Biosensors; noninvasive method in detection of C-reactive protein (CRP)

Validation and verification framework and data integration of biosensors and in vitro diagnostic devices: a position statement of the IFCC Committee on Mobile Health and Bioengineering in Laboratory Medicine (C-MBHLM) and the IFCC Scientific Division

Advances in technology have transformed healthcare and laboratory medicine. Biosensors have emerged as a promising technology in healthcare, providing a way to monitor human physiological parameters in a continuous, real-time, and non-intrusive manner and offering value and benefits in a wide range of applications. This position statement aims to present the current situation around biosensors, their perspectives and importantly the need to set the framework for their validation and safe use. The development of a qualification framework for biosensors should be conceptually adopted and extended to cover digitally measured biomarkers from biosensors for advancing healthcare and achieving more individualized patient management and better patient outcome.

Biosensors; nanomaterial-based methods in diagnosing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) before the progression of pulmonary infection can be very effective in its early treatment. The Mtb grows so slowly that it takes about 6-8 weeks to be diagnosed even using sensitive cell culture methods. The main opponent in tuberculosis (TB) and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) epidemiology, like in all contagious diseases, is to pinpoint the source of infection and reveal its transmission and dispersion ways in the environment. It is crucial to be able to distinguish and monitor specific mycobacterium strains in order to do this. In food analysis, clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and bioprocess, biosensing technologies have been improved to manage and detect Mtb. Biosensors are progressively being considered pioneering tools for point-of-care diagnostics in Mtb discoveries. In this review, we present an epitome of recent developments of biosensing technologies for M. tuberculosis detection, which are categorized on the basis of types of electrochemical, Fluorescent, Photo-thermal, Lateral Flow, Magneto-resistive, Laser, Plasmonic, and Optic biosensors.

Nanobiosensors for procalcitonin (PCT) analysis

BACKGROUND

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a critical biomarker that is released in response to bacterial infections and can be used to differentiate the pathogenesis of the infectious process.

OBJECTIVE

In this article, we provide an overview of recent advances in PCT biosensors, highlighting different approaches for biosensor construction, different immobilization methods, advantages and roles of different matrices used, analytical performance, and PCT biosensor construction. Also, we will explain PCT biosensors sensible limits of detection (LOD), linearity, and other analytical characteristics. Future prospects for the development of better PCT biosensor systems are also discussed.

METHODS

Traditional methods such as capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry are effective in analyzing PCT in the medical field, but they are complicated, time-consuming sample preparation, and require expensive equipment and skilled personnel.

RESULTS

In the past decades, PCT biosensors have emerged as simple, fast, and sensitive tools for PCT analysis in various fields, especially medical fields.

CONCLUSION

These biosensors have the potential to accompany or replace traditional analytical methods by simplifying or reducing sample preparation and making field testing easier and faster, while significantly reducing the cost per analysis.

Improving Sensitivity and Reproducibility of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Biochips Utilizing Magnetoplasmonic Nanoparticles and Statistical Methods

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology has been widely recognized for its remarkable sensitivity in biochip development. This study presents a novel sandwich immunoassay that synergizes SERS with magnetoplasmonic nanoparticles (MPNs) to improve sensitivity. By taking advantage of the unique magnetism of these nanoparticles, we further enhance the detection sensitivity of SERS biochips through the applied magnetic field. Despite the high sensitivity, practical applications of SERS biochips are often limited by the issues of stability and reproducibility. In this study, we introduced a straightforward statistical method known as "Gaussian binning", which involves initially binning the two-dimensional Raman mapping data and subsequently applying Gaussian fitting. This approach enables a more consistent and reliable interpretation of data by reducing the variability inherent in Raman signal measurements. Based on our method, the biochip, targeting for C-reactive protein (CRP), achieves an impressive detection limit of 5.96 fg/mL, and with the application of a 3700 G magnetic field, it further enhances the detection limit by 5.7 times, reaching 1.05 fg/mL. Furthermore, this highly sensitive and magnetically tunable SERS biochip is easily designed for versatile adaptability, enabling the detection of other proteins. We believe that this innovation holds promise in enhancing the clinical applicability of SERS biochips.

Nanosensors in the detection of antihypertension drugs, a golden step for medication adherence monitoring

Hypertension is associated with structural and functional changes in blood vessels with increased arteriosclerosis, vascular inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Decreased adherence (compliance) to antihypertensive medications contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. Antihypertensive drugs (AHTDs) and lifestyle changes are the main cornerstones for treating hypertension. Several approaches have been described in the literature for determining AHTDs based on different analytical techniques. Amongst biosensors are one of the most attractive tools due to their inherent advantages. Biosensors are used for the detection of wide range of biomarkers as well as different drugs in past two decades. The main focus of the present study is to review the latest biosensors developed for the detection of AHTDs. Readers of the present study will be able to familiarize themselves with biosensors as advanced and modern diagnostic tools while reviewing the most widely used AHTDs. In the present study, the routine methods are first reviewed and while examining their advantages and disadvantages, biosensors have been introduced as ideal alternative tools.