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Wang Y, Xing C, Cai B, Qiu W, Zhai J, Zeng Y, Zhang A, Shi S, Zhang Y, Yang X, Fu TM, Shen H, Wang C, Zhu L, Ye J. Impact of antioxidants on PM 2.5 oxidative potential, radical level, and cytotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169555. [PMID: 38157913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Antioxidants are typically seen as agents that mitigate environmental health risks due to their ability to scavenge free radicals. However, our research presents a paradox where these molecules, particularly those within lung fluid, act as prooxidants in the presence of airborne particulate matter (PM2.5), thus enhancing PM2.5 oxidative potential (OP). In our study, we examined a range of antioxidants found in the respiratory system (e.g., vitamin C, glutathione (GSH), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC)), in plasma (vitamin A, vitamin E, and β-carotene), and in food (tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)). We aimed to explore antioxidants' prooxidant and antioxidant interactions with PM2.5 and the resulting OP and cytotoxicity. We employed OH generation assays and electron paramagnetic resonance assays to assess the pro-oxidative and anti-oxidative effects of antioxidants. Additionally, we assessed cytotoxicity interaction using a Chinese hamster ovary cell cytotoxicity assay. Our findings revealed that, in the presence of PM2.5, all antioxidants except vitamin E significantly increased the PM2.5 OP by generating more OH radicals (OH generation rate: 0.16-24.67 pmol·min-1·m-3). However, it's noteworthy that these generated OH radicals were at least partially neutralized by the antioxidants themselves. Among the pro-oxidative antioxidants, vitamin A, β-carotene, and TBHQ showed the least ability to quench these radicals, consistent with their observed impact in enhancing PM2.5 cytotoxicity (PM2.5 LC50 reduced to 91.2 %, 88.8 %, and 75.1 % of PM2.5's original level, respectively). Notably, vitamin A and TBHQ-enhanced PM2.5 OP were strongly associated with the presence of metals and organic compounds, particularly with copper (Cu) contributing significantly (35 %) to TBHQ's pro-oxidative effect. Our study underscores the potential health risks associated with the interaction between antioxidants and ambient pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chunbo Xing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baohua Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinghao Zhai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaling Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Antai Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shao Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhuai Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Zhao H, Wu S, Liu H, Luo Z, Sun J, Jin X. Relationship between food-derived antioxidant vitamin intake and breast cancer risk: a mendelian randomized study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2365-2373. [PMID: 37100890 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous observational studies, food-derived antioxidant vitamins have been suggested to be associated with breast cancer. However, the findings were inconsistent and the causal relationship could not be clearly elucidated. To confirm the potential causal relationship between food-derived antioxidants (retinol, carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E) and the risk of breast cancer, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. METHODS The instrumental variables (IVs) as proxies of genetic liability to food-derived antioxidant vitamins were obtained from the UK Biobank Database. We extracted breast cancer data (122,977 cases and 105,974 controls) from the Breast Cancer Consortium (BCAC). In addition, we studied estrogen expression status categorically, including estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer (69,501 cases and 105,974 controls) and versus estrogen receptor (ER-) negative breast cancer (21,468 cases and 105,974 controls). We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization study, and inverse variance-weighted (IVW) test was regarded as main analysis. Sensitivity analyses were further conducted to assess heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. RESULTS The results of IVW showed that among the four food-derived antioxidants, only vitamin E had protective effect on the risk of overall breast cancer (OR = 0.837, 95% CI 0.757-0.926, P = 0.001) and ER+ breast cancer (OR = 0.823, 95% CI 0.693-0.977, P = 0.026). However, we found no association between food-derived vitamin E and ER- breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested food-derived vitamin E can decrease the risk of breast cancer overall and ER+ breast cancer, and the robustness of our results was confirmed by sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University China-Japan Friendship, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghuadong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenkai Luo
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junwei Sun
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Xiaolin Jin
- Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China.
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Khallouki F, Hajji L, Saber S, Bouddine T, Edderkaoui M, Bourhia M, Mir N, Lim A, El Midaoui A, Giesy JP, Aboul-Soud MAM, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M. An Update on Tamoxifen and the Chemo-Preventive Potential of Vitamin E in Breast Cancer Management. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050754. [PMID: 37240924 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common female cancer in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide. Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is a widely prescribed, oral anti-estrogen drug for the hormonal treatment of estrogen-receptor-positive BC, which represents 70% of all BC subtypes. This review assesses the current knowledge on the molecular pharmacology of tamoxifen in terms of its anticancer and chemo-preventive actions. Due to the importance of vitamin E compounds, which are widely taken as a supplementary dietary component, the review focuses only on the potential importance of vitamin E in BC chemo-prevention. The chemo-preventive and onco-protective effects of tamoxifen combined with the potential effects of vitamin E can alter the anticancer actions of tamoxifen. Therefore, methods involving an individually designed, nutritional intervention for patients with BC warrant further consideration. These data are of great importance for tamoxifen chemo-prevention strategies in future epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Khallouki
- Biology Department, FSTE, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 609, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50050, Morocco
| | - Lhoussain Hajji
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50050, Morocco
| | - Somayya Saber
- Biology Department, FSTE, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 609, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50050, Morocco
| | - Toufik Bouddine
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50050, Morocco
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center & University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Technical Health, Laayoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Nora Mir
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50050, Morocco
| | - Adrian Lim
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center & University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Adil El Midaoui
- Biology Department, FSTE, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 609, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Mourad A M Aboul-Soud
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM, UMR 5071 CNRS, University of Toulouse III, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM, UMR 5071 CNRS, University of Toulouse III, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Fernandez-Lazaro CI, Martínez-González MÁ, Aguilera-Buenosvinos I, Gea A, Ruiz-Canela M, Romanos-Nanclares A, Toledo E. Dietary Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals and Breast Cancer Risk: Prospective Results from the SUN Cohort. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030340. [PMID: 33668391 PMCID: PMC7996327 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in natural antioxidants and their potential effects on breast cancer (BC). Epidemiological evidence, however, is inconsistent. We prospectively evaluated the association between dietary intake of vitamins A, C, and E, selenium, and zinc and BC among 9983 female participants from the SUN Project, a Mediterranean cohort of university graduates. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline, and biennial follow-up information about incident BC diagnosis was collected. Cases were ascertained through revision of medical charts and consultation of the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). During an average follow-up of 11.3 years, 107 incident BC cases were confirmed. The multivariable HRs (95% CI) for BC comparing extreme tertiles of energy-adjusted dietary intakes were 1.07 (0.64–1.77; Ptrend = 0.673) for vitamin A, 1.00 (0.58–1.71; Ptrend = 0.846) for vitamin C, 0.92 (0.55–1.54; Ptrend = 0.728) for vitamin E, 1.37 (0.85–2.20; Ptrend = 0.135) for selenium, and 1.01 (0.61–1.69; Ptrend = 0.939) for zinc. Stratified analyses showed an inverse association between vitamin E intake and postmenopausal BC (HRT3 vs. T1 = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14–0.86; Ptrend = 0.027). Our results did not suggest significant protective associations between dietary vitamins A, C, and E, selenium, or zinc and BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar I. Fernandez-Lazaro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (I.A.-B.); (A.G.); (M.R.-C.); (A.R.-N.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (I.A.-B.); (A.G.); (M.R.-C.); (A.R.-N.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Inmaculada Aguilera-Buenosvinos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (I.A.-B.); (A.G.); (M.R.-C.); (A.R.-N.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (I.A.-B.); (A.G.); (M.R.-C.); (A.R.-N.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (I.A.-B.); (A.G.); (M.R.-C.); (A.R.-N.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Romanos-Nanclares
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (I.A.-B.); (A.G.); (M.R.-C.); (A.R.-N.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (I.A.-B.); (A.G.); (M.R.-C.); (A.R.-N.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-425-600 (ext. 806224)
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Dietary vitamin B2 intake and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 295:721-729. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Misotti AM, Gnagnarella P. Vitamin supplement consumption and breast cancer risk: a review. Ecancermedicalscience 2013; 7:365. [PMID: 24171049 PMCID: PMC3805144 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2013.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer globally, and studies provide contradictory results about the possible effects of vitamin supplementation to reduce cancer risk. Our aim was to conduct a review to better investigate whether vitamin supplements given orally modify breast cancer risk. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive, systematic bibliographic search of the medical literature to identify relevant studies. Case-control, cohort studies, and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published up to August 2013 that reported cancer risk estimates for vitamin supplementation were included. For each study, we retrieved study characteristics, study population, exposure evaluation, and risk estimates. RESULTS We identified 26 studies (14 cohort, 11 case-control, and one RCT) and overall, we found 104 estimates. We grouped all the estimates into six supplementation categories: vitamin A and beta-carotene, B-group vitamins and folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and multivitamins. Only a few studies showed a statistically significant association between the consumption of supplemental vitamins and the occurrence of breast cancer, and most of the significant estimates were found in case-control studies. The results found in prospective studies seem to be in the opposite direction. CONCLUSION The role of vitamin supplements in preventing breast cancer still remains unclear, considering our review. Although biologic mechanisms exist to support the anticancer effects of vitamins, there is no clear evidence for an effect in cancer prevention for vitamin supplements. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms by which vitamin supplementation can modify breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro M Misotti
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
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Vergne Y, Matta J, Morales L, Vargas W, Alvarez-Garriga C, Bayona M. Breast Cancer and DNA Repair Capacity: Association With Use of Multivitamin and Calcium Supplements. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2013; 12:38-46. [PMID: 24817834 PMCID: PMC4012419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, with over 1 million new cases diagnosed every year worldwide. Over recent decades, considerable interest has emerged regarding whether vitamins and/or other supplements can lower the risk of BC. However, previous epidemiologic studies that investigated the association between intake of multivitamin and supplements of single vitamins and minerals and BC risk have reported conflicting results. Whether vitamins can actually reduce BC risk is still controversial. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether multivitamin and calcium use was associated with BC incidence and DNA repair capacity (DRC). DESIGN The research team designed an observational, case-control study. SETTING All work was performed at the Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences under the direct supervision of principal investigator Dr Jaime Matta. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 836 women recruited primarily from the private practices of oncologists, gynecologists, and surgeons in Puerto Rico. INTERVENTIONS A total of 312 individuals in the breast cancer (BC) group and 524 individuals in the control group were compared for their multivitamin and calcium intake, DRC levels, and other covariates. OUTCOME MEASURES Odds ratios (OR), adjusted using both crude analysis and multiple logistic regression, were used as measures of association between BC and DRC and other selected variables. RESULTS The BC group had 30% reduced odds of taking multivitamins and calcium as compared to controls: (1) OR = 0.7 (95% CI, 0.4-1.0; P = .073) for multivitamins and (2) OR = 0.7 (95% CI, 0.4-1.2; P = .167) for calcium. Women with low DRC had 50% lower odds of taking calcium and 30% lower odds of currently taking vitamins OR = 0.5 (95% CI, 0.4-0.7; P = .001) for calcium and (2) OR = 0.7 (95% CI, 0.5-0.9.1; P = .047) for vitamins. CONCLUSIONS Although this study is a case-control study in which the risk of BC could not be assessed, results suggest that vitamin supplementation could be an independent protective factor for BC. Calcium intake appears to affect DRC in a positive way, because it was associated with a high DRC level, which in turn is associated with low odds for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeidyly Vergne
- Student in the Public Health Program, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Jaime Matta
- Professor in the Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | - Luisa Morales
- Student in the Public Health Program and a laboratory supervisor in the Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | - Wanda Vargas
- Nurse in the Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | - Carolina Alvarez-Garriga
- Associate adjunct professor in the Public Health Program, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | - Manuel Bayona
- Ajunct professor in the Public Health Program, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences
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Dorjgochoo T, Xiang YB, Long J, Shi J, Deming S, Xu WH, Cai H, Cheng J, Cai Q, Zheng W, Shu XO. Association of genetic markers in the BCL-2 family of apoptosis-related genes with endometrial cancer risk in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60915. [PMID: 23637776 PMCID: PMC3634058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro studies have demonstrated the role of the BCL-2 family of genes in endometrial carcinogenesis. The role of genetic variants in BCL-2 genes and their interactions with non-genetic factors in the development of endometrial cancer has not been investigated in epidemiological studies. Patients and Methods We examined the relationship between BCL-2 gene family variants and endometrial cancer risk among 1,028 patients and 1,922 age-matched community controls from Shanghai, China. We also investigated possible interactions between genetic variants and established risk factors (demographic, lifestyle and clinical). Individuals were genotyped for 86 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BCL2, BAX, BAD and BAK1 genes. Results Significant associations with endometrial cancer risk were found for 9 SNPs in the BCL2 gene (P trend<0.05 for all). For SNPs rs17759659 and rs7243091 (minor allele for both: G), the associations were independent. The odds ratio was 1.27 (95% CI: 1.04–1.53) for women with AG genotype for the SNP rs17759659 and 1.82 (95% CI: 1.21–2.73) for women with the GG genotype for the SNP rs7243091. No interaction between these two SNPs and established non-genetic risk factors of endometrial cancer was noticed. Conclusion Genetic polymorphisms in the BCL2 gene may be associated with the risk of endometrial cancer in Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsogzolmaa Dorjgochoo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jiajun Shi
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sandra Deming
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Wang-Hong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jiarong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have suggested that a low vitamin E nutritional status is associated with increased cancer risk. However, several recent large-scale human trials with high doses of α-tocopherol (α-T) have produced disappointing results. This points out the need for a better understanding of the biological activities of the different forms of tocopherols. Using a naturally occurring tocopherol mixture (γ-TmT) that is rich in γ-T, we demonstrated the inhibition of chemically induced lung, colon, and mammary cancer formation as well as the growth of xenograft tumors derived from human lung and prostate cancer cells. This broad anticancer activity of γ-TmT has been attributed mainly to the trapping of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and the inhibition of estrogen signaling have also been observed in the inhibition of mammary cancer development. δ-T has been shown to be more active than γ-T in inhibiting the growth of human lung cancer cells in a xenograft tumor model and the development of aberrant crypt foci in azoxymethane-treated rats, whereas α-T is not effective in these models. The higher inhibitory activities of δ-T and γ-T (than α-T) are proposed to be due to their trapping of reactive nitrogen species and their capacity to generate side-chain degradation products, which retain the intact chromanol ring structure and could have cancer preventive activities.
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Dorjgochoo T, Shi J, Gao YT, Long J, Delahanty R, Xiang YB, Cai Q, Shu XO. Genetic variants in vitamin D metabolism-related genes and body mass index: analysis of genome-wide scan data of approximately 7000 Chinese women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 36:1252-5. [PMID: 22158264 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been consistently associated with obesity. However, it is unclear whether vitamin D deficiency is the cause or consequence of obesity. We investigated this question by evaluating the association between genetic variants in vitamin D metabolism pathway genes and obesity-related traits. Using directly genotyped and imputed data from a genome-wide association study of 6922 women aged 25-70 years, we examined the association of 198 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in vitamin D pathway genes (CYP27A1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, CYP2R1, group-specific component (GC) and vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR)) with body mass index (BMI) and body weight. Per allele beta (β) estimates were calculated for this association using linear regression models, controlling for age, square of age, menopausal status and sample sets. Overall, only two SNPs (rs2248359 in CYP24A1 and rs10832313 in CYP2R1) had a nominally significant association with BMI and weight (P<0.05 for all), with no variation observed by menopausal status, physical activity or dietary energy intake. None of the SNPs examined in the VDR gene were associated with BMI or weight. Our findings suggest that common genetic variants in vitamin D pathway genes do not have a major role in obesity among Chinese women. This comprehensive evaluation of genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolism-related genes and obesity-related traits did not provide strong evidence to support low vitamin D levels as a cause of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dorjgochoo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA
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Smolarek AK, Suh N. Chemopreventive activity of vitamin E in breast cancer: a focus on γ- and δ-tocopherol. Nutrients 2011; 3:962-86. [PMID: 22254089 PMCID: PMC3257724 DOI: 10.3390/nu3110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E consists of eight different variants: α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols (saturated phytyl tail) and α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienols (unsaturated phytyl tail). Cancer prevention studies with vitamin E have primarily utilized the variant α-tocopherol. To no avail, a majority of these studies focused on variant α-tocopherol with inconsistent results. However, γ-tocopherol, and more recently δ-tocopherol, have shown greater ability to reduce inflammation, cell proliferation, and tumor burden. Recent results have shown that γ-enriched mixed tocopherols inhibit the development of mammary hyperplasia and tumorigenesis in animal models. In this review, we discuss the possible differences between the variant forms, molecular targets, and cancer-preventive effects of tocopherols. We recommend that a γ-enriched mixture, γ- and δ-tocopherol, but not α-tocopherol, are promising agents for breast cancer prevention and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Smolarek
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-732-445-3400 (ext. 226); Fax: +1-732-445-0687
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Fulan H, Changxing J, Baina WY, Wencui Z, Chunqing L, Fan W, Dandan L, Dianjun S, Tong W, Da P, Yashuang Z. Retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1383-96. [PMID: 21761132 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To comprehensively summarize the associations between retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer, and quantitatively estimate their dose-response relationships. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases (from January 1982 to 15 March 2011) and the references of the relevant articles in English with sufficient information to estimate relative risk or odds ratio and the 95% confidence intervals, and comparable categories of vitamins. Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardized form, with any discrepancy adjudicated by the third reviewer. RESULTS Overall, 51 studies met the inclusion criteria. Comparing the highest with the lowest intake, total vitamin A intake reduced the breast cancer risk by 17% (pooled OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78-0.88). Further subgroup analysis based on study design did not change the significant reduction. Although the dietary vitamin A, dietary vitamin E, and total vitamin E intake all reduced breast cancer risk significantly when data from all studies were pooled, the results became nonsignificant when data from cohort studies were pooled. The significant association between total retinol intake and breast cancer in all studies became nonsignificant in case-control studies but remain significant in cohort studies. No significant dose-response relationship was observed in the higher intake of these vitamins with reduced breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that both the total intake of vitamin A and retinol could reduce breast cancer risk. However, associations between other vitamins and breast cancer seem to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Fulan
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157, Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Chan ALF, Leung HWC, Wang SF. Multivitamin supplement use and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother 2011; 45:476-84. [PMID: 21487086 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1p445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between consumption of multivitamins and breast cancer is inconsistent in epidemiologic studies. OBJECTIVE To perform a meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies to evaluate multivitamin intake and its relationship with breast cancer risk. METHODS The published literature was systematically searched and reviewed using MEDLINE (1950 through July 2010), EMBASE (1980 through July 2010), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2010 issue 1). Studies that included specific risk estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. The bias and quality of these studies were assessed with REVMAN statistical software (version 5.0) and the GRADE method of the Cochrane Collaboration. RESULTS Eight of 27 studies that included 355,080 subjects were available for analysis. The total duration of multivitamin use in these trials ranged from 3 to 10 years. The frequency of current use in these studies ranged from 2 to 6 times/week. In analyses by duration of use 10 years or longer or 3 years or longer and by frequency 7 or more times/week that were reported in these studies, multivitamin use was not significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer. Only 1 recent Swedish cohort study concluded that multivitamin use is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The results of a meta-analysis that pooled data from 5 cohort studies and 3 case-control studies indicated that the overall multivariable relative risk and odds ratio were 0.10 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.63; p = 0.98) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.00; p = 1.00), respectively. The association was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Multivitamin use is likely not associated with a significant increased or decreased risk of breast cancer, but these results highlight the need for more case-control studies or randomized controlled clinical trials to further examine this relationship.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multivitamin supplements are used by nearly half of middle-aged women in the USA. Despite this high prevalence of multivitamin use, little is known about the effects of multivitamins on health outcomes, including cancer risk. Our main objective was to determine the association between multivitamin use and the risk of breast cancer in women. DESIGN We conducted a population-based case-control study among 2968 incident breast cancer cases (aged 20-69 years), diagnosed between 2004 and 2007, and 2982 control women from Wisconsin, USA. All participants completed a structured telephone interview which ascertained supplement use prior to diagnosis, demographics and risk factor information. Odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Compared with never users of multivitamins, the OR for breast cancer was 1.02 (95 % CI 0.87, 1.19) for current users and 0.99 (95 % CI 0.74, 1.33) for former users. Further, neither duration of use (for > or =10 years: OR = 1.13, 95 % CI 0.93, 1.38, P for trend = 0.25) nor frequency (>7 times/week: OR = 1.00, 95 % CI 0.77, 1.28, P for trend = 0.97) was related to risk in current users. Stratification by menopausal status, family history of breast cancer, age, alcohol, tumour staging and postmenopausal hormone use did not significantly modify the association between multivitamin use and breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS The current study found no association between multivitamin supplement use and breast cancer risk in women.
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Dorjgochoo T, Gao YT, Chow WH, Shu XO, Li H, Yang G, Cai Q, Rothman N, Cai H, Franke AA, Zheng W, Dai Q. Plasma carotenoids, tocopherols, retinol and breast cancer risk: results from the Shanghai Women Health Study (SWHS). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 117:381-9. [PMID: 19096929 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from some previous studies suggests that lipophilic antioxidants, particularly carotenoids, may reduce the risk of breast cancer. We prospectively investigated the associations of plasma levels of tocopherols, retinol, carotenoids with the risk of developing breast cancer among Chinese women. We conducted a study of 365 incident breast cancer cases and 726 individually matched controls nested within a large cohort study of women aged 40-70 years at baseline. We observed no associations between breast cancer risk and any of the tocopherols, retinol, and most carotenoids. However, high levels of plasma lycopene other than trans, 5- and 7-cis or trans alpha-cryptoxanthin were inversely associated with the risk of developing breast cancer. Our results do not support an overall protective effect of lipophilic antioxidants on breast cancer risk. The few inverse associations observed for subtype of carotenoids may need to be confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsogzolmaa Dorjgochoo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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