls, and spatially uniform interstitial fluid flows through the cell embedded 3D collagen matrix. Using this device, we demonstrated that the breast tumour cells' (MDA-MB-231 cell line) morphology and motility were modulated by the interstitial flows, and the motility of a sub-population of the cells was enhanced by the presence of the flow. The presented microfluidic platform provides a basic framework for studies of cellular behaviour including cell transmigration, growth, and adhesion under well controlled interstitial and intramural flows, and within a physiologically realistic 3D co-culture setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-kuan Tung
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.; Tel: 1-607-255-9410
| | - Oleh Krupa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Elif Apyadin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.; Tel: 1-607-255-9410
| | - Jiun Liou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Diaz-Santana
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Beum Jun Kim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.; Tel: 1-607-255-9410
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.; Tel: 1-607-255-9410
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