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Yadav S, Tawade P, Bachal K, Rakshe MA, Pundlik Y, Gandhi PS, Majumder A. Scalable large-area mesh-structured microfluidic gradient generator for drug testing applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:064103. [PMID: 36483022 PMCID: PMC9726219 DOI: 10.1063/5.0126616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic concentration gradient generators are useful in drug testing, drug screening, and other cellular applications to avoid manual errors, save time, and labor. However, expensive fabrication techniques make such devices prohibitively costly. Here, in the present work, we developed a microfluidic concentration gradient generator (μCGG) using a recently proposed non-conventional photolithography-less method. In this method, ceramic suspension fluid was shaped into a square mesh by controlling Saffman Taylor instability in a multiport lifted Hele-Shaw cell (MLHSC). Using the shaped ceramic structure as the template, μCGG was prepared by soft lithography. The concentration gradient was characterized and effect of the flow rates was studied using COMSOL simulations. The simulation result was further validated by creating a fluorescein dye (fluorescein isothiocanate) gradient in the fabricated μCGG. To demonstrate the use of this device for drug testing, we created various concentrations of an anticancer drug-curcumin-using the device and determined its inhibitory concentration on cervical cancer cell-line HeLa. We found that the IC50 of curcumin for HeLa matched well with the conventional multi-well drug testing method. This method of μCGG fabrication has multiple advantages over conventional photolithography such as: (i) the channel layout and inlet-outlet arrangements can be changed by simply wiping the ceramic fluid before it solidifies, (ii) it is cost effective, (iii) large area patterning is easily achievable, and (iv) the method is scalable. This technique can be utilized to achieve a broad range of concentration gradient to be used for various biological and non-biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Pratik Tawade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Ketaki Bachal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Makrand A. Rakshe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Yash Pundlik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasanna S. Gandhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhijit Majumder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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Shahrivari S, Aminoroaya N, Ghods R, Latifi H, Afjei SA, Saraygord-Afshari N, Bagheri Z. Toxicity of trastuzumab for breast cancer spheroids: Application of a novel on-a-chip concentration gradient generator. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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3
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Jin Y, Aziz AUR, Wu B, Lv Y, Zhang H, Li N, Liu B, Zhang Z. The Road to Unconventional Detections: Paper-Based Microfluidic Chips. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1835. [PMID: 36363856 PMCID: PMC9696303 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional detectors are mostly made up of complicated structures that are hard to use. A paper-based microfluidic chip, however, combines the advantages of being small, efficient, easy to process, and environmentally friendly. The paper-based microfluidic chips for biomedical applications focus on efficiency, accuracy, integration, and innovation. Therefore, continuous progress is observed in the transition from single-channel detection to multi-channel detection and in the shift from qualitative detection to quantitative detection. These developments improved the efficiency and accuracy of single-cell substance detection. Paper-based microfluidic chips can provide insight into a variety of fields, including biomedicine and other related fields. This review looks at how paper-based microfluidic chips are prepared, analyzed, and used to help with both biomedical development and functional integration, ideally at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Jin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Life Science and Pharmacy, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Aziz ur Rehman Aziz
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bin Wu
- China Certification and Inspection Group Liaoning Co., Ltd., Dalian 116039, China
| | - Ying Lv
- China Certification and Inspection Group Liaoning Co., Ltd., Dalian 116039, China
| | - Hangyu Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Na Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhengyao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Pharmacy, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Khamcharoen W, Kaewjua K, Yomthiangthae P, Anekrattanasap A, Chailapakul O, Siangproh W. Recent developments in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for pharmaceutical analysis. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:CTMC-EPUB-127245. [PMID: 36305123 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221027144310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, due to the global increase in diseases, drugs for biomedical applications have increased dramatically. Therefore, there is an urgent need for analytical tools to monitor, treat, investigate, and control drug compounds in diverse matrices. The new and challenging task has been looking for simple, low-cost, rapid, and portable analytical platforms. The development of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) has garnered immense attention in many analytical applications due to the benefit of cellulose structure. It can be functionalized and serves as an ideal channel and scaffold for the transportation and immobilization of various substances. Microfluidic technology has been considered an effective tool in pharmaceutical analysis that facilitates the quantitative measurement of several parameters on cells or other biological systems. The µPADs represent unique advantages over conventional microfluidics, such as the self-pumping capability. They have low material costs, are easy to fabricate, and do not require external power sources. This review gives an overview of the current designs in this decade for µPADs and their respective application in pharmaceutical analysis. These include device designs, choice of paper material, and fabrication techniques with their advantages and drawbacks. In addition, the strategies for improving analytical performance in terms of simplicity, high sensitivity, and selectivity are highlighted, followed by the application of µPADs design for the detection of drug compounds for various purposes. Moreover, we present recent advances involving µPAD technologies in the field of pharmaceutical applications. Finally, we discussed the challenges and potential of µPADs for the transition from laboratory to commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisarut Khamcharoen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Kantima Kaewjua
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Phanumas Yomthiangthae
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Ananyaporn Anekrattanasap
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Weena Siangproh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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Zhang N, Liu Z, Wang J. Machine-Learning-Enabled Design and Manipulation of a Microfluidic Concentration Gradient Generator. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1810. [PMID: 36363832 PMCID: PMC9697332 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics concentration gradient generators have been widely applied in chemical and biological fields. However, the current gradient generators still have some limitations. In this work, we presented a microfluidic concentration gradient generator with its corresponding manipulation process to generate an arbitrary concentration gradient. Machine-learning techniques and interpolation algorithms were implemented to help researchers instantly analyze the current concentration profile of the gradient generator with different inlet configurations. The proposed method has a 93.71% accuracy rate with a 300× acceleration effect compared to the conventional finite element analysis. In addition, our method shows the potential application of the design automation and computer-aided design of microfluidics by leveraging both artificial neural networks and computer science algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyin Zhang
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhenya Liu
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Junchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Valle NME, Nucci MP, Alves AH, Rodrigues LD, Mamani JB, Oliveira FA, Lopes CS, Lopes AT, Carreño MNP, Gamarra LF. Advances in Concentration Gradient Generation Approaches in a Microfluidic Device for Toxicity Analysis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193101. [PMID: 36231063 PMCID: PMC9563958 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to analyze the development and functionality of microfluidic concentration gradient generators (CGGs) for toxicological evaluation of different biological organisms. We searched articles using the keywords: concentration gradient generator, toxicity, and microfluidic device. Only 33 of the 352 articles found were included and examined regarding the fabrication of the microdevices, the characteristics of the CGG, the biological model, and the desired results. The main fabrication method was soft lithography, using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material (91%) and SU-8 as the mold (58.3%). New technologies were applied to minimize shear and bubble problems, reduce costs, and accelerate prototyping. The Christmas tree CGG design and its variations were the most reported in the studies, as well as the convective method of generation (61%). Biological models included bacteria and nematodes for antibiotic screening, microalgae for pollutant toxicity, tumor and normal cells for, primarily, chemotherapy screening, and Zebrafish embryos for drug and metal developmental toxicity. The toxic effects of each concentration generated were evaluated mostly with imaging and microscopy techniques. This study showed an advantage of CGGs over other techniques and their applicability for several biological models. Even with soft lithography, PDMS, and Christmas tree being more popular in their respective categories, current studies aim to apply new technologies and intricate architectures to improve testing effectiveness and reduce common microfluidics problems, allowing for high applicability of toxicity tests in different medical and environmental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. E. Valle
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo 01303-050, Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Nucci
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil
- LIM44—Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Caique S. Lopes
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo 01303-050, Brazil
| | - Alexandre T. Lopes
- Departamento de Engenharia de Sistema Eletrônicos, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N. P. Carreño
- Departamento de Engenharia de Sistema Eletrônicos, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Lionel F. Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo 01303-050, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-0243
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7
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Kumawat N, Soman SS, Vijayavenkataraman S, Kumar S. Rapid and inexpensive process to fabricate paper based microfluidic devices using a cut and heat plastic lamination process. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3377-3389. [PMID: 35801817 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00452f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (microPADs) are emerging as simple-to-use, low-cost point-of-care testing platforms. Such devices are mostly fabricated at present by creating hydrophobic barriers using wax or photoresist patterning on porous paper sheets. Even though devices fabricated using these methods are used and tested with a wide variety of analytes, still they pose many serious practical limitations for low-cost automated mass fabrication for their widespread applicability. We present an affordable and simple two-step process - cut and heat (CH-microPADs) - for the selective fabrication of hydrophilic channels and reservoirs on a wide variety of porous media such as tissue/printing/filter paper and cloth types, such as cotton and polyester, by a lamination process. The technique presents many advantages as compared to existing commonly used methods. The devices possess excellent mechanical strength against bending, folding and twisting, making them virtually unbreakable. They are structurally flexible and show good chemical resistance to various solvents, acids and bases, presenting widespread applicability in areas such as clinical diagnostics, biological sensing applications, food processing, and the chemical industry. Fabricated paper media 96 well-plate CH-microPAD configurations were tested for cell culture applications using mice embryonic fibroblasts and detection of proteins and enzymes using ELISA. With a simple two-step process and minimal human intervention, the technique presents a promising step towards mass fabrication of inexpensive disposable diagnostic devices for both resource-limited and developed regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Kumawat
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Soja Saghar Soman
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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8
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Liu X, Li X, Wu N, Luo Y, Zhang J, Yu Z, Shen F. Formation and Parallel Manipulation of Gradient Droplets on a Self-Partitioning SlipChip for Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1977-1984. [PMID: 35815869 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flexible, robust, and user-friendly screening systems with a large dynamic range are highly desired in scientific research, industrial development, and clinical diagnostics. Droplet-based microfluidic systems with gradient concentrations of chemicals have been demonstrated as promising tools to provide confined microenvironments for screening tests with small reaction volumes. However, the generation and manipulation of gradient droplets, such as droplet merging, generally require sophisticated fluidic manipulation systems, potentially limiting their application in decentralized settings. We present a gradient-droplet SlipChip (gd-SlipChip) microfluidic device that enables instrument-free gradient droplet formation and parallel manipulation. The device can establish a gradient profile by free interfacial diffusion in a continuous fluidic channel. With a simple slipping step, gradient droplets can be generated by a surface tension-driven self-partitioning process. Additional reagents can be introduced in parallel to these gradient droplets with further slipping operations to initiate screening tests of the droplets over a large concentration range. To profile the concentration in the gradient droplets, we establish a numerical simulation model and verify it with hydrogen chloride (HCl) diffusion, as tested with a dual-color pH indicator (methyl orange and aniline blue). As a proof of concept, we tested this system with a gradient concentration of nitrofurantoin for the phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Escherichia coli. The results of our gd-SlipChip-based AST on both reference and clinical strains of E. coli can be indicated by the bacterial growth profile within 3 h and are consistent with the clinical culture-based AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Nannan Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Phage, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ziqing Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Feng Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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Park SJ, Jung TH, Kim JH, Lee KY, Kim J, Ju J, Moon SH. In silico design and fabrication of an SFI chip-based microspheroid culture system. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2991-3005. [PMID: 35521942 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00250g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of microfluidic devices and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has propelled the need for next-generation biomimetic cell culture platforms that are flexible for monitoring and regulation. Therefore, this study evaluated a CFD application in an in silico-designed and spheroid-based flow integration 3D cell culture chip (SFI chip) to illustrate cell culture, drug screening, cytokine delivery, and differentiation of cells in a platform that partially recapitulates the natural environment. Our results show that a flow rate of 0.05 mL h-1 or less induced no physical stress in the SFI chip (15 mm), and uniform cell spheroids (approximately 200 μm) were formed across the platform. The cultured cells were tested in several experimental contexts (co-culture, drug screening, cytokine delivery, and differentiation), demonstrating the usefulness of computational simulation in expediting discovery and simple and effective means to scale the production of standardized cell spheroids cultured under dynamic and natural conditions. Advanced cell culture technologies can be used to accelerate research and discovery and the preclinical and clinical development of cell and cell-free therapies for urgent medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Jung Park
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co. Ltd, Siheung, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taek-Hee Jung
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co. Ltd, Siheung, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Hyupsung University, Hwasung, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Yong Lee
- Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyun Kim
- Department of Physics, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongil Ju
- Department of Physics, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of R&D, ABM Scientific Co., Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co. Ltd, Siheung, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Animal Biotechnology, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Zhou P, He H, Ma H, Wang S, Hu S. A Review of Optical Imaging Technologies for Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020274. [PMID: 35208397 PMCID: PMC8877635 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics can precisely control and manipulate micro-scale fluids, and are also known as lab-on-a-chip or micro total analysis systems. Microfluidics have huge application potential in biology, chemistry, and medicine, among other fields. Coupled with a suitable detection system, the detection and analysis of small-volume and low-concentration samples can be completed. This paper reviews an optical imaging system combined with microfluidics, including bright-field microscopy, chemiluminescence imaging, spectrum-based microscopy imaging, and fluorescence-based microscopy imaging. At the end of the article, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
| | - Haipeng He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
| | - Hanbin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China;
- Guangdong ACXEL Micro & Nano Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Siyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China;
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (S.H.)
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Micro/nanofluidic devices for drug delivery. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:9-39. [PMID: 35094782 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Micro/nanofluidic drug delivery systems have attracted significant attention as they offer unique advantages in targeted and controlled drug delivery. Based on the desired application, these systems can be categorized into three different groups: in vitro, in situ and in vivo microfluidic drug delivery platforms. In vitro microfluidic drug delivery platforms are closely linked with the emerging concept of lab-on-a-chip for cell culture studies. These systems can be used to administer drugs or therapeutic agents, mostly at the cellular or tissue level, to find the therapeutic index and can potentially be used for personalized medicine. In situ and in vivo microfluidic drug delivery platforms are still at the developmental stage and can be used for drug delivery at tissue or organ levels. A famous example of these systems are microneedles that can be used for painless and controllable delivery of drugs or vaccines through human skin. This chapter presents the cutting edge advances in the design and fabrication of in vitro microfluidic drug delivery systems that can be used for both cellular and tissue drug delivery. It also briefly discusses the in situ drug delivery platforms using microneedles.
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12
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Koike F, Takayama T. Generation of Concentration Gradients by a Outer-Circumference-Driven On-Chip Mixer. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:mi13010068. [PMID: 35056233 PMCID: PMC8777788 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The concentration control of reagents is an important factor in microfluidic devices for cell cultivation and chemical mixing, but it is difficult to realize owing to the characteristics of microfluidic devices. We developed a microfluidic device that can generate concentration gradients among multiple main chambers. Multiple main chambers are connected in parallel to the body channel via the neck channel. The main chamber is subjected to a volume change through a driving chamber that surrounds the main chamber, and agitation is performed on the basis of the inequality of flow caused by expansion or contraction. The neck channel is connected tangentially to the main chamber. When the main chamber expands or contracts, the flow in the main chamber is unequal, and a net vortex is generated. The liquid moving back and forth in the neck channel gradually absorbs the liquid in the body channel into the main chamber. As the concentration in the main chamber changes depending on the pressure applied to the driving chamber, we generated a concentration gradient by arranging chambers along the pressure gradient. This allowed for us to create an environment with different concentrations on a single microchip, which is expected to improve observation efficiency and save space.
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Grubb ML, Caliari SR. Fabrication approaches for high-throughput and biomimetic disease modeling. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:52-82. [PMID: 33716174 PMCID: PMC8433272 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is often a tradeoff between in vitro disease modeling platforms that capture pathophysiologic complexity and those that are amenable to high-throughput fabrication and analysis. However, this divide is closing through the application of a handful of fabrication approaches-parallel fabrication, automation, and flow-driven assembly-to design sophisticated cellular and biomaterial systems. The purpose of this review is to highlight methods for the fabrication of high-throughput biomaterial-based platforms and showcase examples that demonstrate their utility over a range of throughput and complexity. We conclude with a discussion of future considerations for the continued development of higher-throughput in vitro platforms that capture the appropriate level of biological complexity for the desired application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There is a pressing need for new biomedical tools to study and understand disease. These platforms should mimic the complex properties of the body while also permitting investigation of many combinations of cells, extracellular cues, and/or therapeutics in high-throughput. This review summarizes emerging strategies to fabricate biomimetic disease models that bridge the gap between complex tissue-mimicking microenvironments and high-throughput screens for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L Grubb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States.
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14
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Shakeri A, Khan S, Didar TF. Conventional and emerging strategies for the fabrication and functionalization of PDMS-based microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3053-3075. [PMID: 34286800 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00288k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is an emerging and multidisciplinary field that is of great interest to manufacturers in medicine, biotechnology, and chemistry, as it provides unique tools for the development of point-of-care diagnostics, organs-on-chip systems, and biosensors. Polymeric microfluidics, unlike glass and silicon, offer several advantages such as low-cost mass manufacturing and a wide range of beneficial material properties, which make them the material of choice for commercial applications and high-throughput systems. Among polymers used for the fabrication of microfluidic devices, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) still remains the most widely used material in academia due to its advantageous properties, such as excellent transparency and biocompatibility. However, commercialization of PDMS has been a challenge mostly due to the high cost of the current fabrication strategies. Moreover, specific surface modification and functionalization steps are required to tailor the surface chemistry of PDMS channels (e.g. biomolecule immobilization, surface hydrophobicity and antifouling properties) with respect to the desired application. While significant research has been reported in the field of PDMS microfluidics, functionalization of PDMS surfaces remains a critical step in the fabrication process that is difficult to navigate. This review first offers a thorough illustration of existing fabrication methods for PDMS-based microfluidic devices, providing several recent advancements in this field with the aim of reducing the cost and time for mass production of these devices. Next, various conventional and emerging approaches for engineering the surface chemistry of PDMS are discussed in detail. We provide a wide range of functionalization techniques rendering PDMS microchannels highly biocompatible for physical or covalent immobilization of various biological entities while preventing non-specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Shadman Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tohid F Didar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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15
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Hamidon NN, Salentijn GI, Verpoorte E. Enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25677-25685. [PMID: 34354827 PMCID: PMC8311897 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04916j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprecise control of fluid flows in paper-based devices is a major challenge in pushing the innovations in this area towards societal implementation. Assays on paper tend to have low reaction yield and reproducibility issues that lead to poor sensitivity and detection limits. Understanding and addressing these issues is key to improving the performance of paper-based devices. In this work, we use colorimetric analysis to observe the mixing behaviour of molecules from two parallel flow streams in unobstructed (on unpatterned paper) and constricted flow (through the gap of a patterned hourglass structure). The model system used for characterization of mixing involved the reaction of Fe3+ with SCN− to form the coloured, soluble complex Fe(SCN)2+. At all tested concentrations (equal concentrations of 50.0 mM, 25.0 mM or 12.5 mM for KSCN and FeCl3 in each experiment), the reaction yield increases (higher colorimetric signal) and better mixing is obtained (lower relative standard deviation) as the gap of the flow constriction becomes smaller (4.69–0.32 mm). This indicates enhanced passive mixing of reagents. A transition window of gap widths exhibiting no mixing enhancement (about 2 mm) to gap widths exhibiting complete mixing (0.5 mm) is defined. The implementation of gap sizes that are smaller than 0.5 mm (below the transition window) for passive mixing is suggested as a good strategy to obtain complete mixing and reproducible reaction yields on paper. In addition, the hourglass structure was used to define the ratio of reagents to be mixed (2 : 1, 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 HCl–NaOH) by simply varying the width ratio of the input channels of the paper. This allows easy adaptation of the device to reaction stoichiometry. Efficient passive mixing can be achieved by contricting the reagent flow using structures having narrow gaps.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Nadiah Hamidon
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen 9700 AD Groningen The Netherlands +31 50 363 75 82 +31 50 363 33 37.,Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26300 Kuantan Malaysia
| | - Gert Ij Salentijn
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Verpoorte
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen 9700 AD Groningen The Netherlands +31 50 363 75 82 +31 50 363 33 37
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16
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Jeon J, Park C, Ponnuvelu DV, Park S. Enhanced Sensing Behavior of Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (3D-μPADs) with Evaporation-Free Enclosed Channels for Point-of-Care Testing. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11060977. [PMID: 34071424 PMCID: PMC8229230 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the potential in fabrication of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for point-of-care testing (POCT) kits, the development of simple, accurate, and rapid devices with higher sensitivity remains challenging. Here, we report a novel method for 3D-μPAD fabrication with enclosed channels using vat photopolymerization to avoid fluid evaporation. In detail, height of the enclosed channels was adjusted from 0.3 to 0.17 mm by varying the UV exposure time from 1 to 4 s for the top barrier, whereas the exposure time for the bottom and side barriers was fixed. As a result, sample flow in the enclosed channels of 3D-μPADs showed lesser wicking speed with very scant evaporation compared to that in the hemi channels in the 3D-μPADs. The stoppage of evaporation in the enclosed channels significantly improved the gray intensity and uniformity in the detection zone of the 3D-μPADs, resulting in as low as 0.3 mM glucose detection. Thus 3D-μPADs with enclosed channels showed enhanced sensitivity compared to the 3D-μPADs with hemi channels when dealing with a small volume sample. Our work provides a new insight into 3D-μPAD design with enclosed channels, which redefines the methodology in 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyung Jeon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.J.); (C.P.); (D.V.P.)
| | - Chanyong Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.J.); (C.P.); (D.V.P.)
| | - Dinesh Veeran Ponnuvelu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.J.); (C.P.); (D.V.P.)
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.J.); (C.P.); (D.V.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (iQB), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-290-7431
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17
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Samara B, Deliorman M, Sukumar P, Qasaimeh MA. Cryopreservable arrays of paper-based 3D tumor models for high throughput drug screening. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:844-854. [PMID: 33615319 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01300e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tumor models have gained increased attention in life-science applications as they better represent physiological conditions of in vivo tumor microenvironments, and thus, possess big potential for guiding drug screening studies. Although various techniques proved effective in growing cancer cells in 3D, their procedures are typically complex, time consuming, and expensive. Here, we present a versatile, robust, and cost-effective method that utilizes a paper platform to create cryopreservable high throughput arrays of 3D tumor models. In the approach, we use custom 3D printed masks along with simple chemistry modifications to engineer highly localized hydrophilic 'virtual microwells', or microspots, on paper for 3D cell aggregation, surrounded by hydrophobic barriers that prevent inter-microspot mixing. The method supports the formation and cryopreservation of 3D tumor arrays for extended periods of storage time. Using MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, we show that the cryopreservable arrays of paper-based 3D models are effective in studying tumor response to cisplatin drug treatment, while replicating key characteristics of the in vivo tumors that are absent in conventional 2D cultures. This technology offers a low cost, easy, and fast experimental procedure, and allows for 3D tumor arrays to be cryopreserved and thawed for on-demand use. This could potentially provide unparalleled advantages to the fields of tissue engineering and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisan Samara
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, 129188 United Arab Emirates.
| | - Muhammedin Deliorman
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, 129188 United Arab Emirates.
| | - Pavithra Sukumar
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, 129188 United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammad A Qasaimeh
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, 129188 United Arab Emirates. and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201 USA
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18
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Tong X, Ga L, Zhao R, Ai J. Research progress on the applications of paper chips. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8793-8820. [PMID: 35423393 PMCID: PMC8695313 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10470a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the modern pursuit of the quality of life, science and technology have rapidly developed, resulting in higher requirements for various detection methods based on analytical technology. Herein, the development, fabrication, detection and application of paper-based microfluidic chips (μPAD) are summarized. We aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of paper chips, and then discuss challenges and future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- College of Chemistry and Enviromental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University 81 zhaowudalu Hohhot 010022 China
| | - Lu Ga
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinchuankaifaqu Hohhot 010110 China
| | - Ruiguo Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010020 China
| | - Jun Ai
- College of Chemistry and Enviromental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University 81 zhaowudalu Hohhot 010022 China
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19
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Temirel M, Dabbagh SR, Tasoglu S. Hemp-Based Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020182. [PMID: 33673025 PMCID: PMC7917756 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemp is a sustainable, recyclable, and high-yield annual crop that can be used to produce textiles, plastics, composites, concrete, fibers, biofuels, bionutrients, and paper. The integration of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) with hemp paper can improve the environmental friendliness and high-throughputness of µPADs. However, there is a lack of sufficient scientific studies exploring the functionality, pros, and cons of hemp as a substrate for µPADs. Herein, we used a desktop pen plotter and commercial markers to pattern hydrophobic barriers on hemp paper, in a single step, in order to characterize the ability of markers to form water-resistant patterns on hemp. In addition, since a higher resolution results in densely packed, cost-effective devices with a minimized need for costly reagents, we examined the smallest and thinnest water-resistant patterns plottable on hemp-based papers. Furthermore, the wicking speed and distance of fluids with different viscosities on Whatman No. 1 and hemp papers were compared. Additionally, the wettability of hemp and Whatman grade 1 paper was compared by measuring their contact angles. Besides, the effects of various channel sizes, as well as the number of branches, on the wicking distance of the channeled hemp paper was studied. The governing equations for the wicking distance on channels with laser-cut and hydrophobic side boundaries are presented and were evaluated with our experimental data, elucidating the applicability of the modified Washburn equation for modeling the wicking distance of fluids on hemp paper-based microfluidic devices. Finally, we validated hemp paper as a substrate for the detection and analysis of the potassium concentration in artificial urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikail Temirel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Sajjad Rahmani Dabbagh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Çengelköy, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34470, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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20
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Wang S, Chen X. Simulation and experimental investigation on the circular concentration gradient generator. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1838921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shouxin Wang
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xueye Chen
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
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21
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Li X, Wang L, Xiao G, Qiao Y, Wang F, Xia Q, Yu L, Lu Z. Adhesive tape-assisted etching of silk fibroin film with LiBr aqueous solution for microfluidic devices. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111543. [PMID: 33255095 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The regenerated silk fibroin (RSF)-based microfluidic device has attracted tremendous interests in recent years due to its excellent biocompatibility, mild processing conditions, and all aqueous casting production. However, the need of a micro-fabricated mold in the manufacture process greatly hinder its practical applications. Herein, we introduce an adhesive tape-assisted etching method with LiBr solution as the etchant to prepare RSF microfluidic devices. An engraved adhesive tape is used as the mask to cover on the surface of a RSF film. Then, LiBr solution is dropped on the mask to etch RSF in concentration- and duration-dependent manners. During this process, the LiBr-treated RSF transits from insoluble β-sheet crystallites to soluble conformations. The as-prepared RSF microfluidic devices possess good chemical resistance and excellent tolerance to mechanical deformation. RSF microfluidic systems with different patterns were fabricated to demonstrate the universality of the approach. A concentration gradient generator and a blood vessel-like channel were manufactured for the preparation of solutions with gradient pHs and the growth of living cells, respectively. The proposed strategy has great potentials in the facile fabrication of low-cost RSF microfluidic devices for tissue engineering and biomedical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobai Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Linxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Zhisong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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22
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Tang Q, Li X, Lai C, Li L, Wu H, Wang Y, Shi X. Fabrication of a hydroxyapatite-PDMS microfluidic chip for bone-related cell culture and drug screening. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:169-178. [PMID: 32913926 PMCID: PMC7453124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is an important part of the human body structure and plays a vital role in human health. A microfluidic chip that can simulate the structure and function of bone will provide a platform for bone-related biomedical research. Hydroxyapatite (HA), a bioactive ceramic material, has a similar structure and composition to bone mineralization products. In this study, we used HA as a microfluidic chip component to provide a highly bionic bone environment. HA substrates with different microchannel structures were printed by using ceramic stereolithography (SLA) technology, and the minimum trench width was 50 μm. The HA substrate with microchannels was sealed by a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer to make a HA-PDMS microfluidic chip. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that compared with PDMS, HA was more conducive to the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the human foetal osteoblast cell line (hFOB). In addition, the concentration gradient of the model drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was successfully generated on a Christmas tree structure HA-PDMS chip, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DOX was determined. The findings of this study indicate that the HA-PDMS microfluidic chip has great potential in the field of high-throughput bone-related drug screening and bone-related research. 3D printing of the hydroxyapatite (HA) substrate with microchannel networks. Fabrication of HA-PDMS microfluidic chips. (3) Provided a new microfluidic platform for studying bone and bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chen Lai
- Peking University Shenzhen Institute, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Peking University Shenzhen Institute, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, 510005, Guangzhou, PR China
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23
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Rismanian M, Saidi MS, Kashaninejad N. A microfluidic concentration gradient generator for simultaneous delivery of two reagents on a millimeter-sized sample. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Boobphahom S, Nguyet Ly M, Soum V, Pyun N, Kwon OS, Rodthongkum N, Shin K. Recent Advances in Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices toward High-Throughput Screening. Molecules 2020; 25:E2970. [PMID: 32605281 PMCID: PMC7412548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) have become promising tools offering various analytical applications for chemical and biological assays at the point-of-care (POC). Compared to traditional microfluidic devices, µPADs offer notable advantages; they are cost-effective, easily fabricated, disposable, and portable. Because of our better understanding and advanced engineering of µPADs, multistep assays, high detection sensitivity, and rapid result readout have become possible, and recently developed µPADs have gained extensive interest in parallel analyses to detect biomarkers of interest. In this review, we focus on recent developments in order to achieve µPADs with high-throughput capability. We discuss existing fabrication techniques and designs, and we introduce and discuss current detection methods and their applications to multiplexed detection assays in relation to clinical diagnosis, drug analysis and screening, environmental monitoring, and food and beverage quality control. A summary with future perspectives for µPADs is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraprapa Boobphahom
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Mai Nguyet Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (M.N.L.); (V.S.); (N.P.); (O.-S.K.)
| | - Veasna Soum
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (M.N.L.); (V.S.); (N.P.); (O.-S.K.)
| | - Nayoon Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (M.N.L.); (V.S.); (N.P.); (O.-S.K.)
| | - Oh-Sun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (M.N.L.); (V.S.); (N.P.); (O.-S.K.)
| | - Nadnudda Rodthongkum
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Kwanwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (M.N.L.); (V.S.); (N.P.); (O.-S.K.)
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26
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Agarwal T, Borrelli MR, Makvandi P, Ashrafizadeh M, Maiti TK. Paper-Based Cell Culture: Paving the Pathway for Liver Tissue Model Development on a Cellulose Paper Chip. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3956-3974. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Mimi R. Borrelli
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80078, Italy
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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27
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Emerging applications of paper-based analytical devices for drug analysis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1116:70-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Yang H, Hong SH, ZhG R, Wang Y. Surrogate-based optimization with adaptive sampling for microfluidic concentration gradient generator design. RSC Adv 2020; 10:13799-13814. [PMID: 35493014 PMCID: PMC9051574 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01586e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a surrogate-based optimization (SBO) method with adaptive sampling for designing microfluidic concentration gradient generators (μCGGs) to meet prescribed concentration gradients (CGs). An efficient physics-based component model (PBCM) is used to generate data for Kriging-based surrogate model construction. In a comparative analysis, various combinations of regression and correlation models in Kriging, and different adaptive sampling (infill) techniques are inspected to enhance model accuracy and optimization efficiency. The results show that the first-order polynomial regression and the Gaussian correlation models together form the most accurate model, and the lower bound (LB) infill strategy in general allows the most efficient global optimum search. The CGs generated by optimum designs match very well with prescribed CGs, and the discrepancy is less than 12% even with an inherent limitation of the μCGG. It is also found that SBO with adaptive sampling enables much more efficient and accurate design than random sampling-based surrogate modeling and optimization, and is more robust than the gradient-based optimization for searching the global optimum. Surrogate-based optimization (SBO) with adaptive sampling method is established for microfluidic concentration gradient generators (μCGGs) design.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Seong Hyeon Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Rei ZhG
- Department of Traffic Information and Control Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
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Mao K, Min X, Zhang H, Zhang K, Cao H, Guo Y, Yang Z. Paper-based microfluidics for rapid diagnostics and drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 322:187-199. [PMID: 32169536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Paper is a common material that is promising for constructing microfluidic chips (lab-on-a-paper) for diagnostics and drug delivery for biomedical applications. In the past decade, extensive research on paper-based microfluidics has accumulated a large number of scientific publications in the fields of biomedical diagnosis, food safety, environmental health, drug screening and delivery. This review focuses on the recent progress on paper-based microfluidic technology with an emphasis on the design, optimization and application of the technology platform, in particular for medical diagnostics and drug delivery. Novel advances have concentrated on engineering paper devices for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, which could be integrated with nucleic acid-based tests and isothermal amplification experiments, enabling rapid sample-to-answer assays for field testing. Among the isothermal amplification experiments, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), an extremely sensitive nucleic acid test, specifically identifies ultralow concentrations of DNA/RNA from practical samples for diagnosing diseases. We thus mainly focus on the paper device-based LAMP assay for the rapid infectious disease diagnosis, foodborne pathogen analysis, veterinary diagnosis, plant diagnosis, and environmental public health evaluation. We also outlined progress on paper microfluidic devices for drug delivery. The paper concludes with a discussion on the challenges of this technology and our insights into how to advance science and technology towards the development of fully functional paper devices in diagnostics and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Xiaocui Min
- Guangzhou Huali Science and Technology Vocational College, Guangzhou 511325, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Kuankuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Haorui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Yongkun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom.
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Liu P, Li B, Fu L, Huang Y, Man M, Qi J, Sun X, Kang Q, Shen D, Chen L. Hybrid Three Dimensionally Printed Paper-Based Microfluidic Platform for Investigating a Cell's Apoptosis and Intracellular Cross-Talk. ACS Sens 2020; 5:464-473. [PMID: 32013403 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we first proposed a novel hybrid three-dimensional (3D) printed and paper-based microfluidic platform and applied it for investigating the cell's apoptosis and intracellular cross-talk. The fabrication of a 3D-printed microfluidic chip is much easier than polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip and can be applied in many common labs without soft lithogrophy fabrication equipment. Moreover, 3D printing can be perfectly combined with paper-based chips that can provide 3D scaffold for cell culture and analysis. In addition, these paper chips are disposable after use, greatly reducing the experimental cost. We integrated "Christmas Tree" structure with the top layer of the 3D-printed microfluidic chip to generate a continuous concentration gradient, and the bottom layer contained paper-based chips as cell culture area. The two-layer structure allows the concentration gradient forming layer to be separated from the cell culture layer, which can simplify the planting of cells in the microfluidic chip and make sure the cells stay in the culture chambers and don't clog the microfluidic channels. Applying this hybrid platform, we examined the effect of H2S on cancer cells. Continuous exposure to a low concentration of H2S inhibited cancer cell SMMC-7721 proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis. We also found that two gaseous molecules H2S and NO have cross-talk in cancer cells; they formed bioactive intermediate polysulfides in cancer cells. It is expected that this novel hybrid 3D-printed and paper-based microfluidic platform will have widespread application prospects in cell investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Bowei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Longwen Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Mingsan Man
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Ji Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiyan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qi Kang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dazhong Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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31
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A tool for designing tree-like concentration gradient generators for lab-on-a-chip applications. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Liu Y, Shangguan JW, Xu BY, Yu XD, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Abnormal Liquid Chasing Effect in Paper Capillary Enables Versatile Gradient Generation on Microfluidic Paper Analytical Devices. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2722-2730. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin-Wen Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bi-Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Xiao-Dong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Microfluidic-Based Approaches for Foodborne Pathogen Detection. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100381. [PMID: 31547520 PMCID: PMC6843441 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety is of obvious importance, but there are frequent problems caused by foodborne pathogens that threaten the safety and health of human beings worldwide. Although the most classic method for detecting bacteria is the plate counting method, it takes almost three to seven days to get the bacterial results for the detection. Additionally, there are many existing technologies for accurate determination of pathogens, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), but they are not suitable for timely and rapid on-site detection due to time-consuming pretreatment, complex operations and false positive results. Therefore, an urgent goal remains to determine how to quickly and effectively prevent and control the occurrence of foodborne diseases that are harmful to humans. As an alternative, microfluidic devices with miniaturization, portability and low cost have been introduced for pathogen detection. In particular, the use of microfluidic technologies is a promising direction of research for this purpose. Herein, this article systematically reviews the use of microfluidic technology for the rapid and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens. First, microfluidic technology is introduced, including the basic concepts, background, and the pros and cons of different starting materials for specific applications. Next, the applications and problems of microfluidics for the detection of pathogens are discussed. The current status and different applications of microfluidic-based technologies to distinguish and identify foodborne pathogens are described in detail. Finally, future trends of microfluidics in food safety are discussed to provide the necessary foundation for future research efforts.
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Cramer SM, Larson TS, Lockett MR. Tissue Papers: Leveraging Paper-Based Microfluidics for the Next Generation of 3D Tissue Models. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10916-10926. [PMID: 31356054 PMCID: PMC7071790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based scaffolds support the three-dimensional culture of mammalian cells in tissue-like environments. These Tissue Papers, a name that highlights the use of materials obtained from (plant) tissue to generate newly functioning (human) tissue structures, are a promising analytical tool to quantify cellular responses in physiologically relevant extracellular gradients and coculture architectures. Here, we highlight current examples of Tissue Papers, commonly used methods of analysis, and current measurement challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Tyler S. Larson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew R. Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7295, United States
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36
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Li H, Garner T, Diaz F, Wong PK. A Multiwell Microfluidic Device for Analyzing and Screening Nonhormonal Contraceptive Agents. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901910. [PMID: 31162807 PMCID: PMC8996375 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Birth control and family planning play pivotal roles in the economic growth and reduction of maternal, infant, and child mortality. Current contraceptives, such as hormonal agents and intrauterine devices, target only a small subset of reproductive processes and can have serious side effects on the health of women. To develop novel contraceptive agents, a scalable microfluidic device is established for analyzing and screening the effects of potential contraceptive agents on the maturation of the cumulus-oocyte complex. The microfluidic device performs on-chip incubation for studying oocyte maturation and cumulus expansion and isolates the microwells by oil-water interfaces to avoid crosstalk between the wells. A filter membrane is incorporated in the device to simplify incubation, medium exchange, washing, and fluorescence staining of oocytes. Cumulus expansion can be monitored directly in the device and oocyte maturation can be examined after enzymatic removal of cumulus cells and on-chip fluorescence staining. The performance of the device is evaluated by studying the influence of three drugs known to block oocyte maturation and/or cumulus expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 517 CBEB Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tyler Garner
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 335 ASI Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Francisco Diaz
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 335 ASI Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 517 CBEB Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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38
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Tian C, Zhang X, Zhao G. Vitrification of stem cell-laden core-shell microfibers with unusually low concentrations of cryoprotective agents. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:889-900. [PMID: 30608077 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01231h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-laden alginate hydrogel microfibers are particularly useful for building and repairing complex tissues because they are long, thin, and flexible. Therefore, they have important application value in regenerative medicine and clinical treatments. Cryopreservation is indispensable in order to ensure their "off-the-shelf" ready availability. Ice-free vitrification is considered an ideal method to preserve stem cell constructs (from cells to the overall ultrastructure of hydrogel). However, the vitrification process for preserving cell constructs requires highly toxic and cell membrane permeable cryoprotective agents (pCPA) and even requires the assistance of complex physical field based space warming technology. Therefore, a simple and feasible method is urgently needed. In addition, there are no reports about microfiber vitrification, as reports are limited to microcapsules. In this study, a novel device with nylon mesh for vitreous cryopreservation of hydrogel microfibers is developed to achieve ultra-rapid heat transfer by effectively suppressing film boiling during cooling. This may provide a low-toxic and cost-effective method for vitrification of cell-laden hydrogel microfibers with ultra-low concentrations of pCPA, facilitating their application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Tian
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
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39
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Fabrication of laser printed microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (LP-µPADs) for point-of-care applications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7896. [PMID: 31133720 PMCID: PMC6536539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) have provided a breakthrough in portable and low-cost point-of-care diagnostics. Despite their significant scope, the complexity of fabrication and reliance on expensive and sophisticated tools, have limited their outreach and possibility of commercialization. Herein, we report for the first time, a facile method to fabricate µPADs using a commonly available laser printer which drastically reduces the cost and complexity of fabrication. Toner ink is used to pattern the µPADs by printing, without modifying any factory configuration of the laser printer. Hydrophobic barriers are created by heating the patterned paper which melts the toner ink, facilitating its wicking into the cross-section of the substrate. Further, we demonstrate the utilization of the fabricated device by performing two assays. The proposed technique provides a versatile platform for rapid prototyping of µPADs with significant prospect in both developed and resource constrained region.
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Mora MF, Garcia CD, Schaumburg F, Kler PA, Berli CLA, Hashimoto M, Carrilho E. Patterning and Modeling Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Devices Fabricated on a Single Sheet of Paper. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8298-8303. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Mora
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | | | - Pablo A. Kler
- CIMEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Michinao Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Electrospin-Coating of Paper: A Natural Extracellular Matrix Inspired Design of Scaffold. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040650. [PMID: 30970647 PMCID: PMC6523310 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper has recently found widespread applications in biomedical fields, especially as an alternative scaffolding material for cell cultures, owing to properties such as its fibrous nature, porosity and flexibility. However, paper on its own is not an optimal material for cell cultures as it lacks adhesion moieties specific to mammalian cells, and modifications such as hydrogel integration and chemical vapor deposition are necessary to make it a favorable scaffolding material. The present study focuses on modification of filter paper through electrospin-coating and dip-coating with polycaprolactone (PCL), a promising biomaterial in tissue engineering. Morphological analysis, evaluation of cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and live/dead assays were conducted to study the potential of the modified paper-based scaffold. The results were compared to filter paper (FP) and electrospun PCL (ES-PCL) as reference samples. The results indicate that electrospin-coating paper is a simple and efficient way of modifying FP. It not only improves the morphology of the deposited electrospun layer through reduction of the fiber diameter by nearly 75%, but also greatly reduces the scaffold fabrication time compared to ES-PCL. The biochemical assays (Resazurin and ALP) indicate that electrospin-coated filter paper (ES-PCL/FP) provides significantly higher readings compared to all other groups. The live/dead results also show improved cell-distribution and cell-scaffold attachment all over the ES-PCL/FP.
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Park J, Roh H, Park JK. Finger-Actuated Microfluidic Concentration Gradient Generator Compatible with a Microplate. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10030174. [PMID: 30832320 PMCID: PMC6471275 DOI: 10.3390/mi10030174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The generation of concentration gradients is an essential part of a wide range of laboratory settings. However, the task usually requires tedious and repetitive steps and it is difficult to generate concentration gradients at once. Here, we present a microfluidic device that easily generates a concentration gradient by means of push-button actuated pumping units. The device is designed to generate six concentrations with a linear gradient between two different sample solutions. The microfluidic concentration gradient generator we report here does not require external pumps because changes in the pressure of the fluidic channel induced by finger actuation generate a constant volume of fluid, and the design of the generator is compatible with the commonly used 96-well microplate. Generation of a concentration gradient by the finger-actuated microfluidic device was consistent with that of the manual pipetting method. In addition, the amount of fluid dispensed from each outlet was constant when the button was pressed, and the volume of fluid increased linearly with respect to the number of pushing times. Coefficient of variation (CV) was between 0.796% and 13.539%, and the error was between 0.111% and 19.147%. The design of the microfluidic network, as well as the amount of fluid dispensed from each outlet at a single finger actuation, can be adjusted to the user’s demand. To prove the applicability of the concentration gradient generator, an enzyme assay was performed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and para-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP). We generated a linear concentration gradient of the pNPP substrate, and the enzyme kinetics of ALP was studied by examining the initial reaction rate between ALP and pNPP. Then, a Hanes–Woolf plot of the various concentration of ALP was drawn and the Vmax and Km value were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhwan Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hyewon Roh
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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Pupinyo N, Chatatikun M, Chiabchalard A, Laiwattanapaisal W. In situ paper-based 3D cell culture for rapid screening of the anti-melanogenic activity. Analyst 2019; 144:290-298. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01725e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, paper has gained traction in the biotechnology research field due to its ability to be a substrate for 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naricha Pupinyo
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Department of Clinical Chemistry
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
| | - Moragot Chatatikun
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Department of Clinical Chemistry
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
| | - Anchalee Chiabchalard
- Department of Clinical Chemistry
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok
- Thailand
| | - Wanida Laiwattanapaisal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok
- Thailand
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44
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Flow rate independent gradient generator and application in microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1044:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
This paper focuses on one of the most commonly encountered materials in our society, namely paper. Paper is an inherently complex material, yet its use provides for chemical analysis approaches that are elegant in their simplicity of execution. In the first half of the previous century, paper in scientific research was used mainly for filtration and chromatographic separation. While its use decreased with the rise of modern elution chromatography, paper remains a versatile substrate for low-cost analytical tests. Recently, we have seen renewed interest to work with paper in (bio)analytical science, a result of the growing demand for inexpensive, portable analysis. Dried blood spotting, paper microfluidics, and paper spray ionization are areas in which paper is (re)establishing itself as an important material. These research areas all exploit several properties of paper, including stable sample storage, passive fluid movement and manipulation, chromatographic separation/extraction, modifiable surface and/or volume, easily altered shape, easy transport, and low cost. We propose that the real, and to date underexploited, potential of paper lies in utilizing its combined characteristics to add new dimensions to paper-based (bio)chemical analysis, expanding its applicability. This article provides the reader with a short historical perspective on the scientific use of paper and the developments that led to the establishment of the aforementioned research areas. We review important characteristics of paper and place them in a scientific context in this descriptive, yet critical, assessment of the achieved and the achievable in paper-based analysis. The ultimate goal is the exploration of integrative approaches at the interface between the different fields in which paper is or can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ij Salentijn
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Wageningen University and Research , Stippeneng 4 , 6708 WE Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - M Grajewski
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - E Verpoorte
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
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Michael IJ, Kumar S, Oh JM, Kim D, Kim J, Cho YK. Surface-Engineered Paper Hanging Drop Chip for 3D Spheroid Culture and Analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33839-33846. [PMID: 30192134 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein corona coated onto the hydrophilic cellulose fiber turns into hydrophobic upon UV irradiation without hindering the porosity of the paper while simultaneously reducing nonspecific adsorption. Taking advantage of the biofouling-resistant, hydrophobic, and fluid transport through property, we demonstrated hanging drop three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture and in-site analysis, including drug testing, time-dependent detection of secreted protein, and fluorescence staining without disturbing the spheroids. This single hanging drop system can also be extended to a networked hanging drop chip to mimic in vivo microphysiology by combining with wax-patterned microfluidic channels, where well-to-well interaction can be accurately controlled in a passive manner. As a proof of concept, the effects of a concentration gradient of nutrient and variable dosage of anticancer drugs were studied in the 3D spheroids cultured on paper. The experimental results suggested that a complex network device could be fabricated on a large scale on demand at a minimal cost for 3D spheroid culture. Our method demonstrates a future possibility for paper as a low cost, high-throughput 3D spheroid-based "body-on-a-chip" platform material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issac J Michael
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyoung Kim
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
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47
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Design keys for paper-based concentration gradient generators. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1561:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Kenney RM, Lloyd CC, Whitman NA, Lockett MR. 3D cellular invasion platforms: how do paper-based cultures stack up? Chem Commun (Camb) 2018. [PMID: 28621775 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02357j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular invasion is the gateway to metastasis, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Invasion is driven by a number of chemical and mechanical stresses that arise in the tumor microenvironment. In vitro assays are needed for the systematic study of cancer progress. To be truly predictive, these assays must generate tissue-like environments that can be experimentally controlled and manipulated. While two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures are easily assembled and evaluated, they lack the extracellular components needed to assess invasion. Three-dimensional (3D) cultures are better suited for invasion studies because they generate cellular phenotypes that are more representative of those found in vivo. This feature article provides an overview of four invasion platforms. We focus on paper-based cultures, an emerging 3D culture platform capable of generating tissue-like structures and quantifying cellular invasion. Paper-based cultures are as easily assembled and analyzed as monolayers, but provide an experimentally powerful platform capable of supporting: co-cultures and representative extracellular environments; experimentally controlled gradients; readouts capable of quantifying, discerning, and separating cells based on their invasiveness. With a series of examples we highlight the potential of paper-based cultures, and discuss how they stack up against other invasion platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Kenney
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
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Urteaga R, Elizalde E, Berli CLA. Transverse solute dispersion in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). Analyst 2018; 143:2259-2266. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Key rules for the design of analytical operations based on the transverse solute dispersion in paper are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Urteaga
- IFIS-Litoral (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET)
- Santa Fe
- Argentina
| | - Emanuel Elizalde
- IFIS-Litoral (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET)
- Santa Fe
- Argentina
| | - Claudio L. A. Berli
- INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET)
- Predio CCT-CONICET
- Santa Fe
- Argentina
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50
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Laser carved micro-crack channels in paper-based dilution devices. Talanta 2017; 175:289-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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