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de Melo IG, Tavares V, Pereira D, Medeiros R. Contribution of Endothelial Dysfunction to Cancer Susceptibility and Progression: A Comprehensive Narrative Review on the Genetic Risk Component. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4845-4873. [PMID: 38785560 PMCID: PMC11120512 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a challenging clinical obstacle in oncological settings, marked by elevated incidence rates and resulting morbidity and mortality. In the context of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays a crucial role in promoting a pro-thrombotic environment as endothelial cells lose their ability to regulate blood flow and coagulation. Moreover, emerging research suggests that this disorder may not only contribute to CAT but also impact tumorigenesis itself. Indeed, a dysfunctional endothelium may promote resistance to therapy and favour tumour progression and dissemination. While extensive research has elucidated the multifaceted mechanisms of ED pathogenesis, the genetic component remains a focal point of investigation. This comprehensive narrative review thus delves into the genetic landscape of ED and its potential ramifications on cancer progression. A thorough examination of genetic variants, specifically polymorphisms, within key genes involved in ED pathogenesis, namely eNOS, EDN1, ACE, AGT, F2, SELP, SELE, VWF, ICAM1, and VCAM1, was conducted. Overall, these polymorphisms seem to play a context-dependent role, exerting both oncogenic and tumour suppressor effects depending on the tumour and other environmental factors. In-depth studies are needed to uncover the mechanisms connecting these DNA variations to the pathogenesis of malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Guerra de Melo
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto. CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.G.d.M.); (V.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valéria Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto. CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.G.d.M.); (V.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto. CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.G.d.M.); (V.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
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Abdel Ghafar MT, Helmy AA. Genetic variants in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Impact on cancer risk, prognosis, and therapeutic directions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 124:165-220. [PMID: 38408799 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Although renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is known to maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance, it has recently been linked to a number of biological processes such as angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cellular proliferation, increasing the risk of cancer development and progression. Multiple genetic variants have been found to affect the genes encoding RAAS components, altering gene transcription and protein expression. This review provides an up-to-date insight into the role of RAAS in carcinogenesis, as well as the impact of RAAS genetic variants on the risk of cancer development, progression, and patient survival and outcomes, as well as response to treatment. This paves the way for the application of precision medicine in cancer risk assessment and management by implementing preventative programs in individuals at risk and guiding the therapeutic direction in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aya A Helmy
- Clinical Pathology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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Khalili-Tanha G, Khalili-Tanha N, Nazari SE, Chaeichi-Tehrani N, Khazaei M, Aliakbarian M, Hassanian SM, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Avan A. The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Angiotensin Pathway as a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Ameliorating Post-Surgical Adhesions. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:180-186. [PMID: 34176457 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210625153011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-surgical adhesion is a common complication after abdominal or pelvic surgeries. Despite improvements in surgical techniques or the application of physical barriers, little improvements have been achieved. It causes bowel obstruction, pelvic pain, and infertility in women and has an adverse effect on the quality of life. Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is traditionally considered as a blood pressure regulator. However, recent studies also indicate that the RAS plays a vital role in other processes, including oxidative stress, fibrosis, proliferation, inflammation, and the wound healing process. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main upstream effector of the RAS that can bind to the AT1 receptor (ATIR). A growing body of evidence has revealed that targeting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin II type 1 Receptor Blockers (ARBs), and Direct Renin Inhibitors (DRIs) can prevent post-surgical adhesions. Here we provide an overview of the therapeutic effect of RAS antagonists for adhesion. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were reviewed to identify potential agents targeting the RAS system as a potential approach for post-surgical adhesion. RESULTS Available evidence suggests the involvement of the RAS signaling pathway in inflammation, proliferation, and fibrosis pathways as well as in post-surgical adhesions. Several FDA-approved drugs are being used for targeting the RAS system. Some of them are being tested in different models to reduce fibrosis and improve adhesion after surgery, including Telmisartan, valsartan, and enalapril. CONCLUSION Identification of the pathological causes of post-surgical adhesion and the potential role of targeting Renin-Angiotensin System may help prevent this problem. Based on the pathological function of RAS signaling after surgeries, the administration of ARBs may be considered as a novel and efficient approach to prevent postsurgical adhesions. Pre-clinical and clinical studies should be carried out to have better information on the clinical significance of this therapy against post-surgical adhesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nima Khalili-Tanha
- Veterinary Medicine Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elnaz Nazari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Khazaei
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliakbarian
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Xia Q, Jin H, Zhang X, Yan W, Meng D, Ding B, Cao J, Li D, Wang S. Prognosis prediction signature of seven immune genes based on HPV status in cervical cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106935. [PMID: 32889244 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) has a high incidence and mortality rate, with a low 5-year survival rate, and human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of its carcinogenic risks. However, little evidence exists on the impact of HPV infection on the survival of patients with CC. In the present study, the CC cohort and immune genes were downloaded from the TCGA database and the ImmPort database, respectively. Subsequently, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed and found that HPV status was involved in multiple immune signaling pathways, which revealed that HPV infection might play critical roles in the immune response. Then seven prognostic immune genes were identified according to HPV status in CC. Using the seven immune genes, we established an immune risk score (IRS) signature and the Kaplan-Meier curve showed that high IRS was significantly correlated with poor prognosis of CC in both the training sets (HR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.66-3.33; AUC = 0.712) and the validation sets (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.02-1.85 and AUC = 0.583 in TCGA-HNSCC; HR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.364-4.893, AUC = 0.676 in GSE44001). A nomogram of IRS combined with clinical features was established, and further analyses demonstrated that the power of the nomogram to predict the prognosis of CC was more reliable than that of a single independent factor. In conclusion, this study provided a more comprehensive understanding of the correlation between HPV and immune mechanisms as well as a novel signature that can effectively predict the prognosis of CC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University (Nantong Tumor Hospital), Nantong, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Dan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dake Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Identification and Analysis of Novel Biomarkers Involved in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analyses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2671281. [PMID: 32090070 PMCID: PMC7029304 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2671281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) is a distinct subtype, whose clinical manifestations often lack specificity, and the molecular mechanisms of ChRCC tumorigenesis remain generally vague. The target of this study was to discover novel biomarkers involved in ChRCC by integrated bioinformatics analyses. We found 2608 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 1518 were upregulated and 1090 were downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of DEGs uncovered significant functional enrichment in three aspects: biological process (BP), molecular function (MF), and cellular component (CC). The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated DEGs were largely enriched in retinol metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Then, the protein–protein interactions (PPI) network was constructed and top three hub genes were identified by the Cytoscape plugin cytoHubba. Through calculating the degree, betweenness centrality, and Stress of mRNAs, CENPA was upregulated and KNG1 and AGT were downregulated. A survival assay performed according to Oncomine data showed only CENPA high expression exhibited a worse prognosis. This study identified crucial genes and pathways for the progress of ChRCC, and CENPA might be a novel biomarker for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of ChRCC.
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Perdomo-Pantoja A, Mejía-Pérez SI, Reynoso-Noverón N, Gómez-Flores-Ramos L, Soto-Reyes E, Sánchez-Correa TE, Guerra-Calderas L, Castro-Hernandez C, Vidal-Millán S, Sánchez-Corona J, Taja-Chayeb L, Gutiérrez O, Cacho-Diaz B, Alvarez-Gomez RM, Gómez-Amador JL, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Corona T, Herrera-Montalvo LA, Wegman-Ostrosky T. Angiotensinogen rs5050 germline genetic variant as potential biomarker of poor prognosis in astrocytoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206590. [PMID: 30383794 PMCID: PMC6211735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in brain cancer represents a scarcely explored field in neuro-oncology. Recently, some pre- and clinical studies have reported that RAS components play a relevant role in the development and behavior of gliomas. The angiotensinogen (AGT) rs5050 genetic variant has been identified as a crucial regulator of the transcription of AGT mRNA, which makes it a logical and promising target of research. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the AGT rs5050 genetic variant in blood with prognosis in astrocytoma. Methods A prospective pilot study was performed on forty-eight astrocytoma patients, who received the standard-of-care treatment. Blood samples were taken prior to surgery and DNA was sequenced using Ion Torrent next-generation sequencing and analyzed by Ion Reporter software. Descriptive, bivariate, multivariate, and survival analyses were performed using SPSS v21, STATA 12 and GraphPad Prism 7. Results Median follow-up was 41 months (range 1–48). Survival analysis showed a significant difference between the rs5050 genotypes (p = .05). We found lower survival rates in individuals with the GG-genotype of rs5050 AGT compared to patients with the TT- and TG-genotype (2 months vs. 11.5 months, respectively [p = .01]). In bivariate and multivariate analyses, GG-genotype was negatively associated with survival. Conclusions In patients with astrocytoma, AGT rs5050 GG-genotype was associated with poor prognosis. We propose this germline genetic variant as a complementary biomarker, which can be detected practically and safely in blood samples or saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Perdomo-Pantoja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, "Manuel Velasco Suarez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Iliana Mejía-Pérez
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, "Manuel Velasco Suarez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ernesto Soto-Reyes
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Clementina Castro-Hernandez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM-INCAN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Vidal-Millán
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lucia Taja-Chayeb
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Olga Gutiérrez
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Cacho-Diaz
- Unidad de Neuro-oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Luis Gómez-Amador
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, "Manuel Velasco Suarez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Corona
- Laboratorio Clínico de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, "Manuel Velasco Suarez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Alonso Herrera-Montalvo
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM-INCAN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Renin angiotensin system and its role in biomarkers and treatment in gliomas. J Neurooncol 2018; 138:1-15. [PMID: 29450812 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary intrinsic tumor in the brain and are classified as low- or high-grade according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG) who undergo surgical resection with adjuvant therapy have a mean overall survival of 15 months and 100% recurrence. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the primary regulator of cardiovascular circulation, exhibits local action and works as a paracrine system. In the context of this local regulation, the expression of RAS peptides and receptors has been detected in different kinds of tumors, including gliomas. The dysregulation of RAS components plays a significant role in the proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion of these tumors, and therefore in their outcomes. The study and potential application of RAS peptides and receptors as biomarkers in gliomas could bring advantages against the limitations of current tumoral markers and should be considered in the future. The targeting of RAS components by RAS blockers has shown potential of being protective against cancer and improving immunotherapy. In gliomas, RAS blockers have shown a broad spectrum for beneficial effects and are being considered for use in treatment protocols. This review aims to summarize the background behind how RAS plays a role in gliomagenesis and explore the evidence that could lead to their use as biomarkers and treatment adjuvants.
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Flores IL, Santos-Silva AR, Coletta RD, Leme AFP, Lopes MA. Low expression of angiotensinogen and dipeptidyl peptidase 1 in saliva of patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. World J Clin Cases 2016; 4:356-363. [PMID: 27900324 PMCID: PMC5112355 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v4.i11.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the profile of the salivary proteome.
METHODS Unstimulated whole mouth saliva was collected from 30 volunteers [15 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) patients and 15 controls] and proteins were submitted for mass spectrometry-based proteomics using the discovery approach, followed by analyses of variance and logistic regression tests.
RESULTS A total of two hundred and eighty-three proteins were confidently identified in saliva. By combining two low abundance proteins from the PVL group, angiotensinogen (AGT) and dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1), a model for group differentiation was built with a concordance index of 94.2%, identifying both proteins as potential etiologic biomarkers for PVL.
CONCLUSION This study suggests that both AGT and DPP1 may be involved in developmental mechanisms of PVL.
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Chai YD, Zhang L, Yang Y, Su T, Charugundla P, Ai J, Messadi D, Wong DT, Hu S. Discovery of potential serum protein biomarkers for lymph node metastasis in oral cancer. Head Neck 2015; 38:118-25. [PMID: 25223295 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of our study was to identify serum protein biomarkers for node-positive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Biomarkers indicating lymph node metastasis provides a valuable classification methodology to optimize treatment plans for patients with OSCC. METHODS Quantitative serum proteomic analysis of OSCCs with either node-positive or node-negative disease was performed with tandem mass spectrometry and isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Immunoassays were used to validate a panel of candidate protein biomarkers and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the performance of the candidate biomarkers. RESULTS A total of 282 serum proteins were quantified between node-positive and node-negative OSCCs with the proteomic approach. Four candidate biomarkers, gelsolin, fibronectin, angiotensinogen, and haptoglobin, were validated in an independent group of patients with node-positive or node-negative OSCC. The best candidate biomarker, gelsolin, yielded a ROC value of 89% for node-positive OSCC, although the sample size for validation is relatively small. Fibronectin, gelsolin, and angiotensinogen were also found to be differentially expressed between cancer cell lines of node-positive and node-negative cancer origin. CONCLUSION Our studies suggest that testing of serum protein biomarkers might help detect lymph node metastasis of oral cancer. Because of limited sample size in our studies, long-term longitudinal studies with large populations of individuals with oral cancer are needed to validate these potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang D Chai
- School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Trent Su
- School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Prashant Charugundla
- School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jiye Ai
- School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Diana Messadi
- School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David T Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shen Hu
- School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Lin J, Chen J, Liu C. AGT M235T variant is not associated with risk of cancer. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 16:448-52. [PMID: 23846033 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313496859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The angiotensinogen (AGT) gene has been considered to be implicated in the development of cancer. However, the results have been inconsistent. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to clarify the association of AGT M235T variant with cancer risk. METHODS Published literature from PubMed and Embase were retrieved. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using a fixed- or random-effects model. RESULTS A total of seven articles including eight studies (3639 cancer cases and 6684 controls) for AGT M235T variant were included. The present meta-analysis showed that AGT M235T variant was marginally associated with cancer risk under dominant model (OR=1.12, 95% CI=1.02-1.24). However, the positive association was not stable after sensitivity analysis. Further subgroup analysis by cancer type did not suggest any association of AGT M235T variant with various cancers (all p>0.05). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis demonstrated that AGT M235T variant was not associated with risk of all cancer or various cancers. Further well-designed studies with large sample size should be conducted to confirm or refute the non-significant association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Lin
- The First People's Hospital of Xiangshan County, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Medical school, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Chibo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China
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Jethon A, Pula B, Piotrowska A, Wojnar A, Rys J, Dziegiel P, Podhorska-Okolow M. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT-1R) expression correlates with VEGF-A and VEGF-D expression in invasive ductal breast cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:867-73. [PMID: 22581182 PMCID: PMC3448048 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies point to the involvement of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor type 1 (AT-1R) on processes of metastasing, stimulation of invasiveness and angiogenesis in tumours. In this study, the correlation between intensity of AT-1R expression and expression of lymph- and angiogenesis markers in invasive ductal breast cancers (IDC) was examined. Immunohistochemical studies (IHC) were performed on archival material of 102 IDC cases. Only 28 (27.5%) cases manifested low AT-1R expression while 74 (72.5%) cases demonstrated a moderate or pronounced AT-1R expression. Expression intensity of AT-1R was found to correlate with expressions of VEGF-A (r = 0.26; p = 0.008) and VEGF-D (r = 0.24; p = 0.015). Out of the examined markers of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis only the pronounced expression of VEGF-C was found to correlate with patient poor clinical outcome (p = 0.009). The positive correlation between AT-1R and VEGF-A and VEGF-D could point to stimulatory action of Ang II on their expression what might result in augmented lymph- and angiogenesis in IDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jethon
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University, Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract
Much evidence now suggests that angiotensin II has roles in normal functions of the breast that may be altered or attenuated in cancer. Both angiotensin type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors are present particularly in the secretory epithelium. Additionally, all the elements of a tissue renin-angiotensin system, angiotensinogen, prorenin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), are also present and distributed in different cell types in a manner suggesting a close relationship with sites of angiotensin II activity. These findings are consistent with the concept that stromal elements and myoepithelium are instrumental in maintaining normal epithelial structure and function. In disease, this system becomes disrupted, particularly in invasive carcinoma. Both AT1 and AT2 receptors are present in tumours and may be up-regulated in some. Experimentally, angiotensin II, acting via the AT1 receptor, increases tumour cell proliferation and angiogenesis, both these are inhibited by blocking its production or function. Epidemiological evidence on the effect of expression levels of ACE or the distribution of ACE or AT1 receptor variants in many types of cancer gives indirect support to these concepts. It is possible that there is a case for the therapeutic use of high doses of ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor blockers in breast cancer, as there may be for AT2 receptor agonists, though this awaits full investigation. Attention is drawn to the possibility of blocking specific AT1-mediated intracellular signalling pathways, for example by AT1-directed antibodies, which exploit the possibility that the extracellular N-terminus of the AT1 receptor may have previously unsuspected signalling roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Vinson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
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The effect of renin angiotensin system on tamoxifen resistance. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:152-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Xi B, Zeng T, Liu L, Liang Y, Liu W, Hu Y, Li J. Association between polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system genes and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 130:561-8. [PMID: 21638051 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been considered to be implicated in the development of breast cancer. However, the results are inconsistent. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between four polymorphisms, including angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D and A240T, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) A1166C and angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk. Published literature from PubMed, ISI web of science, and Embase databases were retrieved. All studies evaluating the association between ACE I/D, ACE A240T, AGTR1 A1166C, or AGT M235T polymorphism and breast cancer risk were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using fixed- or random-effects model. Ten studies (1,650 cases and 9,283 controls) on ACE I/D polymorphism, six studies (1,316 cases and 2,632 controls) on ACE A240T polymorphism, three studies (235 cases and 601 controls) on AGTR1 A1166C polymorphism, and two studies (273 cases and 3,547 controls) on AGT M235T polymorphism were included. Overall, the meta-analysis showed no significant association between I/D or A240T polymorphism and breast cancer risk in either genetic model. Further subgroup analysis by ethnicity also revealed non-significant association in Caucasian or Asian populations except for Africans (the statistically significant association for ACE I/D or A240T polymorphism in Africans derived from only one study). A marginally significant association was observed for AGTR1 A1166C polymorphism in Caucasians (CC vs. AA: OR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.10-0.99). In addition, there was a significant association between AGT M235T polymorphism and breast cancer risk in Caucasians (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.12-1.88). The present meta-analysis suggested that ACE I/D and A240T polymorphisms might not be a good predictor of breast cancer risk, while AGTR1 A1166C and AGT M235T polymorphisms might be implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Given the limited sample size, the findings warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xi
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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15
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Common cardiovascular medications in cancer therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 130:177-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Mendizábal-Ruiz AP, Morales J, Castro Martinez X, Gutierrez Rubio SA, Valdez L, Vásquez-Camacho JG, Sanchez Corona J, Moran Moguel MC. RAS polymorphisms in cancerous and benign breast tissue. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2010; 12:85-92. [PMID: 21109584 DOI: 10.1177/1470320310383735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent information has revealed new roles in the angiogenic processes linked to the rennin-angiotensin system. To date few studies have been done on the association between RAS genes and cancer and the majority focus mainly on angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). For breast cancer there are three reports that include the angiotensin II receptor, subtype 1 (AGTR1), only one for angiotensinogen (AGT) and none for renin gene (REN). In the present study we investigate whether REN (Bgll), AGT (M235T), ACE (A245T, Indel), and AGTR1 (A1166C) are associated with breast cancer. Polymorphisms were analysed by PCR and RFPLs or sequence specific assay in three groups: breast cancer, benign breast disease (BBD) and general population. REN polymorphism shows that homozygous for A allele have an increased risk for BBD. Differences in M235T genotype frequencies were significant with less heterozygous in breast cancer. With different risk values ACE indel was associated with BBD and breast cancer. Association of AGTR1 was observed only in the breast cancer group, where C allele carriers present a reduced risk. Results of this work supports previous observations on the possible involvement of this system in breast cancer but it also suggests a role in benign disease.
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Abstract
For cancers to develop, sustain and spread, the appropriation of key homeostatic physiological systems that influence cell growth, migration and death, as well as inflammation and the expansion of vascular networks are required. There is accumulating molecular and in vivo evidence to indicate that the expression and actions of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) influence malignancy and also predict that RAS inhibitors, which are currently used to treat hypertension and cardiovascular disease, might augment cancer therapies. To appreciate this potential hegemony of the RAS in cancer, an expanded comprehension of the cellular actions of this system is needed, as well as a greater focus on translational and in vivo research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amee J George
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Namazi S, Monabati A, Ardeshir-Rouhani-Fard S, Azarpira N. Association of angiotensin I converting enzyme (insertion/deletion) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (A1166C) polymorphisms with breast cancer prognostic factors in iranian population. Mol Carcinog 2010; 49:1022-30. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Andreotti G, Boffetta P, Rosenberg PS, Berndt SI, Karami S, Menashe I, Yeager M, Chanock SJ, Zaridze D, Matteev V, Janout V, Kollarova H, Bencko V, Navratilova M, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Mates D, Rothman N, Brennan P, Chow WH, Moore LE. Variants in blood pressure genes and the risk of renal cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:614-20. [PMID: 20047954 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a known risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), although the underlying biological mechanisms of its action are unknown. To clarify the role of hypertension in RCC, we examined the risk of RCC in relation to 142 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight genes having a role in blood pressure control. We analyzed 777 incident and histologically confirmed RCC cases and 1035 controls who completed an in-person interview as part of a multi-center, hospital-based case-control study in Central Europe. Genotyping was conducted with an Illumina GoldenGate Oligo Pool All assay using germ line DNA. Of the eight genes examined, AGT (angiotensinogen) was most strongly associated with RCC (minimum P-value permutation test = 0.02). Of the 17 AGT tagging SNPs considered, associations were strongest for rs1326889 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15-1.58] and rs2493137 (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.12-1.54), which are located in the promoter. Stratified analysis revealed that the effects of the AGT SNPs were statistically significant in participants with hypertension or high body mass index (BMI) (> or =25 kg/m(2)), but not in subjects without hypertension and with a normal BMI (<25 kg/m(2)). Also, haplotypes with risk-conferring alleles of markers located in the promoter and intron 1 regions of AGT were significantly associated with RCC compared with the common haplotype in subjects with hypertension or high BMI (global P = 0.003). Our findings suggest that common genetic variants of AGT, particularly those in the promoter, increase RCC risk among subjects who are hypertensive or overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20852-4906, USA.
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Gourin CG, Zhi W, Adam BL. Proteomic identification of serum biomarkers for head and neck cancer surveillance. Laryngoscope 2009; 119:1291-302. [PMID: 19444892 DOI: 10.1002/lary.20279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Serum protein profiling by SELDI-TOF-MS distinguishes pretreatment and post-treatment samples from patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) by disease status (disease-free or recurrence) with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. We sought to identify biomarkers for recurrence with potential utility for surveillance and incorporated 2-D DIGE and MALDI-TOF-MS techniques to overcome the limitations of SELDI-TOF-MS in determining biomarker identity. METHODS Serum samples were collected prospectively from 143 HNSCC patients and analyzed based on disease status following treatment. RESULTS Recurrent HNSCC occurred in 46 patients. MALDI-TOF-MS following immunodepletion of major plasma proteins followed by 2-D DIGE identified 181 proteins with differential expression between pretreatment and post-treatment samples collected 6 months or more following treatment. Classification by disease status revealed significant differential expression of 16 proteins, with recurrent HNSCC associated with underexpression of kininogen and serine protease inhibitors C-1 inhibitor, kininogen, angiotensinogen, serine/cysteine proteinase inhibitor clade G member 1, and overexpression of thiol-specific antioxidant proteins (TSA), apolipoprotein A1 and proapolipoprotein, and epidermal cytokeratin 2. CONCLUSIONS Serum protein profiling using 2D DIGE/MALDI-TOF-MS identifies proteins with significant differential expression in HNSCC based on disease status. Recurrent HNSCC was associated with underexpression of several protease inhibitors and kininogen, which has antiangiogenic properties, and overexpression of TSA, which is a free radical scavenger, as well as several forms of apolipoprotein A1 that may serve as a carrier molecule but may also indirectly promote tumor survival through kinase activation. This profile is consistent with a more aggressive disease variant and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine G Gourin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
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Santos SJ, Aupperlee MD, Xie J, Durairaj S, Miksicek R, Conrad SE, Leipprandt JR, Tan YS, Schwartz RC, Haslam SZ. Progesterone receptor A-regulated gene expression in mammary organoid cultures. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 115:161-72. [PMID: 19383543 PMCID: PMC2729057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone, through the progesterone receptor (PR), promotes development of the normal mammary gland and is implicated in the etiology of breast cancer. We identified PRA-regulated genes by microarray analysis of cultured epithelial organoids derived from pubertal and adult mouse mammary glands, developmental stages with differing progesterone responsiveness. Microarray analysis showed significant progestin (R5020)-regulation of 162 genes in pubertal organoids and 104 genes in adult organoids, with 68 genes regulated at both developmental stages. Greater induction of receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand and calcitonin expression was observed in adult organoids, suggesting possible roles in the differential progesterone responsiveness of the adult and pubertal mammary glands. Analysis of the R5020-responsive transcriptome revealed several enriched biological processes including cell adhesion, immune response, and survival. R5020 both induced Agtr1 and potentiated angiotensin II-stimulated proliferation, highlighting the functional significance of the latter process. Striking up-regulation of genes involved in innate immunity processes included the leukocyte chemoattractants serum amyloid A1, 2 and 3 (Saa1, 2, 3). In vivo analysis revealed that progesterone treatment increased SAA1 protein expression and leukocyte density in mammary gland regions undergoing epithelial expansion. These studies reveal novel targets of PRA in mammary epithelial cells and novel linkages of progesterone action during mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Santos
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
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AGTR1 overexpression defines a subset of breast cancer and confers sensitivity to losartan, an AGTR1 antagonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:10284-9. [PMID: 19487683 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0900351106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer patients have benefited from the use of targeted therapies directed at specific molecular alterations. To identify additional opportunities for targeted therapy, we searched for genes with marked overexpression in subsets of tumors across a panel of breast cancer profiling studies comprising 3,200 microarray experiments. In addition to prioritizing ERBB2, we found AGTR1, the angiotensin II receptor type I, to be markedly overexpressed in 10-20% of breast cancer cases across multiple independent patient cohorts. Validation experiments confirmed that AGTR1 is highly overexpressed, in several cases more than 100-fold. AGTR1 overexpression was restricted to estrogen receptor-positive tumors and was mutually exclusive with ERBB2 overexpression across all samples. Ectopic overexpression of AGTR1 in primary mammary epithelial cells, combined with angiotensin II stimulation, led to a highly invasive phenotype that was attenuated by the AGTR1 antagonist losartan. Similarly, losartan reduced tumor growth by 30% in AGTR1-positive breast cancer xenografts. Taken together, these observations indicate that marked AGTR1 overexpression defines a subpopulation of ER-positive, ERBB2-negative breast cancer that may benefit from targeted therapy with AGTR1 antagonists, such as losartan.
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Abstract
MOTIVATION Microarray experiments can be used to help study the role of chromosomal translocation in cancer development through cancer outlier detection. The aim is to identify genes that are up- or down-regulated in a subset of cancer samples in comparison to normal samples. RESULTS We propose a likelihood-based approach which targets detecting the change of point in mean expression intensity in the group of cancer samples. A desirable property of the proposed approach is the availability of theoretical significance-level results. Simulation studies showed that the performance of the proposed approach is appealing in terms of both detection power and false discovery rate. And the real data example also favored the likelihood-based approach in terms of the biological relevance of the results. AVAILABILITY R code to implement the proposed method in the statistical package R is available at: http://odin.mdacc.tmc.edu/~jhhu/cod-analysis/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Quantitative Science, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Piersma D, Verhoef-Post M, Look MP, Uitterlinden AG, Pols HAP, Berns EMJJ, Themmen APN. Polymorphic variations in exon 10 of the luteinizing hormone receptor: functional consequences and associations with breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 276:63-70. [PMID: 17709176 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphic variation of the LHR gene may affect receptor function and accordingly may influence ovarian steroid hormone action, including steroid hormone-dependent clinical outcome. The functional effects of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), i.e. LHR 291Asn/Ser (rs12470652) and 312Ser/Asn (rs2293275) in the biologically interesting exon 10 of the LHR gene are described. Furthermore, ethnic diversity in allele frequencies and genotype distributions of both SNPs was determined. In addition associations with breast cancer were studied in 751 breast cancer patients. In vitro transfection studies revealed altered glycosylation status and increased receptor sensitivity for the 291Ser LHR variant. No functional consequences were observed for the 312SerAsn LHR SNP. The LHR 312Asn allele was slightly more often present in two independent breast cancer patient cohorts as compared to controls (OR=1.15; p=0.03 and 1.26; p=0.001, respectively). In conclusion, although functional changes of the LHR 291Ser candidate allele were observed, no associations with breast cancer were found, while the LHR 312Asn allele can be regarded as a weak breast cancer risk allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djura Piersma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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