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Oei L, Hsu YH, Styrkarsdottir U, Eussen BH, de Klein A, Peters MJ, Halldorsson B, Liu CT, Alonso N, Kaptoge SK, Thorleifsson G, Hallmans G, Hocking LJ, Husted LB, Jameson KA, Kruk M, Lewis JR, Patel MS, Scollen S, Svensson O, Trompet S, van Schoor NM, Zhu K, Buckley BM, Cooper C, Ford I, Goltzman D, González-Macías J, Langdahl BL, Leslie WD, Lips P, Lorenc RS, Olmos JM, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Reid DM, Riancho JA, Slagboom PE, Garcia-Ibarbia C, Ingvarsson T, Johannsdottir H, Luben R, Medina-Gómez C, Arp P, Nandakumar K, Palsson ST, Sigurdsson G, van Meurs JBJ, Zhou Y, Hofman A, Jukema JW, Pols HAP, Prince RL, Cupples LA, Marshall CR, Pinto D, Sato D, Scherer SW, Reeve J, Thorsteinsdottir U, Karasik D, Richards JB, Stefansson K, Uitterlinden AG, Ralston SH, Ioannidis JPA, Kiel DP, Rivadeneira F, Estrada K. A genome-wide copy number association study of osteoporotic fractures points to the 6p25.1 locus. J Med Genet 2014; 51:122-31. [PMID: 24343915 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterised by reduced bone mineral density and increased susceptibility to fracture; these traits are highly heritable. Both common and rare copy number variants (CNVs) potentially affect the function of genes and may influence disease risk. AIM To identify CNVs associated with osteoporotic bone fracture risk. METHOD We performed a genome-wide CNV association study in 5178 individuals from a prospective cohort in the Netherlands, including 809 osteoporotic fracture cases, and performed in silico lookups and de novo genotyping to replicate in several independent studies. RESULTS A rare (population prevalence 0.14%, 95% CI 0.03% to 0.24%) 210 kb deletion located on chromosome 6p25.1 was associated with the risk of fracture (OR 32.58, 95% CI 3.95 to 1488.89; p = 8.69 × 10(-5)). We performed an in silico meta-analysis in four studies with CNV microarray data and the association with fracture risk was replicated (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 8.22; p = 0.02). The prevalence of this deletion showed geographic diversity, being absent in additional samples from Australia, Canada, Poland, Iceland, Denmark, and Sweden, but present in the Netherlands (0.34%), Spain (0.33%), USA (0.23%), England (0.15%), Scotland (0.10%), and Ireland (0.06%), with insufficient evidence for association with fracture risk. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that deletions in the 6p25.1 locus may predispose to higher risk of fracture in a subset of populations of European origin; larger and geographically restricted studies will be needed to confirm this regional association. This is a first step towards the evaluation of the role of rare CNVs in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Oei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Castaño-Betancourt MC, Oei L, Rivadeneira F, de Schepper EIT, Hofman A, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Pols HAP, Uitterlinden AG, Van Meurs JBJ. Association of lumbar disc degeneration with osteoporotic fractures; the Rotterdam study and meta-analysis from systematic review. Bone 2013; 57:284-9. [PMID: 23958823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) and all type of osteoporotic (OP) fractures including vertebral. METHODS This study is part of the Rotterdam study, a large prospective population-based cohort study among men and women aged 55years and over. In 2819 participants spine radiographs were scored for LDD (osteophytes and disc space narrowing (DSN)) from L1 till S1, using the Lane atlas. Osteoporotic (OP) fracture data were collected and verified by specialists during 12.8years. We considered two types of vertebral fractures (VFx): Clinical VFx (symptomatic fractures recorded by medical practitioners) and Radiographic VFx (using the McCloskey-Kanis method). Meta-analysis of published studies reporting an association of LDD features and VFx was performed. Differences in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) between participants with and without LDD features were analyzed using ANOVA. Risk of OP-fractures was analyzed using Cox regression. RESULTS In a total of 2385 participants, during 12.8years follow-up, 558 suffered an OP-fracture. Subjects with LDD had an increased OP fracture risk compared to subjects without LDD (HR: 1.29, CI: 1.04-1.60). LDD-cases have between 0.3 and 0.72 standard deviations more BMD than non-cases in all analyzed regions including total body BMD and skull BMD (P<0.001). Only males with LDD had increased risk for OP-fractures compared to males without LDD (adjusted-HR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.20-2.70, P=0.005). The risk was also higher for VFx in males (HR: 1.64, CI: 1.03-2.60, P: 0.04). The association LDD-OP-fractures in females was lower and not significant (adjusted-HR: 1.08, 95%CI: 0.82-1.41). Meta-analyses showed that the risk of VFx in subjects with LDD has been studied only in women and there is not enough evidence to confidently analyze the relationship between LDD-features (DSN or/and OPH) and VFx due to low power and heterogeneity in phenotype definition in the collected studies. CONCLUSIONS Male subjects with LDD have a higher osteoporotic fracture risk, in spite of systemically higher BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Castaño-Betancourt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Oei L, Zillikens MC, Dehghan A, Buitendijk GHS, Castaño-Betancourt MC, Estrada K, Stolk L, Oei EHG, van Meurs JBJ, Janssen JAMJL, Hofman A, van Leeuwen JPTM, Witteman JCM, Pols HAP, Uitterlinden AG, Klaver CCW, Franco OH, Rivadeneira F. High bone mineral density and fracture risk in type 2 diabetes as skeletal complications of inadequate glucose control: the Rotterdam Study. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:1619-28. [PMID: 23315602 PMCID: PMC3661786 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with type 2 diabetes have increased fracture risk despite higher bone mineral density (BMD). Our aim was to examine the influence of glucose control on skeletal complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data of 4,135 participants of the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort, were available (mean follow-up 12.2 years). At baseline, 420 participants with type 2 diabetes were classified by glucose control (according to HbA1c calculated from fructosamine), resulting in three comparison groups: adequately controlled diabetes (ACD; n = 203; HbA1c <7.5%), inadequately controlled diabetes (ICD; n = 217; HbA1c ≥ 7.5%), and no diabetes (n = 3,715). Models adjusted for sex, age, height, and weight (and femoral neck BMD) were used to test for differences in bone parameters and fracture risk (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI]). RESULTS The ICD group had 1.1-5.6% higher BMD, 4.6-5.6% thicker cortices, and -1.2 to -1.8% narrower femoral necks than ACD and ND, respectively. Participants with ICD had 47-62% higher fracture risk than individuals without diabetes (HR 1.47 [1.12-1.92]) and ACD (1.62 [1.09-2.40]), whereas those with ACD had a risk similar to those without diabetes (0.91 [0.67-1.23]). CONCLUSIONS Poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes is associated with fracture risk, high BMD, and thicker femoral cortices in narrower bones. We postulate that fragility in apparently "strong" bones in ICD can result from microcrack accumulation and/or cortical porosity, reflecting impaired bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Oei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Hoorn EJ, Rivadeneira F, van Meurs JBJ, Ziere G, Stricker BHC, Hofman A, Pols HAP, Zietse R, Uitterlinden AG, Zillikens MC. Mild hyponatremia as a risk factor for fractures: the Rotterdam Study. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:1822-8. [PMID: 21381111 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that mild hyponatremia is associated with fractures, but prospective studies are lacking. We studied whether hyponatremia is associated with fractures, falls, and/or bone mineral density (BMD). A total of 5208 elderly subjects with serum sodium assessed at baseline were included from the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. The following data were analyzed: BMD, vertebral fractures (mean follow-up 6.4 years), nonvertebral fractures (7.4 years), recent falls, comorbidity, medication, and mortality. Hyponatremia was detected in 399 subjects (7.7%, 133.4 ± 2.0 mmol/L). Subjects with hyponatremia were older (73.5 ± 10.3 years versus 70.0 ± 9.0 years, p < .001), had more recent falls (23.8% versus 16.4%, p < .01), higher type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence (22.2% versus 10.3%, p < .001), and more often used diuretics (31.1% versus 15.0%, p < .001). Hyponatremia was not associated with lower BMD but was associated with increased risk of incident nonvertebral fractures [hazard ratio (HR) =1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.73, p = .004] after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index. Further adjustments for disability index, use of diuretics, use of psycholeptics, recent falls, and diabetes did not modify results. In the fully adjusted model, subjects with hyponatremia also had increased risk of vertebral fractures at baseline [odds ratio (OR) = 1.78, 95% CI 1.04-3.06, p = .037] but not at follow-up. Finally, all-cause mortality was higher in subjects with hyponatremia (HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.03-1.43, p = .022). It is concluded that mild hyponatremia in the elderly is associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures and incident nonvertebral fractures but not with BMD. Increased fracture risk in hyponatremia also was independent of recent falls, pointing toward a possible effect on bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewout J Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Kerkhof HJM, Meulenbelt I, Carr A, Gonzalez A, Hart D, Hofman A, Kloppenburg M, Lane NE, Loughlin J, Nevitt MC, Pols HAP, Rivadeneira F, Slagboom EP, Spector TD, Stolk L, Tsezou A, Uitterlinden AG, Valdes AM, van Meurs JBJ. Common genetic variation in the Estrogen Receptor Beta (ESR2) gene and osteoarthritis: results of a meta-analysis. BMC Med Genet 2010; 11:164. [PMID: 21080949 PMCID: PMC2997092 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between common genetic variation of the ESR2 gene and osteoarthritis. METHODS In the discovery study, the Rotterdam Study-I, 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped and tested for association with hip (284 cases, 2772 controls), knee (665 cases, 2075 controls), and hand OA (874 cases, 2184 controls) using an additive model. In the replication stage one SNP (rs1256031) was tested in an additional 2080 hip, 1318 knee and 557 hand OA cases and 4001, 2631 and 1699 controls respectively. Fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses were performed over the complete dataset including 2364 hip, 1983 knee and 1431 hand OA cases and approximately 6000 controls. RESULTS The C allele of rs1256031 was associated with a 36% increased odds of hip OA in women of the Rotterdam Study-I (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.08-1.70, p = 0.009). Haplotype analysis and analysis of knee- and hand OA did not give additional information. With the replication studies, the meta-analysis did not show a significant effect of this SNP on hip OA in the total population (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99-1.15, p = 0.10). Stratification according to gender did not change the results. In this study, we had 80% power to detect an odds ratio of at least 1.14 for hip OA (α = 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed that common genetic variation in the ESR2 gene is not likely to influence the risk of osteoarthritis with effects smaller than a 13% increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke J M Kerkhof
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Zillikens MC, van Meurs JBJ, Rivadeneira F, Hofman A, Oostra BA, Sijbrands EJG, Witteman JCM, Pols HAP, van Duijn CM, Uitterlinden AG. Interactions between dietary vitamin E intake and SIRT1 genetic variation influence body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:1387-93. [PMID: 20335544 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation in SIRT1 has been associated with body mass index (BMI) and risk of obesity. SIRT1 may be influenced by diet. OBJECTIVE We studied the gene-diet interaction on BMI at the SIRT1 locus. DESIGN In 4575 elderly men and women in the population-based Rotterdam Study, the effect on BMI of 3 SIRT1 genetic variants (rs7895833, rs1467568, and haplotype 1) was studied in relation to dietary intakes of energy, fat, calcium, milk, antioxidant vitamins, and niacin. RESULTS There was no difference in energy or fat intakes by SIRT1 genotype. Significant interactions for BMI were shown between SIRT1 genetic variants and intakes of fat, vitamin E, calcium, and milk. Only the interactions between vitamin E intake and rs1467568 and haplotype 1 remained significant (P < 0.001) after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Further analyses across vitamin E-intake tertiles showed highly significant associations of SIRT1 genetic variants with BMI in the lowest tertile [effect sizes (in kg/m(2)): 0.5-0.7 per allele copy; P = 1.9 x 10(-4)-5.7 x 10(-7)] with no associations in the higher tertiles. CONCLUSIONS Dietary vitamin E intake may modulate the relation of SIRT1 genetic variants with BMI. Associations of SIRT1 variants with BMI in the lowest tertile of vitamin E intake may be explained by low intake of this antioxidant vitamin or by other associated dietary or lifestyle habits. These data provide support that gene-diet interactions influence BMI. Replication of our findings and further in-depth studies of dietary patterns that modify SIRT1 may lead to clinical studies of dietary modification of SIRT1 to influence obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Room D428, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Monraats PS, Fang Y, Pons D, Pires NMM, Pols HAP, Zwinderman AH, de Maat MPM, Doevendans PA, DeWinter RJ, Tio RA, Waltenberger J, Frants RR, Quax PHA, van der Laarse A, van der Wall EE, Uitterlinden AG, Jukema JW. Vitamin D receptor: a new risk marker for clinical restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 14:243-51. [PMID: 20095921 DOI: 10.1517/14728220903520929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Restenosis is the main drawback of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Inherited factors may explain part of the risk of restenosis. Recently, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been shown to be involved not only in bone metabolism but also in modulating immune responses and cell proliferation. Since the inflammatory response is implicated in restenosis, VDR-gene variants could therefore contribute to the risk of restenosis. METHODS/RESULTS Systematic genotyping for 15 haplotype tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VDR gene was performed with the high throughput TaqMan allelic discrimination assays in the Genetic Determinants of Restenosis (GENDER) population. A haplotype-based survival analysis revealed an association of haplotypes in blocks 2, 3 and 4 of the VDR-gene with the risk of clinical restenosis (p-values 0.01, 0.04 and 0.02 respectively). After adjustment for clinical risk factors for restenosis, the individual effect of the block 2 AA haplotype (p = 0.011) persisted. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that VDR plays a role in restenosis after PCI. Therefore, VDR genotype may be used as risk marker for restenosis and may contribute to individual patient screening prior to PCI in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascalle S Monraats
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, C5-P, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Kerkhof HJM, Lories RJ, Meulenbelt I, Jonsdottir I, Valdes AM, Arp P, Ingvarsson T, Jhamai M, Jonsson H, Stolk L, Thorleifsson G, Zhai G, Zhang F, Zhu Y, van der Breggen R, Carr A, Doherty M, Doherty S, Felson DT, Gonzalez A, Halldorsson BV, Hart DJ, Hauksson VB, Hofman A, Ioannidis JPA, Kloppenburg M, Lane NE, Loughlin J, Luyten FP, Nevitt MC, Parimi N, Pols HAP, Rivadeneira F, Slagboom EP, Styrkársdóttir U, Tsezou A, van de Putte T, Zmuda J, Spector TD, Stefansson K, Uitterlinden AG, van Meurs JBJ. A genome-wide association study identifies an osteoarthritis susceptibility locus on chromosome 7q22. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:499-510. [PMID: 20112360 DOI: 10.1002/art.27184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify novel genes involved in osteoarthritis (OA), by means of a genome-wide association study. METHODS We tested 500,510 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1,341 Dutch Caucasian OA cases and 3,496 Dutch Caucasian controls. SNPs associated with at least 2 OA phenotypes were analyzed in 14,938 OA cases and approximately 39,000 controls. Meta-analyses were performed using the program Comprehensive Meta-analysis, with P values <1 x 10(-7) considered genome-wide significant. RESULTS The C allele of rs3815148 on chromosome 7q22 (minor allele frequency 23%; intron 12 of the COG5 gene) was associated with a 1.14-fold increased risk (95% confidence interval 1.09-1.19) of knee and/or hand OA (P = 8 x 10(-8)) and also with a 30% increased risk of knee OA progression (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.64) (P = 0.03). This SNP is in almost complete linkage disequilibrium with rs3757713 (68 kb upstream of GPR22), which is associated with GPR22 expression levels in lymphoblast cell lines (P = 4 x 10(-12)). Immunohistochemistry experiments revealed that G protein-coupled receptor protein 22 (GPR22) was absent in normal mouse articular cartilage or synovium. However, GPR22-positive chondrocytes were found in the upper layers of the articular cartilage of mouse knee joints that were challenged with in vivo papain treatment or methylated bovine serum albumin treatment. GPR22-positive chondrocyte-like cells were also found in osteophytes in instability-induced OA. CONCLUSION Our findings identify a novel common variant on chromosome 7q22 that influences susceptibility to prevalence and progression of OA. Since the GPR22 gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor, this is potentially an interesting therapeutic target.
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Zillikens MC, Uitterlinden AG, van Leeuwen JPTM, Berends AL, Henneman P, van Dijk KW, Oostra BA, van Duijn CM, Pols HAP, Rivadeneira F. The role of body mass index, insulin, and adiponectin in the relation between fat distribution and bone mineral density. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 86:116-25. [PMID: 19957167 PMCID: PMC2809303 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-009-9319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the positive association between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC), the role of fat distribution in BMD/BMC remains unclear. We examined relationships between BMD/BMC and various measurements of fat distribution and studied the role of BMI, insulin, and adiponectin in these relations. Using a cross-sectional investigation of 2631 participants from the Erasmus Rucphen Family study, we studied associations between BMD (using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA]) at the hip, lumbar spine, total body (BMD and BMC), and fat distribution by the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR), and DXA-based trunk-to-leg fat ratio and android-to-gynoid fat ratio. Analyses were stratified by gender and median age (48.0 years in women and 49.2 years in men) and were performed with and without adjustment for BMI, fasting insulin, and adiponectin. Using linear regression (adjusting for age, height, smoking, and use of alcohol), most relationships between fat distribution and BMD and BMC were positive, except for WTR. After BMI adjustment, most correlations were negative except for trunk-to-leg fat ratio in both genders. No consistent influence of age or menopausal status was found. Insulin and adiponectin levels did not explain either positive or negative associations. In conclusion, positive associations between android fat distribution and BMD/BMC are explained by higher BMI but not by higher insulin and/or lower adiponectin levels. Inverse associations after adjustment for BMI suggest that android fat deposition as measured by the WHR, WTR, and DXA-based android-to-gynoid fat ratio is not beneficial and possibly even deleterious for bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Zillikens MC, van Meurs JBJ, Rivadeneira F, Amin N, Hofman A, Oostra BA, Sijbrands EJG, Witteman JCM, Pols HAP, van Duijn CM, Uitterlinden AG. SIRT1 genetic variation is related to BMI and risk of obesity. Diabetes 2009; 58:2828-34. [PMID: 19741164 PMCID: PMC2780870 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SIRT1 has pleiotropic metabolic functions. We investigated whether SIRT1 genetic variation is associated with obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 6,251 elderly subjects from the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SIRT1 gene were studied in relation to BMI and risk of obesity (BMI > or =30 kg/m(2)) and prospectively with BMI change after 6.4 years of follow-up. We used cross-sectional data from 2,347 participants from the Erasmus Rucphen Family (ERF) study for replication. RESULTS Minor alleles of rs7895833 (G = 20.2%) and rs1467568 (A = 36.8%) were associated with lower BMI in the Rotterdam Study (P = 0.02 and 0.04) and in the replication cohort ERF study (P = 0.03 and 0.008) and in both studies combined (P = 0.002 for both SNPs), with a 0.2-0.4 kg/m(2) decrease in BMI per allele copy. Carriers of these alleles had 13-18% decreased risk of obesity (for rs7895833 in the Rotterdam Study: odds ratio 0.79 [95% CI 0.67-0.94], P = 0.007; in the ERF study: 0.93 [0.73-1.19], P = 0.37; and in the studies combined 0.87 [0.77-0.97], P = 0.02; for rs1467568 in the Rotterdam Study: 0.80 [0.68-0.94], P = 0.007; in the ERF study: 0.85 [0.72-0.99], P = 0.04; and in the studies combined: 0.82 [0.73-0.92], P = 0.0009). In the Rotterdam Study, the two variants were also associated with a lower BMI increase during 6.4 years of follow-up (P = 0.01 and 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Two common variants in SIRT1 are associated with lower BMI in two independent Dutch populations. Carriers of these variants have 13-18% decreased risk of obesity and gain less weight over time. The availability of SIRT1 stimulators makes these findings relevant in light of the growing obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Richards JB, Kavvoura FK, Rivadeneira F, Styrkársdóttir U, Estrada K, Halldórsson BV, Hsu YH, Zillikens MC, Wilson SG, Mullin BH, Amin N, Aulchenko YS, Cupples LA, Deloukas P, Demissie S, Hofman A, Kong A, Karasik D, van Meurs JB, Oostra BA, Pols HAP, Sigurdsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Soranzo N, Williams FMK, Zhou Y, Ralston SH, Thorleifsson G, van Duijn CM, Kiel DP, Stefansson K, Uitterlinden AG, Ioannidis JPA, Spector TD. Collaborative meta-analysis: associations of 150 candidate genes with osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. Ann Intern Med 2009; 151:528-37. [PMID: 19841454 PMCID: PMC2842981 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-151-8-200910200-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a highly heritable trait. Many candidate genes have been proposed as being involved in regulating bone mineral density (BMD). Few of these findings have been replicated in independent studies. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between BMD and fracture and all common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in previously proposed osteoporosis candidate genes. DESIGN Large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association data. SETTING 5 international, multicenter, population-based studies. PARTICIPANTS Data on BMD were obtained from 19 195 participants (14 277 women) from 5 populations of European origin. Data on fracture were obtained from a prospective cohort (n = 5974) from the Netherlands. MEASUREMENTS Systematic literature review using the Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator identified autosomal genes previously evaluated for association with osteoporosis. We explored the common SNPs arising from the haplotype map of the human genome (HapMap) across all these genes. BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fractures were defined as clinically apparent, site-specific, validated nonvertebral and vertebral low-energy fractures. RESULTS 150 candidate genes were identified and 36 016 SNPs in these loci were assessed. SNPs from 9 gene loci (ESR1, LRP4, ITGA1, LRP5, SOST, SPP1, TNFRSF11A, TNFRSF11B, and TNFSF11) were associated with BMD at either site. For most genes, no SNP was statistically significant. For statistically significant SNPs (n = 241), effect sizes ranged from 0.04 to 0.18 SD per allele. SNPs from the LRP5, SOST, SPP1, and TNFRSF11A loci were significantly associated with fracture risk; odds ratios ranged from 1.13 to 1.43 per allele. These effects on fracture were partially independent of BMD at SPP1 and SOST. LIMITATION Only common polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium with SNPs in HapMap could be assessed, and previously reported associations for SNPs in some candidate genes could not be excluded. CONCLUSION In this large-scale collaborative genome-wide meta-analysis, 9 of 150 candidate genes were associated with regulation of BMD, 4 of which also significantly affected risk for fracture. However, most candidate genes had no consistent association with BMD.
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Rivadeneira F, Styrkársdottir U, Estrada K, Halldórsson BV, Hsu YH, Richards JB, Zillikens MC, Kavvoura FK, Amin N, Aulchenko YS, Cupples LA, Deloukas P, Demissie S, Grundberg E, Hofman A, Kong A, Karasik D, van Meurs JB, Oostra B, Pastinen T, Pols HAP, Sigurdsson G, Soranzo N, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Williams FMK, Wilson SG, Zhou Y, Ralston SH, van Duijn CM, Spector T, Kiel DP, Stefansson K, Ioannidis JPA, Uitterlinden AG. Twenty bone-mineral-density loci identified by large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet 2009; 41:1199-206. [PMID: 19801982 PMCID: PMC2783489 DOI: 10.1038/ng.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a heritable complex trait used in the clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis and the assessment of fracture risk. We performed meta-analysis of five genome-wide association studies of femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD in 19,195 subjects of Northern European descent. We identified 20 BMD loci that reached genome-wide significance (GWS; P < 5 x 10(-8)), of which 13 map to regions not previously associated with this trait: 1p31.3 (GPR177), 2p21 (SPTBN1), 3p22 (CTNNB1), 4q21.1 (MEPE), 5q14 (MEF2C), 7p14 (STARD3NL), 7q21.3 (FLJ42280), 11p11.2 (LRP4, ARHGAP1, F2), 11p14.1 (DCDC5), 11p15 (SOX6), 16q24 (FOXL1), 17q21 (HDAC5) and 17q12 (CRHR1). The meta-analysis also confirmed at GWS level seven known BMD loci on 1p36 (ZBTB40), 6q25 (ESR1), 8q24 (TNFRSF11B), 11q13.4 (LRP5), 12q13 (SP7), 13q14 (TNFSF11) and 18q21 (TNFRSF11A). The many SNPs associated with BMD map to genes in signaling pathways with relevance to bone metabolism and highlight the complex genetic architecture that underlies osteoporosis and variation in BMD.
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Fang Y, van Meurs JBJ, Arp P, van Leeuwen JPT, Hofman A, Pols HAP, Uitterlinden AG. Vitamin D binding protein genotype and osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2009; 85:85-93. [PMID: 19488670 PMCID: PMC2729412 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-009-9251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone disease leading to an increased fracture risk. It is considered a complex multifactorial genetic disorder with interaction of environmental and genetic factors. As a candidate gene for osteoporosis, we studied vitamin D binding protein (DBP, or group-specific component, Gc), which binds to and transports vitamin D to target tissues to maintain calcium homeostasis through the vitamin D endocrine system. DBP can also be converted to DBP-macrophage activating factor (DBP-MAF), which mediates bone resorption by directly activating osteoclasts. We summarized the genetic linkage structure of the DBP gene. We genotyped two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs7041 = Glu416Asp and rs4588 = Thr420Lys) in 6,181 elderly Caucasians and investigated interactions of the DBP genotype with vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotype and dietary calcium intake in relation to fracture risk. Haplotypes of the DBP SNPs correspond to protein variations referred to as Gc1s (haplotype 1), Gc2 (haplotype 2), and Gc1f (haplotype3). In a subgroup of 1,312 subjects, DBP genotype was found to be associated with increased and decreased serum 25-(OH)D(3) for haplotype 1 (P = 3 x 10(-4)) and haplotype 2 (P = 3 x 10(-6)), respectively. Similar associations were observed for 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3). The DBP genotype was not significantly associated with fracture risk in the entire study population. Yet, we observed interaction between DBP and VDR haplotypes in determining fracture risk. In the DBP haplotype 1-carrier group, subjects of homozygous VDR block 5-haplotype 1 had 33% increased fracture risk compared to noncarriers (P = 0.005). In a subgroup with dietary calcium intake <1.09 g/day, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for fracture risk of DBP hap1-homozygote versus noncarrier was 1.47 (1.06-2.05). All associations were independent of age and gender. Our study demonstrated that the genetic effect of the DBP gene on fracture risk appears only in combination with other genetic and environmental risk factors for bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fang
- Genetic Laboratory, Room Ee575, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce B. J. van Meurs
- Genetic Laboratory, Room Ee575, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Arp
- Genetic Laboratory, Room Ee575, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes P. T. van Leeuwen
- Genetic Laboratory, Room Ee575, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert A. P. Pols
- Genetic Laboratory, Room Ee575, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Genetic Laboratory, Room Ee575, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Stolk L, Zhai G, van Meurs JBJ, Verbiest MMPJ, Visser JA, Estrada K, Rivadeneira F, Williams FM, Cherkas L, Deloukas P, Soranzo N, de Keyzer JJ, Pop VJM, Lips P, Lebrun CEI, van der Schouw YT, Grobbee DE, Witteman J, Hofman A, Pols HAP, Laven JSE, Spector TD, Uitterlinden AG. Loci at chromosomes 13, 19 and 20 influence age at natural menopause. Nat Genet 2009; 41:645-7. [PMID: 19448619 DOI: 10.1038/ng.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide association study for age at natural menopause in 2,979 European women and identified six SNPs in three loci associated with age at natural menopause: chromosome 19q13.4 (rs1172822; -0.4 year per T allele (39%); P = 6.3 × 10(-11)), chromosome 20p12.3 (rs236114; +0.5 year per A allele (21%); P = 9.7 × 10(-11)) and chromosome 13q34 (rs7333181; +0.5 year per A allele (12%); P = 2.5 × 10(-8)). These common genetic variants regulate timing of ovarian aging, an important risk factor for breast cancer, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Soranzo N, Rivadeneira F, Chinappen-Horsley U, Malkina I, Richards JB, Hammond N, Stolk L, Nica A, Inouye M, Hofman A, Stephens J, Wheeler E, Arp P, Gwilliam R, Jhamai PM, Potter S, Chaney A, Ghori MJR, Ravindrarajah R, Ermakov S, Estrada K, Pols HAP, Williams FM, McArdle WL, van Meurs JB, Loos RJF, Dermitzakis ET, Ahmadi KR, Hart DJ, Ouwehand WH, Wareham NJ, Barroso I, Sandhu MS, Strachan DP, Livshits G, Spector TD, Uitterlinden AG, Deloukas P. Meta-analysis of genome-wide scans for human adult stature identifies novel Loci and associations with measures of skeletal frame size. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000445. [PMID: 19343178 PMCID: PMC2661236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide (GW) scans have identified several independent loci affecting human stature, but their contribution through the different skeletal components of height is still poorly understood. We carried out a genome-wide scan in 12,611 participants, followed by replication in an additional 7,187 individuals, and identified 17 genomic regions with GW-significant association with height. Of these, two are entirely novel (rs11809207 in CATSPER4, combined P-value = 6.1×10−8 and rs910316 in TMED10, P-value = 1.4×10−7) and two had previously been described with weak statistical support (rs10472828 in NPR3, P-value = 3×10−7 and rs849141 in JAZF1, P-value = 3.2×10−11). One locus (rs1182188 at GNA12) identifies the first height eQTL. We also assessed the contribution of height loci to the upper- (trunk) and lower-body (hip axis and femur) skeletal components of height. We find evidence for several loci associated with trunk length (including rs6570507 in GPR126, P-value = 4×10−5 and rs6817306 in LCORL, P-value = 4×10−4), hip axis length (including rs6830062 at LCORL, P-value = 4.8×10−4 and rs4911494 at UQCC, P-value = 1.9×10−4), and femur length (including rs710841 at PRKG2, P-value = 2.4×10−5 and rs10946808 at HIST1H1D, P-value = 6.4×10−6). Finally, we used conditional analyses to explore a possible differential contribution of the height loci to these different skeletal size measurements. In addition to validating four novel loci controlling adult stature, our study represents the first effort to assess the contribution of genetic loci to three skeletal components of height. Further statistical tests in larger numbers of individuals will be required to verify if the height loci affect height preferentially through these subcomponents of height. The first genetic association studies of adult height have confirmed a role of many common variants in influencing human height, but to date, the genetic basis of differences between different skeletal components of height have not been addressed. Here, we take advantage of recent technical and methodological advances to examine the role of common genetic variants on both height and skeletal components of height. By examining nearly 20,000 individuals from the UK and the Netherlands, we provide statistically significant evidence that 17 genomic regions are associated with height, including four novel regions. We also examine, for the first time, the association of these 17 regions with skeletal size measurements of spine, femur, and hip axis length, a measurement of hip geometry known to influence the risk of osteoporotic fractures. We find that some height loci are also associated with these skeletal components, although further statistical tests will be required to verify if these genetic variants act differentially on the individual skeletal measurements. The knowledge generated by this and other studies will not only inform the genetics of human quantitative variation, but will also lead to the potential discovery of many medically important polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Usha Chinappen-Horsley
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ida Malkina
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naomi Hammond
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Nica
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Inouye
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Stephens
- Department of Haematology of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Arp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rhian Gwilliam
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - P. Mila Jhamai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Potter
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Chaney
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed J. R. Ghori
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Radhi Ravindrarajah
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey Ermakov
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert A. P. Pols
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frances M. Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy L. McArdle
- ALSPAC Laboratory, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Joyce B. van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kourosh R. Ahmadi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J. Hart
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Willem H. Ouwehand
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Barroso
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Manjinder S. Sandhu
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David P. Strachan
- Division of Community Health Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- ¶ These authors also contributed equally to this work
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ¶ These authors also contributed equally to this work
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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van Meurs JBJ, Uitterlinden AG, Stolk L, Kerkhof HJM, Hofman A, Pols HAP, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA. A functional polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene is associated with osteoarthritis-related pain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:628-9. [PMID: 19180497 DOI: 10.1002/art.24175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zillikens MC, van Meurs JBJ, Sijbrands EJG, Rivadeneira F, Dehghan A, van Leeuwen JPTM, Hofman A, van Duijn CM, Witteman JCM, Uitterlinden AG, Pols HAP. SIRT1 genetic variation and mortality in type 2 diabetes: interaction with smoking and dietary niacin. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:836-41. [PMID: 19167483 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SIRT1 protects cells against oxidative stress and aging. Its activity may be modulated by dietary niacin (vitamin B3) intake. We studied the association of SIRT1 genetic variation with mortality in subjects with increased oxidative stress (type 2 diabetes and smokers) in relation to dietary niacin. In 4573 participants from the Rotterdam Study, including 413 subjects with prevalent and 378 with incident type 2 diabetes, three SIRT1 tagging SNPs were genotyped and all-cause mortality was studied (average follow-up 12 years). We found no association between SIRT1 variation and mortality in the total population or in smokers. In subjects with prevalent type 2 diabetes, homozygous carriers of the most common SIRT1 haplotype, 1, had 1.5 times (95%CI 1.1-2.1) increased mortality risk compared to noncarriers. This risk further increased among smokers and those with low niacin intake. In the lowest tertile of niacin intake, mortality risk was increased 2.3 (95%CI 1.1-4.9) and 5.7 (95%CI 2.5-13.1) times for heterozygous and homozygous carriers of haplotype 1. Subjects with incident diabetes showed similar findings but only when they smoked. We conclude that in subjects with type 2 diabetes, SIRT1 genetic variation influences survival in interaction with dietary niacin and smoking. Correction of niacin deficiency and SIRT1 modulators may prolong the life span of patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Sie MPS, Mattace-Raso FUS, Uitterlinden AG, Arp PP, Hofman A, Pols HAP, Hoeks APG, Reneman RS, Asmar R, van Duijn CM, Witteman JCM. The interleukin-6-174 G/C promoter polymorphism and arterial stiffness; the Rotterdam Study. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2009; 4:863-9. [PMID: 19066003 PMCID: PMC2597771 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness normally increases with age and has been established as a precursor of cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-6 is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine with an important role in the inflammatory cascade, such as up-regulation of C-reactive protein (CRP). The interleukin-6 –174-G/C promoter polymorphism appears to influence levels of inflammatory markers, which have been shown to be associated with arterial stiffness. We studied the association of this polymorphism with levels of interleukin-6 and CRP and with arterial stiffness. The study (n = 3849) was embedded in the Rotterdam Study, a prospective, population-based study. Analyses on the association between the –174-G/C polymorphism and pulse wave velocity, distensibility coefficient, and pulse pressure were performed using analyses of variance. Analyses on the levels of inflammatory markers and arterial stiffness were performed using linear regression analyses. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, known cardiovascular risk factors, and atherosclerosis. We found pulse wave velocity to be 0.35 m/s higher for CC-homozygotes vs. wildtype GG-homozygotes (p = 0.018) with evidence for an allele-dose effect (p trend = 0.013), and a similar pattern for pulse pressure (p trend = 0.041). No apparent consistent association with the distensibility coefficient was found. CRP levels were associated with pulse wave velocity (p = 0.007). In conclusion, the interleukin-6 –174 G/C polymorphism is associated with increased arterial stiffness and pulse pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P S Sie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Zillikens MC, Yazdanpanah M, Pardo LM, Rivadeneira F, Aulchenko YS, Oostra BA, Uitterlinden AG, Pols HAP, van Duijn CM. Sex-specific genetic effects influence variation in body composition. Diabetologia 2008; 51:2233-41. [PMID: 18839131 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Despite well-known sex differences in body composition it is not known whether sex-specific genetic or environmental effects contribute to these differences. METHODS We assessed body composition in 2,506 individuals, from a young Dutch genetic isolate participating in the Erasmus Rucphen Family study, by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry. We used variance decomposition procedures to partition variation of body composition into genetic and environmental components common to both sexes and to men and women separately and calculated the correlation between genetic components in men and women. RESULTS After accounting for age, sex and inbreeding, heritability ranged from 0.39 for fat mass index to 0.84 for height. We found sex-specific genetic effects for fat percentage (fat%), lean mass, lean mass index (LMI) and fat distribution, but not for BMI and height. Genetic correlations between sexes were significantly different from 1 for fat%, lean mass, LMI, android fat, android:gynoid fat ratio and WHR, indicating that there are sex-specific genes contributing to variation of these traits. Genetic variance was significantly higher in women for the waist, hip and thigh circumference and WHR, implying that genes account for more variance of fat distribution in women than in men. Environmental variance was significantly higher in men for the android:gynoid fat ratio. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Sex-specific genetic effects underlie sexual dimorphism in several body composition traits. The findings are relevant for studies on the relationship of body composition with common diseases like cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes and for genetic association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Vaes RBA, Rivadeneira F, Kerkhof JM, Hofman A, Pols HAP, Uitterlinden AG, van Meurs JBJ. Genetic variation in the GDF5 region is associated with osteoarthritis, height, hip axis length and fracture risk: the Rotterdam study. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 68:1754-60. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2008.099655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dekker MJHJ, Koper JW, van Aken MO, Pols HAP, Hofman A, de Jong FH, Kirschbaum C, Witteman JCM, Lamberts SWJ, Tiemeier H. Salivary cortisol is related to atherosclerosis of carotid arteries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:3741-7. [PMID: 18682510 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has been suggested as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether two markers of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, the level of salivary cortisol and the diurnal salivary cortisol pattern, are associated with atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries in an elderly population. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 1866 participants of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study in the elderly, provided four salivary cortisol samples throughout 1 d, and underwent ultrasonography to examine the presence of plaques in the common, internal, and bifurcation sites of both carotid arteries. Two summary measures of the separate cortisol values were computed: area under the curve (AUC), which is a measure of total cortisol exposure while awake; and the slope, which is a measure of diurnal cortisol decline. RESULTS Total cortisol exposure while awake (AUC) was associated with higher plaque scores (beta = 0.08 per sd of AUC, 95% confidence interval 0.00-0.16; P = 0.04) in a fully adjusted linear regression model. Persons with an AUC in the highest tertile had a higher number of plaques of carotid arteries compared with those in the lowest tertile (3.08 vs. 2.80, 95% confidence interval of difference 0.09-0.48; P = 0.005). There was no relation between diurnal cortisol decline and plaque score. CONCLUSION Our results support the hypothesis that increased total cortisol exposure is independently associated with atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J H J Dekker
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Hooft CS, Schoofs MWCJ, Ziere G, Hofman A, Pols HAP, Sturkenboom MCJM, Stricker BHC. Inappropriate benzodiazepine use in older adults and the risk of fracture. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 66:276-82. [PMID: 18460035 PMCID: PMC2492915 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The Beers criteria for prescribing in elderly are well known and used for many drug utilization studies. We investigated the clinical value of the Beers criteria for benzodiazepine use, notably the association between inappropriate use and risk of fracture. METHODS We performed a nested case-control study within the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study in 7983 elderly. The proportion of 'inappropriate' benzodiazepine use according to the Beers criteria was compared between fracture patients and controls. 'Inappropriate' use for elderly implies use of some long-acting benzodiazepines and some intermediate/short-acting ones exceeding a suggested maximum daily dose. Also, alternative criteria were applied to compare the risk of fracture. Cases were defined as persons with incident fracture between 1991 and 2002 who were current benzodiazepine users on the fracture date. Controls were matched on fracture date and were also current benzodiazepine users. RESULTS The risk of fracture in 'inappropriate' benzodiazepine users according to the Beers criteria was not significantly different from 'appropriate' users [odds ratio (OR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72, 1.60]. However, a significantly higher risk of fracture was found in 'high dose' users and a longer duration of use (14-90 days), irrespective of the type of benzodiazepine (OR 3.45, 95% CI 1.38, 8.59). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that inappropriate benzodiazepine use according to the Beers criteria is not associated with increased risk of fracture. Daily dose and longer duration of use (>14 days) is associated with higher risk of fracture, irrespective of the type of benzodiazepine prescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis S van der Hooft
- Pharmaco-epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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de Bekker-Grob EW, Essink-Bot ML, Meerding WJ, Pols HAP, Koes BW, Steyerberg EW. Patients' preferences for osteoporosis drug treatment: a discrete choice experiment. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19:1029-37. [PMID: 18193329 PMCID: PMC2440927 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-007-0535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Active case finding for osteoporosis is used to identify patients at high fracture risk who may benefit from preventive drug treatment. We investigated the relative weight that women place on various aspects of preventive drugs in a discrete choice experiment. Our patients said they were prepared to take preventive drugs even if side effects were expected. INTRODUCTION Active case finding for osteoporosis is used to identify patients who may benefit from preventive drugs. We aimed to elicit the relative weight that patients place on various aspects of preventive drug treatment for osteoporosis. METHODS We designed a discrete choice experiment, in which women had to choose between drug profiles that differed in five treatment attributes: effectiveness, side effects (nausea), total treatment duration, route of drug administration, and out-of-pocket costs. We included 120 women aged 60 years and older, identified by osteoporosis case finding in 34 general practices in the Netherlands. A conditional logit regression model was used to analyse the relative importance of treatment attributes, the trade-offs that women were willing to make between attributes, and their willingness to pay. RESULTS All treatment attributes proved to be important for women's choices. A reduction of the relative 10-year risk of hip fracture by 40% or more by the drug was considered to compensate for nausea as a side effect. Women were prepared to pay an out-of-pocket contribution for the currently available drug treatment (bisphosphonate) if the fracture risk reduction was at least 12%. CONCLUSIONS Women identified by active osteoporosis case finding stated to be prepared to take preventive drugs, even if side effects were expected and some out-of-pocket contribution was required.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W de Bekker-Grob
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Richards JB, Rivadeneira F, Inouye M, Pastinen TM, Soranzo N, Wilson SG, Andrew T, Falchi M, Gwilliam R, Ahmadi KR, Valdes AM, Arp P, Whittaker P, Verlaan DJ, Jhamai M, Kumanduri V, Moorhouse M, van Meurs JB, Hofman A, Pols HAP, Hart D, Zhai G, Kato BS, Mullin BH, Zhang F, Deloukas P, Uitterlinden AG, Spector TD. Bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and osteoporotic fractures: a genome-wide association study. Lancet 2008; 371:1505-12. [PMID: 18455228 PMCID: PMC2679414 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is diagnosed by the measurement of bone mineral density, which is a highly heritable and multifactorial trait. We aimed to identify genetic loci that are associated with bone mineral density. METHODS In this genome-wide association study, we identified the most promising of 314 075 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2094 women in a UK study. We then tested these SNPs for replication in 6463 people from three other cohorts in western Europe. We also investigated allelic expression in lymphoblast cell lines. We tested the association between the replicated SNPs and osteoporotic fractures with data from two studies. FINDINGS We identified genome-wide evidence for an association between bone mineral density and two SNPs (p<5x10(-8)). The SNPs were rs4355801, on chromosome 8, near to the TNFRSF11B (osteoprotegerin) gene, and rs3736228, on chromosome 11 in the LRP5 (lipoprotein-receptor-related protein) gene. A non-synonymous SNP in the LRP5 gene was associated with decreased bone mineral density (rs3736228, p=6.3x10(-12) for lumbar spine and p=1.9x10(-4) for femoral neck) and an increased risk of both osteoporotic fractures (odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% CI 1.09-1.52, p=0.002) and osteoporosis (OR 1.3, 1.08-1.63, p=0.008). Three SNPs near the TNFRSF11B gene were associated with decreased bone mineral density (top SNP, rs4355801: p=7.6x10(-10) for lumbar spine and p=3.3x10(-8) for femoral neck) and increased risk of osteoporosis (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.01-1.42, p=0.038). For carriers of the risk allele at rs4355801, expression of TNFRSF11B in lymphoblast cell lines was halved (p=3.0x10(-6)). 1883 (22%) of 8557 people were at least heterozygous for these risk alleles, and these alleles had a cumulative association with bone mineral density (trend p=2.3x10(-17)). The presence of both risk alleles increased the risk of osteoporotic fractures (OR 1.3, 1.08-1.63, p=0.006) and this effect was independent of bone mineral density. INTERPRETATION Two gene variants of key biological proteins increase the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. The combined effect of these risk alleles on fractures is similar to that of most well-replicated environmental risk factors, and they are present in more than one in five white people, suggesting a potential role in screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- JB Richards
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Inouye
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - TM Pastinen
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - N Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - SG Wilson
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia
| | - T Andrew
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Falchi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Gwilliam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - KR Ahmadi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - AM Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Arp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Whittaker
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - DJ Verlaan
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Jhamai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - V Kumanduri
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - M Moorhouse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - JB van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - HAP Pols
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - D Hart
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Zhai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - BS Kato
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - BH Mullin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia
| | - F Zhang
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - AG Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - TD Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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Langdahl BL, Uitterlinden AG, Ralston SH, Trikalinos TA, Balcells S, Brandi ML, Scollen S, Lips P, Lorenc R, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Reid DM, Armas JB, Arp PP, Bassiti A, Bustamante M, Husted LB, Carey AH, Pérez Cano R, Dobnig H, Dunning AM, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Falchetti A, Karczmarewicz E, Kruk M, van Leeuwen JPTM, Masi L, van Meurs JBJ, Mangion J, McGuigan FEA, Mellibovsky L, Mosekilde L, Nogués X, Pols HAP, Reeve J, Renner W, Rivadeneira F, van Schoor NM, Ioannidis JPA. Large-scale analysis of association between polymorphisms in the transforming growth factor beta 1 gene (TGFB1) and osteoporosis: the GENOMOS study. Bone 2008; 42:969-81. [PMID: 18284942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The TGFB1 gene which encodes transforming growth factor beta 1, is a strong candidate for susceptibility to osteoporosis and several studies have reported associations between bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporotic fractures and polymorphisms of TGFB1, although these studies have yielded conflicting results. METHODS We investigated associations between TGFB1 polymorphisms and BMD and fracture in the GENOMOS study: a prospective multicenter study involving 10 European research studies including a total of 28,924 participants. Genotyping was conducted for known TGFB1 polymorphisms at the following sites: G-1639-A (G-800-A, rs1800468), C-1348-T (C-509-T, rs1800469), T29-C (Leu10Pro, rs1982073), G74-C (Arg25Pro, rs1800471) and C788-T (Thr263Ile, rs1800472). These polymorphisms were genotyped prospectively and methodology was standardized across research centers. Genotypes and haplotypes were related to BMD at the lumbar sine and femoral neck and fractures. RESULTS There were no significant differences in either women or men at either skeletal site for any of the examined polymorphisms with the possible exception of a weak association with reduced BMD (-12 mg/cm2) in men with the T-1348 allele (p<0.05). None of the haplotypes was associated with BMD and none of the polymorphisms or haplotypes significantly affected overall risk of fractures, however, the odds ratio for incident vertebral fracture in carriers of the rare T788 allele was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.09-2.64), p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that polymorphic variation in the TGFB1 gene does not play a major role in regulating BMD or susceptibility to fractures. The weak associations we observed between the C-1348-T and lumbar spine BMD in men and between C788-T and risk of incident vertebral fractures are of interest but could be chance findings and will need replication in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente L Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Botter SM, van Osch GJVM, Waarsing JH, van der Linden JC, Verhaar JAN, Pols HAP, van Leeuwen JPTM, Weinans H. Cartilage damage pattern in relation to subchondral plate thickness in a collagenase-induced model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16:506-14. [PMID: 17900935 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/04/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To see how initial differences in subchondral bone phenotype influence the development of cartilage damage and changes in subchondral bone architecture in an osteoarthritis (OA)-induced mouse model. METHOD Intra-articular collagenase injections (right knee joint) and saline controls (left knee joint) were applied in the knees of two mouse strains known to have either a low or a high bone mass phenotype: the low bone mass C57Bl/6 mice with a thin subchondral bone plate and high bone mass C3H/HeJ mice with a thick subchondral bone plate. The ages of the mice were 16 and 30 weeks, with n=8 per group. The collagenase injection induced an osteoarthritic phenotype that was evaluated 4 weeks later in the tibia using histological analyses and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). RESULTS Both strains developed cartilage damage in the collagenase-injected right knee joints to a comparable extent, however, the spatial distribution of cartilage damage differed significantly: C57Bl/6 mice had most damage at the postero-lateral side, whereas in C3H/HeJ mice the postero-medial region was the most affected. Spontaneous cartilage damage was found in the saline-injected left control knees of C57Bl/6 mice, but in C3H/HeJ mice spontaneous cartilage damage was virtually absent. In both strains the subchondral bone plate of collagenase-injected joints became thinner, independent of the site of cartilage damage. TRAP-positive osteoclasts were observed underneath the subchondral bone plate, in line with the observed decreased thickness. No link was found between subchondral bone plate thickness and cartilage damage in the collagenase-injected joints. The subchondral trabecular architecture only changed in the high bone mass C3H/HeJ mice, with thinning of trabeculae and increased trabecular spacing. CONCLUSION Thinning of the subchondral bone plate was found as a common observation 4 weeks after OA had been induced in two strains of mice having either a high or low bone phenotype, but no relation was found with the amount of cartilage damage. In addition, this study shows that different strains of mice can react differently to instability-induced OA with respect to the spatial arrangement of cartilage damage and changes in subchondral trabecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Botter
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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van Meurs JBJ, Trikalinos TA, Ralston SH, Balcells S, Brandi ML, Brixen K, Kiel DP, Langdahl BL, Lips P, Ljunggren O, Lorenc R, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Ohlsson C, Pettersson U, Reid DM, Rousseau F, Scollen S, Van Hul W, Agueda L, Akesson K, Benevolenskaya LI, Ferrari SL, Hallmans G, Hofman A, Husted LB, Kruk M, Kaptoge S, Karasik D, Karlsson MK, Lorentzon M, Masi L, McGuigan FEA, Mellström D, Mosekilde L, Nogues X, Pols HAP, Reeve J, Renner W, Rivadeneira F, van Schoor NM, Weber K, Ioannidis JPA, Uitterlinden AG. Large-scale analysis of association between LRP5 and LRP6 variants and osteoporosis. JAMA 2008; 299:1277-90. [PMID: 18349089 PMCID: PMC3282142 DOI: 10.1001/jama.299.11.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene cause rare syndromes characterized by altered bone mineral density (BMD). More common LRP5 variants may affect osteoporosis risk in the general population. OBJECTIVE To generate large-scale evidence on whether 2 common variants of LRP5 (Val667Met, Ala1330Val) and 1 variant of LRP6 (Ile1062Val) are associated with BMD and fracture risk. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective, multicenter, collaborative study of individual-level data on 37,534 individuals from 18 participating teams in Europe and North America. Data were collected between September 2004 and January 2007; analysis of the collected data was performed between February and May 2007. Bone mineral density was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fractures were identified via questionnaire, medical records, or radiographic documentation; incident fracture data were available for some cohorts, ascertained via routine surveillance methods, including radiographic examination for vertebral fractures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and femoral neck; prevalence of all fractures and vertebral fractures. RESULTS The Met667 allele of LRP5 was associated with reduced lumbar spine BMD (n = 25,052 [number of participants with available data]; 20-mg/cm2 lower BMD per Met667 allele copy; P = 3.3 x 10(-8)), as was the Val1330 allele (n = 24,812; 14-mg/cm2 lower BMD per Val1330 copy; P = 2.6 x 10(-9)). Similar effects were observed for femoral neck BMD, with a decrease of 11 mg/cm2 (P = 3.8 x 10(-5)) and 8 mg/cm2 (P = 5.0 x 10(-6)) for the Met667 and Val1330 alleles, respectively (n = 25 193). Findings were consistent across studies for both LRP5 alleles. Both alleles were associated with vertebral fractures (odds ratio [OR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.47 for Met667 [2001 fractures among 20 488 individuals] and OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.24 for Val1330 [1988 fractures among 20,096 individuals]). Risk of all fractures was also increased with Met667 (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.24 per allele [7876 fractures among 31,435 individuals)]) and Val1330 (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12 per allele [7802 fractures among 31 199 individuals]). Effects were similar when adjustments were made for age, weight, height, menopausal status, and use of hormone therapy. Fracture risks were partly attenuated by adjustment for BMD. Haplotype analysis indicated that Met667 and Val1330 variants both independently affected BMD. The LRP6 Ile1062Val polymorphism was not associated with any osteoporosis phenotype. All aforementioned associations except that between Val1330 and all fractures and vertebral fractures remained significant after multiple-comparison adjustments. CONCLUSIONS Common LRP5 variants are consistently associated with BMD and fracture risk across different white populations. The magnitude of the effect is modest. LRP5 may be the first gene to reach a genome-wide significance level (a conservative level of significance [herein, unadjusted P < 10(-7)] that accounts for the many possible comparisons in the human genome) for a phenotype related to osteoporosis.
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de Voogd S, Wolfs RCW, Jansonius NM, Uitterlinden AG, Pols HAP, Hofman A, de Jong PTVM. Estrogen receptors alpha and beta and the risk of open-angle glaucoma: the Rotterdam Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 126:110-4. [PMID: 18195227 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.126.1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2) genes were a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma (OAG). METHODS Participants 55 years and older from the population-based Rotterdam Study underwent, at baseline and at follow-up, the same ophthalmic examination, including visual field screening and stereo optic disc photography. A diagnosis of OAG was based on an algorithm using optic disc measures and visual field loss. Haplotypes of the ESR1 and ESR2 genes were determined. RESULTS We diagnosed incident OAG in 87 of 3842 participants (2.3%) at risk after a mean follow-up of 6.5 years. We could not detect any association with ESR1 haplotypes. Haplotype 1 of ESR2 showed a 3.6-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.4-9.2) higher risk of incident OAG in men. In women, no association was found between ESR2 and incident OAG. CONCLUSION Polymorphisms in the ESR1 gene are unrelated to OAG, but ESR2 polymorphisms seem to lead to increased risk of OAG in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Voogd
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Deure WM, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Pols HAP, Peeters RP, Visser TJ. Effects of serum TSH and FT4 levels and the TSHR-Asp727Glu polymorphism on bone: the Rotterdam Study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008; 68:175-81. [PMID: 17803697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TSH and thyroid hormone may have independent effects on bone. In this study we investigated the association of TSH and free T4 (FT4) with different bone parameters in human subjects. TSH and FT4 are known to be associated with body mass index (BMI) and a higher BMI gives a higher bone mineral density (BMD). Thus, we aimed to determine whether the effects of TSH and FT4 on bone are mediated by BMI. As TSH exerts its biological effect through the TSH receptor (TSHR), the TSHR gene might be a candidate gene affecting bone mass. The TSHR-Asp727Glu polymorphism is associated with lower TSH levels. We therefore examined the association of this polymorphism with bone parameters. METHOD Genotypes were determined by Taqman assay in 4934 elderly Caucasian men and women of the Rotterdam Study, of whom BMD and bone geometry data were available. Serum thyroid parameters were available in a random set of 1327 subjects. RESULTS Femoral neck BMD as well as narrow neck BMD and cortical thickness increased with serum TSH. However, FT4 was more strongly and negatively associated with bone parameters. Regression models showed BMI-dependent and -independent effects of both TSH and FT4 on bone. Carriers of the TSHR-Glu(727) allele had a 2.3% higher femoral neck BMD. CONCLUSION In line with the effect of TSH on bone in mice, serum TSH shows a positive trend with BMD in human subjects, a finding that is strengthened by the association between the TSHR-Asp727Glu polymorphism and femoral neck BMD. However, serum FT4 has a much greater influence on bone than TSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M van der Deure
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Stolk L, van Meurs JBJ, Arp PP, Hofman A, Pols HAP, Uitterlinden AG. The RIZ Pro704 insertion-deletion polymorphism, bone mineral density and fracture risk: the Rotterdam study. Bone 2008; 42:286-93. [PMID: 18037365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens play a major role in the maintenance of bone and bone strength, and they exert their effects via estrogen receptors. Recently, an estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) specific co-activator, retinoblastoma-interacting zinc-finger protein (RIZ1, 1p36), was shown to strongly enhance ESR1 function in vitro. The same study showed that a Proline insertion-deletion polymorphism at amino acid position 704 (Pro704 ins/del) in the RIZ1 gene was associated with heel BMD in young Swedish women. We tested the relation between the RIZ1 Pro704 ins/del polymorphism and BMD and fracture risk in Caucasian elderly men and women of the Rotterdam study. We also examined whether estradiol levels (measured in a subset) or genetic variation in ESR1 influenced this relation. In 2424 men and 3517 women from the Rotterdam study, RIZ1 genotypes were determined and associations with BMD (lumbar spine and femoral neck) and fracture risk were analysed. We recorded 374 vertebral fractures at baseline and during 6.4+/-0.4 (SD) years of follow-up, and 1219 incident non-vertebral fractures during 7.4+/-3.3 (SD) years of follow-up. The allele frequency of the Pro704 insertion was 41%, the genotype distribution was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (P=0.94). We found no association of this polymorphism with BMD or fracture risk. Stratification for gender, estradiol levels or interaction with ESR1 risk haplotype did not change these results. In conclusion, in this large study we observed no association of the RIZ1 Pro704 insertion-deletion polymorphism with BMD or fracture risk. This suggests this polymorphism to play a minor role, if any, as a genetic determinant of osteoporosis in elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Velde N, Meerding WJ, Looman CW, Pols HAP, van der Cammen TJM. Cost Effectiveness of Withdrawal of Fall-Risk-Increasing Drugs in Geriatric Outpatients. Drugs Aging 2008; 25:521-9. [DOI: 10.2165/00002512-200825060-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Yazdanpanah N, Zillikens MC, Rivadeneira F, de Jong R, Lindemans J, Uitterlinden AG, Pols HAP, van Meurs JBJ. Effect of dietary B vitamins on BMD and risk of fracture in elderly men and women: the Rotterdam study. Bone 2007; 41:987-94. [PMID: 17936100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 08/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A mildly elevated homocysteine (Hcy) level is a novel and potentially modifiable risk factor for age-related osteoporotic fractures. Elevated Hcy levels can have a nutritional cause, such as inadequate intake of folate, riboflavin, pyridoxine or cobalamin, which serve as cofactors or substrates for the enzymes involved in the Hcy metabolism. We examined the association between intake of Hcy-related B vitamin (riboflavin, pyridoxine, folate and cobalamin) and femoral neck bone mineral density BMD (FN-BMD) and the risk of fracture in a large population-based cohort of elderly Caucasians. We studied 5304 individuals aged 55 years and over from the Rotterdam Study. Dietary intake of nutrients was obtained from food frequency questionnaires. Incident non-vertebral fractures were recorded during a mean follow-up period of 7.4 years, and vertebral fractures were assessed by X-rays during a mean follow-up period of 6.4 years. We observed a small but significant positive association between dietary pyridoxine (beta = 0.09, p = 1 x 10(-8)) and riboflavin intake (beta = 0.06, p = 0.002) and baseline FN-BMD. In addition, after controlling for gender, age and BMI, pyridoxine intake was inversely correlated to fracture risk. As compared to the three lowest quartiles, individuals in the highest quartile of age- and energy-adjusted dietary pyridoxine intake had a decreased risk of non-vertebral fractures (HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65-0.92, p = 0.005) and of fragility fractures (HR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.40-0.77, p = 0.0004). Further adjustments for other dietary B vitamins (riboflavin, folate and cobalamin), dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin A and vitamin K, protein and energy intake, smoking and BMD did not essentially modify these results. We conclude that increased dietary riboflavin and pyridoxine intake was associated with higher FN-BMD. Furthermore, we found a reduction in risk of fracture in relation to dietary pyridoxine intake independent of BMD. These findings highlight the importance of considering nutritional factors in epidemiological studies of osteoporosis and fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Yazdanpanah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Piersma D, Verhoef-Post M, Look MP, Uitterlinden AG, Pols HAP, Berns EMJJ, Themmen APN. Polymorphic variations in exon 10 of the luteinizing hormone receptor: functional consequences and associations with breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 276:63-70. [PMID: 17709176 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphic variation of the LHR gene may affect receptor function and accordingly may influence ovarian steroid hormone action, including steroid hormone-dependent clinical outcome. The functional effects of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), i.e. LHR 291Asn/Ser (rs12470652) and 312Ser/Asn (rs2293275) in the biologically interesting exon 10 of the LHR gene are described. Furthermore, ethnic diversity in allele frequencies and genotype distributions of both SNPs was determined. In addition associations with breast cancer were studied in 751 breast cancer patients. In vitro transfection studies revealed altered glycosylation status and increased receptor sensitivity for the 291Ser LHR variant. No functional consequences were observed for the 312SerAsn LHR SNP. The LHR 312Asn allele was slightly more often present in two independent breast cancer patient cohorts as compared to controls (OR=1.15; p=0.03 and 1.26; p=0.001, respectively). In conclusion, although functional changes of the LHR 291Ser candidate allele were observed, no associations with breast cancer were found, while the LHR 312Asn allele can be regarded as a weak breast cancer risk allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djura Piersma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Visser LE, van Schaik RHN, Jan Danser AH, Hofman A, Witteman JCM, van Duijn CM, Uitterlinden AG, Pols HAP, Stricker BHC. The risk of myocardial infarction in patients with reduced activity of cytochrome P450 2C9. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2007; 17:473-9. [PMID: 17558303 DOI: 10.1097/01.fpc.0000236335.57046.c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present follow-up study was to investigate whether the enzyme activity of the human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isoenzyme is associated with myocardial infarction. METHODS We investigated whether the variant alleles CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 or the use of CYP2C9 substrates or inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction in 2210 men and 3534 women from the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study of individuals aged 55 years or older. RESULTS In women, the use of CYP2C9 substrates or inhibitors was significantly associated with incident myocardial infarction with a hazard ratio of 2.48 (95% confidence interval: 1.55-3.96). Within the group of female carriers of a variant allele, the use of CYP2C9 substrates or inhibitors was associated with a fourfold increased risk of myocardial infarction (hazard ratio 3.86, 95% confidence interval: 1.93-7.75), as compared with non-use. Neither the use of CYP2C9 inhibitors or substrates nor the variant CYP2C9 alleles were associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction in men. CONCLUSIONS Drugs that are metabolized by CYP2C9 increase the risk of myocardial infarction in women. This risk was even higher in women with allelic variants of CYP2C9 with reduced enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes E Visser
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Stolk L, van Meurs JBJ, Jhamai M, Arp PP, van Leeuwen JPT, Hofman A, de Jong FH, Pols HAP, Uitterlinden AG. The catechol-O-methyltransferase Met158 low-activity allele and association with nonvertebral fracture risk in elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:3206-12. [PMID: 17504906 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Because sex steroids play an important role in bone development, variants in genes encoding proteins involved in estrogen synthesis and metabolism could contribute to interindividual variation in bone parameters and fracture risk. An example is catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an estrogen-degrading enzyme involved in inactivation of catechol-estrogens. Its gene contains a functional valine to methionine substitution at codon 158. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to determine whether this polymorphism is associated with bone parameters and fracture risk in elderly subjects. METHODS COMT genotypes were determined using TaqMan allelic discrimination in 2515 men and 3554 women from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study of individuals aged 55 and older. Associations with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone loss were analyzed using ANOVA or analysis of covariance, whereas fracture risk was analyzed using Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis. COMT mRNA expression in three osteoblastic cell lines (SaOS, MG63, and SVHFO) was analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS Male carriers of the Met(158) allele had an increased risk for osteoporotic fractures (hazard ratio = 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.4) and for fragility fractures (hazard ratio = 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-5.9), with evidence for a dominant effect. Adjustments for age, height, weight, and BMD did not change the risk estimates. In women, this association was weaker and not significant. BMD was not significantly associated with the variant in either men or women. COMT mRNA was expressed in all three osteoblastic cell lines tested. CONCLUSION The COMT Val158Met polymorphism is associated with fracture risk in elderly men, through a mechanism independent of BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Yazdanpanah M, Aulchenko YS, Hofman A, Janssen JAMJL, Sayed-Tabatabaei FA, van Schaik RHN, Klungel OH, Stricker BHCH, Pols HAP, Witteman JCM, Lamberts SWJ, Oostra BA, van Duijn CM. Effects of the renin-angiotensin system genes and salt sensitivity genes on blood pressure and atherosclerosis in the total population and patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2007; 56:1905-12. [PMID: 17446534 DOI: 10.2337/db06-1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Most studies on the genetic determinants of blood pressure and vascular complications of type 2 diabetes have focused on the effects of single genes. These studies often have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, we examined the combined effects of three renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes and three salt sensitivity genes in relation to blood pressure and atherosclerosis in the total population and type 2 diabetic patients. The study was a part of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study. We have genotyped three RAS gene polymorphisms and three salt sensitivity gene polymorphisms. Diabetic patients with three risk genotypes of the RAS genes had a 6.9 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure (P for trend = 0.04) and a 6.0 mmHg higher pulse pressure (P for trend = 0.03) than those who did not carry any risk genotypes. Diabetic patients with three risk genotypes of the salt sensitivity genes had a 9.0 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure (P = 0.19) and a 13.1 mmHg higher pulse pressure (P = 0.02). Diabetic patients who carried three risk genotypes for the RAS genes had a higher mean intima-media thickness than those with two risk genotypes (mean difference 0.04 mm, P = 0.02). We found that among type 2 diabetic patients, mean systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and risk of hypertension increased with the number of risk genotypes for the RAS genes and the salt sensitivity genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Yazdanpanah
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Yazdanpanah N, Rivadeneira F, van Meurs JBJ, Zillikens MC, Arp P, Hofman A, van Duijn CM, Pols HAP, Uitterlinden AG. The -1997 G/T and Sp1 polymorphisms in the collagen type I alpha1 (COLIA1) gene in relation to changes in femoral neck bone mineral density and the risk of fracture in the elderly: the Rotterdam study. Calcif Tissue Int 2007; 81:18-25. [PMID: 17551768 PMCID: PMC1914224 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-007-9033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COLIA1 Sp1 polymorphism has been associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture. A promoter polymorphism, -1997 G/T, also has been associated with BMD. In this study, we examined whether these polymorphisms alone and in the form of haplotypes influence bone parameters and fracture risk in a large population-based cohort of elderly Caucasians. We determined the COLIA1 -1997 G/T (promoter) and Sp1 G/T (intron) polymorphisms in 6,280 individuals and inferred haplotypes. Femoral neck BMD and BMD change were compared across COLIA1 genotypes at baseline and follow-up (mean 6.5 years). We also investigated the relationship between the COLIA1 polymorphisms and incident nonvertebral fractures, which were recorded during a mean follow-up period of 7.4 years. Vertebral fractures were assessed by radiographs on 3,456 genotyped individuals. Femoral neck BMD measured at baseline was 3.8% lower in women carrying two copies of the T-Sp1 allele (P for trend = 0.03). No genotype dependent differences in BMD loss were observed. In women homozygous for the T allele of the Sp1 polymorphism, the risk of fragility fracture increased 2.3 times (95% confidence interval 1.4-3.9, P = 0.001). No such association was observed with the promoter polymorphism. In men, no association with either the Sp1 or the -1997 G/T promoter polymorphism was seen with BMD or fracture. High linkage disequilibrium (LD; D' = 0.99, r (2 )= 0.03) exists between the two studied polymorphisms. We observed three haplotypes in our population: haplotype 1 (G(promoter)-G(intron)) frequency (f) = 69%, haplotype 2 (G(promoter)-T(intron)) f = 17.6%, and haplotype 3 (T(promoter)-G(intron)) f = 13.4%. Haplotype 2 was associated with a 2.1-fold increased risk of fragility fracture in women (95% confidence interval 1.2-3.7, P = 0.001). We confirm that the COLIA1 Sp1 polymorphism influences BMD and the risk of fracture in postmenopausal Caucasian women. In contrast, we found no independent effect of the -1997 G/T promoter polymorphism on BMD or fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Yazdanpanah
- Netherlands Institute for Health Science, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce B. J. van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - P. Arp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert A. P. Pols
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Kevenaar ME, Themmen APN, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Laven JSE, van Schoor NM, Lips P, Pols HAP, Visser JA. A polymorphism in the AMH type II receptor gene is associated with age at menopause in interaction with parity. Hum Reprod 2007; 22:2382-8. [PMID: 17636279 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dem176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) inhibits primordial follicle recruitment in the mouse ovary. We hypothesize that in women AMH signaling also regulates the usage of the primordial follicle pool and hence influences the onset of menopause. Since age at menopause has a strong genetic component, we investigated the role of AMH signaling using a candidate gene approach. METHODS In two large population-based cohorts of Dutch post-menopausal women (n = 2381 and n = 248), we examined the association between two polymorphisms, one in the AMH gene and one in the AMH type II receptor (AMHR2) gene, and natural age at menopause. RESULTS The AMH Ile(49)Ser polymorphism (rs10407022) was not associated with age at menopause in either cohort. In the Rotterdam cohort, the AMHR2 -482 A > G polymorphism (rs2002555) was associated with age at menopause in interaction with the number of offspring (P = 0.001). Nulliparous women homozygous for the G-allele entered menopause 2.6 years earlier compared with nulliparous women homozygous for the A-allele (P = 0.005). In the LASA cohort, women with the G/G genotype tended to enter menopause 2.8 years earlier compared with the A/A genotype (P = 0.063). CONCLUSIONS The observed association of the AMHR2 -482 A > G polymorphism with natural age at menopause suggests a role for AMH signaling in the usage of the primordial follicle pool in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies E Kevenaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Room Ee532, PO Box 2040, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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van der Velde N, van den Meiracker AH, Pols HAP, Stricker BHC, van der Cammen TJM. Withdrawal of fall-risk-increasing drugs in older persons: effect on tilt-table test outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007; 55:734-9. [PMID: 17493193 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether outcomes of tilt-table tests improved after withdrawal of fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Geriatric outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred eleven new, consecutive outpatients, recruited from April 2003 until December 2004. MEASUREMENTS Tilt-table testing was performed on all participants at baseline. Subsequently, FRIDs were withdrawn in all fallers in whom it was safely possible. At a mean follow-up of 6.7 months, tilt-table testing was repeated in 137 participants. Tilt-table testing addressed carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH), orthostatic hypotension (OH), and vasovagal collapse (VVC). Odds ratios (ORs) of tilt-table-test normalization according to withdrawal (discontinuation or dose reduction) of FRIDs were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, the reduction of abnormal test outcomes (ORs) according to overall FRID withdrawal was 0.34 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.06-1.86) for CSH, 0.35 (95% CI=0.13-0.99) for OH, and 0.27 (95% CI=0.02-3.31) for VVC. For the subgroup of cardiovascular FRIDs, the adjusted OR was 0.13 (95% CI=0.03-0.59) for CSH, 0.44 (95% CI=0.18-1.0) for OH, and 0.21 (95% CI=0.03-1.51) for VVC. CONCLUSION OH improved significantly after withdrawal of FRIDs. Subgroup analysis of cardiovascular FRID withdrawal showed a significant reduction in OH and CSH. These results imply that FRID withdrawal can cause substantial improvement in cardiovascular homeostasis. Derangement of cardiovascular homeostasis may be an important mechanism by which FRID use results in falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Brouwer GM, van Tol AW, Bergink AP, Belo JN, Bernsen RMD, Reijman M, Pols HAP, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA. Association between valgus and varus alignment and the development and progression of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:1204-11. [PMID: 17393449 DOI: 10.1002/art.22515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although knee malalignment is assumed to correlate with knee osteoarthritis (OA), it is still unknown whether malalignment precedes the development of OA or whether it is a result of OA. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between malalignment and the development of knee OA as well as progression of knee OA. METHODS A total of 1,501 participants in the Rotterdam study were randomly selected. Knee OA at baseline and at followup (mean followup 6.6 years) was scored according to the Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grading system. Alignment was measured by the femorotibial angle on radiographs at baseline. Multivariable logistic regression for repeated measurements was used to analyze the association of malalignment with the development and progression of OA. RESULTS Of 2,664 knees, 1,012 (38%) were considered to have normal alignment, 693 (26%) had varus alignment, and 959 (36%) had valgus alignment. A comparison of valgus alignment and normal alignment showed that valgus alignment was associated with a borderline significant increase in development of knee OA (odds ratio [OR] 1.54, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.97-2.44), and varus alignment was associated with a 2-fold increased risk (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.28-3.32). Stratification for body mass index showed that this increased risk was especially seen in overweight and obese individuals but not in non-overweight persons. The risk of OA progression was also significantly increased in the group with varus alignment compared with the group with normal alignment (OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.07-7.88). CONCLUSION An increasing degree of varus alignment is associated not only with progression of knee OA but also with development of knee OA. However, this association seems particularly applicable to overweight and obese persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Brouwer
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Eijken M, Swagemakers S, Koedam M, Steenbergen C, Derkx P, Uitterlinden AG, van der Spek PJ, Visser JA, de Jong FH, Pols HAP, van Leeuwen JPTM. The activin A-follistatin system: potent regulator of human extracellular matrix mineralization. FASEB J 2007; 21:2949-60. [PMID: 17449718 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-8080com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone quality is an important determinant of osteoporosis, and proper osteoblast differentiation plays an important role in the control and maintenance of bone quality. We investigated the impact of activin signaling on human osteoblast differentiation, extracellular matrix formation, and mineralization. Activins belong to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and activin A treatment strongly inhibited mineralization in osteoblast cultures, whereas the activin antagonist follistatin increased mineralization. Osteoblasts produced activin A and follistatin in a differentiation-dependent manner, leading to autocrine regulation of extracellular matrix formation and mineralization. In addition, mineralization in a vascular smooth muscle cell-based model for pathological calcification was inhibited. Comparative activin A and follistatin gene expression profiling showed that activin signaling changes the expression of a specific range of extracellular matrix proteins prior to the onset of mineralization, leading to a matrix composition with reduced or no mineralizing capacity. These findings demonstrate the regulation of osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization by the activin A-follistatin system, providing the possibility to control bone quality as well as pathological calcifications such as atherosclerosis by using activin A, follistatin, or analogs thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Eijken
- Erasmus MC, Department Internal Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Boekhoorn SS, Vingerling JR, Uitterlinden AG, Van Meurs JBJ, van Duijn CM, Pols HAP, Hofman A, de Jong PTVM. Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms associated with incident aging macula disorder. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48:1012-7. [PMID: 17325140 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been suggested that early menopause increases the risk of aging-macula disorder (AMD), the major cause of incurable blindness with a dry and wet late subtype, and that exposure to endogenous or postmenopausal exogenous estrogens reduces this risk. This study was undertaken to investigate whether genetic variations in the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene are associated with incident AMD. METHODS In the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study of participants aged 55 years and older, associations between ESR1 PvuII-XbaI haplotypes and incident early or late AMD were studied in 4571 participants after a mean follow-up time of 7.7 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with adjustment for the most common confounders. RESULTS ESR1 PvuII-XbaI haplotype 1 was a risk factor for late AMD. Persons with two copies of haplotype 1 were at 3.20 (95% CI, 1.47-6.99) times higher risk for late AMD than noncarriers of haplotype 1, after adjustment for age and sex. This increase was more pronounced for wet AMD (hazard ratio [HR] 4.29; 95% CI, 1.47-12.49) after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, and complement factor H genotype. Correction for additional confounders, including age at menopause, use of hormone replacement therapy, blood pressure, and body mass index did not essentially alter the findings. CONCLUSIONS Persons with one or two copies of ESR1 PvuII-XbaI haplotype 1 have an increased risk of late AMD, especially of the wet form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila S Boekhoorn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Fang Y, van Meurs JBJ, Rivadeneira F, van Schoor NM, van Leeuwen JPT, Lips P, Pols HAP, Uitterlinden AG. Vitamin D receptor gene haplotype is associated with body height and bone size. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:1491-501. [PMID: 17213281 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adult stature is a complex genetic trait. The vitamin D endocrine system has pleiotropic effects on several physiological processes, especially on skeletal metabolism. We recently identified promoter and 3'-untranslated region (UTR) haplotype alleles that influence vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA expression. OBJECTIVE We studied whether VDR gene variants contribute to the genetic variation in height. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS We studied VDR haplotype alleles and body height in two independent populations (n=7187). In a meta-analysis (n=14,157 from 27 studies and our current data), we evaluated the effect of the Bsm I polymorphism. RESULTS Haplotypes of the linkage disequilibrium block 3 and block 5 were associated with body height differences with evidence for additive effects in the Rotterdam Study (P=0.00002) and the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam study (P=0.001). Height differences between the extreme genotypes were 1.4 and 2.7 cm, respectively. The relationship was independent of age, gender, presence of vertebral fractures, and age-related height loss. In the Rotterdam population, we found the combined genotype to be associated with decreased vertebral area (P=0.03) and femoral narrow neck width (P=0.002). In the meta-analysis, subjects with the "BB" genotype were 0.6 cm (95% confidence interval, 0.2-1.1 cm) taller than those with the "bb" genotype (P=0.006). CONCLUSION VDR gene variants are associated with differences in body height as evidenced by our study and by a meta-analysis. It remains for further studies to confirm whether the underlying mechanism of the association involves lower VDR expression in cells important for determining bone size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fang
- Genetic Laboratory, Room Ee575, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Delmas PD, Vrijens B, Eastell R, Roux C, Pols HAP, Ringe JD, Grauer A, Cahall D, Watts NB. Effect of monitoring bone turnover markers on persistence with risedronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:1296-304. [PMID: 17244788 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Persistence with osteoporosis treatment is poor but is important for maximum benefit. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess the impact of physician reinforcement using bone turnover markers (BTMs) on persistence with risedronate treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a 1-yr multinational prospective, open-label, blinded study in 171 osteoporosis centers in 21 countries. PATIENTS A total of 2382 postmenopausal women (65-80 yr old) with spine/hip T-score -2.5 or less or T-score -1.0 or less with a low-trauma fracture. INTERVENTION Intervention included calcium 500 mg/d, vitamin D 400 IU/d, and risedronate 5 mg/d for 1 yr. Centers were randomized to reinforcement (RE+) or no reinforcement (RE-). At 13 and 25 wk, reinforcement based on urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen change from baseline was provided to the RE+ patients using the following response categories: good (>30% decrease), stable (-30% to +30% change), or poor (>30% increase). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Persistence assessed with electronic drug monitors was measured. RESULTS In the overall efficacy population (n=2302), persistence was unexpectedly high and was similar for both groups (RE-, 77%; RE+, 80%; P=0.160). A significant relationship between the type of message and persistence was observed (P=0.017). Compared with RE-, intervention based on a good BTM response was associated with a significant improvement in persistence [hazard ratio (HR) 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53-0.95]. Persistence was unchanged (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.74-1.40) or lower (HR 2.22; 95% CI 1.27-3.89) when reinforcement was based on a stable or poor BTM response, respectively. Reinforcement was associated with a lower incidence of new radiologically determined vertebral fractures (odds ratio 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-1.0). CONCLUSIONS Reinforcement using BTMs influences persistence with treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, depending on the BTM response observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D Delmas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Research Unit 403 and University Claude Bernard, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Pavillon F, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
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Kevenaar ME, Themmen APN, Laven JSE, Sonntag B, Fong SL, Uitterlinden AG, de Jong FH, Pols HAP, Simoni M, Visser JA. Anti-Müllerian hormone and anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor polymorphisms are associated with follicular phase estradiol levels in normo-ovulatory women. Hum Reprod 2007; 22:1547-54. [PMID: 17337470 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dem036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mice, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) inhibits primordial follicle recruitment and decreases FSH sensitivity. Little is known about the role of AMH in human ovarian physiology. We hypothesize that in women AMH has a similar role in ovarian function as in mice and investigated this using a genetic approach. METHODS The association of the AMH Ile(49)Ser and the AMH type II receptor (AMHR2) -482 A > G polymorphisms with menstrual cycle characteristics was studied in a Dutch (n = 32) and a German (n = 21) cohort of normo-ovulatory women. RESULTS Carriers of the AMH Ser(49) allele had higher serum estradiol (E(2)) levels on menstrual cycle day 3 when compared with non-carriers in the Dutch cohort (P = 0.012) and in the combined Dutch and German cohort (P = 0.03). Carriers of the AMHR2 -482G allele also had higher follicular phase E(2) levels when compared with non-carriers in the Dutch cohort (P = 0.028), the German cohort (P = 0.048) and hence also the combined cohort (P = 0.012). Women carrying both AMH Ser(49) and AMHR2 -482G alleles had highest E(2) levels (P = 0.001). For both polymorphisms no association with serum AMH or FSH levels was observed. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in the AMH and AMHR2 genes are associated with follicular phase E(2) levels, suggesting a role for AMH in the regulation of FSH sensitivity in the human ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies E Kevenaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kaptoge S, Reid DM, Scheidt-Nave C, Poor G, Pols HAP, Khaw KT, Felsenberg D, Benevolenskaya LI, Diaz MN, Stepan JJ, Eastell R, Boonen S, Cannata JB, Glueer CC, Crabtree NJ, Kaufman JM, Reeve J. Geographic and other determinants of BMD change in European men and women at the hip and spine. a population-based study from the Network in Europe for Male Osteoporosis (NEMO). Bone 2007; 40:662-73. [PMID: 17175209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the determinants of BMD change have been studied in women, there have been few longitudinal studies in men. As part of the Network in Europe for Male Osteoporosis (NEMO) study, data were analysed from 1337 men and 1722 women aged 50-86y (mean=67 years) from 13 centres across Europe to assess determinants of BMD change and between-gender contrasts. METHODS BMD was measured at the femoral neck, trochanter and/or L2-L4 spine on 2 occasions 0.8-8 years apart (mean=3.5 years) using DXA densitometers manufactured by Hologic (n=6), Lunar (n=5) and Norland (n=2). Each was cross-calibrated using the European Spine Phantom and annual rates of BMD change (g/cm(2)/year) were calculated from the standardised paired BMD values. The EPOS risk factor questionnaire was administered at baseline. RESULTS In multivariate linear regression models, there were large between centre differences in the mean rates of BMD change in all 3 sites for both genders (P<0.0001) with the standard deviation of the between centre heterogeneity in the adjusted means being 0.005 g/cm(2)/year at the femoral neck. The overall adjusted mean annual rates of BMD change in g/cm(2)/year (95% CI) pooled across centres by random effects meta-analysis in men were: femoral neck -0.005 (-0.009, -0.001); trochanter -0.003 (-0.006, -0.001); and spine 0.000 (-0.004, 0.004). In women the respective estimates were: -0.007 (-0.009, -0.005); -0.004 (-0.006, -0.003); and -0.005 (-0.008, -0.001). The I(2) statistic for heterogeneity was between 81% and 94%, indicating strong evidence of between centre heterogeneity. Higher baseline BMD value was associated with subsequent greater decline in BMD (P<0.001). Preserved BMD was associated with higher baseline body weight in all 3 sites in men (P<0.012) but not in women. Weight gain preserved BMD (P<0.039) in all 3 sites for both genders, except the male spine. Increasing age was associated with faster BMD decline at the trochanter in both genders (P<0.026) and with a slower rate of decline at the female spine (P=0.002). Effects of lifestyle, physical activity, medications, and reproductive factors were not consistent across sites or between genders. CONCLUSION These results show major geographic variations in rates of BMD change in men and women over 50 years of age across diverse European populations and demonstrate that body weight and weight gain are key determinants of BMD change in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaptoge
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway Cambridge, UK.
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Isaacs A, Sayed-Tabatabaei FA, Aulchenko YS, Zillikens MC, Sijbrands EJG, Schut AFC, Rutten WPF, Pols HAP, Witteman JCM, Oostra BA, van Duijn CM. Heritabilities, apolipoprotein E, and effects of inbreeding on plasma lipids in a genetically isolated population: the Erasmus Rucphen Family Study. Eur J Epidemiol 2007; 22:99-105. [PMID: 17318336 PMCID: PMC2797851 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-006-9103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in unravelling the genetic basis of dyslipidemias, most findings are based on families with extreme phenotypes. We studied lipid levels in an extended pedigree ascertained irrespective of phenotype from the population of a recent genetic isolate in the Netherlands. Heritabilities of plasma lipid measures were examined; this analysis also included estimates of the proportion of variance attributable to ApoE genotype. The association between inbreeding and lipids was also considered, as a substantial fraction of the population had known inbreeding. A total of 868 individuals from this pedigree, containing more than 60,000 people over 15 generations, were investigated in this study. Laboratory analysis of these subjects included the determination of fasting plasma lipids. ApoE epsilon2/3/4 status was ascertained using TaqMan assays. Heritabilities for plasma lipids were estimated with adjustments for multiple covariates using SOLAR. Heritabilities for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG), TC/HDL ratio, and TG/HDL ratio were found to be 0.35, 0.56, 0.30, 0.24, 0.49, and 0.39, respectively. The addition of ApoE genotype in the model significantly decreased these estimates (Deltah(2) = -0.030, -0.004, -0.054, and -0.006 for TC, HDL, LDL, and TG). In a further analysis, TC and LDL were positively associated with the extent of inbreeding (p (trend) = 0.02 and p (trend) = 0.05, respectively). These data provide estimates of lipid heritability unbiased due to selection and suggest that this population represents a good opportunity to localize novel genes influencing plasma lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fakhredin A. Sayed-Tabatabaei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yurii S. Aulchenko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J. G. Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna F. C. Schut
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Huibert A. P. Pols
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline C. M. Witteman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Dahaghin S, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Koes BW, Hazes JMW, Pols HAP. Do metabolic factors add to the effect of overweight on hand osteoarthritis? The Rotterdam Study. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66:916-20. [PMID: 17314121 PMCID: PMC1955104 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.045724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As hand joints are non-weight bearing, the association between overweight and hand osteoarthritis (HOA) is critical to understanding how overweight may associate with osteoarthritis (OA) apart from axial load. Overweight might be associated with the occurrence of OA through other metabolic factors. AIM To evaluate the role of overweight in HOA, cross-sectional data of a population-based study were used (> or =55 years, n = 3585). The role of diabetes, hypertension and total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratio on HOA, and whether they play an intermediate role in the association of overweight/HOA was investigated. Furthermore, the prevalence of HOA in the concurrent presence of overweight and other metabolic factors was evaluated. RESULTS Independently of other metabolic factors, overweight (body mass index (BMI) >27.4 kg/m(2)) showed a significant association with HOA (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.7). The association between diabetes and HOA was only present in people aged 55-62 years (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.8), but was absent in the total population or in other age groups. The association of hypertension with HOA was weak, and disappeared after adjustment for BMI. The total/HDL cholesterol ratio showed no significant association with HOA. The concurrent presence of overweight, diabetes and hypertension resulted in an even higher prevalence of HOA (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.9) compared with subjects with none of these characteristics; this prevalence increased further in the younger age group (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 8.8). CONCLUSION No intermediate effect of metabolic factors on the association of overweight with HOA was found. An increase in the prevalence of HOA, however, seems to be present when overweight occurs together with hypertension and diabetes especially at a relatively young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dahaghin
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Alizadeh BZ, Njajou OT, Hazes JMW, Hofman A, Slagboom PE, Pols HAP, van Duijn CM. The H63D variant in the HFE gene predisposes to arthralgia, chondrocalcinosis and osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66:1436-42. [PMID: 17284543 PMCID: PMC2111641 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.063099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relation between the HFE C282Y and H63D variants with arthralgia and joint pathology in the population-based Rotterdam Study. METHODS From a cohort of 7983 people aged 55 years and over, 2095 randomly drawn subjects were genotyped for C282Y and H63D variants. We compared the frequency of arthralgia, and the presence of chondrocalcinosis, osteophytes, joint space narrowing and radiographic osteoarthritis in hand, hip and knee joints, and Heberden's nodes in carriers of HFE variants with that in non-carriers. RESULTS Overall, there was a significantly higher frequency of arthralgia (odds ratio 1.6; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.6), oligoarthralgia (2.3; 1.2 to 4.4) and Heberden's nodes (2.0; 1.1 to 3.8) in H63D homozygotes compared with non-carriers. In subjects aged 65 years or younger, H63D homozygotes had significantly more often polyarthralgia (3.1; 1.3 to 7.4), chondrocalcinosis in hip or knee joints (4.7; 1.2 to 18.5), and more hand joints with osteophytes (6.1+/-1.0 vs 4.4+/-0.3), space narrowing (2.8+/-0.5 vs 1.0+/-0.1), radiographic osteoarthritis (4.4+/-0.7 vs 2.0+/-0.2) and Heberden's nodes (3.1; 1.3 to 12.8) than non-carriers. We found no relation of arthralgia or joint pathology to C282Y, but compound heterozygotes had a significantly higher frequency of arthralgia (2.9; 1.0 to 9.3), chondrocalcinosis in hip joints (6.5; 1.8 to 22.3), and an increased number of osteophytes in knee (6.9+/-1.2, n = 5 vs 2.4+/-0.1) joints at a later age (>65 years). CONCLUSIONS The HFE H63D variant may explain, at least in part, the prevalence of arthralgia in multiple joints sites, chondrocalcinosis, and hand osteoarthritis in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Smit P, Dekker MJHJ, de Jong FJ, van den Beld AW, Koper JW, Pols HAP, Brinkmann AO, de Jong FH, Breteler MMB, Lamberts SWJ. Lack of Association of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 gene 83,557insA and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene R453Q polymorphisms with body composition, adrenal androgen production, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and dementia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:359-62. [PMID: 17062770 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recently, it was proposed that a combination of the 83,557insA polymorphism in the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) gene and the R453Q polymorphism in the hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD) gene interacts to cause cortisone reductase deficiency (CRD) when at least three alleles are affected. OBJECTIVE The aim was to study the separate and combined effects of these polymorphisms on body composition, adrenal androgen production, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and the incidence of dementia in the healthy elderly population. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS The Rotterdam study (n = 6105) and the Frail Old Men study (n = 347) are population-based cohort studies in the elderly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Genotype distributions and influences of (combined) genotypes on body mass index, adrenal androgen production, waist to hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, glucose tolerance test, and incidence of dementia were measured. RESULTS No influence of the HSD11B1 83,557insA (allele frequencies 22.0 and 21.5%) and H6PD R453Q (allele frequencies 22.9 and 20.2%) variants was found for the different outcome measures that were investigated, either separately or when at least three alleles were affected. CONCLUSIONS Two population-based studies among Caucasian elderly showed no evidence for (combined) effects of two polymorphisms in the HSD11B1 and H6PD genes on body composition, adrenal androgen production, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and incidence of dementia. Moreover, the high frequencies observed for these two polymorphisms do not correspond to the low incidence of CRD observed in the general population. Altogether, it is unlikely that these polymorphisms cause CRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Room Ee530C, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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