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Donsbach M, Dürauer S, Grünert F, Nguyen KT, Nigam R, Yaneva D, Weickert P, Bezalel‐Buch R, Semlow DR, Stingele J. A non-proteolytic release mechanism for HMCES-DNA-protein crosslinks. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113360. [PMID: 37519246 PMCID: PMC10505908 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved protein HMCES crosslinks to abasic (AP) sites in ssDNA to prevent strand scission and the formation of toxic dsDNA breaks during replication. Here, we report a non-proteolytic release mechanism for HMCES-DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs), which is regulated by DNA context. In ssDNA and at ssDNA-dsDNA junctions, HMCES-DPCs are stable, which efficiently protects AP sites against spontaneous incisions or cleavage by APE1 endonuclease. In contrast, HMCES-DPCs are released in dsDNA, allowing APE1 to initiate downstream repair. Mechanistically, we show that release is governed by two components. First, a conserved glutamate residue, within HMCES' active site, catalyses reversal of the crosslink. Second, affinity to the underlying DNA structure determines whether HMCES re-crosslinks or dissociates. Our study reveals that the protective role of HMCES-DPCs involves their controlled release upon bypass by replication forks, which restricts DPC formation to a necessary minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Donsbach
- Department of BiochemistryLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
- Gene Center, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Sophie Dürauer
- Department of BiochemistryLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
- Gene Center, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Florian Grünert
- Department of BiochemistryLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
- Gene Center, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Kha T Nguyen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Richa Nigam
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Denitsa Yaneva
- Department of BiochemistryLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
- Gene Center, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Pedro Weickert
- Department of BiochemistryLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
- Gene Center, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Rachel Bezalel‐Buch
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular BiophysicsWashington University School of MedicalSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Daniel R Semlow
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Julian Stingele
- Department of BiochemistryLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
- Gene Center, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
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2
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Nigam R, Field M, Harris G, Barton M, Carolan M, Metcalfe P, Holloway L. Automated detection, delineation and quantification of whole-body bone metastasis using FDG-PET/CT images. Phys Eng Sci Med 2023; 46:851-863. [PMID: 37126152 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with the metastatic spread of disease to the bone have high morbidity and mortality. Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy increases the progression free survival and overall survival of these patients with oligometastases. FDG-PET/CT, a functional imaging technique combining positron emission tomography (PET) with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and computer tomography (CT) provides improved staging and identification of treatment response. It is also associated with reduction in size of the radiotherapy tumour volume delineation compared with CT based contouring in radiotherapy, thus allowing for dose escalation to the target volume with lower doses to the surrounding organs at risk. FDG-PET/CT is increasingly being used for the clinical management of NSCLC patients undergoing radiotherapy and has shown high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of bone metastases in these patients. Here, we present a software tool for detection, delineation and quantification of bone metastases using FDG-PET/CT images. The tool extracts standardised uptake values (SUV) from FDG-PET images for auto-segmentation of bone lesions and calculates volume of each lesion and associated mean and maximum SUV. The tool also allows automatic statistical validation of the auto-segmented bone lesions against the manual contours of a radiation oncologist. A retrospective review of FDG-PET/CT scans of more than 30 candidate NSCLC patients was performed and nine patients with one or more metastatic bone lesions were selected for the present study. The SUV threshold prediction model was designed by splitting the cohort of patients into a subset of 'development' and 'validation' cohorts. The development cohort yielded an optimum SUV threshold of 3.0 for automatic detection of bone metastases using FDG-PET/CT images. The validity of the derived optimum SUV threshold on the validation cohort demonstrated that auto-segmented and manually contoured bone lesions showed strong concordance for volume of bone lesion (r = 0.993) and number of detected lesions (r = 0.996). The tool has various applications in radiotherapy, including but not limited to studies determining optimum SUV threshold for accurate and standardised delineation of bone lesions and in scientific studies utilising large patient populations for instance for investigation of the number of metastatic lesions that can be treated safety with an ablative dose of radiotherapy without exceeding the normal tissue toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nigam
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia.
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia.
| | - M Field
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
- Liverpool and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Harris
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - M Barton
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
- Liverpool and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Carolan
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - P Metcalfe
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | - L Holloway
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
- Liverpool and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2505, Australia
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Schifano N, Castiglione F, Rewhorn M, Hadway P, Nigam R, Rees R, Alnajjar H, Muneer A. Inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile cancer using a fascial sparing technique -outcomes from a single centre. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4
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Reddy D, Peters M, Shah T, Van Son M, Bertoncelli Tanaka M, Huber P, Lomas D, Rakauskas A, Miah S, Eldred-Evans D, Hosking-Jervis F, Engle R, Dudderidge T, Mccracken S, Greene D, Nigam R, Mccartan N, Valerio M, Orczyk C, Virdi J, Arya M, Ahmed H. Primary focal cryotherapy for non-metastatic prostate cancer: Update from the UK ICE registry. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Singh DP, Saraswat R, Nigam R. Untangling the effect of organic matter and dissolved oxygen on living benthic foraminifera in the southeastern Arabian Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 172:112883. [PMID: 34455346 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We studied the relationship between organic carbon in sediments (%Corg), bottom water dissolved oxygen and living benthic foraminifera in a marginal marine upwelling setting from the southeastern Arabian Sea to develop proxy indicator for marine productivity as well as oxygen deficient zones. The surface sediments from 43 stations covering a depth range of 25 to 2980 m were used. The relationship between living benthic foraminifera and ambient environmental parameters (seawater temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, organic carbon and Corg/TN and depth) was assessed by multivariate analysis. A majority of the living benthic foraminifera were significantly affected by several ambient parameters. We report that the living benthic foraminiferal assemblage comprising of Epistominella umbonifera, Uvigerina auberiana, Reophax longicollis and Osangularia bengalensis is significantly affected only by %Corg in the sediment. Additionally, we also found that the assemblage including Bolivina obscuranta, Bulimina arabiensis, Bulimina pseudoaffinis and Cancris penangensis is significantly affected only by the bottom water dissolved oxygen. The living benthic foraminifera assemblages can be used to reconstruct marine productivity and dissolved oxygen concentration in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Singh
- Micropaleontology Laboratory, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India; Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
| | - R Saraswat
- Micropaleontology Laboratory, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India
| | - R Nigam
- Micropaleontology Laboratory, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India
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Nigam R, Kar BR. Conflict monitoring and adaptation to affective stimuli as a function of ageing. Cogn Process 2021; 22:675-690. [PMID: 34212253 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-021-01042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated whether preference for positive affect would be observed in the context of a higher order control process with increasing age given the premise of affective prioritization with ageing. The study examined how affect interacted with cognitive control mechanisms across young, middle-aged and older adults. Conflict monitoring and adaptation for affective stimuli was examined with a face-word Stroop task using happy and fearful facial expressions. The participants' task was to detect the emotional expression (Happy or Fear) of the face shown with a distractor word (Happy or Fear) written across the face. Reaction time and accuracy data was analysed to compare adaptation effect and Stroop interference as a function of age, valence and previous trial congruence. The results demonstrated a stronger adaptation effect for negative affect in young adults and for positive affect in middle-aged adults and older adults. These results can be explained in terms of the socio-emotional selectivity theory of affective bias in the elderly and the involvement of attentional control mechanisms. This study empirically demonstrates shifts in affective bias towards positive affect with ageing through the implicit recruitment of cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Nigam
- Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India
| | - Bhoomika Rastogi Kar
- Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India.
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Wardak S, Castiglione F, Lindsay J, Alifrangis C, Walkden M, Hadway P, Nigam R, Rees R, Alnajjar H, Muneer A. Management of indeterminate Small Testis Masses (STMs): A 10-year single centre experience. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pozzi E, Cakir O, Castiglione F, Schifano N, Hadway P, Nigam R, Rees R, Albersen M, Parnham A, Lau M, Alnajjar H, Vijai S, Muneer A. Long term outcomes of Dynamic Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (DSNB) for clinically impalpable (cN0) penile cancer patients- an eUROGEN study. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alnajjar H, Rewhorn M, Castiglione F, Cayetano Alcaraz A, Schifano N, Akers C, Haider A, Freeman A, Hadway P, Nigam R, Rees R, Mitra A, Alifrangis C, Muneer A. Long-term outcomes of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) patients with sarcomatoid variant compared to non-sarcomatoid group - An eUROGEN study. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Reddy D, Peters M, Shah T, Van Son M, Huber P, Lomas D, Rakauskas A, Miah S, Guillaumier S, Dudderidge T, Hindley R, Emara A, Nigam R, Valerio M, Afzal N, Lewi H, Orczyk C, Ogden C, Persad R, Virdi J, Moore C, Arya M, Winkler M, Emberton M, Ahmed H. Cancer control outcomes following focal therapy using HIFU in 1,829 men with non-metastatic prostate cancer treated over 15 years. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nigam R, Raveendra Babu K, Ghosh T, Kumari B, Das P, Anindya R, Ahmed Khan F. Synthesis of 2-Chloro-3-amino indenone derivatives and their evaluation as inhibitors of DNA dealkylation repair. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 97:1170-1184. [PMID: 33764683 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA alkylation damage, emanating from the exposure to environmental alkylating agents or produced by certain endogenous metabolic processes, affects cell viability and genomic stability. Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase enzymes, such as Escherichia coli AlkB, are involved in protecting DNA from alkylation damage. Inspired by the natural product indenone derivatives reported to inhibit this class of enzymes, and a set of 2-chloro-3-amino indenone derivatives was synthesized and screened for their inhibitory properties against AlkB. The synthesis of 2-chloro-3-amino indenone derivatives was achieved from 2,3-dichloro indenones through addition-elimination method using alkyl/aryl amines under catalyst-free conditions. Using an in vitro reconstituted DNA repair assay, we have identified a 2-chloro-3-amino indenone compound 3o to be an inhibitor of AlkB. We have determined the binding affinity, mode of interaction, and kinetic parameters of inhibition of 3o and tested its ability to sensitize cells to methyl methanesulfonate that mainly produce DNA alkylation damage. This study established the potential of indenone-derived compounds as inhibitors of Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase AlkB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Nigam
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
| | - Kaki Raveendra Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
| | - Topi Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
| | - Bhavini Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India
| | - Prolay Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India
| | - Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
| | - Faiz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
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Nigam R, Kar BR. Cognitive Ageing in Developing Societies: An Overview and a Cross-sectional Study on Young, Middle-aged and Older Adults in the Indian Context. Psychology and Developing Societies 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0971333620937511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive ageing in developing societies is marked with psychosocial issues such as education, occupation, lifestyle, social support, social interaction and exclusion that may affect cognitive–affective–behavioural changes with ageing. We also present a study based on cognitive profiling of young (N = 79), middle-aged (N = 54) and older adults (N = 43) in India, which examined learning and memory for verbal and visuospatial information, overall cognitive functions, subjective complaints about cognitive difficulties, neuropsychiatric problems, anxiety and emotion regulation. The study shows cognitive changes compared to young and comparable rate of learning and retrieval among middle-aged and older adults for verbal and visuospatial material, correlated with general cognitive ability. The subjective complaints were not correlated with the objective measures of cognitive functions, highlighting the importance of both to show early cognitive changes. The relationship between cognitive functions and emotion regulation or behavioural/emotional changes was observed for young and middle-aged adults but not for older adults. Findings are discussed in the context of the lifespan perspective of cognitive ageing, cognitive reserve, psychosocial environment and social–emotional selectivity theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Nigam
- Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhoomika R. Kar
- Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Pozzi E, Cakir O, Hadway P, Nigam R, Freeman A, Alnajjar H, Muneer A. Predictive factors for local recurrence (LR) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) – an eUROGEN risk stratification for grade 2 and grade 3 tumours. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)32754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Suokhrie T, Saraswat R, Nigam R. Lack of denitrification causes a difference in benthic foraminifera living in the oxygen deficient zones of the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 153:110992. [PMID: 32275541 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite being located at the same latitudes, the Bay of Bengal oxygen deficient zone (ODZ) is markedly different than the Arabian Sea ODZ. The uptake of oxygen in the Bay of Bengal does not lead to denitrification as in the Arabian Sea. This difference in ODZ of the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea is expected to support different benthic fauna. We report that the living benthic foraminifera in the Bay of Bengal ODZ are markedly different than that in the Arabian Sea ODZ. Only four species (Brizalina spathulata, Eubuliminella exilis, Uvigerina peregrina and Rotaliatinopsis semiinvoluta) dominant in the Bay of Bengal ODZ have also been reported from the Arabian Sea oxygen deficient waters. The difference in living benthic foraminifera dominant in the ODZ of the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, is attributed to the lack of denitrification and associated processes in the Bay of Bengal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thejasino Suokhrie
- Oceanography Orientation Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India.
| | - Rajeev Saraswat
- Micropaleontology Laboratory, Geological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India.
| | - R Nigam
- Micropaleontology Laboratory, Geological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India
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Connor MJ, Gorin MA, Ahmed HU, Nigam R. Focal therapy for localized prostate cancer in the era of routine multi-parametric MRI. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 23:232-243. [PMID: 32051551 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer focal therapy aims to minimize the side-effects of whole gland treatments, such as radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy without compromising oncological efficacy. However, concerns exist regarding the multifocal nature of prostate cancer and the lack of long-term oncological data for this form of treatment. In recent years, the routine adoption of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate has improved our ability to select candidates for focal therapy and to accurately deliver this form of prostate cancer treatment. METHODS We performed a review of the literature to provide a summary of the oncological and functional outcomes of men receiving primary prostate focal therapy. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of the routine implementation of mpMRI as part of the initial prostate cancer diagnostic pathway on the selection of candidates and delivery of focal therapy. Finally, we summarize knowledge gaps in the field and highlight active clinical trials in this arena. RESULTS Primary focal therapy involves the application of one of a number of energies that ablate tissue, such as cryotherapy and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Success is principally dependent on highly accurate patient selection and disease localization underpinned in large part by the routine integration of pre-biopsy mpMRI. Prospective medium-term follow-up data for primary HIFU and cryotherapy for men with intermediate-risk disease have shown acceptable cancer control with low risk of side effects and complications. Additional research is needed to clearly define an appropriate follow-up approach and to guide the management of in- and out-of-field recurrences. Multiple comparative trials with randomization against standard care are currently underway in men with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer. CONCLUSION The widespread adoption of prostate mpMRI has led to improved disease localization, enabling the performance of focal therapy as a viable treatment strategy for men with low volume intermediate-risk prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Connor
- Imperial Prostate, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, W6 8RF, UK. .,Imperial Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, W6 8RF, UK.
| | - M A Gorin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H U Ahmed
- Imperial Prostate, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, W6 8RF, UK.,Imperial Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - R Nigam
- Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XX, UK.,University College London Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, UK
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Singh GP, Nigam R, Tomar GS, Monisha M, Bhoi SK, S A, Sengar K, Akula D, Panta P, Anindya R. Early and rapid detection of UCHL1 in the serum of brain-trauma patients: a novel gold nanoparticle-based method for diagnosing the severity of brain injury. Analyst 2019; 143:3366-3373. [PMID: 29893758 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00533h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The clinical diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is based on neurological examination and neuro-imaging tools such as CT scanning and MRI. However, neurological examination at times may be confounded by consumption of alcohol or drugs and neuroimaging facilities may not be available at all centers. Human ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCHL1) is a well-accepted serum biomarker for severe TBI and can be used to detect the severity of a head injury. A reliable, rapid, cost effective, bedside and easy to perform method for the detection of UCHL1 is a pre-requisite for wide clinical applications of UCHL1 as a TBI biomarker. We developed a rapid detection method for UCHL1 using surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 ng mL-1. It has a sensitivity and specificity of 100% each and meets an analytical precision similar to that of conventional sandwich ELISA but can be performed rapidly. Using this method we successfully detected UCHL1 in a cohort of 66 patients with TBI and were reliably able to distinguish mild TBI from moderate to severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyaninder Pal Singh
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, JPN Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi-110029, India
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Sharma M, Akula D, Mohan M, Nigam R, Das M, Anindya R. Heteroexpression of Mycobacterium leprae hypothetical protein ML0190 provides protection against DNA-alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:779-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Dani R, Sodani A, Telang K, Nigam R. Determinants of Outcome in Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Adults: An Ambispective Study from Central India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2019; 22:84-90. [PMID: 30692765 PMCID: PMC6327706 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_466_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The determinants of the outcome in adult convulsive status epilepticus(CSE), also the implication of the value of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and random blood sugar at admission on the outcome are not clear. Objectives The objective of this study is to look for the determinants of unfavorable outcome in CSE. Materials and Methods Ambispectively gathered data from 55 patients, treated consecutively with identical protocol during January 2010-December 2016, were analyzed. The demographic and clinical variables were identified and correlated with outcome in each individual. Results There were 65.45% males and 34.55% females. Favorable outcome (conscious and discharged) was seen in 63.6%, unfavorable (death 14.5%, absent cortical functions 10.9%, and inability to wean-off anesthetic agents 10.9%). The parameters associated with unfavorable outcome were female gender (odds ratio [OR]: 1.45), MAP ≤80 mmHg (OR: 2.57), time to first medical attention >5 h (OR: 127.8), and time to control clinical seizures >3.5 h (OR: 7.87). Almost 44.2% of patients with SE severity score >2 had unfavorable outcome (sensitivity 75% and specificity 45.7%). New scoring system, the CSE outcome score (CSEOS, developed by combining the predictors associated with higher odds of poor outcome), predicted the poor outcome with the sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 54.29%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion Low MAP and delay of >3.5 h in treatment initiation or seizure control are the key determinants of poor outcome in CSE. With the incorporation of CSEOS, we believe that our findings can be helpful in the process of clinical decision-making and prognostication of patients with CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raunak Dani
- Department of Neurology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and P.G. Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ajoy Sodani
- Department of Neurology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and P.G. Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kapil Telang
- Department of Neurology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and P.G. Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Nigam
- Department of Neurology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and P.G. Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Kar BR, Nigam R, Pammi VC, Guleria A, Srinivasan N. Neurocognitive mechanisms of affective conflict adaptation: An event related fMRI study. Progress in Brain Research 2019; 247:149-167. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Tomar GS, Singh GP, Lahkar D, Sengar K, Nigam R, Mohan M, Anindya R. New biomarkers in brain trauma. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 487:325-329. [PMID: 30342876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain-specific biomolecules are being increasingly investigated as a viable alternative to the clinical scores and radiological features, on which we still rely upon for stratification, therapy and predicting outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI generally leads to release of various chemical compound within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood depending on the severity of injury, which were studied variedly in last decades. However, most of these compounds being non-specific to brain, their applicability was challenged further. This review encompasses the novel and promising biomarkers being studied in the present decade, with encouraging results in laboratory and animal or human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav S Tomar
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, JPNA Trauma Centre, All IndiaInstitute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Gyaninder P Singh
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, JPNA Trauma Centre, All IndiaInstitute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Dhruba Lahkar
- Department of Neurocritical care and Neuroanesthesia, Medanta-The Medicity Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Kangana Sengar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, JPNA Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Richa Nigam
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Monisha Mohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India.
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Nigam R, Babu KR, Ghosh T, Kumari B, Akula D, Rath SN, Das P, Anindya R, Khan FA. Indenone derivatives as inhibitor of human DNA dealkylation repair enzyme AlkBH3. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4100-4112. [PMID: 30041948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian AlkB homologue-3 (AlkBH3) is a member of the dioxygenase family of enzymes that in humans is involved in DNA dealkylation repair. Because of its role in promoting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis of cancer, extensive efforts are being directed in developing selective inhibitors for AlkBH3. Here we report synthesis, screening and evaluation of panel of arylated indenone derivatives as new class of inhibitors of AlkBH3 DNA repair activity. An efficient synthesis of 2,3-diaryl indenones from 2,3-dibromo indenones was achieved via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. Using a robust quantitative assay, we have obtained an AlkBH3 inhibitor that display specific binding and competitive mode of inhibition against DNA substrate. Finally, we established that this compound could prevent the proliferation of lung cancer cell line and enhance sensitivity to DNA damaging alkylating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Nigam
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Kaki Raveendra Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Topi Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Bhavini Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, Patna 801106, India
| | - Deepa Akula
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Prolay Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, Patna 801106, India
| | - Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India.
| | - Faiz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India.
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Huber P, Afzal N, Arya M, Boxler S, Charman S, Cornaby A, Dudderidge T, Emberton M, Guillaumier S, Hindley R, Leemann L, Lewi H, Mc Cartan N, Moore C, Nigam R, Ogden C, Persad R, Shah K, Thalmann G, Virdi J, Winkler M, Ahmed H. Focal HIFU: Higher recurrence rate in treatment of anterior compared to posterior lesions in prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(18)31383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nigam R, Anindya R. Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA binding protein SSB promotes AlkB-mediated DNA dealkylation repair. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:274-279. [PMID: 29326044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Repair of alkylation damage in DNA is essential for maintaining genome integrity. Escherichia coli (E.coli) protein AlkB removes various alkyl DNA adducts including N1-methyladenine (N1meA) and N3-methylcytosine (N3meC) by oxidative demethylation. Previous studies showed that AlkB preferentially removes N1meA and N3meC from single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). It can also remove N1meA and N3meC from double-stranded DNA by base-flipping. Notably, ssDNA produced during DNA replication and recombination, remains bound to E. coli single-stranded DNA binding protein SSB and it is not known whether AlkB can repair methyl adduct present in SSB-coated DNA. Here we have studied AlkB-mediated DNA repair using SSB-bound DNA as substrate. In vitro repair reaction revealed that AlkB could efficiently remove N3meC adducts inasmuch as DNA length is shorter than 20 nucleotides. However, when longer N3meC-containing oligonuleotides were used as the substrate, efficiency of AlkB catalyzed reaction was abated compared to SSB-bound DNA substrate of identical length. Truncated SSB containing only the DNA binding domain could also support the stimulation of AlkB activity, suggesting the importance of SSB-DNA interaction for AlkB function. Using 70-mer oligonucleotide containing single N3meC we demonstrate that SSB-AlkB interaction promotes faster repair of the methyl DNA adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Nigam
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Hyderabad 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Hyderabad 502285, Telangana, India.
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Kumari P, Nigam R, Choudhury S, Singh SK, Yadav B, Kumar D, Garg SK. Demodex canis targets TLRs to evade host immunity and induce canine demodicosis. Parasite Immunol 2018; 40. [PMID: 29253318 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Widespread incidence of Demodex mites throughout the mammalian class and occasional serious and fatal outcomes in dogs warrant an insight into the host-parasite interface especially. Therefore, this study was aimed to unravel the interplay between innate immune response and canine demodicosis. The dogs diagnosed to have natural clinical demodicosis were allocated into two groups; dogs with localized demodicosis (LD) and with generalized demodicosis (GD). The expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4 and 6 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of these dogs was quantified by real-time PCR. Significantly increased TLR2 gene expression, while significantly diminished TLR4 and TLR6 gene expressions were observed in demodicosed dogs (LD and GD) as compared with the healthy ones. Even the expression of TLR2 gene was found to differ significantly between the dogs with LD and GD. Therefore, it can be inferred that clinical demodicosis in dogs is coupled with an up-regulation of TLR2 and down-regulation of TLR4 and TLR6 gene expressions. Overexpression of TLR2 gene might be responsible for Demodex-induced clinical manifestations, while TLR4 and TLR6 gene down-regulations could be the paramount strategy of Demodex mites to elude the host-immune interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumari
- College of Biotechnology, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - R Nigam
- College of Biotechnology, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - S Choudhury
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - B Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - D Kumar
- College of Biotechnology, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - S K Garg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
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Kranz J, Parnham A, Albersen M, Sahdev V, Ziada M, Nigam R, Muneer A, Steffens J, Malone P. Zentralisierung der Harnröhre und Pseudoglansbildung nach partieller Penektomie. Urologe A 2017; 56:1293-1297. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-017-0478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kar BR, Srinivasan N, Nehabala Y, Nigam R. Proactive and reactive control depends on emotional valence: a Stroop study with emotional expressions and words. Cogn Emot 2017; 32:325-340. [PMID: 28393610 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2017.1304897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined proactive and reactive control effects in the context of task-relevant happy, sad, and angry facial expressions on a face-word Stroop task. Participants identified the emotion expressed by a face that contained a congruent or incongruent emotional word (happy/sad/angry). Proactive control effects were measured in terms of the reduction in Stroop interference (difference between incongruent and congruent trials) as a function of previous trial emotion and previous trial congruence. Reactive control effects were measured in terms of the reduction in Stroop interference as a function of current trial emotion and previous trial congruence. Previous trial negative emotions exert greater influence on proactive control than the positive emotion. Sad faces in the previous trial resulted in greater reduction in the Stroop interference for happy faces in the current trial. However, current trial angry faces showed stronger adaptation effects compared to happy faces. Thus, both proactive and reactive control mechanisms are dependent on emotional valence of task-relevant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Rastogi Kar
- a Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad , Allahabad , India
| | - Narayanan Srinivasan
- a Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad , Allahabad , India
| | - Yagyima Nehabala
- a Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad , Allahabad , India
| | - Richa Nigam
- a Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad , Allahabad , India
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Singhai J, Nigam R, Jain AK. The Demographic Study of Otorhinolaryngological Trauma Among Patients with Head and Neck Trauma and Their Management in a Tertiary Care Centre. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 70:249-255. [PMID: 29977850 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-017-1132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The trauma has been increasing in frequency, especially in recent decades because of the higher number of automobile accidents and violence. The ear, nose and face region is the area in the body that is commonly involved in head and neck injury. Trauma to this region is often associated with mortality and varying degree of physical, functional and psychological damage. To study the demography, aetiology, clinical presentation, outcome of ENT trauma in our tertiary care centre and to compare our study with previous studies to see the changing trends with passage of time. A prospective study was conducted on 200 head and neck patients with ENT injuries during a period of 1 year from July 2014 to July 2015, who were admitted in ENT Department and Trauma Centre of Gajra Raja Medical College and J.A. Group of Hospital, Gwalior. Most of the patients were young adult males of age group 18-40 years (45, 22.5%) with a male:female ratio 1.78:1. Among them 53% patients were from rural area while 47% were from urban area. RTA is the most prevalent cause of ENT trauma (37%), followed by interpersonal violence (25%). 27% of the patients had facial injury and multiple region injury each. Among 200 patients 33% were managed conservatively on the other hand 66% patients required surgical interventions. Mortality rate was 8%. Among all 184 survivors 25.5% suffered from hearing loss, 14.5% had tympanic membrane perforation with hearing loss, 12% had pinna disfigurement, 10% had change in voice, 6.5% had permanent nasal deformity, 2% had facial nerve palsy. Young male adults were the most prevalent victims of ENT trauma, and Road traffic accidents were responsible for majority of the ENT injuries. Screening of all the patients with head and neck injuries for the presence of trauma in the ENT region should be introduced to enable early detection and therefore prevention of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Singhai
- Department of ENT, Gajra Raja Medical College and JA Group of Hospitals, Gwalior, M.P. India.,Room No 22, Senior Girls Hostel, JAH Campus, Gwalior, M.P. India
| | - R Nigam
- Department of ENT, Gajra Raja Medical College and JA Group of Hospitals, Gwalior, M.P. India
| | - A K Jain
- Department of ENT, Gajra Raja Medical College and JA Group of Hospitals, Gwalior, M.P. India
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M A, Parnham A, Sandev V, Christodoulidou M, Akers C, Freeman A, Nigam R, Minhas S, Malone P, Muneer A. 172 Predicting Local Recurrence (LR) Following Glansectomy Combined With A Split-Thickness Skin Graft in Patients With Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Sex Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nigam R, Dubey R, Saraswat R, Sundaresh, Gaur AS, Loveson VJ. Ancient Indians (Harappan Settlement) were Aware of Tsunami/Storm Protection Measures:A New Interpretation of Thick Walls at Dholavira, Gujarat, India. CURR SCI INDIA 2016. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v111/i12/2040-2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kum F, Jones A, Nigam R. 780. Factors affecting urinary retention after transperineal template biopsy of the prostate. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.06.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Shivange G, Monisha M, Nigam R, Kodipelli N, Anindya R. RecA stimulates AlkB-mediated direct repair of DNA adducts. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:8754-8763. [PMID: 27378775 PMCID: PMC5062977 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Escherichia coli AlkB protein is a 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent demethylase that repairs alkylated single stranded and double stranded DNA. Immunoaffinity chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry identified RecA, a key factor in homologous recombination, as an AlkB-associated protein. The interaction between AlkB and RecA was validated by yeast two-hybrid assay; size-exclusion chromatography and standard pull down experiment and was shown to be direct and mediated by the N-terminal domain of RecA. RecA binding results AlkB–RecA heterodimer formation and RecA–AlkB repairs alkylated DNA with higher efficiency than AlkB alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj Shivange
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502285 Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohan Monisha
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502285 Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Richa Nigam
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502285 Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naveena Kodipelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502285 Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502285 Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Sharma L, Pandey V, Nigam R, Saxena A, Swain DK, Yadav B. Association of oxidative status and semen characteristics with seminal plasma proteins of buffalo semen. Iran J Vet Res 2016; 17:226-230. [PMID: 28224004 PMCID: PMC5309452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To study the influence of season on oxidative status of buffalo semen and their association with semen characteristics and seminal plasma proteins, ejaculates were collected twice a week in winter, summer and rainy seasons from six adult Bhadawari buffalo bulls. The neat semen was analyzed for semen characteristics immediately after collection and oxidative status viz. lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and total protein (TP) were estimated in seminal plasma. The protein profiling was carried out by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The significant effect of season was observed on TP, SOD activity and % protein fractions of seminal plasma proteins of buffalo bulls. The TP values showed positive correlation with ejaculate volume (EV), sperm concentration (SC), and % live-dead (LD) and negative correlation with progressive motility (PM), and hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST). The SOD activity showed positive correlation with PM, LD, HOST and % acrosoamal integrity (AI). Besides that, results showed correlation of TP with 6.5, 38 and 66 kDa proteins, LPO with 70, 72, 84 and 86 kDa proteins, CAT with 70 kDa and 86 kDa proteins, and SOD with 6.5, 24.5, 44.5, 70 and 72 kDa proteins. In conclusion, this study indicated that TP and SOD activity of seminal plasma of buffalo bulls were influenced by season and were found to be associated with some of the semen characteristics and expression of seminal plasma proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University, Mathura, 281001, India;
| | - V. Pandey
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University, Mathura, 281001, India; ,Correspondence: V. Pandey, Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University, Mathura, 281001, India. E-mail:
| | - R. Nigam
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University, Mathura, 281001, India;
| | - A. Saxena
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University, Mathura, 281001, India;
| | - D. K. Swain
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University, Mathura, 281001, India
| | - B. Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University, Mathura, 281001, India
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Nigam R, Srivastava MM. Effects of carboxylic and amino acids on Cd uptake byLycopersicum esculentum. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/095422905782774973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sharma L, Pandey V, Nigam R, Singh P, Saxena A, Swain DK. Seasonal Variations in Seminal Plasma Proteins of Buffalo. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:387-91. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry; UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalya evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU); Mathura Uttar Pradesh India
| | - V Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry; UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalya evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU); Mathura Uttar Pradesh India
| | - R Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry; UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalya evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU); Mathura Uttar Pradesh India
| | - P Singh
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry; UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalya evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU); Mathura Uttar Pradesh India
| | - A Saxena
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics; College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry; UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalya evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU); Mathura Uttar Pradesh India
| | - DK Swain
- Department of Veterinary Physiology; College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry; UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalya evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU); Mathura Uttar Pradesh India
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Price KJ, Cardenas-Turanzas M, Lin H, Roden L, Nigam R, Nates JL. Prognostic indicators of mortality of mechanically ventilated patients with acute leukemia in a comprehensive cancer center. Minerva Anestesiol 2013; 79:147-155. [PMID: 23032926 PMCID: PMC3935771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis for adult acute leukemia patients that require intensive care unit (ICU) admission and invasive mechanical ventilation is poor. We aimed to identify prognostic indicators of 30-day hospital mortality in adult patients who had acute leukemia and respiratory failure, who had received invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU but who had not received blood and marrow transplantation, were not admitted due to cardiopulmonary arrest or myocardial infarction and, had not recently undergone surgery. METHODS In this case-control study, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of relevant patients >16 year old who had been admitted to the ICU at our institution over a 4-year period. The main outcome measure was 30-day hospital mortality. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine significant predictors of death. RESULTS For the 167 patients meeting our eligibility criteria, the median age was 61 years. The majority was admitted due to respiratory insufficiency/failure (69%). The 30-day hospital mortality rate was 62%. Independent predictors of 30-day hospital mortality were advanced disease status (odds ratio [OR]=3.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-6.77) and increased organ failure at the time of intubation (OR=1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.33) per point increase in the SOFA score. Patients who had received endotracheal intubation within the first 24 h of ICU admission were less likely than others to die (OR=0.46, 95% CI, 0.23-0.91) within the next 30 days after admission to the hospital. CONCLUSION Advanced disease status and elevated SOFA scores at intubation are strong predictors of 30-day mortality in patients with acute leukemia and respiratory failure. The protective effect of early endotracheal intubation warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Price
- Department of Critical Care, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Nigam R, Pan AV, Dou SX. Magnetic phase diagrams based on static and dynamic magnetic behaviour in Ru-based superconducting ferromagnets. J Phys Condens Matter 2011; 23:435702. [PMID: 21997196 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/43/435702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present magnetic phase diagrams of a RuSr(2)Eu(1.5)Ce(0.5)Cu(2)O(10-δ) (Ru-1222) superconducting ferromagnet derived from its static and dynamic magnetic responses, measured by temperature and field dependences of dc magnetization and nonlinear ac susceptibility in both low and high magnetic fields. Comparison of magnetic phase diagrams of phase pure and impure samples singles out the intrinsic and extrinsic magnetic features, naturally proposing a unified model of Ru-1222 magnetic behaviour. The results considered within the proposed interpretation indicate full agreement between static and dynamic properties which, if measured in combination, effectively complement each other, uncovering existing ambiguities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nigam
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
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Alladi S, Shailaja M, Santhoshi C, Nigam R, Kaul S. P4‐313: Age of dementia onset delayed by bilingualism, but advanced by stroke. Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richa Nigam
- Nizam's Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabadIndia
| | - Subhash Kaul
- Nizam's Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabadIndia
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Alladi S, Ch S, Shailaja M, Santhoshi C, Nigam R, Kaul S. P4‐371: Empathy and frontal behavioral patterns discriminate between vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.09.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richa Nigam
- Nizam's Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabadIndia
| | - Subhash Kaul
- Nizam's Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabadIndia
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Berinstein NL, Morse M, Kaufman H, Nemunaitis JJ, Odunsi K, Chatta GS, Weir G, MacDonald L, Stanford M, Karkada M, Nigam R, Mansour M. A phase I study of the safety and immunogenicity of a therapeutic vaccine, DPX-0907 in patients with advanced-stage ovarian, breast, or prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Nigam R, Nigam M, Wavre RR, Deshpande A, Chandorkar RK. Breastfeeding practices in baby friendly hospitals of Indore. Indian J Pediatr 2010; 77:689-90. [PMID: 20532695 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-010-0079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An interview based cross sectional study was conducted in two of the designated Baby Friendly Hospitals of Indore in the year 2008. None of the hospitals were having a written breastfeeding policy, which is routinely communicated to all the health workers and no regular training regarding the Programme was being imparted. There is a need to develop a BFHI Monitoring System to ensure that the status is kept in check. Training regarding essential Criteria of BFHI should be there for all the staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Nigam
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, SAIMS Medical College, Indore, India.
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Barua J, Campbell I I, Cole O, Harris D, Kaisary A, Larner T, Miller P, Nigam R, Mumtaz F, Thilagarajah R, Thompson A, Brown S. High-intensity focused ultrasound for localized prostate cancer: initial experience with a 2-year follow-up. BJU Int 2010; 104:1794; author eply 1794-5. [PMID: 20053194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.09065_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nigam R, Linshy VN, Kurtarkar SR, Saraswat R. Effects of sudden stress due to heavy metal mercury on benthic foraminifer Rosalina leei: laboratory culture experiment. Mar Pollut Bull 2009; 59:362-368. [PMID: 19748104 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory culture experiments were carried out to understand the response of benthic foraminifer Rosalina leei to gradual as well as sudden addition of heavy metal mercury into the media. When mercury was added suddenly, specimens did not show any change in morphology during the initial 40 days. However, later on, out of all the specimens subjected to mercury concentrations up to 150 ng/l, 75% developed deformities, whereas all the specimens subjected to 150-275 ng/l Hg concentrations, had deformed chambers. All specimens kept at 300 ng/l Hg concentration died within 20 days. In addition to this, irregularities were also observed in the rate of reproduction, number of juveniles produced and the survival rate of the juveniles. Where as in an earlier experiment where Hg concentration was increased gradually, irregularities in the newly added chambers were noticed only in case of specimens subjected to very high (180 ng/l) Hg concentration. However, during this experiment, growth was found to be inversely proportional to the mercury concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nigam
- National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India.
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Abstract
Networks of reactions inside the cell are constrained by the laws of mass and energy balance. The second law of thermodynamics further constrains the topology of the metabolic network, by disallowing interactions that can sustain themselves when they are isolated from the rest of the network. We present an algorithm that identifies such subnetworks and makes them feasible by deleting reactions. This perturbs the network topology, but preserves the optimality of the mass balance solutions. This method has been applied to a full network of Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nigam
- W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4085, USA.
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Abstract
In view of the extensive use of foraminifers for the pollution monitoring especially their unmatched utility in deciphering the temporal variation in the type and concentration of pollutants at a given location, the literature dealing with the application of foraminifers for pollution studies has been reviewed. The pollution monitoring through foraminifers started with attribution of peculiar foraminiferal features at any location to the circumstantial presence of pollutants at that site. These peculiar features of the foraminifers in polluted areas included, variation in the abundance of total, calcareous and agglutinated foraminifers, species diversity, abnormal tests, etc. The abnormalities of tests included stunted growth, abraded margins, dissolved ornamentations, etc. Initially, much attention was paid to the effects of sewage pollution on the foraminifers but later on all kinds of human induced as well as natural pollutants came under the preview of foraminiferologists working on pollution aspects. The advantage of application of foraminifers, over other chemical and biological techniques, for pollution monitoring lies in their potentiality to decipher temporal variation in type and concentration of pollutants at any site even in the absence of pre-pollution studies, based on the recovery of foraminifers from the sediment core samples. Realizing the potential application of characteristic foraminiferal features from the polluted areas to decipher the variation in introduction and concentration of pollutants at any given location with time, efforts were made to characterize the specific types of foraminiferal features to the specific pollutants. It was at this point that the need of culture studies was widely felt which resulted in numerous lab and field culture studies where foraminifers were subjected to specific pollutants in order to document their response to these pollutants and to develop effective foraminiferal proxies for pollution monitoring through time. Such studies are still going on and it is felt that culture studies need to be supplemented with advanced crystallographic and molecular studies in order to find the mechanism through which foraminifers respond to the pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nigam
- Micropaleontology Laboratory, Geological Oceanography Division, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula-403 004, Goa, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nigam
- King George's Hospital, Lucknow, India
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Panchang R, Nigam R, Baig N, Nayak G. A foraminiferal testimony for the reduced adverse effects of mining in Zuari Estuary, Goa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00207230500241801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nigam R, Liang S. A pivoting algorithm for metabolic networks in the presence of thermodynamic constraints. Proc IEEE Comput Syst Bioinform Conf 2005:259-67. [PMID: 16447983 DOI: 10.1109/csb.2005.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A linear programming algorithm is presented to constructively compute thermodynamically feasible fluxes and change in chemical potentials of reactions for a metabolic network. It is based on physical laws of mass conservation and the second law of thermodynamics that all chemical reactions should satisfy. As a demonstration, the algorithm has been applied to the core metabolic pathway of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nigam
- W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4085, USA.
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Abstract
The effects of auditory stimuli in the form of synthetic speech output on the learning of graphic symbols were evaluated. Three adults with severe to profound mental retardation and communication impairments were taught to point to lexigrams when presented with words under two conditions. In the first condition, participants used a voice output communication aid to receive synthetic speech as antecedent and consequent stimuli. In the second condition, with a nonelectronic communications board, participants did not receive synthetic speech. A parallel treatments design was used to evaluate the effects of the synthetic speech output as an added component of the augmentative and alternative communication system. The 3 participants reached criterion when not provided with the auditory stimuli. Although 2 participants also reached criterion when not provided with the auditory stimuli, the addition of auditory stimuli resulted in more efficient learning and a decreased error rate. Maintenance results, however, indicated no differences between conditions. Finding suggest that auditory stimuli in the form of synthetic speech contribute to the efficient acquisition of graphic communication symbols.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Schlosser
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
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Saraswat R, Kurtarkar SR, Mazumder A, Nigam R. Foraminifers as indicators of marine pollution: a culture experiment with Rosalina leei. Mar Pollut Bull 2004; 48:91-96. [PMID: 14725879 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-326x(03)00330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop a viable foraminiferal proxy for heavy metal pollutants, juvenile specimens of Rosalina leei were subjected to different mercury concentrations (0-180 ng/l). Initially considerable growth was observed in specimens kept in saline water having a mercury concentration up to 100 ng/l. But with the gradual increase in concentration of mercury the growth rate started decreasing. Total growth achieved was significantly lower in case of specimens kept at relatively higher mercury concentrations then those maintained in normal saline water. The most significant result of this experiment was the addition of abnormal chambers in the specimens kept at higher mercury concentration. Later the specimens kept at highest concentration (180 ng/l) were subjected to progressively increasing concentration of mercury to see the further effects and it was found that the specimens were still living at as high a mercury concentration as 260 ng/l although there was no growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Saraswat
- National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, 403 004 Goa, India.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of antibodies in different organ-specific autoimmune diseases can vary depending on the racial group studied. Data on the prevalence of antibodies against steroidogenic enzymes in Addison's disease is available only for white Caucasians. We have evaluated the frequency of antibodies against adrenal cytoplasm, 21-hydroxylase, 17-alpha-hydroxylase and side-chain cleavage enzyme in a cohort of Indian patients with Addison's disease of idiopathic and granulomatous aetiology. DESIGN Study of all patients with Addison's disease on whom serum samples were available (84% of total), presenting to the Endocrinology Department in a teaching hospital in India, between 1990 and 1999. PATIENTS Thirty-eight patients with Addison's disease (19 idiopathic, 19 granulomatous). METHODS A radiobinding assay using in vitro transcribed and translated recombinant human 35S-labelled 21-hydroxylase, 17-alpha-hydroxylase and side-chain cleavage enzymes was utilized to detect the respective antibodies. Adrenal cytoplasmic antibodies were measured by indirect immunofluorescence on cryostatic sections of human adrenal cortex. RESULTS Of the 19 patients with idiopathic Addison's disease, adrenal cytoplasmic antibodies were present in five (26%) patients, while 21-hydroxylase antibodies were present in four (21%) subjects. The frequency of 21-hydroxylase antibodies was similar among patients with isolated idiopathic Addison's disease (3/13, 23%), and those associated with other organ-specific autoimmune diseases (1/6, 17%). 17-alpha-hydroxylase and side-chain cleavage antibodies were present in four (21%) and three (16%) patients, respectively. Overall, at least one of the three antibodies was present in eight (42%) subjects. All four female patients with premature ovarian failure had antibodies against 17-alpha-hydroxylase and/or side-chain cleavage enzyme. Two (11%) patients with granulomatous Addison's disease had adrenal antibodies. Of these, one patient with enlarged and calcified adrenal gland secondary to tuberculosis had a high titre of antibodies against all three steroidogenic enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Antibodies to 21-hydroxylase enzyme are less frequent in idiopathic Addison's disease in north Indians, when compared with other Caucasians. In contrast, the prevalence of 17-alpha-hydroxylase and side-chain cleavage enzyme antibodies is similar to those reported. High titre antibodies against steroidogenic enzymes may occasionally be present in patients with clinical evidence of tuberculous Addison's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nigam
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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