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Sharma V, Vinchure OS, Yadav G, Sarkar C, Kulshreshtha R. A novel interplay between PRC2 and miR-3189 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via modulating COL6A2 in glioblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31326. [PMID: 38860406 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shed light on disrupted collagen signaling in Gliomas, yet the regulatory landscape remains largely unexplored. This study enquired into the role of polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2)-mediated H3K27me3 modification, a key epigenetic factor in glioma. Using in-house data, we identified miRNAs downregulated in glioblastoma (GBM) with the potential to regulate Collagen VI family genes. Notably, miR-3189 emerged as a prime PRC2 target. Its expression was significantly downregulated in Indian GBM patients as well as other glioma cohorts. Mechanistic insights, involving Luciferase assays, mutagenesis, and Western blot analysis, confirmed direct targeting of Collagen VI member COL6A2 by miR-3189-3p. Functional assays demonstrated that miR-3189-3p restrained GBM malignancy by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conversely, COL6A2 overexpressed in GBM patients, countered miR-3189, and promoted the malignant phenotype. Gene set enrichment analysis highlighted EMT enrichment in GBM patients with elevated COL6A2 expression, carrying prognostic implications. This study uncovers intricate interactions between two epigenetic regulators-H3K27me3 and miR-3189-working synergistically to modulate Collagen VI gene; thus, influencing the malignancy of GBM. Targeting this H3K27me3|miR-3189-3p|COL6A2 axis presents a potential therapeutic avenue against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Centralized Core Research Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Omkar Suhas Vinchure
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Garima Yadav
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Mishra J, Chakraborty S, Nandi P, Manna S, Baral T, Niharika, Roy A, Mishra P, Patra SK. Epigenetic regulation of androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 161:223-320. [PMID: 39032951 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies among men worldwide. Besides genetic alterations, epigenetic modulations including DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA mediated alteration of gene expression are the key driving forces for the prostate tumor development and cancer progression. Aberrant expression and/or the activity of the epigenetic modifiers/enzymes, results in aberrant expression of genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, cell adhesion, apoptosis, autophagy, tumor suppression and hormone response and thereby disease progression. Altered epigenome is associated with prostate cancer recurrence, progression, aggressiveness and transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent phenotype. These epigenetic modifications are reversible and various compounds/drugs targeting the epigenetic enzymes have been developed that are effective in cancer treatment. This chapter focuses on the epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer initiation and progression, listing different epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease and their potential as therapeutic targets. This chapter also summarizes different epigenetic drugs approved for prostate cancer therapy and the drugs available for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Piyasa Nandi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Prahallad Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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Ren X, Wang X, Zheng G, Wang S, Wang Q, Yuan M, Xu T, Xu J, Huang P, Ge M. Targeting one-carbon metabolism for cancer immunotherapy. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1521. [PMID: 38279895 PMCID: PMC10819114 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-carbon (1C) metabolism is a metabolic network that plays essential roles in biological reactions. In 1C metabolism, a series of nutrients are used to fuel metabolic pathways, including nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, cellular redox defence and epigenetic maintenance. At present, 1C metabolism is considered the hallmark of cancer. The 1C units obtained from the metabolic pathways increase the proliferation rate of cancer cells. In addition, anticancer drugs, such as methotrexate, which target 1C metabolism, have long been used in the clinic. In terms of immunotherapy, 1C metabolism has been used to explore biomarkers connected with immunotherapy response and immune-related adverse events in patients. METHODS We collected numerous literatures to explain the roles of one-carbon metabolism in cancer immunotherapy. RESULTS In this review, we focus on the important pathways in 1C metabolism and the function of 1C metabolism enzymes in cancer immunotherapy. Then, we summarise the inhibitors acting on 1C metabolism and their potential application on cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we provide a viewpoint and conclusion regarding the opportunities and challenges of targeting 1C metabolism for cancer immunotherapy in clinical practicability in the future. CONCLUSION Targeting one-carbon metabolism is useful for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ren
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Department of PathologyCancer CenterZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of PharmacyAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Guowan Zheng
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of PharmacyCenter for Clinical PharmacyCancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qiyue Wang
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Mengnan Yuan
- Department of PharmacyCenter for Clinical PharmacyCancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of PharmacyCenter for Clinical PharmacyCancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiajie Xu
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of PharmacyCenter for Clinical PharmacyCancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Minghua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Epigenetic Abnormalities in Chondrosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054539. [PMID: 36901967 PMCID: PMC10003547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in tumor pathology has improved greatly. DNA and histone modifications, such as methylation, demethylation, acetylation, and deacetylation, can lead to the up-regulation of oncogenic genes, as well as the suppression of tumor suppressor genes. Gene expression can also be modified on a post-transcriptional level by microRNAs that contribute to carcinogenesis. The role of these modifications has been already described in many tumors, e.g., colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. These mechanisms have also begun to be investigated in less common tumors, such as sarcomas. Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a rare type of tumor that belongs to sarcomas and is the second most common malignant bone tumor after osteosarcoma. Due to unknown pathogenesis and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapies of these tumors, there is a need to develop new potential therapies against CS. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the influence of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of CS by discussing potential candidates for future therapies. We also emphasize ongoing clinical trials that use drugs targeting epigenetic modifications in CS treatment.
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EZH2: An Accomplice of Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020425. [PMID: 36672374 PMCID: PMC9856299 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Understanding the factors influencing the therapeutic effects in gastric cancer patients and the molecular mechanism behind gastric cancer is still facing challenges. In addition to genetic alterations and environmental factors, it has been demonstrated that epigenetic mechanisms can also induce the occurrence and progression of gastric cancer. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2), which trimethylates histone 3 at Lys-27 and regulates the expression of downstream target genes through epigenetic mechanisms. It has been found that EZH2 is overexpressed in the stomach, which promotes the progression of gastric cancer through multiple pathways. In addition, targeted inhibition of EZH2 expression can effectively delay the progression of gastric cancer and improve its resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Given the many effects of EZH2 in gastric cancer, there are no studies to comprehensively describe this mechanism. Therefore, in this review, we first introduce EZH2 and clarify the mechanisms of abnormal expression of EZH2 in cancer. Secondly, we summarize the role of EZH2 in gastric cancer, which includes the association of the EZH2 gene with genetic susceptibility to GC, the correlation of the EZH2 gene with gastric carcinogenesis and invasive metastasis, the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs of gastric cancer mediated by EZH2 and the high expression of EZH2 leading to poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Finally, we also clarify some of the current statuses of drug development regarding targeted inhibition of EZH2/PRC2 activity.
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Yang Y, Zhang M, Wang Y. The roles of histone modifications in tumorigenesis and associated inhibitors in cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2022; 2:277-290. [PMID: 39036551 PMCID: PMC11256729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications are key factors in chromatin packaging, and are responsible for gene regulation during cell fate determination and development. Abnormal alterations in histone modifications potentially affect the stability of the genome and disrupt gene expression patterns, leading to many diseases, including cancer. In recent years, mounting evidence has shown that various histone modifications altered by aberrantly expressed modifier enzymes contribute to tumor development and metastasis through the induction of epigenetic, transcriptional, and phenotypic changes. In this review, we will discuss the existing histone modifications, both well-studied and rare ones, and their roles in solid tumors and hematopoietic cancers, to identify the molecular pathways involved and investigate targeted therapeutic drugs to reorganize the chromatin and enhance cancer treatment efficiency. Finally, clinical inhibitors of histone modifications are summarized to better understand the developmental stage of cancer therapy in using these drugs to inhibit the histone modification enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Lyu C, Wang L, Stadlbauer B, Noessner E, Buchner A, Pohla H. Identification of EZH2 as Cancer Stem Cell Marker in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and the Anti-Tumor Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4200. [PMID: 36077742 PMCID: PMC9454898 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a new therapeutic strategy to target cancer stem cells (CSCs) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and to identify typical CSC markers to improve therapy effectiveness. It was found that the corrected-mRNA expression-based stemness index was upregulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) tissues compared to non-tumor tissue and increased with higher tumor stage and grade. EZH2 was identified as a CSC marker and prognosis factor for KIRC patients. The expression of EZH2 was associated with several activated tumor-infiltrating immune cells. High expression of EZH2 was enriched in immune-related pathways, low expression was related to several metabolic pathways. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was identified as the most potent suppressor of EZH2, was able to inhibit viability, migration, and invasion, and to increase the apoptosis rate of ccRCC CSCs. KIF11, VEGF, and MMP2 were identified as predictive EGCG target genes, suggesting a potential mechanism of how EZH2 might regulate invasiveness and migration. The percentages of FoxP3+ Treg cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ccRCC patients decreased significantly when cultured with spheres pretreated with EGCG plus sunitinib compared to spheres without treatment. Our findings provide new insights into the treatment options of ccRCC based on targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lyu
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Lili Wang
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Birgit Stadlbauer
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
- Department of Urology, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Elfriede Noessner
- Immunoanalytics Research Group Tissue Control of Immunocytes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
- Department of Urology, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Pohla
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
- Department of Urology, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Wumei Pill Ameliorates AOM/DSS-Induced Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer through Inhibition of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Regulating S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase- (AHCY-) Mediated Hedgehog Signaling in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4061713. [PMID: 35927991 PMCID: PMC9345734 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4061713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wumei Pill (WMP) is a traditional Chinese herbal formulation and widely used to treat digestive system diseases in clinical. S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) can catalyze the hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine to adenosine and homocysteine in living organisms, and its abnormal expression is linked to the pathogenesis of many diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). A previous study reported that WMP could prevent CRC in mice; however, the underlying mechanisms especially the roles of AHCY in WMP-induced anti-CRC remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the regulatory roles and potential mechanisms of AHCY in WMP-induced anti-CRC. WMP notably alleviated the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium- (AOM/DSS-) induced colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) in mice. Besides, WMP inhibited the inflammation and oxidative stress in AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice. AHCY was high expression in clinical samples of colon cancer compared to the adjacent tissues. WMP inhibited the AHCY expression in AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice. An in vitro study found that AHCY overexpression induced cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and tumor angiogenesis, whereas its knockdown impaired its oncogenic function. AHCY overexpression enhanced, while its knockdown weakened the inflammation and oxidative stress in colon cancer cells. Interestingly, WMP potently suppressed the hedgehog (Hh) signaling in AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice. A further study showed that AHCY overexpression activated the Hh signaling while AHCY knockdown inactivated the Hh signaling. Moreover, activation of the Hh signaling reversed the effect of AHCY silencing on inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro. In conclusion, WMP alleviated the AOM/DSS-induced CAC through inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating AHCY-mediated hedgehog signaling in mice. These findings uncovered a potential molecular mechanism underlying the anti-CAC effect of WMP and suggested WMP as a promising therapeutic candidate for CRC.
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Enhanced Cytotoxic Effects in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Treated with Combined Methyltransferase Inhibitors and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040763. [PMID: 35453513 PMCID: PMC9029187 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined treatment of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCCs) with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis), histone methyltransferase inhibitors (HMTis), and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), and the molecular mechanisms underlying their anticancer effects, have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of combined DNMTis (5-Aza-deoxycytidine: 5-Aza-dC, RG108), HMTis (3-deazaneplanocin A: DZNep), and HDACis (trichostatin A: TSA) treatment on human OSCC cells and explored their molecular mechanisms. Combined 5-Aza-dC, or RG108, and TSA treatment significantly decreased HSC-2 and Ca9-22 cell viability. Combinatorial DZNep and TSA treatment also decreased Ca9-22 cell viability. Although caspase 3/7 activation was not observed in HSC-2 cells following combined treatment, caspase activity was significantly increased in Ca9-22 cells treated with DZNep and TSA. Moreover, combined treatment with 5-Aza-dC, RG108, and TSA increased the proportion of HSC-2 and Ca9-22 cells in the S and G2/M phases. Meanwhile, increased phosphorylation of the histone variant H2A.X, a marker of double-stranded DNA breaks, was observed in both cells after combination treatment. Hence, the decreased viability induced by combined treatment with epigenomic inhibitors results from apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phases. Thus, epigenomic therapy comprising combined low concentrations of DNMTi, HMTi, and HDACi is effective against OSCC.
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Zhang T, Guo Z, Huo X, Gong Y, Li C, Huang J, Wang Y, Feng H, Ma X, Jiang C, Yin Q, Xue L. Dysregulated lipid metabolism blunts the sensitivity of cancer cells to EZH2 inhibitor. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103872. [PMID: 35158113 PMCID: PMC8850333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sensitivity has been a key issue for Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitors in cancer therapy. The EZH2 inhibitor EPZ-6438 was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2020. However, its inadequate anti-cancer activity in solid tumors limits its clinical application. In this study, we utilized the multiple cancer cell lines, which are less sensitive to the EZH2 inhibitor GSK126, combining animal model and clinical data to investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods IncuCyte S3 was used to explore the difference in the responsiveness of hematological tumor cells and solid tumor cells to GSK126. Transcriptome and metabolome of B16F10 cells after GSK126 treatment were analyzed and the distinct changes in the metabolic profile were revealed. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot experiments were used to further verify the multi-omics data. ChIP-qPCR was performed to detected H3K27me3 enrichment of target genes. Finally, the anti-tumor effects of combining GSK126 and lipid metabolism drugs were observed with IncuCyte S3 platform, CCK-8 and animal model respectively. Findings We found that although the proliferative phenotype did not show strong difference upon treatment with GSK126, the transcriptome and metabolome changed profoundly. GSK126 treatment led to broad shifts in glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. Lipid synthesis was strengthened manifested by the increasing abundance of unsaturated fatty acids. SCD1 and ELOVL2 were regulated by H3K27me3 at gene regulatory region, and upregulated by EZH2 knockdown and inhibitors. SCD1 knockdown increased cellular sensitivity to GSK126. Based on the findings above, the application of the combination with SCD1 inhibitor significantly attenuated the proliferation of cancer and increased the sensitivity to GSK126 by suppressing desaturation of fatty acids. Interpretation Dysregulated lipid metabolism can blunt the sensitivity of cancer cells to GSK126. These characteristics shed light on the novel combination therapy strategies to combat tumor resistance. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81672091, No.91749107 and No. 81972966).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengrui Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhengyang Guo
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiao Huo
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yueqing Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hao Feng
- Faculty of science, Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C8, Canada.
| | - Xiaojuan Ma
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Qianqian Yin
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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Adibfar S, Elveny M, Kashikova HS, Mikhailova MV, Farhangnia P, Vakili-Samiani S, Tarokhian H, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of EZH2 in breast cancer. Life Sci 2021; 286:120047. [PMID: 34653429 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to its high occurrence and mortality rate, breast cancer has been studied from various aspects as one of the cancer field's hot topics in the last decade. Epigenetic alterations are spoused to be highly effective in breast cancer development. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an enzymatic epi-protein that takes part in most vital cell functions by its different action modes. EZH2 is suggested to be dysregulated in specific breast cancer types, particularly in advanced stages. Mounting evidence revealed that EZH2 overexpression or dysfunction affects the pathophysiology of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss biological aspects of the EZH2 molecule with a focus on its newly identified action mechanisms. We also highlight how EZH2 plays an essential role in breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and invasion, which emerged as a worthy target for treating breast cancer in different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Adibfar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marischa Elveny
- DS & CI Research Group, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Pooya Farhangnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Immunology Board for Transplantation and Advanced Cellular Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Vakili-Samiani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Tarokhian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Integrated Medicine and Aging Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Huang J, Zhang J, Guo Z, Li C, Tan Z, Wang J, Yang J, Xue L. Easy or Not-The Advances of EZH2 in Regulating T Cell Development, Differentiation, and Activation in Antitumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:741302. [PMID: 34737746 PMCID: PMC8560704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which regulates downstream gene expression by trimethylation of lysine 27 in histone H3 (H3K27me3). EZH2 mutations or overexpressions are associated with many types of cancer. As inhibition of EZH2 activity could upregulate the expression of tumor suppressor genes, EZH2 has recently become an interesting therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Moreover, accumulating evidence has shown that EZH2 may contribute to the regulation of immune cells, especially T cells. EZH2 regulates T cell development, differentiation, and function, suggesting that EZH2 also regulates immune homeostasis in addition to tumor suppressor genes. Moreover, EZH2 can regulate T cell fate by targeting non-T cell factors such as metabolism, cytokines, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The role of EZH2 in this process has not been fully addressed. This review discusses up-to-date research on EZH2-mediated regulation of immunological function and the progress of immunological therapeutic strategies based on this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyang Guo
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianling Yang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Li W, Wu H, Sui S, Wang Q, Xu S, Pang D. Targeting Histone Modifications in Breast Cancer: A Precise Weapon on the Way. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:736935. [PMID: 34595180 PMCID: PMC8476812 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications (HMs) contribute to maintaining genomic stability, transcription, DNA repair, and modulating chromatin in cancer cells. Furthermore, HMs are dynamic and reversible processes that involve interactions between numerous enzymes and molecular components. Aberrant HMs are strongly associated with tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer (BC), although the specific mechanisms are not completely understood. Moreover, there is no comprehensive overview of abnormal HMs in BC, and BC therapies that target HMs are still in their infancy. Therefore, this review summarizes the existing evidence regarding HMs that are involved in BC and the potential mechanisms that are related to aberrant HMs. Moreover, this review examines the currently available agents and approved drugs that have been tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies to evaluate their effects on HMs. Finally, this review covers the barriers to the clinical application of therapies that target HMs, and possible strategies that could help overcome these barriers and accelerate the use of these therapies to cure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiyao Sui
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Da Pang
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
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14
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He W, Cao X, Rong K, Chen X, Han S, Qin A. Combination of AZD3463 and DZNep Prevents Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer by Suppressing Akt Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652071. [PMID: 34122074 PMCID: PMC8193724 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolysis resulting from osteoclast overactivation is one of the severe complications of breast cancer metastasis to the bone. Previous studies reported that the anti-cancer agent DZNep induces cancer cell apoptosis by activating Akt signaling. However, the effect of DZNep on breast cancer bone metastasis is unknown. We previously found that DZNep enhances osteoclast differentiation by activating Akt. Therefore, we explored the use of the anti-cancer agent AZD3463 (an Akt inhibitor) along with DZNep, as AZD3463 can act as an anti-cancer agent and can also potentially ameliorate bone erosion. We evaluated osteoclast and breast cancer cell phenotypes and Akt signaling in vitro by treating cells with DZNep and AZD3463. Furthermore, we developed a breast cancer bone metastasis animal model in mouse tibiae to further determine their combined effects in vivo. Treatment of osteoclast precursor cells with DZNep alone increased osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and expression of osteoclast-specific genes. These effects were ameliorated by AZD3463. The combination of DZNep and AZD3463 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. Finally, intraperitoneal injection of DZNep and AZD3463 ameliorated tumor progression and protected against bone loss. In summary, DZNep combined with AZD3463 prevented skeletal complications and inhibited breast cancer progression by suppressing Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankun Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewei Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Singh P, Charles S, Madhavan T, Munusamy-Ramanujam G, Saraswathi NT, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J, Mala K. Pharmacologic downregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase1 expression by adenosine dialdehyde increases cell senescence in breast cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173697. [PMID: 33144068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of protein arginine methylation (PAM) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells through pharmacological intervention. Tamoxifen (TAM) or adenosine dialdehyde (ADOX), independently, triggered cell cycle arrest and down-regulated PAM, as reduced protein arginine methyltransferase1 (PRMT1) mRNA and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels. Synergistic effect of these compounds elicited potent anti-cancer effect. However, reduction in ADMA was not proportionate with the compound-induced down-regulation of PRMT1 mRNA. We hypothesized that the disproportionate effect is due to the influence of the compounds on other methyltransferases, which catalyze the arginine dimethylation reaction and the diversity in the degree of drug-protein interaction among these methyltransferases. In silico analyses revealed that independently, ADOX or TAM, binds with phosphatidylethanolamine-methyltransferase (PEMT) or betaine homocysteine-methyl transferase (BHMT); and that the binding affinity of ADOX with PEMT or BHMT is prominent than TAM. These observations suggest that in breast cancer, synergistic effect of ADOX + TAM elicits impressive protective function by regulating PAM; and plausibly, restoration of normal enzyme activities of methyltransferases catalyzing arginine dimethylation could have clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soniya Charles
- Department of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumurthy Madhavan
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Munusamy-Ramanujam
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, College of Engineering and Technology,SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N T Saraswathi
- Molecular Biophysics Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kanchana Mala
- Department of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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16
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Li T, Liu N, Gao Y, Quan Z, Hao Y, Yu C, Li L, Yuan M, Niu L, Luo C, Wu X. Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR regulates the invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer by targeting hepaCAM. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:247-258. [PMID: 33024272 PMCID: PMC7782544 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) has been proven to be important in tumorigenesis. However, how this molecule promotes metastasis and invasion in PCa is still unclear. Methods The relationship between HOTAIR and hepatocellular adhesion molecule (hepaCAM) in PCa was identified by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, plasmid transfection, quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting. The regulatory effects of HOTAIR on hepaCAM and MAPK signalling and their key roles in PCa metastasis were investigated in vitro. Results The expression of HOTAIR was inversely correlated with hepaCAM in the blood and tissue of PCa patients. Here, hepaCAM was identified as a novel target gene of HOTAIR and was critical for the invasiveness of PCa. HOTAIR recruited PRC2 to the hepaCAM promoter, resulting in high levels of H3K27me3 and the absence of hepaCAM with an abnormally activated MAPK pathway. Both HOTAIR depletion and EZH2 inhibition could induce hepaCAM re-expression with inhibitory MAPK signalling and decrease the invasive and metastatic capabilities of PCa cells. Conclusions This study demonstrates that HOTAIR promotes invasion and metastasis of PCa by decreasing the inhibitory effect of hepaCAM on MAPK signalling. Therefore, the HOTAIR/hepaCAM/MAPK axis may provide a new avenue towards therapeutic strategies and prognostic indicators for advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Nanjing Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Quan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanni Hao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaowen Yu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Luo Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjuan Yuan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Łukasik B, Mikina M, Mikołajczyk M, Pawłowska R, Żurawiński R. A novel route to a chiral building block for the preparation of cyclopentenyl carbocyclic nucleosides. Synthesis and anticancer activity of enantiomeric neplanocins A. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31838-31847. [PMID: 35518147 PMCID: PMC9056547 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06394k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of both enantiomers of 3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl-4,5-O-isopropylidenecyclopent-2-en-1-ol was accomplished in six steps based on optically inactive dimethyl meso-tartrate. This key intermediate in the synthesis of cyclopentenyl carbocyclic nucleosides was subsequently applied in the preparation of enantiomeric neplanocins A. The toxic effect of these compounds was investigated for a series of suspension and adherent cancer cell lines and normal human fibroblasts. (-)-Neplanocin A ((-)-NPA) was more toxic against all tested cancer cell lines than its dextrorotary counterpart. The highest toxicity with IC50 values of 7 and 10 μM was observed for the MOLT-4 and A431 cells, respectively. Moreover, (-)-NPA also induced apoptosis in A431 cell while this effect was not observed for (+)-NPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Łukasik
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland +48-426803260
| | - Maciej Mikina
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland +48-426803260
| | - Marian Mikołajczyk
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland +48-426803260
| | - Róża Pawłowska
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
| | - Remigiusz Żurawiński
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland +48-426803260
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18
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Zhang T, Gong Y, Meng H, Li C, Xue L. Symphony of epigenetic and metabolic regulation-interaction between the histone methyltransferase EZH2 and metabolism of tumor. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:72. [PMID: 32448308 PMCID: PMC7245796 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that epigenetic and metabolic alterations in cancer cells are highly intertwined. As the master epigenetic regulator, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) suppresses gene transcription mainly by catalyzing the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and exerts highly enzymatic activity in cancer cells. Cancer cells undergo the profound metabolic reprogramming and manifest the distinct metabolic profile. The emerging studies have explored that EZH2 is involved in altering the metabolic profiles of tumor cells by multiple pathways, which cover glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. Meanwhile, the stability and methyltransferase activity of EZH2 can be also affected by the metabolic activity of tumor cells through various mechanisms, including post-translational modification. In this review, we have summarized the correlation between EZH2 and cellular metabolic activity during tumor progression and drug treatment. Finally, as a promising target, we proposed a novel strategy through a combination of EZH2 inhibitors with metabolic regulators for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengrui Zhang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yueqing Gong
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Hui Meng
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Chen Li
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
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19
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Xu W, Huang M, Guo J, Zhang H, Wang D, Liu T, Liu H, Chen S, Gao P, Mu K. The Role of CHK1 Varies with the Status of Oestrogen-receptor and Progesterone-receptor in the Targeted Therapy for Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1388-1402. [PMID: 32210727 PMCID: PMC7085233 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.41627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The therapeutic effects of the checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1)-targeted inhibition in tumor therapy have been confirmed, but how to choose an effective application method in breast cancer with heterogeneous molecular characteristics has remained unclear. Methods: We evaluated the status of CHK1 in breast cancer using the cancer genome atlas database. Chemosensitivity and single-agent antitumor activity of CHK1 inhibition were measured by drug sensitivity assay, cell proliferation assay, cell cycle and apoptosis analysis in breast cancer with different ER/PR status. And based on the conjoint transcriptome atlas analyses, the corresponding mechanism were explored. Results: In ER-/PR-/HER2- breast cancer, CHK1 inhibition enhanced adriamycin (ADR) chemosensitivity which was mediated by the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC)-anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)-cyclin B1 axis, Msh homeobox 2 (MSX2) and Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BIM). However, in ER+/PR+/HER2- breast cancer, because of the significant suppression for centromere protein F (CENPF)-mediated transcriptional activation of CHK1 induced by ADR itself, CHK1 inhibition fails to sensitize ADR toxicity. Interestingly, CHK1 inhibition showed the single-agent antitumor activity in ER+/PR+/HER2- breast cancer which was mediated by the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21), kinesin family member 11 (Eg5) and cell surface death receptor (Fas). Conclusions: CHK1's variable role determines the application of CHK1 inhibition in breast cancer with ER/PR heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Minghua Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Huiting Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Depeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haiting Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shiming Chen
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Kun Mu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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20
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den Broeder MJ, Ballangby J, Kamminga LM, Aleström P, Legler J, Lindeman LC, Kamstra JH. Inhibition of methyltransferase activity of enhancer of zeste 2 leads to enhanced lipid accumulation and altered chromatin status in zebrafish. Epigenetics Chromatin 2020; 13:5. [PMID: 32051014 PMCID: PMC7014624 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-0329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies indicate that exposure to environmental chemicals may increase susceptibility to developing metabolic diseases. This susceptibility may in part be caused by changes to the epigenetic landscape which consequently affect gene expression and lead to changes in lipid metabolism. The epigenetic modifier enhancer of zeste 2 (Ezh2) is a histone H3K27 methyltransferase implicated to play a role in lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. In this study, we used the zebrafish (Danio rerio) to investigate the role of Ezh2 on lipid metabolism and chromatin status following developmental exposure to the Ezh1/2 inhibitor PF-06726304 acetate. We used the environmental chemical tributyltin (TBT) as a positive control, as this chemical is known to act on lipid metabolism via EZH-mediated pathways in mammals. Results Zebrafish embryos (0–5 days post-fertilization, dpf) exposed to non-toxic concentrations of PF-06726304 acetate (5 μM) and TBT (1 nM) exhibited increased lipid accumulation. Changes in chromatin were analyzed by the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) at 50% epiboly (5.5 hpf). We observed 349 altered chromatin regions, predominantly located at H3K27me3 loci and mostly more open chromatin in the exposed samples. Genes associated to these loci were linked to metabolic pathways. In addition, a selection of genes involved in lipid homeostasis, adipogenesis and genes specifically targeted by PF-06726304 acetate via altered chromatin accessibility were differentially expressed after TBT and PF-06726304 acetate exposure at 5 dpf, but not at 50% epiboly stage. One gene, cebpa, did not show a change in chromatin, but did show a change in gene expression at 5 dpf. Interestingly, underlying H3K27me3 marks were significantly decreased at this locus at 50% epiboly. Conclusions Here, we show for the first time the applicability of ATAC-seq as a tool to investigate toxicological responses in zebrafish. Our analysis indicates that Ezh2 inhibition leads to a partial primed state of chromatin linked to metabolic pathways which results in gene expression changes later in development, leading to enhanced lipid accumulation. Although ATAC-seq seems promising, our in-depth assessment of the cebpa locus indicates that we need to consider underlying epigenetic marks as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo J den Broeder
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jarle Ballangby
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonie M Kamminga
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Wageningen University and Research Library, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Aleström
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leif C Lindeman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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21
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De La Rosa J, Urdiciain A, Zazpe I, Zelaya MV, Meléndez B, Rey JA, Idoate MA, Castresana JS. The synergistic effect of DZ‑NEP, panobinostat and temozolomide reduces clonogenicity and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:283-300. [PMID: 31746375 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment against glioblastoma consists of surgical resection followed by temozolomide, with or without combined radiotherapy. Glioblastoma frequently acquires resistance to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Novel therapeutic approaches are thus required. The inhibition of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2; a histone methylase) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are possible epigenetic treatments. Temozolomide, 3‑deazaneplanocin A (DZ‑Nep; an EZH2 inhibitor) and panobinostat (an HDAC inhibitor) were tested in regular and temozolomide‑resistant glioblastoma cells to confirm whether the compounds could behave in a synergistic, additive or antagonistic manner. A total of six commercial cell lines, two temozolomide‑induced resistant cell lines and two primary cultures derived from glioblastoma samples were used. Cell lines were exposed to single treatments of the drugs in addition to all possible two‑ and three‑drug combinations. Colony formation assays, synergistic assays and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR analysis of apoptosis‑associated genes were performed. The highest synergistic combination was DZ‑Nep + panobinostat. Triple treatment was also synergistic. Reduced clonogenicity and increased apoptosis were both induced. It was concluded that the therapeutic potential of the combination of these three drugs in glioblastoma was evident and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier De La Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Urdiciain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Idoya Zazpe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Complex of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María V Zelaya
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Complex of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Meléndez
- Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Salud Hospital, 45005 Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan A Rey
- IdiPaz Research Unit, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Idoate
- Department of Pathology, University of Navarra Clinic, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier S Castresana
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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22
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CD133 in Breast Cancer Cells: More than a Stem Cell Marker. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:7512632. [PMID: 31636668 PMCID: PMC6766124 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7512632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Initially correlated with hematopoietic precursors, the surface expression of CD133 was also found in epithelial and nonepithelial cells from adult tissues in which it has been associated with a number of biological events. CD133 is expressed in solid tumors as well, including breast cancer, in which most of the studies have been focused on its use as a surface marker for the detection of cells with stem-like properties (i.e., cancer stem cells (CSCs)). Differently with other solid tumors, very limited and in part controversial are the information about the significance of CD133 in breast cancer, the most common malignancy among women in industrialized countries. In this review, we summarize the latest findings about the implication of CD133 in breast tumors, highlighting its role in tumor cells with a triple negative phenotype in which it directly regulates the expression of proteins involved in metastasis and drug resistance. We provide updates about the prognostic role of CD133, underlining its value as an indicator of increased malignancy of both noninvasive and invasive breast tumor cells. The molecular mechanisms at the basis of the regulation of CD133 levels in breast tumors have also been reviewed, highlighting experimental strategies capable to restrain its level that could be taken into account to reduce malignancy and/or to prevent the progression of breast tumors.
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Chen J, Zhang M, Zhang X, Fan L, Liu P, Yu L, Cao X, Qiu S, Xu Y. EZH2 inhibitor DZNep modulates microglial activation and protects against ischaemic brain injury after experimental stroke. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 857:172452. [PMID: 31202798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase, has been recognized to play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response in various diseases. However, its role in the inflammatory response induced by ischaemic stroke remains to be further investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the role of EZH2 in microglia-associated inflammation in ischaemic stroke and to further detect the effects of the EZH2 inhibitor, 3-deazaadenosine A (DZNep), in ischaemic brain injury. Here, we found that both in vivo ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment induced a marked upregulation of EZH2 in microglia. The administration of the EZH2 inhibitor DZNep improved behavioural performance and reduced the infarct volume in mice after experimental stroke. Furthermore, we showed that DZNep blocked pro-inflammatory (CD86+) microglial activation and triggered anti-inflammatory (CD206+) microglial polarization in experimental stroke. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and CXCL10 were also significantly downregulated by DZNep. In addition, it was found that DZNep blocked the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in microglia, which was increased by I/R injury and OGD. Collectively, we demonstrated that EZH2 is implicated in regulating microglial activation and exacerbates neurological deficits after ischaemic stroke, probably via activating STAT3, and that the EZH2 inhibitor DZNep can exert neuroprotective effects after ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lizhen Fan
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Linjie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shuwei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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24
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Yiew NKH, Greenway C, Zarzour A, Ahmadieh S, Goo B, Kim D, Benson TW, Ogbi M, Tang YL, Chen W, Stepp D, Patel V, Hilton R, Lu XY, Hui DY, Kim HW, Weintraub NL. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) regulates adipocyte lipid metabolism independent of adipogenic differentiation: Role of apolipoprotein E. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8577-8591. [PMID: 30971429 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), an epigenetic regulator that plays a key role in cell differentiation and oncogenesis, was reported to promote adipogenic differentiation in vitro by catalyzing trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27. However, inhibition of EZH2 induced lipid accumulation in certain cancer and hepatocyte cell lines. To address this discrepancy, we investigated the role of EZH2 in adipogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism using primary human and mouse preadipocytes and adipose-specific EZH2 knockout (KO) mice. We found that the EZH2-selective inhibitor GSK126 induced lipid accumulation in human adipocytes, without altering adipocyte differentiation marker gene expression. Moreover, adipocyte-specific EZH2 KO mice, generated by crossing EZH2 floxed mice with adiponectin-Cre mice, displayed significantly increased body weight, adipose tissue mass, and adipocyte cell size and reduced very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, as compared with littermate controls. These phenotypic alterations could not be explained by differences in feeding behavior, locomotor activity, metabolic energy expenditure, or adipose lipolysis. In addition, human adipocytes treated with either GSK126 or vehicle exhibited comparable rates of glucose-stimulated triglyceride accumulation and fatty acid uptake. Mechanistically, lipid accumulation induced by GSK126 in adipocytes was lipoprotein-dependent, and EZH2 inhibition or gene deletion promoted lipoprotein-dependent lipid uptake in vitro concomitant with up-regulated apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene expression. Deletion of ApoE blocked the effects of GSK126 to promote lipoprotein-dependent lipid uptake in murine adipocytes. Collectively, these results indicate that EZH2 inhibition promotes lipoprotein-dependent lipid accumulation via inducing ApoE expression in adipocytes, suggesting a novel mechanism of lipid regulation by EZH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K H Yiew
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Charlotte Greenway
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Abdalrahman Zarzour
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Samah Ahmadieh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Brandee Goo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - David Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Tyler W Benson
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Mourad Ogbi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Yao Liang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Weiqin Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - David Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Vijay Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Renee Hilton
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Digestive Diseases Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Xin-Yun Lu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - David Y Hui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Ha Won Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912.
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25
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Danishuddin, Subbarao N, Faheem M, Khan SN. Polycomb repressive complex 2 inhibitors: emerging epigenetic modulators. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:179-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Mochizuki D, Misawa Y, Kawasaki H, Imai A, Endo S, Mima M, Yamada S, Nakagawa T, Kanazawa T, Misawa K. Aberrant Epigenetic Regulation in Head and Neck Cancer Due to Distinct EZH2 Overexpression and DNA Hypermethylation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123707. [PMID: 30469511 PMCID: PMC6320890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of Zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) overexpression is associated with tumor proliferation, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Targeting and inhibition of EZH2 is a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We analyzed EZH2 mRNA expression in a well-characterized dataset of 230 (110 original and 120 validation cohorts) human head and neck cancer samples. This study aimed to investigate the effects of inhibiting EZH2, either via RNA interference or via pharmacotherapy, on HNSCC growth. EZH2 upregulation was significantly correlated with recurrence (p < 0.001) and the methylation index of tumor suppressor genes (p < 0.05). DNMT3A was significantly upregulated upon EZH2 upregulation (p = 0.043). Univariate analysis revealed that EZH2 upregulation was associated with poor disease-free survival (log-rank test, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, EZH2 upregulation was evaluated as a significant independent prognostic factor of disease-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.085, 95% confidence interval: 1.390–3.127; p < 0.001). Cells treated with RNA interference and DZNep, an EZH2 inhibitor, showed the most dramatic changes in expression, accompanied with a reduction in the growth and survival of FaDu cells. These findings suggest that EZH2 upregulation is correlated with tumor aggressiveness and adverse patient outcomes in HNSCC. Evaluation of EZH2 expression might help predict the prognosis of HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Mochizuki
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Yuki Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Imai
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Shiori Endo
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Masato Mima
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Takuya Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Takeharu Kanazawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Voice Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
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27
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Yoon JS, Jarhad DB, Kim G, Nayak A, Zhao LX, Yu J, Kim HR, Lee JY, Mulamoottil VA, Chandra G, Byun WS, Lee SK, Kim YC, Jeong LS. Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of fluorocyclopentenyl-purines and - pyrimidines. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:406-417. [PMID: 29906687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on the potent anticancer activity of 6'-fluorocyclopentenyl-cytosine 2b in phase IIa clinical trials for the treatment of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer, we carried out a systematic structure-activity relationship study of 6'-fluorocyclopentenyl-pyrimidines 3a-i and -purines 3j-o to discover novel anticancer agents. We also synthesized the phosphoramidate prodrug 3p of adenine derivative 1b to determine if the anticancer activity depended on the inhibition of DNA and/or RNA polymerase in cancer cells and/or on the inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase. All of the synthesized pyrimidine nucleosides exhibited much less potent anticancer activity in vitro than the cytosine derivative 2b, acting as RNA and/or DNA polymerase inhibitor, indicating that they could not be efficiently converted to their triphosphates for anticancer activity. Among all the synthesized purine nucleosides, adenine derivative 1b and N6-methyladenine derivative 3k showed potent anticancer activity, showing equipotent inhibitory activity as the positive control, neplanocin A (1a) or Ara-C. However, the phosphoramidate prodrug 3p showed less anticancer activity than 1b, indicating that it did not act as a RNA and/or DNA polymerase inhibitor like 2b. This result also demonstrates that the anticancer activity of 1b largely depends on the inhibition of histone methyltransferase, resulting from strong inhibition of SAH hydrolase. The deamination of the N6-amino group, the addition of the bulky alkyl group at the N6-amino group, or the introduction of the amino group at the C2 position almost abolished the anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seong Yoon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Dnyandev B Jarhad
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Gyudong Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Akshata Nayak
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Long Xuan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116-029, China
| | - Jinha Yu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Ji Yun Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Varughese A Mulamoottil
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Girish Chandra
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Woong Sub Byun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, South Korea.
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
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28
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Liu X, Wu Q, Li L. Functional and therapeutic significance of EZH2 in urological cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38044-38055. [PMID: 28410242 PMCID: PMC5514970 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a core subunit of the polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2), which is overexpressed in numerous cancers and mutated in several others. Notably, EZH2 acts not only a critical epigenetic repressor through its role in histone methylation, it is also an activator of gene expression, acting through multiple signaling pathways in distinct cancer types. Increasing evidence suggests that EZH2 is an oncogene and is central to initiation, growth and progression of urological cancers. In this review, we highlight the critical role of EZH2 as a master regulator of tumorigenesis in the prostate, bladder and the kidney through epigenetic control of transcription as well as a modulation of various critical signaling pathways. We also discuss the promise and challenges for EZH2 inhibitors as future anticancer therapeutics, some of which are currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingjian Wu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longkun Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Sun R, Shen J, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Yu Z, Hornicek F, Kan Q, Duan Z. Overexpression of EZH2 is associated with the poor prognosis in osteosarcoma and function analysis indicates a therapeutic potential. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38333-38346. [PMID: 27223261 PMCID: PMC5122393 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor that has a poor prognosis due to local recurrence, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma. Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is a member of the polycomb group of proteins, which has important functions in epigenetic silencing and cell cycle regulation. Overexpression of EZH2 has been found in several malignancies, however, its expression and the role of EZH2 in osteosarcoma is largely unknown. In this study, we examined EZH2 expression by immunohistochemistry in a large series of osteosarcoma tissues in association with tumor characteristics and patient outcomes. EZH2 expression was also analyzed in a microarray dataset of osteosarcoma. Results showed that higher expression of EZH2 was significantly associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and poor patient outcomes of osteosarcoma. We subsequently investigated the functional and therapeutic relevance of EZH2 as a target in osteosarcoma. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that EZH2 expression was significantly associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and poorer patient outcomes of osteosarcoma. EZH2 silencing by siRNA inhibited osteosarcoma cell growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, suppression of EZH2 attenuated cancer stem cell functions. Similar results were observed in osteosarcoma cells treated with EZH2 specific inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), which exhausted cellular levels of EZH2. These results suggest that EZH2 is critical for the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma, and an epigenetic therapy that pharmacologically targets EZH2 via specific inhibitors may constitute a novel approach to the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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30
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Singla H, Ludhiadch A, Kaur RP, Chander H, Kumar V, Munshi A. Recent advances in HER2 positive breast cancer epigenetics: Susceptibility and therapeutic strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:316-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Mora Vidal R, Regufe da Mota S, Hayden A, Markham H, Douglas J, Packham G, Crabb SJ. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Inhibition Identifies P38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Bladder Cancer. Urology 2017; 112:225.e1-225.e7. [PMID: 29154981 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate perturbations in downstream signaling pathway activation and potential resistance mechanisms to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibition in cell line models of bladder cancer. METHODS We undertook a structured screening approach by phosphokinase array, followed by validation steps, to detect activated downstream signaling pathway nodes after therapeutic inhibition of EGFR or HER2 in bladder cancer cell lines. RESULTS Erlotinib treatment of RT112 cells induced phosphorylation of 9 activated phosphoprotein targets (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] [Thr180/Tyr182], GSK-3α/β [Ser21/9], MEK1/2 [Ser218/222, Ser222/226], Akt (protein kinase B) [Ser473], TOR [target of rapamycin] [Ser2448], Src [Tyr419], p27 [Thr198], p27 [Thr157], and PLCγ-1 [Tyr783]), whereas STAT4 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 4) (Tyr693) phosphorylation was reduced. Of these, p38 MAPK phosphorylation was confirmed to occur in response to inhibition of either EGFR or HER2 signaling through multiple validation steps, including differing bladder cancer cell lines (RT112, UM-UC-3, and T24) and methods of receptor pathway inhibition (erlotinib, lapatinib, and siRNA depletion of EGFR or HER2). Chemical inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB203580 led to inhibition of proliferation in RT112, UM-UC-3, and T24 cell lines (IC50 20.85, 76.78, and 79.12 µM, respectively). Fractional effect analyses indicated a synergistic interaction for inhibition of cell proliferation when combining SB203580 with lapatinib. CONCLUSION p38 MAPK is a potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer and this strategy warrants further development in this disease. It may also allow combination therapy strategies to be developed in conjunction with EGFR or HER2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Mora Vidal
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Annette Hayden
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Markham
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - James Douglas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Crabb
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Lindsay CD, Kostiuk MA, Harris J, O'Connell DA, Seikaly H, Biron VL. Efficacy of EZH2 inhibitory drugs in human papillomavirus-positive and human papillomavirus-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:95. [PMID: 28878842 PMCID: PMC5586065 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide with rates of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) dramatically increasing. The overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase responsible for the trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3), is associated with a poor clinical prognosis and aggressive HPV-positive phenotypes. Methods We utilized three EZH2 pathway inhibitors, GSK-343, DZNeP, and EPZ-5687, and tested their efficacy in two HPV-positive and two HPV-negative OPSCC cell lines. Results Treatment with GSK-343 decreased H3K27me3 in all cell lines and treatment with DZNeP decreased H3K27me3 in only HPV-negative cell lines as determined by Western blot. Cells treated with EPZ-5687 displayed no appreciable change in H3K27me3. Epigenetic effect on gene expression was measured via ddPCR utilizing 11 target probes. Cells treated with DZNeP showed the most dramatic expressional changes, with decreased EGFR in HPV-positive cell lines and an overall increase in proliferation markers in HPV-negative cell lines. GSK-343-treated cells displayed moderate expressional changes, with CCND1 increased in HPV-positive cell lines and decreased TP53 in HPV-negative SCC-1. EPZ-5687-treated cell lines displayed few expressional changes overall. Only DZNeP-treated cells displayed anti-proliferative characteristics shown in wound-healing assays. Conclusions Our findings suggest that EZH2 inhibitors are a viable therapeutic option for the role of epigenetic effect, potentially sensitizing tumors to current chemotherapies or limiting cell differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-017-0390-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morris A Kostiuk
- Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Jeff Harris
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Daniel A O'Connell
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Hadi Seikaly
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Vincent L Biron
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
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Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometriosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6804. [PMID: 28754964 PMCID: PMC5533797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
EZH2, a subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) catalyzing trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27), induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancers. However, whether EZH2 regulates EMT in endometriosis is unclear. Here, we show that EZH2 expression, along with its associated PRC2 proteins, is significantly elevated in ectopic and eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis as compared with control endometrium. EZH2 knockdown or inhibition restored the epithelial phenotypes of endometriotic epithelial cells, concomitant with the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of vimentin and transcription factors (Snail and Slug) as well as reduced cellular migratory and invasive propensity. Conversely, overexpression of EZH2 induced the expression of Snail, Slug and vimentin and suppresses E-cadherin expression. In vivo administration of 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), an EZH2 inhibitor, significantly inhibited the growth of endometriotic lesions and improved generalized hyperalgesia, along with attenuated EMT and reduced fibrosis in endometriosis. Notably, platelets induced EZH2 upregulation and increased H3K27 and H3K9 trimethylation levels in endometriotic epithelial cells. These data identify EZH2 as a novel driver of EMT in endometriosis, implicates the link between wound healing and epigenetic changes in the context of endometriosis, and underscore the role of platelets in the development of endometriosis.
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Barroso M, Handy DE, Castro R. The Link Between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Hypomethylation. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409817698994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Barroso
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rita Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Huang Y, Zhang J, Yu Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Lingel A, Qi W, Gu J, Zhao K, Shultz MD, Wang L, Fu X, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Jiang X, Zhang J, Zhang C, Li L, Zeng J, Feng L, Zhang C, Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhang L, Zhao M, Gao Z, Liu X, Fang D, Guo H, Mi Y, Gabriel T, Dillon MP, Atadja P, Oyang C. Discovery of First-in-Class, Potent, and Orally Bioavailable Embryonic Ectoderm Development (EED) Inhibitor with Robust Anticancer Efficacy. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2215-2226. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jeff Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtian Yu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Youzhen Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Andreas Lingel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Wei Qi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Justin Gu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kehao Zhao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Michael D. Shultz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Long Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xingnian Fu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongfeng Sun
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiangqing Jiang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunye Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling Li
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jue Zeng
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lijian Feng
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengxi Zhao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenting Gao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xianghui Liu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Douglas Fang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haibing Guo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuan Mi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tobias Gabriel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Michael P. Dillon
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Peter Atadja
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Counde Oyang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Jia Y, Li P, Song W, Zhao G, Zheng D, Li D, Wang Y, Wang J, Li C, Han K. Rational Design of a Profluorescent Substrate for S-adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase and its Applications in Bioimaging and Inhibitor Screening. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:25818-25824. [PMID: 27626909 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHase) is a cellular enzyme that plays a key role in the methylation process, and a potential drug target in the discovery of antiviral and anticancer agents. There is increasing interest in determining its activity in the biological and clinical fields with chemosensors but with limited success so far. Herein, we designed and developed for the first time an off/on-type of fluorogenic substrate (NADE) that is directly responsive to SAHase activity. NADE used 1,8-naphthalimide as the signal reporter and adenosine (Ade) as the reaction center; removal of the Ade moiety enhanced the fluorescence by >10-fold. Kinetic study showed that NADE followed a non-Michaelis-Menten pattern that corresponded to the allosteric behavior of SAHase. NADE showed excellent selectivity and functioned efficiently in cells, allowing the microscopic imaging of SAHase activity. NADE can also be used to identify and measure the effectiveness of inhibitors in a markedly superior way. In a word, NADE would be broadly useful in clinical applications and academic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Guangjiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Daoyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Keli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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Scope, limitations and classification of lactamases. J Biotechnol 2016; 235:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Graça I, Pereira-Silva E, Henrique R, Packham G, Crabb SJ, Jerónimo C. Epigenetic modulators as therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:98. [PMID: 27651838 PMCID: PMC5025578 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common non-cutaneous malignancies among men worldwide. Epigenetic aberrations, including changes in DNA methylation patterns and/or histone modifications, are key drivers of prostate carcinogenesis. These epigenetic defects might be due to deregulated function and/or expression of the epigenetic machinery, affecting the expression of several important genes. Remarkably, epigenetic modifications are reversible and numerous compounds that target the epigenetic enzymes and regulatory proteins were reported to be effective in cancer growth control. In fact, some of these drugs are already being tested in clinical trials. This review discusses the most important epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer, highlighting the role of epigenetic modulating compounds in pre-clinical and clinical trials as potential therapeutic agents for prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Graça
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal ; School of Allied Health Sciences (ESTSP), Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Pereira-Silva
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal ; Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal ; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, The Somers Cancer Research Building, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, S016 6YD UK
| | - Simon J Crabb
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, The Somers Cancer Research Building, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, S016 6YD UK
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal ; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
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Takashina T, Kinoshita I, Kikuchi J, Shimizu Y, Sakakibara-Konishi J, Oizumi S, Nishimura M, Dosaka-Akita H. Combined inhibition of EZH2 and histone deacetylases as a potential epigenetic therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:955-62. [PMID: 27116120 PMCID: PMC4946723 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries have revealed that human cancer involves aberrant epigenetic alterations. We and others have previously shown that the histone methyltransferase EZH2, the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is frequently overexpressed in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and that an EZH2 inhibitor, 3‐deazaneplanocin A, inhibits the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Transcriptional silencing by EZH2 was recently shown to be required for the activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) that interact with another PRC2 protein, EED. To develop a more effective epigenetic therapy for NSCLC, we determined the effects of co‐treatment with 3‐deazaneplanocin A and the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat (SAHA) in NSCLC cells. The co‐treatment synergistically suppressed the proliferation of all tested NSCLC cell lines, regardless of their epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status. The synergistic effect was associated with slightly decreased histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation, modestly increased histone acetylation, and the depletion of EZH2 and other PRC2 proteins. The co‐treatment resulted in an accumulation of p27Kip1, decrease in cyclin A, and increased apoptotic fraction in an additive/synergistic manner. Interestingly, the co‐treatment strongly suppressed EGFR signaling, not only in EGFR‐wild‐type NSCLC cells, but also in EGFR‐mutant cells, mainly through dephosphorylation of EGFR. Furthermore, the co‐treatment suppressed the in vivo tumor growth of EGFR‐mutant, EGFR–tyrosine kinase‐resistant H1975 cells more effectively than did each agent alone, without visible toxicity. These results suggest that the combined pharmacological targeting of EZH2 and HDACs may provide more effective epigenetic therapeutics for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Takashina
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kinoshita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junko Kikuchi
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimizu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Oizumi
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nishimura
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Tan XD, Mao LG, Wu W, Nian SY, Wang GP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted indazolyl amide derivatives as S -adenosyl- l -homocysteine hydrolase inhibitors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Basler G, Nikoloski Z, Larhlimi A, Barabási AL, Liu YY. Control of fluxes in metabolic networks. Genome Res 2016; 26:956-68. [PMID: 27197218 PMCID: PMC4937563 DOI: 10.1101/gr.202648.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the control of large-scale metabolic networks is central to biology and medicine. However, existing approaches either require specifying a cellular objective or can only be used for small networks. We introduce new coupling types describing the relations between reaction activities, and develop an efficient computational framework, which does not require any cellular objective for systematic studies of large-scale metabolism. We identify the driver reactions facilitating control of 23 metabolic networks from all kingdoms of life. We find that unicellular organisms require a smaller degree of control than multicellular organisms. Driver reactions are under complex cellular regulation in Escherichia coli, indicating their preeminent role in facilitating cellular control. In human cancer cells, driver reactions play pivotal roles in malignancy and represent potential therapeutic targets. The developed framework helps us gain insights into regulatory principles of diseases and facilitates design of engineering strategies at the interface of gene regulation, signaling, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Basler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín CSIC, Granada, 18008 Spain
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476 Germany
| | - Abdelhalim Larhlimi
- Laboratoire d'Informatique de Nantes Atlantique, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44322 France
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Center for Complex Network Research and Departments of Physics, Computer Science, and Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Yang-Yu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Sun S, Yu F, Zhang L, Zhou X. EZH2, an on–off valve in signal network of tumor cells. Cell Signal 2016; 28:481-487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Han Li C, Chen Y. Targeting EZH2 for cancer therapy: progress and perspective. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2016; 16:559-70. [PMID: 25854924 PMCID: PMC4997953 DOI: 10.2174/1389203716666150409100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is the core component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), possessing the enzymatic activity in generating di/tri-methylated lysine 27 in histone H3. EZH2 has important roles during early development, and its dysregulation is heavily linked to oncogenesis in various tissue types. Accumulating evidences suggest a remarkable therapeutic potential by targeting EZH2 in cancer cells. The first part reviews current strategies to target EZH2 in cancers, and evaluates the available compounds and agents used to disrupt EZH2 functions. Then we provide insight to the future direction of the research on targeting EZH2 in different cancer types. We comprehensively discuss the current understandings of the 1) structure and biological activity of EZH2, 2) its role during the assembling of PRC2 and recruitment of other protein components, 3) the molecular events directing EZH2 to target genomic regions, and 4) post-translational modification at EZH2 protein. The discussion provides the basis to inspire the development of novel strategies to abolish EZH2-related effects in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yangchao Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
Recent genomic studies have resulted in an emerging understanding of the role of chromatin regulators in the development of cancer. EZH2, a histone methyl transferase subunit of a Polycomb repressor complex, is recurrently mutated in several forms of cancer and is highly expressed in numerous others. Notably, both gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations occur in cancers but are associated with distinct cancer types. Here we review the spectrum of EZH2-associated mutations, discuss the mechanisms underlying EZH2 function, and synthesize a unifying perspective that the promotion of cancer arises from disruption of the role of EZH2 as a master regulator of transcription. We further discuss EZH2 inhibitors that are now showing early signs of promise in clinical trials and also additional strategies to combat roles of EZH2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly H. Kim
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles W. M. Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
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Fujii K, Zhang H, Usuda K, Watanabe G, Nagaoka K. Lactogenic hormone stimulation and epigenetic control of L-amino acid oxidase expression in lactating mammary glands. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2755-62. [PMID: 25820447 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
L-amino acid oxidase (LAO), a classic flavoprotein, shows antibacterial activity by producing hydrogen peroxide. LAO exists in many tissues such as salivary gland, thymus, spleen, small intestine and testis. In particular, LAO was highly expressed in mice milk and plays an important factor in innate immunity of mammary glands. However, the mechanism which LAO expression is regulated spatially and temporally in lactating mammary glands has been unclear. In this study, we showed the contribution of lactogenic hormone and epigenetic control on LAO gene expression. In monolayer of mammary epithelial cells, treatment of lactogenic hormone mixture, dexamethasone, insulin and prolactin, did not induce LAO mRNA expression and its promoter activity, even though one of milk protein β-casein expression was stimulated. However, increase of LAO expression was observed when the cells were treated with lactogenic hormones in a 3-dimensional culture. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that histone H3K18 acetylation increased and histone H3K27 tri-methylation decreased with lactation, which is associated with a period of high LAO expression. Moreover, the treatment of histone methylation inhibitor (DZNep) as well as histone deacetylation inhibitor (Trichostatine A) induced LAO expression in monolayer of mammary cells. Taken together, this is the first demonstration showing that LAO expression is induced in cell culture, and stimulation of lactogenic hormone and change of histone modification are promising signals to show highly expression of LAO in lactating mammary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Fujii
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kento Usuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Li CF, Tsai HH, Ko CY, Pan YC, Yen CJ, Lai HY, Yuh CH, Wu WC, Wang JM. HMDB and 5-AzadC Combination Reverses Tumor Suppressor CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Delta to Strengthen the Death of Liver Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2623-33. [PMID: 26358750 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can arise from chronic inflammation due to viral infection, organ damage, drug toxicity, or alcohol abuse. Moreover, gene desensitization via aberrant CpG island methylation is a frequent epigenetic defect in HCC. However, the details of how inflammation is linked with epigenetic-mediated desensitization of tumor suppressor genes remains less investigated. In this study, we found that loss of CEBPD enhances the growth of liver cancer cells and is associated with the occurrence of liver cancers, as determined by the assessment of clinical specimens and in vivo animal models. Moreover, E2F1-regulated epigenetic axis attenuated CEBPD expression in liver cancer cells. CEBPD is responsive to the hydroxymethyldibenzoylmethane (HMDB)-induced p38/CREB pathway and plays an important role in the HMDB-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. Regarding depression of epigenetic effects to enhance HMDB-induced CEBPD expression, the combination of HMDB and 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AzadC) could enhance the death of liver cancer cells and reduce the tumor formation of Huh7 xenograft mice. In conclusion, these results suggest that CEBPD could be a useful diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in HCC. The results also reveal the therapeutic potential for low-dose 5-AzadC to enhance the HMDB-induced death of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hwa Tsai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yuan Ko
- Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yue Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Hwa Yuh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Dymińska L. Imidazopyridines as a source of biological activity and their pharmacological potentials—Infrared and Raman spectroscopic evidence of their content in pharmaceuticals and plant materials. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6087-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Zhang L, Deng L, Chen F, Yao Y, Wu B, Wei L, Mo Q, Song Y. Inhibition of histone H3K79 methylation selectively inhibits proliferation, self-renewal and metastatic potential of breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10665-77. [PMID: 25359765 PMCID: PMC4279401 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine methylation regulates gene expression and cancer initiation. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that DOT1L, a histone H3-lysine79 (H3K79) methyltransferase, plays a potentially important role in breast cancer. DOT1L inhibition selectively inhibited proliferation, self-renewal, metastatic potential of breast cancer cells and induced cell differentiation. In addition, inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH), such as neplanocin and 3-deazaneplanocin, also inhibited both H3K79 methylation and proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The activity of SAHH inhibitors was previously attributed to inhibition of H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2. However, inhibition of EZH2 by a specific inhibitor did not contribute to cell death. SAHH inhibitors had only weak activity against H3K27 methylation and their activity is therefore mainly due to DOT1L/H3K79 methylation inhibition. Overall, we showed that DOT1L is a potential drug target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisheng Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bulan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liping Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongcheng Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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D'Angelo V, Iannotta A, Ramaglia M, Lombardi A, Zarone MR, Desiderio V, Affinita MC, Pecoraro G, Di Martino M, Indolfi P, Casale F, Caraglia M. EZH2 is increased in paediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is a suitable molecular target in combination treatment approaches. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:83. [PMID: 26268310 PMCID: PMC4535295 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) represents about 10–15 % of pediatric ALL cases. EZH2, one of the components of Polycomb group proteins (PRC2) complex, catalyzes the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 that is associated with transcriptional repression and tumor development. Methods We examined the expression levels of PRC2 complex in primary samples of T cells ALL at diagnosis by western blotting and real time PCR. We evaluated the effect of 3-deazaneplanocin-A (DZNep), an EZH2 inhibitor, alone and in combination with Daunoblastine on cell viability, apoptotic death and cell cycle distribution of T cell established Jurkat cell line. Results EZH2 was expressed in 75 % samples at different extents mainly with high expression level. SUZ12 was expressed in 60 % samples and EED in all samples, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier analysis shows that T-ALL expressing EZH2 had a lower probability of disease-free survival (DFS) compared to T-ALL negative for EZH2 (23 % vs 100 %) (p = 0.01). The EZH2 inhibitor DZNep used in combination with Daunoblastine was synergistic in inducing growth inhibition and increasing the apoptosis in T-ALL Jurkat cells at 48 and 72 h paralleled by EZH2 decreased expression. Moreover, the combination decreased the activity of Erk-1/2 proliferation enzymes with no effects on Akt survival pathway. Conclusions The evaluation of EZH2 expression in pediatric T-ALL can be useful in predict the clinical outcome of the patients and EZH2 can be a useful target to improve the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy in this subset of patients with bad prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D'Angelo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Pediatric Oncology Unit - Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - A Iannotta
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Pediatric Oncology Unit - Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - M Ramaglia
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Pediatric Oncology Unit - Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - A Lombardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via S.M. Costantinopoli, 16, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - M R Zarone
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via S.M. Costantinopoli, 16, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - V Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - M C Affinita
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Pediatric Oncology Unit - Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - G Pecoraro
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Pediatric Oncology Unit - Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - M Di Martino
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Pediatric Oncology Unit - Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - P Indolfi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Pediatric Oncology Unit - Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - F Casale
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Pediatric Oncology Unit - Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - M Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via S.M. Costantinopoli, 16, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Momparler RL, Côté S. Targeting of cancer stem cells by inhibitors of DNA and histone methylation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1031-43. [PMID: 26004134 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Curative chemotherapy should target cancer stem cells (CSCs). The key characteristics of CSCs are a block in differentiation and an epigenetic signature similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Differentiation by ESCs and CSCs is suppressed by gene silencing through the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and/or DNA methylation. PRC2 contains the EZH2 subunit, which catalyzes the trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27, a gene silencing marker. It is possible to reverse this 'double lock' mechanism using a combination of inhibitors of EZH2 and DNA methylation (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine), which exhibits remarkable synergistic antineoplastic activity in preclinical studies. AREAS COVERED The authors discuss several specific EZH2 inhibitors that have been synthesized with antineoplastic activity. One such inhibitor, EPZ-6438 (E7438), has been shown to be effective against lymphoma in a Phase I study. The indirect EZH2 inhibitor, 3-deazaneplanocin-A (DZNep), also exhibits remarkable anticancer activity due to its inhibition of methionine metabolism. EXPERT OPINION Agents that target EZH2 warrant Phase I trials. Due to its positive pharmacodynamics, DZNep merits a high priority for clinical investigation. Agents that show positive results in Phase I studies should be advanced to clinical trials for use in combination with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine due to the interesting potential of this epigenetic therapy to target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Momparler
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche, Département de Pharmacologie , CHU-Saint-Justine, Montréal, Québec , Canada
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