1
|
Heublein S, Egger M, Zhu J, Berger L, Mayr D, Schindlbeck C, Kuhn C, Hofmann SS, Schuetz F, Jeschke U, Ditsch N. Evaluation of the anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich antibodies Nemod-TF1 and Nemod-TF2 as prognostic markers in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 179:643-652. [PMID: 31828591 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The TF (Thomsen-Friedenreich, CD176, Galβ1-3GalNAc) carbohydrate moiety is known as a specific oncofetal carbohydrate epitope present in fetal and neoplastic tissue as well as in stem cells. TF was demonstrated to mediate tumor-promoting features and to be highly immunogenic. The current study aimed to evaluate whether presence of the TF antigen is associated with clinico-pathological parameters and prognosis of early breast cancer (BC). METHODS Primary BC tissue (n = 226) was stained for TF using two monoclonal anti-TF antibodies (Nemod-TF1, Nemod-TF2). Staining results were correlated to clinical data including survival. RESULTS Nemod-TF1 staining was positively correlated to lymph node metastasis (p = 0.03) and the presence of tumor-associated MUC1 (TA-MUC1; p = 0.003). Further, the presence of the Nemod-TF1 epitope predicted worse prognosis in TA-MUC1 positive (overall survival: p = 0.026) as well as in triple negative (overall survival: p = 0.002; distant metastasis-free survival: p = 0.012) BC. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here further support a role of TF in BC tumor biology. Whether anti-TF directed treatment approaches may gain clinical relevance in those cases determined as triple negative or TA-MUC1 positive remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heublein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Markus Egger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,St. Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Junyan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Berger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone S Hofmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Schuetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lou P, Li C, Shi L, Xia TS, Zhou W, Wu J, Zhou X, Li X, Wang Y, Wei JF, Ding Q. RNPC1 enhances progesterone receptor functions by regulating its mRNA stability in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16387-16400. [PMID: 27634883 PMCID: PMC5369970 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) could activate transcriptional process involved in normal mammary gland proliferation and breast cancer development. Moreover, PR expression is an important marker of luminal breast cancer, which is associated with good prognosis and indicates better responding to endocrine therapies. The regulation of PR expression was studied mainly on its post-translational levels. In this study, we found PR was positively regulated by RNA-binding region-containing protein 1 (RNPC1), a RNA-binding protein, in PR positive breast cancer. Overexpression of RNPC1 increased, whereas knockdown of RNPC1 decreased, the level of PR protein and transcripts. Additionally, we demonstrated that RNPC1 could bind to PR mRNA via AU-rich elements (AREs) within PR 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) and then enhance PR mRNA stability. Moreover, we proved that progesterone-dependent PR functions which could induce breast cancer proliferation were enhanced by RNPC1, both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusively, we revealed a novel mechanism by which PR could be regulated by RNPC1 via stabilizing its mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Lou
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Chunlian Li
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Tian-Song Xia
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Xujie Zhou
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li XX, Shi L, Zhou XJ, Wu J, Xia TS, Zhou WB, Sun X, Zhu L, Wei JF, Ding Q. The role of c-Myc-RBM38 loop in the growth suppression in breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:49. [PMID: 28399911 PMCID: PMC5387383 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background RNA-binding protein 38 (RBM38) is a member of the RNA recognition motif (RRM) family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). RBM38 often exerts its function by forming regulatory loops with relevant genes. c-Myc is an oncogenic transcription factor that is upregulated in one-third of breast cancers and involved in many cellular processes in this malignancy. In our previous study, RBM38 was identified as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the regulation of this tumor suppressor. Methods Lentivirus transfections, Western blotting analysis, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were employed to study the expression of c-Myc and RBM38. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the direct relationship between c-Myc protein and the RBM38 gene. RNA immunoprecipitation combined with dual-luciferase reporter assays was conducted to confirm the direct relationship between the RBM38 protein and the c-Myc transcript. Results Knockdown of c-Myc increased RBM38 expression by binding directly to specific DNA sequences (5′-CACGTG-3′), known as the E-box motif, in the promoter region of RBM38 gene. Additionally, RBM38 destabilized the c-Myc transcript by directly targeting AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of c-Myc mRNA to suppress c-Myc expression. Moreover, specific inhibitors of c-Myc transcriptional activity inhibited RBM38-induced suppression of growth, implying that RBM38 acts as a tumor suppressor via a mechanism that depends, at least partially, on the reduction of c-Myc expression in breast cancer. Conclusions RBM38 and c-Myc form a unique mutually antagonistic RBM38-c-Myc loop in breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0521-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Li
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tian-Song Xia
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhou
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Geiger P, Mayer B, Wiest I, Schulze S, Jeschke U, Weissenbacher T. Binding of galectin-1 to breast cancer cells MCF7 induces apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in vitro in a 2D- and 3D- cell culture model. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:870. [PMID: 27825375 PMCID: PMC5101677 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-1 (gal-1) belongs to the family of β-galactoside-binding proteins which primarily recognizes the Galβ1-4GlcNAc sequences of oligosaccharides associated with several cell surface glycoconjugates. The lectin recognizes correspondent glycoepitopes on human breast cancer cells. Galectin-1 is expressed both in normal and malignant tissues. Lymphatic organs naturally possessing high rates of apoptotic cells, express high levels of Galectin-1. Furthermore galectin-1 can initiate T cell apoptosis. Binding of galectin-1 to trophoblast tumor cells presenting the oncofetal Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) carbohydrate antigen inhibits tumor cell proliferation. In this study we examined the impact galectin-1 has in vitro on cell proliferation, apoptotic potential and metabolic activity of MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cells in dependence to their expression of the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) tumor antigen. Methods For proliferation and apoptosis assays cells were grown in presence of 10, 30 and 60 μg gal-1/ml medium. Cell proliferation was determined by a BrdU uptake ELISA. Detection of apoptotic cells was done by M30 cyto death staining, in situ nick translation and by a nucleosome ELISA method. Furthermore we studied the impact galectin-1 has on the metabolic activity of MCF-7 and T-47D cells in a homotypic three-dimensional spheroid cell culture model mimicking a micro tumour environment. Results Gal-1 inhibited proliferation of MCF-7 cells (strong expression of the TF epitope) but did not significantly change proliferation of T-47D cells (weak expression of the TF epitope). The incubation of MCF-7 cells with gal-1 raised number of apoptotic cells significantly. Treating the spheroids with 30 μg/ml galectin-1 in addition to standard chemotherapeutic regimes (FEC, TAC) resulted in further suppression of the metabolic activity in MCF-7 cells whereas T-47D cells were not affected. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that galectin-1 can inhibit proliferation und metabolic cell activity and induce apoptosis in breast tumor cell lines with high expression levels of the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen in monolayer and spheroid cell culture models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamina Geiger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich-Innenstadt, Maistrasse 11, 80337, München, Germany
| | - Barbara Mayer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Irmi Wiest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich-Innenstadt, Maistrasse 11, 80337, München, Germany
| | - Sandra Schulze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich-Innenstadt, Maistrasse 11, 80337, München, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich-Innenstadt, Maistrasse 11, 80337, München, Germany.
| | - Tobias Weissenbacher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich-Innenstadt, Maistrasse 11, 80337, München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heublein S, Page SK, Mayr D, Ditsch N, Jeschke U. p53 determines prognostic significance of the carbohydrate stem cell marker TF1 (CD176) in ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1163-70. [PMID: 26935926 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oncofoetal Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF1, CD176) epitope is a carbohydrate cancer stem cell (CSC) antigen, and TF1-mediated cancer progression can be widely reversed by anti-TF1 antibodies. Particularly, CSC-like cells are regarded to be tumorigenic and chemoresistant. Aberrant p53 is probably the factor most closely associated with chemoresistance and tumour aggressiveness in ovarian tumours. We thus questioned whether TF1 in combination with p53 or as a single marker may be related to clinico-pathological features and survival of ovarian cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Both markers were quantified in ovarian cancer tissue (n = 151) by immunohistochemistry. p53 staining was subdivided into three subgroups [n (completely negative) = 57, n (moderately stained) = 28, n (overexpressing) = 66]. TF1 was scored as positive (n = 30) versus negative (n = 121). RESULTS Only in those cancers classified with moderate p53 staining-and thus most likely displaying with wild-type TP53-TF1 positivity turned out to be a predictor for shortened overall survival (univariate: p < 0.001, multivariate: p = 0.001). By screening 17 different protein markers for correlation with TF1, only mucin-1 emerged as a potential TF1 carrier protein. CONCLUSION It is hypothesized that TF1 may confer tumour-promoting features, especially in a TP53 wild-type genetic background. In addition, TF1 is an attractive immunotherapeutic target. Whether those cases classified as TF1 positive and at the same time as moderately stained for p53 might particularly benefit from a future anti-TF1 antibody treatment or from TF1 vaccination therapy remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heublein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sabina K Page
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Disseminated and circulating tumor cells in bone marrow and blood of breast cancer patients: properties, enrichment, and potential targets. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1883-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
7
|
Kurtenkov O, Klaamas K. Increased Avidity of the Sambucus nigra Lectin-Reactive Antibodies to the Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen as a Potential Biomarker for Gastric Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:761908. [PMID: 26663951 PMCID: PMC4667053 DOI: 10.1155/2015/761908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether the naturally occurring Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen-specific antibodies differ in avidity between cancer patients and controls to find a novel biomarker for stomach cancer. METHODS Serum samples were taken from patients with cancer and controls. The level of TF-specific antibodies and their sialylation were determined using ELISA with synthetic TF-polyacrylamide conjugate as antigen and sialic acid-specific Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA). The avidity was determined using ammonium thiocyanate as a chaotrope. RESULTS A significantly higher SNA lectin binding to anti-TF antibodies was found in cancer patients irrespective of disease stage. The avidity of only IgM TF-specific antibodies was significantly higher in cancer patients compared to controls. The SNA-positive anti-TF antibodies of cancer patients showed a significantly higher avidity, P < 0.001. The sensitivity and specificity of this increase for gastric cancer were 73.53% and 73.08%, respectively, with a 73.2% diagnostic accuracy. The higher avidity of SNA-reactive anti-TF antibodies was associated with a benefit in survival of stage 3 cancer patients. CONCLUSION The SNA-reactive TF-specific antibodies display a significantly higher avidity in gastric cancer patients compared to controls, which can be used as a potential serologic biomarker for gastric cancer. It appears that IgM is the main target responsible for the above changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Kurtenkov
- Department of Oncology and Immunology, National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kersti Klaamas
- Department of Oncology and Immunology, National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Milde-Langosch K, Schütze D, Oliveira-Ferrer L, Wikman H, Müller V, Lebok P, Pantel K, Schröder C, Witzel I, Schumacher U. Relevance of βGal-βGalNAc-containing glycans and the enzymes involved in their synthesis for invasion and survival in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 151:515-28. [PMID: 25975956 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To study the influence of glycosylation on breast cancer progression by analyses on glycan, mRNA, and protein level. For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. Additionally, C1GALT1 protein expression was analyzed by Western blot analysis in 106 tumors. Correlations with clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) were calculated. Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. HPA and PNA binding also showed a negative prognostic impact in our cohort. Correspondingly, high expression of C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT8, or GALNT14 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein correlated significantly with shorter OAS. Notably, combined overexpression of C1GALT1/GALNT1 or C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA was associated with a significantly reduced OAS (HR 3.15 and 2.73) and RFS (HR 2.01 and 1.94), pointing to an additive influence of these enzymes. This prognostic impact retained significance in multivariate analysis including classical prognostic markers. Our data indicate that glycan structures containing βGal-βGalNAc residues and the enzymes involved in their synthesis play a role in breast cancer progression, at least partly by their promoting influence on haematogenic and lymphatic spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Milde-Langosch
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi L, Xia TS, Wei XL, Zhou W, Xue J, Cheng L, Lou P, Li C, Wang Y, Wei JF, Ding Q. Estrogen receptor (ER) was regulated by RNPC1 stabilizing mRNA in ER positive breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:12264-78. [PMID: 25881544 PMCID: PMC4494937 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs), including ERα and ERβ, mainly mediate the genotype effect of estrogen. ERα is highly expressed in most breast cancers. Endocrine therapy is the most effective and safety adjunctive therapy for ER positive breast cancers. RNPC1, an RNA binding protein (RBP), post-transcriptionally regulating gene expression, is emerging as a critical mechanism for gene regulation in mammalian cells. In this study, we revealed RNPC1's capability of regulating ERα expression. There was a significant correlation between RNPC1 and ERα expression in breast cancer tissues. Ectopic expression of RNPC1 could increase ERα transcript and expression in breast cancer cells, and vice versa. Consistent with this, RNPC1 was able to bind to ERα transcript to increase its stability. Furthermore, overexpression of ERα could decrease the level of RNPC1 transcript and protein. It suggested a novel mechanism by which ERα expression was regulated via stabilizing mRNA. A regulatory feedback loop between RNPC1 and ERα was proved. It indicated that RNPC1 played a crucial role in ERα regulation in ER-positive breast cancers via binding to ERα mRNA. These findings might provide new insights into breast cancer endocrine therapy and ERα research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Song Xia
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wei
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinqiu Xue
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Lou
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlian Li
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Increased sialylation of anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (CD176) antibodies in patients with gastric cancer: a diagnostic and prognostic potential. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:830847. [PMID: 25276822 PMCID: PMC4168149 DOI: 10.1155/2014/830847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study whether alterations in the sialylation of antibodies (Ab) specific to the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) glycotope have a diagnostic and prognostic potential in gastric cancer. METHODS Serum samples were taken from patients with gastric carcinoma (n = 142) and controls (n = 61). The level of TF-specific antibodies and their sialylation was detected using ELISA with synthetic TF-polyacrylamide conjugate as antigen and sialic acid-specific Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA). RESULTS The level of TF-specific IgM was significantly decreased in cancer compared with controls (P ≤ 0.001). Cancer patients showed a higher level of SNA binding to anti-TF IgM and IgA (P ≤ 0.001) irrespective of disease stage, tumor morphology, and gender. Changes in the SNA/Ab index demonstrated moderate sensitivity (66-71%) and specificity (60-73%) for stomach cancer. The best diagnostic accuracy (100%) was achieved in 29% patients with high SNA binding and low anti-TF IgM level. This subset of patients demonstrated the poorest survival. CONCLUSION Our findings are the first evidence that the increased sialylation of TF-specific Abs combined with a low level of anti-TF IgM is strongly linked to gastric cancer and patients survival, which can be used as a novel biomarker for cancer detection and prognosis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang YL, Wu CY. Carbohydrate-based vaccines: challenges and opportunities. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:1257-74. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
12
|
Kodar K, Izotova J, Klaamas K, Sergeyev B, Järvekülg L, Kurtenkov O. Aberrant glycosylation of the anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich glycotope immunoglobulin G in gastric cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:3573-82. [PMID: 23801858 PMCID: PMC3691035 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i23.3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study whether alterations in the glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific to the Thomsen-Friedenreich glycotope (TF) have diagnostic and prognostic potential in gastric cancer.
METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from patients with histologically verified gastric carcinoma (n = 89), healthy blood donors (n = 40), and patients with benign stomach diseases (n = 22). The lectin-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based glycoprofiling of TF-specific IgG (anti-TF IgG) was performed using synthetic TF-polyacrylamide conjugate as antigen, total IgG purified by affinity chromatography on protein G sepharose, and lectins of various sugar specificities: mannose-specific concanavalin A (ConA), fucose-specific Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) and sialic acid-specific Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA). The sensitivity and specificity of the differences between cancer patients and controls were evaluated by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Overall survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Time-dependent ROC curve statistics were applied to determine cut-off values for survival analysis. All calculations and comparisons were performed using the GraphPad Prism 5 and SPSS 15.0 software.
RESULTS: The level of TF-specific IgG was significantly increased in cancer patients compared with non-cancer controls (P < 0.001). This increase was pronounced mostly in stage 1 of the disease. Cancer patients showed a higher level of ConA binding to anti-TF-IgG (P < 0.05) and a very low level of SNA lectin binding (P = 0.0001). No appreciable stage-dependency of the binding of any lectin to anti-TF IgG was found. A strong positive correlation between the binding of AAL and SNA was found in all groups studied (r = 0.71-0.72; P < 0.0001). The changes in ConA reactivity were not related to those of the fucose- or sialic acid-specific lectin. Changes in the SNA binding index and the ConA/SNA binding ratio demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for stomach cancer: sensitivity 78.79% (95%CI: 61.09-91.02) and 72.73% (95%CI: 57.21-85.04); specificity 79.17 (95%CI: 65.01-89.53) and 88.64% (95%CI: 71.8-96.6), for the SNA binding index and the ConA/SNA binding ratio, respectively. The other combinations of lectins did not improve the accuracy of the assay. The low level of ConA-positive anti-TF IgG was associated with a survival benefit in cancer patients (HR = 1.56; 95%CI: 0.78-3.09; P = 0.19), especially in stages 3-4 of the disease (HR = 2.17; 95%CI: 0.98-4.79; P = 0.048). A significantly better survival rate was found in all cancer patients with a low reactivity of anti-TF IgG to the fucose-specific AAL lectin (HR = 2.39; 95%CI: 1.0-5.7; P = 0.038).
CONCLUSION: The changes in the TF-specific IgG glycosylation pattern can be used as a biomarker for stomach cancer detection, and to predict patient survival.
Collapse
|
13
|
Andergassen U, Zebisch M, Kölbl AC, Schindlbeck C, Ilmer M, Hutter S, Heublein S, Rack B, Friese K, Jeschke U. Detection of breast cancer cells in blood samples by immunostaining of the Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen. Future Oncol 2013; 9:747-52. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Disseminated tumor cells are found in the bone marrow of patients with epithelial carcinoma and are correlated with a poor prognosis of the disease. Their detection is a technical challenge. This report describes a model system for the detection of cancer cells by co-immunostaining of Thomsen–Friedenreich and Her-2 antigens. Methods & results: Small numbers of cancer cells from different cancer cell lines were mixed with blood samples of healthy donors. Cytospins were prepared and double immunostaining against Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen and Her-2 was carried out by fluorochrome-coupled antibodies. Quantification of Thomsen–Friedenreich and/or Her-2-positive cells was performed with an epifluorescence microscope. On average, 83% of cancer cells were recovered by this method. Conclusion: Immunostaining is a useful method for the detection of cancer cells in blood samples. Results of this model system will be transferred to bone marrow patient samples to prove the benefits for detection of disseminated tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Andergassen
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde & Geburtshilfe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München – Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Michael Zebisch
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde & Geburtshilfe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München – Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Alexandra C Kölbl
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde & Geburtshilfe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München – Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 München, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Ilmer
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7435 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Stefan Hutter
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde & Geburtshilfe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München – Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Sabine Heublein
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde & Geburtshilfe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München – Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde & Geburtshilfe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München – Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Klaus Friese
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde & Geburtshilfe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München – Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Klinik & Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde & Geburtshilfe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München – Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 München, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tumor-associated glycans and their role in gynecological cancers: accelerating translational research by novel high-throughput approaches. Metabolites 2012; 2:913-39. [PMID: 24957768 PMCID: PMC3901231 DOI: 10.3390/metabo2040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are important partners in many biological processes, including carcinogenesis. The rapidly developing field of functional glycomics becomes one of the frontiers of biology and biomedicine. Aberrant glycosylation of proteins and lipids occurs commonly during malignant transformation and leads to the expression of specific tumor-associated glycans. The appearance of aberrant glycans on carcinoma cells is typically associated with grade, invasion, metastasis and overall poor prognosis. Cancer-associated carbohydrates are mostly located on the surface of cancer cells and are therefore potential diagnostic biomarkers. Currently, there is increasing interest in cancer-associated aberrant glycosylation, with growing numbers of characteristic cancer targets being detected every day. Breast and ovarian cancer are the most common and lethal malignancies in women, respectively, and potential glycan biomarkers hold promise for early detection and targeted therapies. However, the acceleration of research and comprehensive multi-target investigation of cancer-specific glycans could only be successfully achieved with the help of a combination of novel high-throughput glycomic approaches.
Collapse
|
15
|
Schwartz-Albiez R. Naturally occurring antibodies directed against carbohydrate tumor antigens. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 750:27-43. [PMID: 22903664 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3461-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Healthy persons carry within their pool of circulating antibodies immunoglobulins preferentially of IgM isotype, which are directed against a variety of tumor-associated antigens. In closer scrutiny of their nature, some of these antibodies could be defined as naturally occurring antibodies due to the germline configuration of the variable immunoglobulin region. The majority of these immunoglobulins recognize carbohydrate antigens which can be classified as oncofetal antigens. Many of these IgM antibodies present in the peripheral blood circulation can bind to tumor cells and of these a minor portion are also able to destroy tumor cells by several mechanisms, as for instance complement-mediated cytolysis or apoptosis. It was postulated that anti-carbohydrate antibodies are part of an anti-tumor immune response, while their presence in the peripheral blood of healthy donors is still waiting for a plausible explanation. It may be that recognition of defined epitopes, including carbohydrate sequences, by naturally occurring antibodies constitutes the humoral arm of an anti-tumor immune response as part of the often postulated tumor surveillance. The cytotoxic capacity of these antibodies inspired several research groups and pharmaceutical companies to design novel strategies of immunoglobulin-based anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Cazet A, Julien S, Bobowski M, Burchell J, Delannoy P. Tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12:204. [PMID: 20550729 PMCID: PMC2917018 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation changes that occur in cancer often lead to the expression of tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens. In breast cancer, these antigens are usually associated with a poor prognosis and a reduced overall survival. Cellular models have shown the implication of these antigens in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and tumour growth. The present review summarizes our current knowledge of glycosylation changes (structures, biosynthesis and occurrence) in breast cancer cell lines and primary tumours, and the consequences on disease progression and aggressiveness. The therapeutic strategies attempted to target tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens in breast cancer are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Cazet
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Anti-idiotypic antibody mimicking a T-antigen-specific lectin inhibits human epithelial tumor cell proliferation. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 88:787-94. [PMID: 20404839 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated mucins show frequent alterations of oligosaccharide chain profile. Terminal structures may be deleted, thereby exposing normally 'cryptic' structures such as Tn (GalNAcα-O-Ser/Thr) and T antigen (Galβ1-3GalNAcα-O-Ser/Thr). Overexpression of these commonly hidden glycoforms, and reduced level of naturally occurring anti-T or anti-Tn antibodies, is associated with epithelial tumor progression and aggressiveness. The lectin from the common edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus (ABL) shows high affinity binding to T antigen, and reversible noncytotoxic inhibitory effect on epithelial tumor cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to induce immune response with tumor-associated glycan specificity and biological activity similar to those of ABL. An anti-idiotypic (Id) antibody strategy was developed using ABL as first template. ABL was purified by affinity chromatography and assayed as immunogen in rabbit. Rabbit IgG was purified from anti-ABL serum using a protein G column, and specific anti-ABL IgG was obtained by affinity chromatography using immobilized ABL. Affinity-purified anti-ABL IgG contained an antibody fraction that recognizes the carbohydrate-binding site of ABL. This IgG was used as immunogen in mouse to yield anti-Id antibody recognizing tumor-associated glycans such as Tn and T antigen. Competitive assays showed that α-anomeric GalNAc is the main binding subsite of anti-Id antibody in glycan recognition. Anti-Id antibody bound human epithelial tumor cells, as shown by cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence. Anti-Id antibody raised by immunization with affinity-purified anti-ABL IgG had antiproliferative effect on human epithelial tumor cells through apoptosis induction similar to that of ABL. The anti-Id immune response developed here has potential application in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
A variety of post-translational protein modifications (PTMs) are known to be altered as a result of cancer development. Thus, these PTMs are potentially useful biomarkers for breast cancer. Mass spectrometry, antibody microarrays and immunohistochemistry techniques have shown promise for identifying changes in PTMs. In this review, we summarize the current literature on PTMs identified in the plasma and tumor tissue of breast-cancer patients or in breast cell lines. We also discuss some of the analytical techniques currently being used to evaluate PTMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Jin
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry Group, Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mayoral MA, Mayoral C, Meneses A, Villalvazo L, Guzmán A, Espinosa B, Ochoa JL, Zenteno E, Guevara J. Identification of Galectin-3 and Mucin-Type O-Glycans in Breast Cancer and Its Metastasis to Brain. Cancer Invest 2009; 26:615-23. [DOI: 10.1080/07357900701837051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
20
|
Inhibin-alpha subunit is an independent prognostic parameter in human endometrial carcinomas: Analysis of inhibin/activin-alpha, -betaA and -betaB subunits in 302 cases. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:1304-1314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Nowak M, Madej J, Dziégiel P, Łopuszyński W, Rodo A, Ugorski M. Tumor-associated Carbohydrate Antigens: Sialyl Lea and T/Tn Antigens in Canine Mammary Tumors. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:222-6. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.46-2-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-eight canine mammary tubulopapillary carcinomas and 14 simple adenomas were studied by immunohistochemistry for the expressions of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. Sialyl Lea was detected in 71.42% of the malignant and 92.84% of the benign tumors. Staining with anti-T and anti-Tn monoclonal antibodies revealed that 85.70% of the tubulopapillary carcinomas expressed T and Tn antigens. In contrast, 50% of the adenomas did not express T antigen, and 42.85% of them were only weakly stained for this carbohydrate structure. In the case of Tn antigen, the majority (57.14%) of samples was weakly stained, and no binding was observed in 35.71% of the analyzed specimens. Comparison of average values of reaction intensity (IRS) scale for malignant versus benign tumors by the Mann-Whitney U-test revealed a significant relationship between T and Tn antigens expression and type (malignant vs. benign) mammary tumors. Based on the results obtained, it is suggested that each of the studied antigens can be treated as a tumor-associated antigen of canine mammary tumors. However, only the T and Tn antigens seem to be associated with malignant transformation of mammary gland cells and to be of potential value as diagnostic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Nowak
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Pathophysiology, Microbiology, and
Forensic Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental
and Life Sciences, ul. Norwida 31, 50-357 Wroclaw
| | - J. Madej
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Pathophysiology, Microbiology, and
Forensic Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental
and Life Sciences, ul. Norwida 31, 50-357 Wroclaw
| | - P. Dziégiel
- Department of Immunochemistry, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology
and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Weigla 12, 53-114
Wroclaw
| | - W. Łopuszyński
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University, ul.
Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw (PD)
| | - A. Rodo
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Life Sciences, ul. Gĺéboka 30, 26-612 Lublin (Wł); and
| | - M. Ugorski
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Norwida 31,
50-357 Wroclaw
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Klein A, Olendrowitz C, Schmutzler R, Hampl J, Schlag PM, Maass N, Arnold N, Wessel R, Ramser J, Meindl A, Scherneck S, Seitz S. Identification of brain- and bone-specific breast cancer metastasis genes. Cancer Lett 2008; 276:212-20. [PMID: 19114293 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer, metastases are relatively widely distributed, with the most common sites being bone, regional lymph nodes, lung, liver, and brain. The detailed mechanism of organ-specific metastasis is poorly understood. In this study, we initiated a search for genes that are implicated in brain or bone metastasis of primary human breast cancer. We generated gene expression profiles of 18 brain and eight bone metastases derived from primary breast tumors. We identified 73 genes differentially expressed between brain and bone metastases. Visualization of the differential gene expression profiles by correspondence and cluster analyses shows that the metastases clearly separate into two distinct groups as an exact reflection of their site of metastasis. Moreover, the analysis of this gene set in primary breast tumors relapsing to either bone or brain allowed accurate categorization of the tumors according to their metastatic site. The identified genes may prove to be excellent markers to predict the site of metastasis in breast cancer patients and could lead to tailor-made therapy to an individual patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Klein
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Arnimalle 22, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Immunohistochemistry, glycosylation and immunosuppression of glycodelin in human ovarian cancer. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 131:283-95. [PMID: 18853174 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycodelins (Gds) are glycoproteins with a gender specific glycosylation. Glycodelin A (GdA) is primarily produced in endometrial and decidual tissue and secreted to amniotic fluid. Glycodelins were also identified in several cancer types, including serous ovarian cancer. Gds act as a T-cell inhibitor and are involved in inactivation of human monocytes. With a Gd peptide antibody, derived from a 15 amino acid sequence of human Gd and in situ hybridization experiments, the expression of Gd in serous, mucinous, endometrioid and clear cell ovarian tumors was identified. In contrast to former investigations with antibodies against GdA, a positive immunohistochemical reaction for Gd was observed in all forms of epithelium ovarian cancer. These results were confirmed with in situ hybridization. In addition, Gd is expressed in granulose cell tumors, a non-epithelial form of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, Gd was purified from ascites fluid of ovarian cancer patients. Ascites Gd showed significant differences in its structure of sialyl Lewis-type oligosaccharides compared to GdA. Additionally, ascites Gd inhibits IL-2 stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood leucocytes and inhibits adhesion of SLe(X)-positive cells to E-selectin. Therefore, Gd could act as an inhibitor of lymphocyte activation and/or adhesion in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
24
|
Schindlbeck C, Stellwagen J, Jeschke U, Karsten U, Rack B, Janni W, Jückstock J, Tulusan A, Sommer H, Friese K. Immunomagnetic enrichment of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow and blood of breast cancer patients by the Thomsen-Friedenreich-Antigen. Clin Exp Metastasis 2008; 25:233-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-007-9137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
25
|
Abstract
There is an urgent need to understand distant metastases in breast cancer as they are the most lethal form of recurrence and a major cause of mortality in patients. Some predictors for distant metastases, including nodal status, tumor grade, and hormonal status, are useful in identifying patients at increased risk for distant metastases. Adjuvant endocrine therapy has been the treatment of choice for postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer, and some therapies have shown significant reductions in the risk of distant metastases. Skeletal metastases in breast cancer are treated with bisphosphonates with a certain level of success. With more new agents undergoing clinical trials, a thorough review of the specific and long-term safety of these agents is essential, as is a better understanding of the deterioration in the quality of life and cost concerns of patients who develop distant metastases. Gene-expression profiling is a new entrant in the field of distant metastases diagnosis, which is largely successful in defining gene signatures that predict the development of distant metastases. This review will discuss the biology and the impact of distant metastases on outcomes for patients with breast cancer; it also encompasses the current status, emerging focus, and future perspectives in treatment of skeletal metastases in patients with breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shafaat A Rabbani
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|