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Yu M, Gao X, Niu X, Zhang M, Yang Z, Han S, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Meta-analysis of structural and functional alterations of brain in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1070142. [PMID: 36683981 PMCID: PMC9853532 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1070142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large and growing body of neuroimaging research has concentrated on patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but with inconsistent conclusions. This article was intended to investigate the common and certain neural alterations in the structure and function of the brain in patients with ADHD and further explore the differences in brain alterations between adults and children with ADHD. METHODS We conducted an extensive literature search of whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies associated with ADHD. Two separate meta-analyses with the seed-based d mapping software package for functional neural activation and gray matter volume (GMV) were carried out, followed by a joint analysis and a subgroup analysis. RESULTS This analysis included 29 VBM studies and 36 fMRI studies. Structurally, VBM analysis showed that the largest GMV diminutions in patients with ADHD were in several frontal-parietal brain regions, the limbic system, and the corpus callosum. Functionally, fMRI analysis discovered significant hypoactivation in several frontal-temporal brain regions, the right postcentral gyrus, the left insula, and the corpus callosum. CONCLUSION This study showed that abnormal alterations in the structure and function of the left superior frontal gyrus and the corpus callosum may be the key brain regions involved in the pathogenesis of ADHD in patients and may be employed as an imaging metric for patients with ADHD pending future research. In addition, this meta-analysis discovered neuroanatomical or functional abnormalities in other brain regions in patients with ADHD as well as findings that can be utilized to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Gallos IK, Mantonakis L, Spilioti E, Kattoulas E, Savvidou E, Anyfandi E, Karavasilis E, Kelekis N, Smyrnis N, Siettos CI. The relation of integrated psychological therapy to resting state functional brain connectivity networks in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2021; 306:114270. [PMID: 34775295 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Functional brain dysconnectivity measured with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) has been linked to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. This study investigated the effects on functional brain connectivity of Integrated Psychological Therapy (IPT), a cognitive behavioral oriented group intervention program, in 31 patients with schizophrenia. Patients received IPT or an equal intensity non-specific psychological treatment in a non-randomized design. Evidence of improvement in executive and social functions, psychopathology and overall level of functioning was observed after treatment completion at six months only in the IPT treatment group and was partially sustained at one-year follow up. Independent Component Analysis and Isometric Mapping (ISOMAP), a non-linear manifold learning algorithm, were used to construct functional connectivity networks from the rsfMRI data. Functional brain dysconnectivity was observed in patients compared to a group of 17 healthy controls, both globally and specifically including the default mode (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN). DMN and FPN connectivity were reversed towards healthy control patterns only in the IPT treatment group and these effects were sustained at follow up for DMN but not FPN. These data suggest the use of rsfMRI as a biomarker for accessing and monitoring the therapeutic effects of cognitive remediation therapy in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Gallos
- School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - L Mantonakis
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece; First Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - E Spilioti
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece; First Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - E Kattoulas
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece
| | - E Savvidou
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece
| | - E Anyfandi
- First Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - E Karavasilis
- Second Department of Radiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece
| | - N Kelekis
- Second Department of Radiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece
| | - N Smyrnis
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece; Second Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece.
| | - C I Siettos
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni "Renato Caccioppoli", Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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3
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de Oliveira Rosa V, Rosa Franco A, Abrahão Salum Júnior G, Moreira-Maia CR, Wagner F, Simioni A, de Fraga Bassotto C, R Moritz G, Schaffer Aguzzoli C, Buchweitz A, Schmitz M, Rubia K, Paim Rohde LA. Effects of computerized cognitive training as add-on treatment to stimulants in ADHD: a pilot fMRI study. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1933-1944. [PMID: 31218531 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The neurofunctional effects of Cognitive training (CT) are poorly understood. Our main objective was to assess fMRI brain activation patterns in children with ADHD who received CT as an add-on treatment to stimulant medication. We included twenty children with ADHD from a clinical trial of stimulant medication and CT (10 in medication + CT and 10 in medication + non-active training). Between-group differences were assessed in performance and in brain activation during 3 fMRI paradigms of working memory (N-back: 0-back, 1-back, 2-back, 3-back), sustained attention (Sustained Attention Task - SAT: 2 s, 5 s and 8 s delays) and inhibitory control (Go/No-Go). We found significant group x time x condition interactions in working memory (WM) and sustained attention on brain activation. In N-back, decreases were observed in the BOLD signal change from baseline to endpoint with increasing WM load in the right insula, right putamen, left thalamus and left pallidum in the CT compared to the non-active group; in SAT - increases in the BOLD signal change from baseline to endpoint with increasing delays were observed in bilateral precuneus, right insula, bilateral associative visual cortex and angular gyrus, right middle temporal, precentral, postcentral, superior frontal and middle frontal gyri in the CT compared to the non-active group. CT in ADHD was associated with changes in activation in task-relevant parietal and striato-limbic regions of sustained attention and working memory. Changes in brain activity may precede behavioral performance modifications in working memory and sustained attention, but not in inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia de Oliveira Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Rosa Franco
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum Júnior
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Moreira-Maia
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Flávia Wagner
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil
| | - André Simioni
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Caroline de Fraga Bassotto
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Guilherme R Moritz
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil
| | | | - Augusto Buchweitz
- BraIns, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Schmitz
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Katya Rubia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luis Augusto Paim Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Serviço de Psiquiatria. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-903, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Luckhardt C, Schütz M, Mühlherr A, Mössinger H, Boxhoorn S, Dempfle A, Salvador R, Ruffini G, Pereira HC, Castelo-Branco M, Latinus M, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Siemann J, Siniatchkin M, Ecker C, Freitag CM. Phase-IIa randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, parallel group trial on anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left and right tempo-parietal junction in autism spectrum disorder-StimAT: study protocol for a clinical trial. Trials 2021; 22:248. [PMID: 33823927 PMCID: PMC8025356 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social communication and interaction, and stereotyped, repetitive behaviour and sensory interests. To date, there is no effective medication that can improve social communication and interaction in ASD, and effect sizes of behaviour-based psychotherapy remain in the low to medium range. Consequently, there is a clear need for new treatment options. ASD is associated with altered activation and connectivity patterns in brain areas which process social information. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that applies a weak electrical current to the brain in order to modulate neural excitability and alter connectivity. Combined with specific cognitive tasks, it allows to facilitate and consolidate the respective training effects. Therefore, application of tDCS in brain areas relevant to social cognition in combination with a specific cognitive training is a promising treatment approach for ASD. Methods A phase-IIa pilot randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, parallel-group clinical study is presented, which aims at investigating if 10 days of 20-min multi-channel tDCS stimulation of the bilateral tempo-parietal junction (TPJ) at 2.0 mA in combination with a computer-based cognitive training on perspective taking, intention and emotion understanding, can improve social cognitive abilities in children and adolescents with ASD. The main objectives are to describe the change in parent-rated social responsiveness from baseline (within 1 week before first stimulation) to post-intervention (within 7 days after last stimulation) and to monitor safety and tolerability of the intervention. Secondary objectives include the evaluation of change in parent-rated social responsiveness at follow-up (4 weeks after end of intervention), change in other ASD core symptoms and psychopathology, social cognitive abilities and neural functioning post-intervention and at follow-up in order to explore underlying neural and cognitive mechanisms. Discussion If shown, positive results regarding change in parent-rated social cognition and favourable safety and tolerability of the intervention will confirm tDCS as a promising treatment for ASD core-symptoms. This may be a first step in establishing a new and cost-efficient intervention for individuals with ASD. Trial registration The trial is registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), DRKS00014732. Registered on 15 August 2018. Protocol version This study protocol refers to protocol version 1.2 from 24 May 2019. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05172-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Luckhardt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstr.50, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Magdalena Schütz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstr.50, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Mühlherr
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstr.50, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hannah Mössinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstr.50, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sara Boxhoorn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstr.50, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics (IMIS), Kiel University, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ricardo Salvador
- Neuroelectrics SLU, Av. Tibidabo 47 Bis, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulio Ruffini
- Neuroelectrics SLU, Av. Tibidabo 47 Bis, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena C Pereira
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), ICNAS, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Clinical Centre, University of Coimbra (UC), Paco das Escolas, 3001 451, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), ICNAS, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Clinical Centre, University of Coimbra (UC), Paco das Escolas, 3001 451, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marianne Latinus
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Centre de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 bd Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédérique Bonnet-Brilhault
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Centre de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 bd Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex 9, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours (CHUT), Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, UMR930 INSERM / Equipe autism, CHRU Tours / Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 Bd Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex 9, France
| | - Julia Siemann
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Protestant Hospital Bethel, EvKB, Remterweg 13a, 33617, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Siniatchkin
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Protestant Hospital Bethel, EvKB, Remterweg 13a, 33617, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christine Ecker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstr.50, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstr.50, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
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5
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Tymofiyeva O, Gaschler R. Training-Induced Neural Plasticity in Youth: A Systematic Review of Structural and Functional MRI Studies. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:497245. [PMID: 33536885 PMCID: PMC7848153 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.497245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Experience-dependent neural plasticity is high in the developing brain, presenting a unique window of opportunity for training. To optimize existing training programs and develop new interventions, it is important to understand what processes take place in the developing brain during training. Here, we systematically review MRI-based evidence of training-induced neural plasticity in children and adolescents. A total of 71 articles were included in the review. Significant changes in brain activation, structure, microstructure, and structural and functional connectivity were reported with different types of trainings in the majority (87%) of the studies. Significant correlation of performance improvement with neural changes was reported in 51% of the studies. Yet, only 48% of the studies had a control condition. Overall, the review supports the hypothesized neural changes with training while at the same time charting empirical and methodological desiderata for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tymofiyeva
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Robert Gaschler
- Department of Psychology, University of Hagen, Hagen, Germany
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6
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Gao X, Zhang M, Yang Z, Wen M, Huang H, Zheng R, Wang W, Wei Y, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y. Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities in Internet Gaming Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comparative Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:679437. [PMID: 34276447 PMCID: PMC8281314 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.679437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high comorbidity but it is still unknown whether these disorders have shared and distinctive neuroimage alterations. Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify shared and disorder-specific structural, functional, and multimodal abnormalities between IGD and ADHD. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies comparing people with IGD or ADHD with healthy controls. Regional gray matter volume (GMV) and fMRI differences were compared over the patient groups and then a quantitative comparison was performed to find abnormalities (relative to controls) between IGD and ADHD using seed-based d mapping meta-analytic methods. Result: The meta-analysis contained 14 IGD VBM studies (contrasts covering 333 IGDs and 335 HCs), 26 ADHD VBM studies (1,051 patients with ADHD and 887 controls), 30 IGD fMRI studies (603 patients with IGD and 564 controls), and 29 ADHD fMRI studies (878 patients with ADHD and 803 controls). Structurally, VBM analysis showed disorder-specific GMV abnormality in the putamen among IGD subjects and orbitofrontal cortex in ADHD and shared GMV in the prefrontal cortex. Functionally, fMRI analysis discovered that IGD-differentiating increased activation in the precuneus and shared abnormal activation in anterior cingulate cortex, insular, and striatum. Conclusion: IGD and ADHD have shared and special structural and functional alterations. IGD has disorder-differentiating structural alterations in the putamen and ADHD has alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex. Disorder-differentiating fMRI activations were predominantly observed in the precuneus among IGD subjects and shared impairing function connection was in the rewards circuit (including ACC, OFC, and striatum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Wen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Huang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiping Zheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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7
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Lukito S, Norman L, Carlisi C, Radua J, Hart H, Simonoff E, Rubia K. Comparative meta-analyses of brain structural and functional abnormalities during cognitive control in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Psychol Med 2020; 50:894-919. [PMID: 32216846 PMCID: PMC7212063 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have abnormalities in frontal, temporal, parietal and striato-thalamic networks. It is unclear to what extent these abnormalities are distinctive or shared. This comparative meta-analysis aimed to identify the most consistent disorder-differentiating and shared structural and functional abnormalities. METHODS Systematic literature search was conducted for whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of cognitive control comparing people with ASD or ADHD with typically developing controls. Regional gray matter volume (GMV) and fMRI abnormalities during cognitive control were compared in the overall sample and in age-, sex- and IQ-matched subgroups with seed-based d mapping meta-analytic methods. RESULTS Eighty-six independent VBM (1533 ADHD and 1295 controls; 1445 ASD and 1477 controls) and 60 fMRI datasets (1001 ADHD and 1004 controls; 335 ASD and 353 controls) were identified. The VBM meta-analyses revealed ADHD-differentiating decreased ventromedial orbitofrontal (z = 2.22, p < 0.0001) but ASD-differentiating increased bilateral temporal and right dorsolateral prefrontal GMV (zs ⩾ 1.64, ps ⩽ 0.002). The fMRI meta-analyses of cognitive control revealed ASD-differentiating medial prefrontal underactivation but overactivation in bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortices and precuneus (zs ⩾ 1.04, ps ⩽ 0.003). During motor response inhibition specifically, ADHD relative to ASD showed right inferior fronto-striatal underactivation (zs ⩾ 1.14, ps ⩽ 0.003) but shared right anterior insula underactivation. CONCLUSIONS People with ADHD and ASD have mostly distinct structural abnormalities, with enlarged fronto-temporal GMV in ASD and reduced orbitofrontal GMV in ADHD; and mostly distinct functional abnormalities, which were more pronounced in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Lukito
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luke Norman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- The Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina Carlisi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heledd Hart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emily Simonoff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Boon HJ. What do ADHD Neuroimaging Studies Reveal for Teachers, Teacher Educators and Inclusive Education? CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-019-09542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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McKenna R, Rushe T, Woodcock KA. Informing the Structure of Executive Function in Children: A Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Data. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:154. [PMID: 28439231 PMCID: PMC5383671 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of executive function (EF) has been the focus of much debate for decades. What is more, the complexity and diversity provided by the developmental period only adds to this contention. The development of executive function plays an integral part in the expression of children's behavioral, cognitive, social, and emotional capabilities. Understanding how these processes are constructed during development allows for effective measurement of EF in this population. This meta-analysis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the structure of executive function in children. A coordinate-based meta-analysis was conducted (using BrainMap GingerALE 2.3), which incorporated studies administering functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during inhibition, switching, and working memory updating tasks in typical children (aged 6-18 years). The neural activation common across all executive tasks was compared to that shared by tasks pertaining only to inhibition, switching or updating, which are commonly considered to be fundamental executive processes. Results support the existence of partially separable but partially overlapping inhibition, switching, and updating executive processes at a neural level, in children over 6 years. Further, the shared neural activation across all tasks (associated with a proposed "unitary" component of executive function) overlapped to different degrees with the activation associated with each individual executive process. These findings provide evidence to support the suggestion that one of the most influential structural models of executive functioning in adults can also be applied to children of this age. However, the findings also call for careful consideration and measurement of both specific executive processes, and unitary executive function in this population. Furthermore, a need is highlighted for a new systematic developmental model, which captures the integrative nature of executive function in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín McKenna
- School of Psychology, Queen's UniversityBelfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Kate A. Woodcock
- School of Psychology, Queen's UniversityBelfast, Northern Ireland
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10
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Sotnikova A, Soff C, Tagliazucchi E, Becker K, Siniatchkin M. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modulates Neuronal Networks in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Brain Topogr 2017; 30:656-672. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-017-0552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders with early onset, characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive and restricted interests and activities. A growing number of studies over the last 10 years support the efficacy of behaviorally based interventions in ASD for the improvement of social communication and behavioral functioning. In contrast, research on neurobiological based therapies for ASD is still at its beginnings. In this article, we will provide a selective overview of both well-established evidence-based treatments and novel interventions and drug treatments based on neurobiological principles aiming at improving core symptoms in ASD. Directions and options for future research on treatment in ASD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Poustka
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - I Kamp-Becker
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Transcranial direct current stimulation improves clinical symptoms in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 124:133-144. [PMID: 27853926 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the prefrontal cortex has repeatedly been shown to improve working memory. As patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by both underactivation of the prefrontal cortex and deficits in working memory that correlate with clinical symptoms, it is hypothesized that the modulation of prefrontal activity with tDCS in patients with ADHD increases performance in working memory and reduces symptoms of ADHD. To test this hypothesis, fifteen adolescents with ADHD (12-16 years old, three girls and 12 boys) were treated according to the randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled, crossover design with either 1 mA anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or with the sham protocol 5 days each with a 2 weeks pause between these conditions. Anodal tDCS caused a significant reduction in clinical symptoms of inattention and impulsivity in adolescents with ADHD compared to sham stimulation. The clinical effects were supported by a significant reduction in inattention and hyperactivity in a standardized working memory test (QbTest). The described effects were more pronounced 7 days after the end of stimulation, a fact which emphasizes the long-lasting clinical and neuropsychological changes after tDCS. This study provides the first evidence that tDCS may reduce symptoms of ADHD and improve neuropsychological functioning in adolescents and points on the potential of tDCS as a form of treatment for ADHD.
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Plessen KJ, Allen EA, Eichele H, van Wageningen H, Høvik MF, Sørensen L, Worren MK, Hugdahl K, Eichele T. Reduced error signalling in medication-naive children with ADHD: associations with behavioural variability and post-error adaptations. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016; 41:77-87. [PMID: 26441332 PMCID: PMC4764484 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation in brain regions that signal errors and their association with intraindividual behavioural variability and adaptation to errors in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS We acquired functional MRI data during a Flanker task in medication-naive children with ADHD and healthy controls aged 8-12 years and analyzed the data using independent component analysis. For components corresponding to performance monitoring networks, we compared activations across groups and conditions and correlated them with reaction times (RT). Additionally, we analyzed post-error adaptations in behaviour and motor component activations. RESULTS We included 25 children with ADHD and 29 controls in our analysis. Children with ADHD displayed reduced activation to errors in cingulo-opercular regions and higher RT variability, but no differences of interference control. Larger BOLD amplitude to error trials significantly predicted reduced RT variability across all participants. Neither group showed evidence of post-error response slowing; however, post-error adaptation in motor networks was significantly reduced in children with ADHD. This adaptation was inversely related to activation of the right-lateralized ventral attention network (VAN) on error trials and to task-driven connectivity between the cingulo-opercular system and the VAN. LIMITATIONS Our study was limited by the modest sample size and imperfect matching across groups. CONCLUSION Our findings show a deficit in cingulo-opercular activation in children with ADHD that could relate to reduced signalling for errors. Moreover, the reduced orienting of the VAN signal may mediate deficient post-error motor adaptions. Pinpointing general performance monitoring problems to specific brain regions and operations in error processing may help to guide the targets of future treatments for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin J. Plessen
- Correspondence to: K.J. Plessen, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services-Capital Region Psychiatry, Denmark, Lersø Parkallée 107, 2100 København Ø, Denmark;
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Nagashima M, Monden Y, Dan I, Dan H, Tsuzuki D, Mizutani T, Kyutoku Y, Gunji Y, Hirano D, Taniguchi T, Shimoizumi H, Momoi MY, Watanabe E, Yamagata T. Acute neuropharmacological effects of atomoxetine on inhibitory control in ADHD children: a fNIRS study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2014; 6:192-201. [PMID: 25379431 PMCID: PMC4215398 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The object of the current study is to explore the neural substrate for effects of atomoxetine (ATX) on inhibitory control in school-aged children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We monitored the oxy-hemoglobin signal changes of sixteen ADHD children (6–14 years old) performing a go/no-go task before and 1.5 h after ATX or placebo administration, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Sixteen age- and gender-matched normal controls without ATX administration were also monitored. In the control subjects, the go/no-go task recruited the right inferior and middle prefrontal gyri (IFG/MFG), and this activation was absent in pre-medicated ADHD children. The reduction of right IFG/MFG activation was acutely normalized after ATX administration but not placebo administration in ADHD children. These results are reminiscent of the neuropharmacological effects of methylphenidate to up-regulate reduced right IFG/MFG function in ADHD children during inhibitory tasks. As with methylphenidate, activation in the IFG/MFG could serve as an objective neuro-functional biomarker to indicate the effects of ATX on inhibitory control in ADHD children. This promising technique will enhance early clinical diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in children, especially in those with a hyperactivity/impulsivity phenotype. We assessed the effects of atomoxetine administration to ADHD children using fNIRS. Normal healthy control subjects recruited the right IFG/MFG during go/no-go tasks. Pre-medicated ADHD children exhibited reduced right IFG/MFG activation. The activation was acutely normalized by atomoxetine, but not by placebo. The right IFG/MFG activation may serve as an objective neuro-functional biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ippeita Dan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shimotsuke, Japan ; Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Haruka Dan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuzuki
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mizutani
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimotsuke, Japan ; Functional Brain Science Laboratory, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kyutoku
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yuji Gunji
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimotsuke, Japan ; Department of Pediatrics, International University of Health and Welfare, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hirano
- International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takamichi Taniguchi
- International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hideo Shimoizumi
- Rehabilitation Center, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Mariko Y Momoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimotsuke, Japan ; International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reviews neuroimaging studies that inform psychotherapy research. An introduction to neuroimaging methods is provided as background for the increasingly sophisticated breadth of methods and findings appearing in psychotherapy research. METHOD We compiled and assessed a comprehensive list of neuroimaging studies of psychotherapy outcome, along with selected examples of other types of studies that also are relevant to psychotherapy research. We emphasized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) since it is the dominant neuroimaging modality in psychological research. RESULTS We summarize findings from neuroimaging studies of psychotherapy outcome, including treatment for depression, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS The increasing use of neuroimaging methods in the study of psychotherapy continues to refine our understanding of both outcome and process. We suggest possible directions for future neuroimaging studies in psychotherapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol P Weingarten
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Duke University , Durham , NC , USA
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Right prefrontal activation as a neuro-functional biomarker for monitoring acute effects of methylphenidate in ADHD children: An fNIRS study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2012; 1:131-40. [PMID: 24179746 PMCID: PMC3757725 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
An objective biomarker is a compelling need for the early diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as for the monitoring of pharmacological treatment effectiveness. The advent of fNIRS, which is relatively robust to the body movements of ADHD children, raised the possibility of introducing functional neuroimaging diagnosis in younger ADHD children. Using fNIRS, we monitored the oxy-hemoglobin signal changes of 16 ADHD children (6 to 13 years old) performing a go/no-go task before and 1.5 h after MPH or placebo administration, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. 16 age- and gender-matched normal controls without MPH administration were also monitored. Relative to control subjects, unmedicated ADHD children exhibited reduced activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG) during go/no-go tasks. The reduced right IFG/MFG activation was acutely normalized after MPH administration, but not after placebo administration. The MPH-induced right IFG/MFG activation was significantly larger than the placebo-induced activation. Post-scan exclusion rate was 0% among 16 right-handed ADHD children with IQ > 70. We revealed that the right IFG/MFG activation could serve as a neuro-functional biomarker for monitoring the acute effects of methylphenidate in ADHD children. fNIRS-based examinations were applicable to ADHD children as young as 6 years old, and thus would contribute to early clinical diagnosis and treatment of ADHD children.
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Singh MK, Chang KD. The Neural Effects of Psychotropic Medications in Children and Adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2012; 21:753-71. [PMID: 23040900 PMCID: PMC3590023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the neurobiological effects of psychotropic medications used in the treatment of children and adolescents diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. This review provides a synopsis of the literature demonstrating the neural effects associated with exposure to psychotropic medication in youth using multimodal neuroimaging. The article concludes by illustrating how, taken together, these studies suggest that pharmacological interventions during childhood do indeed affect brain structure and function in a detectable manner, and the effects appear to be ameliorative.
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Sotnikova A, Steinmann E, Wendisch V, Müller GGV, Stephani U, Petermann F, Gerber WD, Siniatchkin M. Long-term Effects of a Multimodal Behavioural ADHD Training: a fMRI Study. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NEUROPSYCHOLOGIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1024/1016-264x/a000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that behavioural therapy oriented interventions exert a positive influence on the clinical course of the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the long-term effects of the behavioral treatment in ADHD, especially those on neuronal mechanisms underlying this disorder, have been studied insufficiently. Functional MRI (Go-NoGo paradigm) was carried out in 9 children with ADHD before and 1.5 years after a response cost and token-based training. In the follow-up, patients were still characterized by a significant increase in activation in the anterior cingulate and in the precentral gyrus compared with recordings done before the training. It seems likely that the behavioural training elicits stable neuronal changes in children with ADHD which correspond with an improvement of neuropsychological functioning and clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sotnikova
- Clinic for Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, Phillips-University of Marburg
| | - Elisabeth Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel
- Clinic for Neuropaediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel
| | - Vanessa Wendisch
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel
| | | | - Ulrich Stephani
- Clinic for Neuropaediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel
| | - Franz Petermann
- Center of Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen
| | | | - Michael Siniatchkin
- Clinic for Neuropaediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel
- Clinic for Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main
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