1
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Giri PS, Rath SN. Macrophage Polarization Dynamics in Biomaterials: Implications for in Vitro Wound Healing. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:2413-2422. [PMID: 38536097 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between biomaterials and the immune system plays a pivotal role in determining the success or failure of implantable devices. Macrophages, as key orchestrators of immune responses, exhibit diverse reactions that influence tissue integration or lead to implant failure. This study focuses on unraveling the intricate relationship between macrophage phenotypes and biomaterials, specifically hydrogels, by employing THP-1 cells as a model. Through a comprehensive investigation using polysaccharide, polymer, and protein-based hydrogels, our research sheds light on how the properties of hydrogels influence macrophage polarization. Phenotypic observations, biochemical assays, surface marker expression, and gene expression profiles collectively demonstrate the differential macrophage polarization abilities of polysaccharide-, polymer-, and protein-based hydrogels. Moreover, our indirect coculture studies reveal that hydrogels fostering M2 polarization exhibit exceptional wound-healing capabilities. These findings highlight the crucial role of the hydrogel microenvironment in adjusting macrophage polarization, offering a fresh avenue for refining biomaterials to bolster advantageous immune responses and improve tissue integration. This research contributes valuable insights for designing biomaterials with tailored properties that can guide macrophage behavior, ultimately improving the overall success of implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Shankar Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284 Telangana, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284 Telangana, India
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2
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Kumari N, Pullaguri N, Rath SN, Bajaj A, Sahu V, Ealla KKR. Dysregulation of calcium homeostasis in cancer and its role in chemoresistance. Cancer Drug Resist 2024; 7:11. [PMID: 38510751 PMCID: PMC10951838 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Globally, cancer, as a major public health concern, poses a severe threat to people's well-being. Advanced and specialized therapies can now cure the majority of people with early-stage cancer. However, emerging resistance to traditional and novel chemotherapeutic drugs remains a serious issue in clinical medicine. Chemoresistance often leads to cancer recurrence, metastasis, and increased mortality, accounting for 90% of chemotherapy failures. Thus, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and find novel therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Among the several factors responsible for chemoresistance, calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation plays a significant role in cancer progression and chemoresistance. Therefore, targeting this derailed Ca2+ signalling for cancer therapy has become an emerging research area. Of note, the Ca2+ signal and its proteins are a multifaceted and potent tool by which cells achieve specific outcomes. Depending on cell survival needs, Ca2+ is either upregulated or downregulated in both chemosensitive and chemoresistant cancer cells. Consequently, the appropriate treatment should be selected based on Ca2+ signalling dysregulation. This review discusses the role of Ca2+ in cancer cells and the targeting of Ca2+ channels, pumps, and exchangers. Furthermore, we have emphasised the role of Ca2+ in chemoresistance and therapeutic strategies. In conclusion, targeting Ca2+ signalling is a multifaceted process. Methods such as site-specific drug delivery, target-based drug-designing, and targeting two or more Ca2+ proteins simultaneously may be explored; however, further clinical studies are essential to validate Ca2+ blockers' anti-cancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500055, India
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Narasimha Pullaguri
- Research & Development division, Hetero Biopharma Limited, Jadcherla 509301, India
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 502284, India
| | - Ashish Bajaj
- National Reference Laboratory, Oncquest Laboratories Ltd., Gurugram 122001, India
| | - Vikas Sahu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad 500055, India
| | - Kranti Kiran Reddy Ealla
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad 500055, India
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3
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Agrawal H, Giri PS, Meena P, Rath SN, Mishra AK. A Neutral Flavin-Triphenylamine Probe for Mitochondrial Bioimaging under Different Microenvironments. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1857-1862. [PMID: 38116415 PMCID: PMC10726442 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A bioinspired design built around a neutral flavin-triphenylamine core has been investigated for selective mitochondrial bioimaging capabilities in different microenvironments. Significant advantages with respect to long-term tracking, faster internalization, penetrability within the spheroid structures, and strong emission signal under induced hypoxia conditions have been observed, which could offer an alternative to the existing mitotrackers for hypoxia-related biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha
Gopal Agrawal
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Sangareddy, Hyderabad 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Pravin Shankar Giri
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology, Sangareddy, Hyderabad502285, Telangana, India
| | - Poonam Meena
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Sangareddy, Hyderabad 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology, Sangareddy, Hyderabad502285, Telangana, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Mishra
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Sangareddy, Hyderabad 502285, Telangana, India
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4
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Krishnamoorthi S, Kasinathan GN, Paramasivam G, Rath SN, Prakash J. Selective Targeting of Lung Cancer Cells with Methylparaben-Tethered-Quinidine Cocrystals in 3D Spheroid Models. ACS Omega 2023; 8:46628-46639. [PMID: 38107962 PMCID: PMC10720001 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The development and design of pharmaceutical cocrystals for various biological applications has garnered significant interest. In this study, we have established methodologies for the growth of the methylparaben-quinidine cocrystal (MP-QU), which exhibits a well-defined order that favors structure-property correlation. To confirm the cocrystal formation, we subjected the cocrystals to various physicochemical analyses such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), Raman, and IR spectroscopy. The results of the XRD pattern comparisons indicated no polymorphisms, and density functional theory (DFT) studies in both gaseous and liquid phases revealed enhanced stability. Our in silico docking studies demonstrated the cocrystal's high-affinity binding towards cancer-specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Janus kinase (JAK), and other receptors. Furthermore, in vitro testing against three-dimensional (3D) spheroids of lung cancer (A549) and normal fibroblast cells (L929) demonstrated the cocrystal's higher anticancer potential, supported by cell viability measurements and live/dead assays. Interestingly, the cocrystal showed selectivity between cancerous and normal 3D spheroids. We found that the MP-QU cocrystal inhibited migration and invadopodia formation of cancer spheroids in a favorable 3D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sritharan Krishnamoorthi
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT) Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Gokula Nathan Kasinathan
- Regenerative
Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Hyderabad (IITH), Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Ganesan Paramasivam
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT) Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600036, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative
Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Hyderabad (IITH), Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT) Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
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5
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Chittajallu SNSH, Gururani H, Tse KM, Rath SN, Basu S, Chinthapenta V. Investigation of microstructural failure in the human cornea through fracture tests. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13876. [PMID: 37620375 PMCID: PMC10449857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fracture toughness of the human cornea is one of the critical parameters in suture-involved corneal surgeries and the development of bioengineered mimetics of the human cornea. The present article systematically studied the fracture characteristics of the human cornea to evaluate its resistance to tear in the opening (Mode-I) and trouser tear mode (Mode-III). Tear experiments reveal the dependency of the fracture behavior on the notch size and its location created in the corneal specimens. The findings indicate lamellar tear and collagen fiber pull-out as a failure mechanism in trouser tear and opening mode tests, respectively. Experimental results have shown a localized variation of tear behavior in trouser tear mode and indicated an increasing resistance to tear from the corneal center to the periphery. This article demonstrated the complications of evaluating fracture toughness in opening mode and showed that the limbus was weaker than the cornea and sclera against tearing. The overall outcomes of the present study help in designing experiments to understand the toughness of the diseased tissues, understanding the effect of the suturing location and donor placement, and creating numerical models to study parameters affecting corneal replacement surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Naga Sri Harsha Chittajallu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IIT Hyderabad), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Technology Innovation, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Himanshu Gururani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IIT Hyderabad), Hyderabad, India
| | - Kwong Ming Tse
- Department of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Viswanath Chinthapenta
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IIT Hyderabad), Hyderabad, India.
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6
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Thomas T, Govindharaj M, Unni HN, Kumari N, Rath SN. On-chip mixing of cancer cells and drug using LED enabled 2D opto-wetting droplet platforms. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2023; 9. [PMID: 37171088 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/acd009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Droplets of microliter size serve as miniaturized reaction chambers for practical lab on a chip (LoC) applications. The transportation and coalescence of droplets are indispensable for realizing microfluidic mixing. Light can be used as an effective tool for droplet manipulation. We report a novel platform for LED-based transport and mixing of cell-encapsulated microdroplets for evaluating dose response of cancer drugs. Microcontroller enabled LEDs (Light-emitting diodes) were used to actuate droplet movement on Azobenzene coated planar silicon substrates. Droplet transport was initiated by the spatial gradient in solid-liquid interfacial tension developed through LED triggered photoisomerization of Azobenzene substrate. Detailed UV-Visible characterization of Azobenzene molecule was performed for different LED light intensities and wavelengths. A complete standalone opto-wetting toolbox was developed by integrating various components such as a microcontroller, UV LED (385 nm), blue LED (465 nm), and Azobenzene coated photoresponsive substrate. 2D transport of DI water droplets (10-30μl) along simple trajectories was demonstrated using this device. Subsequently, the proposed opto-wetting platform was used for performing drug evaluation through on-chip mixing of droplets containing cancer cells (A549-Lung cancer cells) and cancer drug (paclitaxel). Separate cell viability analysis was performed using MTT assays, where the cytocompatibility of Azobenzene and UV light (385 nm) on A549 cells were studied. The dosage response of paclitaxel drug was studied using both MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and live-dead cell assays. The results obtained indicate the potential use of our device as a cost-effective, reliable opto-wetting microfluidic platform for drug screening experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Thomas
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, IITH Main Road, Near NH-65, Sangareddy, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Mano Govindharaj
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, IITH Main Road, Near NH-65, Sangareddy, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Harikrishnan Narayanan Unni
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, IITH Main Road, Near NH-65, Sangareddy, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Neema Kumari
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, IITH Main Road, Near NH-65, Sangareddy, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, IITH Main Road, Near NH-65, Sangareddy, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
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7
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Ravi S, Chokkakula LPP, Giri PS, Korra G, Dey SR, Rath SN. 3D Bioprintable Hypoxia-Mimicking PEG-Based Nano Bioink for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:19921-19936. [PMID: 37058130 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As hypoxia plays a significant role in the formation and maintenance of cartilage tissue, aiming to develop native hypoxia-mimicking tissue engineering scaffolds is an efficient method to treat articular cartilage (AC) defects. Cobalt (Co) is documented for its hypoxic-inducing effects in vitro by stabilizing the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a chief regulator of stem cell fate. Considering this, we developed a novel three-dimensional (3D) bioprintable hypoxia-mimicking nano bioink wherein cobalt nanowires (Co NWs) were incorporated into the poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel system as a hypoxia-inducing agent and encapsulated with umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs). In the current study, we investigated the impact of Co NWs on the chondrogenic differentiation of UMSCs in the PEGDA hydrogel system. Herein, the hypoxia-mimicking nano bioink (PEGDA+Co NW) was rheologically optimized to bioprint geometrically stable cartilaginous constructs. The bioprinted 3D constructs were evaluated for their physicochemical characterization, swelling-degradation behavior, mechanical properties, cell proliferation, and the expression of chondrogenic markers by histological, immunofluorescence, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods. The results disclosed that, compared to the control (PEGDA) group, the hypoxia-mimicking nano bioink (PEGDA+Co NW) group outperformed in print fidelity and mechanical properties. Furthermore, live/dead staining, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) content demonstrated that adding low amounts of Co NWs (<20 ppm) into PEGDA hydrogel system supported UMSC adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Histological and immunofluorescence staining of the PEGDA+Co NW bioprinted structures revealed the production of type 2 collagen (COL2) and sulfated GAGs, rendering it a feasible option for cartilage repair. It was further corroborated by a significant upregulation of the hypoxia-mediated chondrogenic and downregulation of the hypertrophic/osteogenic marker expression. In conclusion, the hypoxia-mimicking hydrogel system, including PEGDA and Co2+ ions, synergistically directs the UMSCs toward the chondrocyte lineage without using expensive growth factors and provides an alternative strategy for translational applications in the cartilage tissue engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Ravi
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, Telangana, India
| | - L P Pavithra Chokkakula
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Pravin Shankar Giri
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Gayathri Korra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Manjeera Super Specialty Hospital, Sangareddy 502001, Medak, Telangana, India
| | - Suhash Ranjan Dey
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, Telangana, India
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8
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V S S, Giri PS, Nellore V, Rath SN. Osteomatrix as a personalized 3D tissue-specific invasion test-bed for oral carcinoma. Biomater Sci 2023. [PMID: 37057646 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01870e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The clinical challenge in the successful management of oral cancer malignancy remains in the inaccuracy of detecting regional invasion potential and inefficient treatment of recurrent tumors. The presence and extent of bone invasion by the oral tumor are of critical importance as they can influence the preoperative strategy altering the prognosis outcome. Here, we are examining the patient-specific osteotropism of oral carcinoma using a bone derived extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix (ECM) was obtained from caprine bone by a combination of demineralization, delipidation and decellularization (D3) techniques. The bone D3-derived ECM (BdECM) tissue was characterized for analyzing the effective removal of cells, minerals, and lipids with an intact structure and chemical composition. The human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the osteomatrix (BdECM derived hydrogel) exhibited excellent cell viability and early osteogenic differentiation capacity in vitro. Furthermore, the osteomatrix polarized monocytes towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2 macrophage) indicating its low immunogenicity. In the second phase of this study, we isolated and established primary cancer cell cultures from patient-derived tissue exhibiting the cancer stem cell marker phenotype (EpCAM+/CD44high/CD24-). Moreover, the presence of side population (SP) cells confirmed a contributing factor for resistance to cancer therapy. The spheroid formed from primary cells embedded in the osteomatrix was used as a test-bed to monitor the invasion profile and screening of anti-cancer drugs. Our 3D test platform captured the inter-patient heterogeneity by displaying variation in the degree of invasion and response towards tested doses of anticancer drugs. Altogether, our data emphasize the necessity of a tissue-specific in vitro preclinical model for the evaluation of oral carcinogenesis and drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya V S
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India.
| | - Pravin Shankar Giri
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India.
| | | | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India.
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9
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Kamaraj M, Giri PS, Mahapatra S, Pati F, Rath SN. Bioengineering strategies for 3D bioprinting of tubular construct using tissue-specific decellularized extracellular matrix. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1405-1419. [PMID: 36375675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current study is to develop an extracellular matrix bioink that could mimic the biochemical components present in natural blood vessels. Here, we have used an innovative approach to recycle the discarded varicose vein for isolation of endothelial cells and decellularization of the same sample to formulate the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) bioink. The shift towards dECM bioink observed as varicose vein dECM provides the tissue-specific biochemical factors that will enhance the regeneration capability. Interestingly, the encapsulated umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells expressed the markers of vascular smooth muscle cells because of the cues present in the vein dECM. Further, in vitro immunological investigation of dECM revealed a predominant M2 polarization which could further aid in tissue remodeling. A novel approach was used to fabricate vascular construct using 3D bioprinting without secondary support. The outcomes suggest that this could be a potential approach for patient- and tissue-specific blood vessel regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Kamaraj
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem cell (RMS) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pravin Shankar Giri
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem cell (RMS) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sandeep Mahapatra
- Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Falguni Pati
- BioFabTE Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem cell (RMS) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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10
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Sah MK, Mukherjee S, Flora B, Malek N, Rath SN. Advancement in "Garbage In Biomaterials Out (GIBO)" concept to develop biomaterials from agricultural waste for tissue engineering and biomedical applications. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2022; 20:1015-1033. [PMID: 36406592 PMCID: PMC9672289 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Presently on a global scale, one of the major concerns is to find effective strategies to manage the agricultural waste to protect the environment. One strategy that has been drawing attention among the researchers is the development of biocompatible materials from agricultural waste. This strategy implies successful conversion of agricultural waste products (e.g.: cellulose, eggshell etc.) into building blocks for biomaterial development. Some of these wastes contain even bioactive compounds having biomedical applications. The replacement and augmentation of human tissue with biomaterials as alternative to traditional method not only bypasses immune-rejection, donor scarcity, and maintenance; but also provides long term solution to damaged or malfunctioning organs. Biomaterials development as one of the key challenges in tissue engineering approach, resourced from natural origin imparts better biocompatibility due to closely mimicking composition with cellular microenvironment. The "Garbage In, Biomaterials Out (GIBO)" concept, not only recycles the agricultural wastes, but also adds to biomaterial raw products for further product development in tissue regeneration. This paper reviews the conversion of garbage agricultural by-products to the biocompatible materials for various biomedical applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT The agro-waste biomass processed, purified, modified, and further utilized for the fabrication of biomaterials-based support system for tissue engineering applications to grow living body parts in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kumar Sah
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011 India
| | - Sunny Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011 India
| | - Bableen Flora
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Naved Malek
- Department of Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Medak, Telangana India
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11
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Ruhela A, Bhatt A, Rath SN, Sharma CS. Biomimicking tendon by electrospinning
tissue‐derived
decellularized extracellular matrix for tendon tissue engineering. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Ruhela
- Creative & Advanced Research Based on Nanomaterials (CARBON) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi Telangana India
| | - Akshay Bhatt
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi Telangana India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi Telangana India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Sharma
- Creative & Advanced Research Based on Nanomaterials (CARBON) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi Telangana India
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12
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Rasineni GK, Panigrahy N, Rath SN, Chinnaboina M, Konanki R, Chirla DK, Madduri S. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Roles of the “Omics” in Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy in Neonates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100498. [PMID: 36290466 PMCID: PMC9598631 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia and neonatal encephalopathy remain major causes of neonatal mortality, despite the improved availability of diagnostic and therapeutic tools, contributing to neurological and intellectual disabilities worldwide. An approach using a combination of clinical data, neuroimaging, and biochemical parameters is the current strategy towards the improved diagnosis and prognosis of the outcome in neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) using bioengineering methods. Traditional biomarkers are of little use in this multifactorial and variable phenotype-presenting clinical condition. Novel systems of biology-based “omics” approaches (genomics, transcriptome proteomics, and metabolomics) may help to identify biomarkers associated with brain and other tissue injuries, predicting the disease severity in HIE. Biomarker studies using omics technologies will likely be a key feature of future neuroprotective treatment methods and will help to assess the successful treatment and long-term efficacy of the intervention. This article reviews the roles of different omics as biomarkers of HIE and outlines the existing knowledge of our current understanding of the clinical use of different omics molecules as novel neonatal brain injury biomarkers, which may lead to improved interventions related to the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Kumar Rasineni
- LCMS Division, Tenet Medcorp Pvt. Ltd., 54 Kineta Towers Road No 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Nalinikanta Panigrahy
- Department of Neonatology, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Hyderabad 500034, India
- Correspondence: (N.P.); (S.N.R.)
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502284, India
- Correspondence: (N.P.); (S.N.R.)
| | - Madhurarekha Chinnaboina
- LCMS Division, Tenet Medcorp Pvt. Ltd., 54 Kineta Towers Road No 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Ramesh Konanki
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chirla
- Department of Neonatology, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Bioengineering and Neuroregeneration, University of Geneva, University Hospital Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Kumari N, Giri PS, Rath SN. Adjuvant role of a T-type calcium channel blocker, TTA-A2, in lung cancer treatment with paclitaxel. Cancer Drug Resist 2022; 4:996-1007. [PMID: 35582374 PMCID: PMC8992437 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Chemoresistance is a prevalent issue in cancer treatment. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a microtubule-binding anticancer drug used in various cancer treatments. However, cancer cells often show chemoresistance against PTX with the help of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) - a drug efflux pump. It has also been observed that overexpressed T-type calcium channels (TTCCs) maintain calcium homeostasis in cancer cells, and calcium has a role in chemoresistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the adjuvant role of TTA-A2, a TTCC blocker, in enhancing the anticancer effect of PTX on the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line. Methods: Morphology assay, calcium imaging assay, clonogenic assay, apoptosis assay, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) were performed to find the adjuvant role of TTA-A2. Samples were treated with PTX at 10 nM concentration and TTA-A2 at 50 and 100 nM concentrations. PTX and TTA-A2 were used in the combination treatment at 10 and 100 nM concentrations, respectively. Results: Immunocytochemistry confirmed the expression of TTCC in A549 cells. Morphology assay showed altered morphology of A549 cells. The adjuvant role of TTA-A2 was observed in the calcium imaging assay in spheroids, in the clonogenic assay in monolayers, and in the apoptosis assay in both cultures. With real-time PCR, it was observed that, even though cells express the mRNA of Pgp, it is non-significant upon treatment with PTX and TTA-A2. Conclusion: TTA-A2 can be used as an adjuvant to reduce chemoresistance in cancer cells as well as to enhance the anticancer effect of the standard anticancer drug PTX. Being a potent TTCC inhibitor, TTA-A2 may also enhance the anticancer effects of other anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Kumari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502285, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502285, India
| | - Pravin Shankar Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502285, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502285, India
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Kamaraj M, Roopavath UK, Giri PS, Ponnusamy NK, Rath SN. Modulation of 3D Printed Calcium-Deficient Apatite Constructs with Varying Mn Concentrations for Osteochondral Regeneration via Endochondral Differentiation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:23245-23259. [PMID: 35544777 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral regeneration remains a vital problem in clinical situations affecting both bone and cartilage tissues due to the low regeneration ability of cartilage tissue. Additionally, the simultaneous regeneration of bone and cartilage is difficult to attain due to their dissimilar nature. Thus, fabricating a single scaffold for both bone and cartilage regeneration remains challenging. Biomaterials are frequently employed to promote tissue restoration, but they still cannot replicate the structure of native tissue. This study aims to create a single biomaterial that could be used to regenerate both bone and cartilage. This study focuses on synthesizing calcium-deficient apatite (CDA) with the gradual addition of manganese. The phase stability and the effect of heat treatment on manganese-doped CDA were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement. The obtained powders were tested for their 3-dimensional (3D) printing ability by fabricating cuboidal 3D structures. The 3D printed scaffolds were examined for external topography using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and were subjected to compression testing. In vitro biocompatibility and differentiation studies were performed to access their biocompatibility and differentiation capabilities. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis was done to determine the gene expression of bone- and cartilage-specific markers. Mn helps in stabilizing the β-TCP phase beyond its sintering temperature without being degraded to α-TCP. Mn addition in CDA improves the compressive strength of the fabricated scaffolds while keeping them biocompatible. The concentrations of Mn in the CDA ceramic were found to influence the differentiation behavior of MSCs in the fabricated scaffolds. Mn-doped CDA is a promising candidate to be used as a substitute material for bone, cartilage, and osteochondral defects to facilitate repair and regeneration via endochondral differentiation. 3D printing can assist in the fabrication of a multifunctional single-unit scaffold with varied Mn concentrations, which might be able to generate the two tissues in situ in an osteochondral defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Kamaraj
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Uday Kiran Roopavath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Pravin Shankar Giri
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Nandha Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, The Republic of Korea
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
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15
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Sukanya VS, Rath SN. Microfluidic Biosensor-Based Devices for Rapid Diagnosis and Effective Anti-cancer Therapeutic Monitoring for Breast Cancer Metastasis. Adv Exp Med Biol 2022; 1379:319-339. [PMID: 35760998 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer with unpredictable metastatic recurrence is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Early cancer detection and optimized therapy are the principal determining factors for increased survival rate. Worldwide, researchers and clinicians are in search of efficient strategies for the timely management of cancer progression. Efficient preclinical models provide information on cancer initiation, malignancy progression, relapse, and drug efficacy. The distinct histopathological features and clinical heterogeneity allows no single model to mimic breast tumor. However, engineering three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models incorporating cells and biophysical cues using a combination of organoid culture, 3D printing, and microfluidic technology could recapitulate the tumor microenvironment. These models serve to be preferable predictive models bridging the translational research gap in drug development. Microfluidic device is a cost-effective advanced in vitro model for cancer research, diagnosis, and drug assay under physiologically relevant conditions. Integrating a biosensor with microfluidics allows rapid real-time analytical validation to provide highly sensitive, specific, reproducible, and reliable outcomes. In this manner, the multi-system approach in identifying biomarkers associated with cancer facilitates early detection, therapeutic window optimization, and post-treatment evaluation.This chapter showcases the advancements related to in vitro breast cancer metastasis models focusing on microfluidic devices. The chapter aims to provide an overview of microfluidic biosensor-based devices for cancer detection and high-throughput chemotherapeutic drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Sukanya
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
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16
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Kamaraj M, Sreevani G, Prabusankar G, Rath SN. Mechanically tunable photo-cross-linkable bioinks for osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in 3D bioprinted constructs. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 131:112478. [PMID: 34857263 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
3D bioprinting technique renders a plausible solution to tissue engineering applications, mainly bone tissue regeneration, which could provide the microenvironment with desired physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. However, the mechanical and structural stability of current natural polymers is a critical issue in the fabrication of bone tissue-engineered scaffolds. To overcome these issues, we have developed 3D bioprintable semi-synthetic polymers derived from natural (sodium alginate, A) and synthetic (polyethylene glycol, PEG) biopolymers. In order to enhance the cross-linking properties and biocompatibility, we have functionalized these polymers with acrylate and methacrylate chemical moieties. These selected combination of natural and synthetic polymers improved the mechanical strength due to the synergistic effect of covalent as well as ionic bond formation in the hydrogel system, which is evident from the tested tensile data. Further, the feasibility of 3D bioprinting of acrylate and methacrylate functionalized PEG and hydrogels have been tested for the biocompatibility of the fabricated structures with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs). Further, these bioprinted scaffolds were investigated for osteogenic differentiation of UMSCs in two types of culture conditions: namely, i) with osteoinduction media (with OIM), ii) without osteoinduction media (w/o OIM). We have examined the osteoinductivity of scaffolds with the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content, and significant changes in the ALP activity was observed with the stiffness of developed materials. The extent osteogenic differentiation was observed by alizarin red staining and reverse transcription PCR analysis. Elevated levels of ALP, RUNX2 and COL1 gene expression has been observed in without OIM samples on week 1 and week 3. Further, our study showed that the synthesized alginate methacrylate (AMA) without osteoinduction supplement with young's modulus of 0.34 MPa has a significant difference in ALP quantity and gene expression over the other reported literature. Thus, this work plays a pivotal role in the development of 3D bioprintable and photo-cross-linkable hydrogels in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Kamaraj
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gaddamedi Sreevani
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ganesan Prabusankar
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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17
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Sankar S, Mehta V, Ravi S, Sharma CS, Rath SN. A novel design of microfluidic platform for metronomic combinatorial chemotherapy drug screening based on 3D tumor spheroid model. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:50. [PMID: 34596764 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For treating cancer at various stages, chemotherapy drugs administered in combination provide better treatment results with lower side effects compared to single-drug therapy. However, finding the potential drug combinations has been challenging due to the large numbers of possible combinations from approved drugs and the failure of in vitro 2D well plate-based cancer models. 3D spheroid-based high-throughput microfluidic platforms recapitulate some of the important features of native tumor tissue and offer a promising alternative to evaluate the combinatory effects of the drugs. This study develops a novel polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based microfluidic design with a dynamic environment and strategically placed U-shaped wells for testing all seven possible combinations (three single-drug treatments, three pairwise combinations, treatment with all three drugs) of three chemotherapy drugs (Paclitaxel, Vinorelbine, and Etoposide) on lung tumor spheroids. The design of U-shaped wells has been validated with computational results. Firstly, we test all combinations of drugs on the conventional well plate in static conditions with 3D tumor spheroids. Based on static drug testing results, we show a proof-of-concept by testing the most effective drug combination on the microfluidic device in a dynamic environment. The concentration of the drugs used in combination falls below the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the individual drugs, towards low dose metronomic (LDM) chemotherapy. LDM combinatorial chemotherapy identified in this study can potentially lower toxicity and provide better treatment results in cancer patients. The device can be further used to culture patient-specific tumor spheroids and identify synergistic drug combinations for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Sankar
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Viraj Mehta
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhashini Ravi
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Sharma
- Creative & Advanced Research Based On Nanomaterials (CARBON) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Sampath SJP, Rath SN, Kotikalapudi N, Venkatesan V. Beneficial effects of secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cells with stigmasterol to negate IL-1β-induced inflammation in-vitro using rat chondrocytes-OA management. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1701-1717. [PMID: 34546477 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00874-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease predominantly characterized by inflammation which drives cartilage destruction. Mesenchymal stem cells-condition medium (MSC-CM) or the secretome is enriched with bioactive factors and possesses anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of combining MSC-conditioned medium with stigmasterol compared with the individual treatments in alleviating interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-induced inflammation in rat chondrocytes. Stigmasterol is a phytosterol exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects. IL-1β (10 ng/ml) was used to induce inflammation and mimic OA in-vitro in primary rat articular chondrocytes. The IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes were treated with MSC-CM, stigmasterol, and a combination of MSC-CM and stigmasterol for 24 h. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), collagen II (COL2A1) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Gene expression levels of MMP-3, MMP-13 and A Disintegrin-like and Metalloproteinases with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS)-5 were measured using qRT-PCR. NF-κB signaling pathway was studied using western blotting. A significant reduction in the expression of iNOS, IL-6, MMP-3, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5, and a significant increase in COL2A1 expression was observed in the rat chondrocytes across all the treatment groups. However, the combination treatment of MSC-CM and stigmasterol remarkably reversed the IL-1β-induced pro-inflammatory/pro-catabolic responses to near normal levels comparable to the control group. The combination treatment (MSC-CM + stigmasterol) elicited a superior anti-inflammatory/anti-catabolic effect by inhibiting the IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation evidenced by the negligible phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα subunits, thereby emphasizing the benefit of the combination therapy over the individual treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Nagasuryaprasad Kotikalapudi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
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Mehta V, Vilikkathala Sudhakaran S, Rath SN. Facile Route for 3D Printing of Transparent PETg-Based Hybrid Biomicrofluidic Devices Promoting Cell Adhesion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3947-3963. [PMID: 34282888 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has emerged as a promising fabrication technique for microfluidic devices, overcoming some of the challenges associated with conventional soft lithography. Filament-based polymer extrusion (popularly known as fused deposition modeling (FDM)) is one of the most accessible 3D printing techniques available, offering a wide range of low-cost thermoplastic polymer materials for microfluidic device fabrication. However, low optical transparency is one of the significant limitations of extrusion-based microfluidic devices, rendering them unsuitable for cell culture-related biological applications. Moreover, previously reported extrusion-based devices were largely dependent on fluorescent dyes for cell imaging because of their poor transparency. First, we aim to improve the optical transparency of FDM-based microfluidic devices to enable bright-field microscopy of cells. This is achieved using (1) transparent polymer filament materials such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol (PETg), (2) optimized 3D printing process parameters, and (3) a hybrid approach by integrating 3D printed microfluidic devices with cast poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) blocks. We begin by optimizing four essential 3D printing process parameters (layer height, printing speed, cooling fan speed, and extrusion flow), affecting the overall transparency of 3D printed devices. Optimized parameters produce exceptional optical transparency close to 80% in 3D printed PETg devices. Next, we demonstrate the potential of FDM-based 3D printing to fabricate transparent micromixing devices with complex planar and nonplanar channel networks. Most importantly, cells cultured on native 3D printed PETg surfaces show excellent cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation during 3 days of culture without extracellular matrix coating or surface treatment. Next, we introduce L929 cells inside hybrid PETg-PDMS biomicrofluidic devices as a proof of concept. We demonstrate that 3D printed hybrid biomicrofluidic devices promote cell adhesion, allow bright-field microscopy, and maintain high cell viability for 3 days. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the proposed fabrication approach for developing 3D printed microfluidic devices from other FDM-compatible transparent polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Mehta
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Sukanya Vilikkathala Sudhakaran
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory (RMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
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20
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V S S, Panigrahy N, Rath SN. Recent approaches in clinical applications of 3D printing in neonates and pediatrics. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:323-332. [PMID: 33025224 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neonates and pediatric populations are vulnerable subjects in terms of health. Proper screening and early optimal treatment would reduce infant and child mortality, improving the quality of life. Researchers and clinicians all over the world are in pursuit of innovations to improve the medical care delivery system. Infant morphometrics changes drastically due to the rapid somatic growth in infancy and childhood, demanding for patient-specific customization of treatment intervention accordingly. 3D printing is a radical technology that allows the generation of physical 3D products from digital images and addresses the patient-specific requirement. The combination of cost-effective and on-demand customization offers a boundless opportunity for the enhancement of neonates and pediatric health.Conclusion: The advanced technology of 3D printing proposes a pioneering breakthrough in bringing physiologically and anatomically appropriate treatment strategies addressing the unmet needs of child health problems. What is Known: • The potential application of 3D printing is observed across a multitude of fields within medicine and surgery. • The unprecedented effect of this technology on pediatric healthcare is still very much a work in progress. What is New: • The recent clinical applications of 3D printing provide better treatment modalities to infants and children. • The review provides an overview of the comparison between conventional treatment methods and 3DP regarding specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya V S
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi , Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | | | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi , Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India.
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21
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Kumari N, Dalal V, Kumar P, Rath SN. Antagonistic interaction between TTA-A2 and paclitaxel for anti-cancer effects by complex formation with T-type calcium channel. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:2395-2406. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1839558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neema Kumari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
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22
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Kumari N, Bhargava A, Rath SN. T-type calcium channel antagonist, TTA-A2 exhibits anti-cancer properties in 3D spheroids of A549, a lung adenocarcinoma cell line. Life Sci 2020; 260:118291. [PMID: 32810510 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Despite the advanced cancer treatments, there is increased resistance to chemotherapy and subsequent mortality. In lack of reliable data in monolayer cultures and animal models, researchers are shifting to 3D cancer spheroids, which represents the in vivo robust tumour morphology. Calcium is essential in cell signalling and proliferation. It is found that T-type calcium channels (TTCCs) are overexpressed in various cancer cells, supporting their increased proliferation. Many of the TTCCs blockers available could target other channels besides TTCCs, which can cause adverse effects. Therefore, we hypothesise that TTA-A2, a highly selective blocker towards TTCCs, can inhibit the growth of cancer spheroids, and provide an anti-cancer and an adjuvant role in cancer therapy. METHODS We studied TTA-A2 and paclitaxel (PTX-control drug) in lung adenocarcinoma cell line- A549, cancer cells and human embryonic kidney cell line- HEK 293, control cell, in their monolayer and spheroids forms for viability, proliferation, morphology change, migration, and invasion-after 48-96 h of treatment. KEY FINDINGS Though the results varied between the monolayer and spheroids studies, we found both anti-cancer as well as adjuvant effect of TTA-A2 in both the studies. TTA-A2 was able to inhibit the growth, viability, and metastasis of the cancer cells and spheroids. Differences in the results of two modes might explain that why drugs tested successfully in monolayer culture fail in clinical trials. SIGNIFICANCE This study establishes the role of TTA-A2, a potent TTCC blocker as an anti-cancer and adjuvant drug in reducing the viability and metastasis of the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Kumari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Dhiman N, Shagaghi N, Bhave M, Sumer H, Kingshott P, Rath SN. Selective Cytotoxicity of a Novel Trp-Rich Peptide against Lung Tumor Spheroids Encapsulated inside a 3D Microfluidic Device. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900285. [PMID: 32293162 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a globally rising healthcare need to develop new anticancer therapies as well as to test them on biologically relevant in vitro cancer models instead of overly simplistic 2D models. To address both these needs, a 3D lung cancer spheroid model is developed using human A549 cells trapped inside a collagen gel in a compartmentalized microfluidic device and homogenously sized (35-45 µm) multicellular tumor spheroids are obtained in 5 days. The novel tryptophan-rich peptide P1, identified earlier as a potential anticancer peptide (ACP), shows enhanced cytotoxic efficacy against A549 tumor spheroids (>75%) in clinically relevant low concentrations, while it does not affect human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells at the same concentrations (<15%). The peptide also inhibits the formation of tumor spheroids by reducing cell viability as well as lowering the proliferative capacity, which is confirmed by the expression of cell proliferation marker Ki-67. The ACP offers a novel therapeutic strategy against lung cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. The microfluidic device used is likely to be useful in helping develop models for several other cancer types to test new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia.,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Medak, 502 285, Telangana, India
| | - Nadin Shagaghi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Mrinal Bhave
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Huseyin Sumer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia.,ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Medak, 502 285, Telangana, India
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24
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Dhiman N, Kingshott P, Sumer H, Sharma CS, Rath SN. On-chip anticancer drug screening - Recent progress in microfluidic platforms to address challenges in chemotherapy. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 137:236-254. [PMID: 31121461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for advanced and inexpensive preclinical models to accelerate the development of anticancer drugs. While costly animal models fail to predict human clinical outcomes, in vitro models such as microfluidic chips ('tumor-on-chip') are showing tremendous promise at predicting and providing meaningful preclinical drug screening outcomes. Research on 'tumor-on-chips' has grown enormously worldwide and is being widely accepted by pharmaceutical companies as a drug development tool. In light of this shift in philosophy, it is important to review the recent literature on microfluidic devices to determine how rapidly the technology has progressed as a promising model for drug screening and aiding cancer therapy. We review the past five years of successful developments and capabilities in microdevice technology (cancer models) for use in anticancer drug screening. Microfluidic devices that are being designed to address current challenges in chemotherapy, such as drug resistance, combinatorial drug therapy, personalized medicine, and cancer metastasis are also reviewed in detail. We provide a perspective on how personalized 'tumor-on-chip', as well as high-throughput microfluidic platforms based on patient-specific tumor cells, can potentially replace the more expensive and 'non-human' animal models in preclinical anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Dhiman
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huseyin Sumer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chandra S Sharma
- Creative & Advanced Research Based On Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India.
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25
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Roopavath UK, Soni R, Mahanta U, Deshpande AS, Rath SN. 3D printable SiO2 nanoparticle ink for patient specific bone regeneration. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23832-23842. [PMID: 35530605 PMCID: PMC9069463 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing of a complex and irregular virtual defect using SiO2 nanoparticle and hydrogel composite ink for patient specific defect fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Kiran Roopavath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMS) Lab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH)
- India
| | - Raghav Soni
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMS) Lab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH)
- India
| | - Urbashi Mahanta
- Department of Material Science and Metallurgical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- India
| | - Atul Suresh Deshpande
- Department of Material Science and Metallurgical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMS) Lab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH)
- India
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26
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Soni R, Kumar NV, Chameettachal S, Pati F, Narayan Rath S. Synthesis and Optimization of PCL-Bioactive Glass Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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27
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Almelkar SI, Bethapudi S, Rath SN. Development of an Experimental Model of a Decellularized Kidney Scaffold by Perfusion Mode and Analyzing the Three-dimensional Extracellular Matrix Architecture by Edge Detection Method. Indian J Nephrol 2018; 28:339-344. [PMID: 30270993 PMCID: PMC6146729 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_14_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal transplant is treatment of choice for the patients with end stage renal disease. The kidney transplants are expensive and there are risks of immunological and infectious complications. We planned to develop an in vitro decellularized kidney scaffold model using sheep kidney. Kidney decellularization was carried out by perfusing chemical detergents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), SDS and trypsin, and SDS and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solvent solution. Complete kidney was decellularized in 5 days by perfusing various chemical detergents in time-dependent intervals. Histological finding revealed the complete removal of cellular material in various regions of renal corpuscle, distal convoluted tubules, other cortex and medulla region. Details of interlobular veins and arteries were seen through naked eyes after trypan blue dye injection. We used edge detection technique for developing a three-dimensional (3-D) image (Image J software) for nephrological vasculature constructed of decellularized kidney scaffold specimen. This technique opens a gateway for the whole organ decellularization by perfusion technology and further imaging of its 3-D extracellular matrix texture by edge detection technique software.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Almelkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - S Bethapudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - S N Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
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28
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Nigam R, Babu KR, Ghosh T, Kumari B, Akula D, Rath SN, Das P, Anindya R, Khan FA. Indenone derivatives as inhibitor of human DNA dealkylation repair enzyme AlkBH3. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4100-4112. [PMID: 30041948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian AlkB homologue-3 (AlkBH3) is a member of the dioxygenase family of enzymes that in humans is involved in DNA dealkylation repair. Because of its role in promoting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis of cancer, extensive efforts are being directed in developing selective inhibitors for AlkBH3. Here we report synthesis, screening and evaluation of panel of arylated indenone derivatives as new class of inhibitors of AlkBH3 DNA repair activity. An efficient synthesis of 2,3-diaryl indenones from 2,3-dibromo indenones was achieved via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. Using a robust quantitative assay, we have obtained an AlkBH3 inhibitor that display specific binding and competitive mode of inhibition against DNA substrate. Finally, we established that this compound could prevent the proliferation of lung cancer cell line and enhance sensitivity to DNA damaging alkylating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Nigam
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Kaki Raveendra Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Topi Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Bhavini Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, Patna 801106, India
| | - Deepa Akula
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Prolay Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, Patna 801106, India
| | - Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India.
| | - Faiz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India.
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29
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Strobel LA, Rath SN, Maier AK, Beier JP, Arkudas A, Greil P, Horch RE, Kneser U. Induction of bone formation in biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds by bone morphogenetic protein-2 and primary osteoblasts. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:176-85. [PMID: 22740314 DOI: 10.1002/term.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering strategies mainly depend on porous scaffold materials. In this study, novel biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) matrices were generated by 3D-printing. High porosity was achieved by starch consolidation. This study aimed to characterise the porous BCP-scaffold properties and interactions of osteogenic cells and growth factors under in vivo conditions. Five differently treated constructs were implanted subcutaneously in syngeneic rats: plain BCP constructs (group A), constructs pre-treated with BMP-2 (group B; 1.6 µg BMP-2 per scaffold), seeded with primary osteoblasts (OB) (group C), seeded with OB and BMP-2 (group D) and constructs seeded with OB and pre-cultivated in a flow bioreactor for 6 weeks (group E). After 2, 4 and 6 weeks, specimens were explanted and subjected to histological and molecular biological analyses. Explanted scaffolds were invaded by fibrovascular tissue without significant foreign body reactions. Morphometric analysis demonstrated significantly increased bone formation in samples from group D (OB + BMP-2) compared to all other groups. Samples from groups B-E displayed significant mRNA expression of bone-specific genes after 6 weeks. Pre-cultivation in the flow bioreactor (group E) induced bone formation comparable with group B. In this study, differences in bone distribution between samples with BMP-2 or osteoblasts could be observed. In conclusion, combination of osteoblasts and BMP-2 synergistically enhanced bone formation in novel ceramic scaffolds. These results provide the basis for further experiments in orthotopic defect models with a focus on future applications in orthopaedic and reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Strobel
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Erlangen Medical Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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Meng D, Rath SN, Mordan N, Salih V, Kneser U, Boccaccini AR. In vitro evaluation of 45S5 Bioglass®-derived glass-ceramic scaffolds coated with carbon nanotubes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 99:435-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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31
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Woodruff MA, Rath SN, Susanto E, Haupt LM, Hutmacher DW, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. Sustained release and osteogenic potential of heparan sulfate-doped fibrin glue scaffolds within a rat cranial model. J Mol Histol 2007; 38:425-33. [PMID: 17849224 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-007-9137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the potential therapeutic role of the naturally occurring sugar heparan sulfate (HS) for the augmentation of bone repair. Scaffolds comprising fibrin glue loaded with 5 microg of embryonically derived HS were assessed, firstly as a release-reservoir, and secondly as a scaffold to stimulate bone regeneration in a critical size rat cranial defect. We show HS-loaded scaffolds have a uniform distribution of HS, which was readily released with a typical burst phase, quickly followed by a prolonged delivery lasting several days. Importantly, the released HS contributed to improved wound healing over a 3-month period as determined by microcomputed tomography (microCT) scanning, histology, histomorphometry, and PCR for osteogenic markers. In all cases, only minimal healing was observed after 1 and 3 months in the absence of HS. In contrast, marked healing was observed by 3 months following HS treatment, with nearly full closure of the defect site. PCR analysis showed significant increases in the gene expression of the osteogenic markers Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteopontin in the heparin sulfate group compared with controls. These results further emphasize the important role HS plays in augmenting wound healing, and its successful delivery in a hydrogel provides a novel alternative to autologous bone graft and growth factor-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ann Woodruff
- Division of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Leong DT, Abraham MC, Rath SN, Lim TC, Chew FT, Hutmacher DW. Investigating the effects of preinduction on human adipose-derived precursor cells in an athymic rat model. Differentiation 2007; 74:519-29. [PMID: 17177849 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The osteogenic potential of human adipose-derived precursor cells seeded on medical-grade polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds was investigated in this in vivo study. Three study groups were investigated: (1) induced--stimulated with osteogenic factors only after seeding into scaffold; (2) preinduced--induced for 2 weeks before seeding into scaffolds; and (3) uninduced--cells without any introduced induction. For all groups, scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously into the dorsum of athymic rats. The scaffold/cell constructs were harvested at the end of 6 or 12 weeks and analyzed for osteogenesis. Gross morphological examination using scanning electron microscopy indicated good integration of host tissue with scaffold/cell constructs and extensive tissue infiltration into the scaffold interior. Alizarin Red histology and immunostaining showed a heightened level of mineralization and an increase in osteonectin, osteopontin, and collagen type I protein expression in both the induced and preinduced groups compared with the uninduced groups. However, no significant differences were observed in these indicators when compared between the induced and preinduced groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tai Leong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
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