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Alrumaihi F. Chemoinformatics and machine learning techniques to identify novel inhibitors of the lemur tyrosine kinase-3 receptor involved in breast cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1366763. [PMID: 38638686 PMCID: PMC11025642 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1366763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is still the largest cause of cancer death in women, and around 70% of primary breast cancer patients are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, which is the most frequent kind of breast cancer. The lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (LMTK3) receptor has been linked to estrogen responsiveness in breast cancer. However, the function of LMTK3 in reaction to cytotoxic chemotherapy has yet to be studied. Breast cancer therapy research remains tricky due to a paucity of structural investigations on LMTK3. We performed structural investigations on LMTK3 using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the LMTK3 receptor in complex with the top three inhibitor molecules along with a control inhibitor. Analysis revealed the top three compounds show the best binding affinities during docking simulations. Interactive analysis of hydrogen bonds inferred hotspot residues Tyr163, Asn138, Asp133, Tyr56, Glu52, Ser132, Asp313, and Asp151. Some other residues in the 5-Å region determined strong alkyl bonds and conventional hydrogen bond linkages. Furthermore, protein dynamics analysis revealed significant modifications among the top complexes and the control system. There was a transition from a loop to a-helix conformation in the protein-top1 complex, and in contrast, in complexes top2 and top3, the formation of a stabilizing sheet in the C chain was observed, which limited significant mobility and increased complex stability. Significant structural alterations were observed in the protein-top complexes, including a shorter helix region and the creation of some loop regions in comparison to the control system. Interestingly, binding free energies, including MMGB/PBSA WaterSwap analysis estimation, reveals that the top1 complex system was more stable than other systems, especially in comparison to the control inhibitor complex system. These results suggest a the plausible mode of action for the novel inhibitors. Therefore, the current investigation contributes to understanding the mechanism of action, serving as a basis for future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Vella V, Ditsiou A, Chalari A, Eravci M, Wooller SK, Gagliano T, Bani C, Kerschbamer E, Karakostas C, Xu B, Zhang Y, Pearl FM, Lopez G, Peng L, Stebbing J, Klinakis A, Giamas G. Kinome-Wide Synthetic Lethal Screen Identifies PANK4 as a Modulator of Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306027. [PMID: 38353396 PMCID: PMC11022721 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) represents the cornerstone of therapy for glioblastoma (GBM). However, acquisition of resistance limits its therapeutic potential. The human kinome is an undisputable source of druggable targets, still, current knowledge remains confined to a limited fraction of it, with a multitude of under-investigated proteins yet to be characterized. Here, following a kinome-wide RNAi screen, pantothenate kinase 4 (PANK4) isuncovered as a modulator of TMZ resistance in GBM. Validation of PANK4 across various TMZ-resistant GBM cell models, patient-derived GBM cell lines, tissue samples, as well as in vivo studies, corroborates the potential translational significance of these findings. Moreover, PANK4 expression is induced during TMZ treatment, and its expression is associated with a worse clinical outcome. Furthermore, a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic approach, reveals that PANK4 abrogation leads to a significant downregulation of a host of proteins with central roles in cellular detoxification and cellular response to oxidative stress. More specifically, as cells undergo genotoxic stress during TMZ exposure, PANK4 depletion represents a crucial event that can lead to accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent cell death. Collectively, a previously unreported role for PANK4 in mediating therapeutic resistance to TMZ in GBM is unveiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Vella
- Department of Biochemistry and BiomedicineSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Sussex, FalmerBrightonBN1 9QGUK
| | - Angeliki Ditsiou
- Department of Biochemistry and BiomedicineSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Sussex, FalmerBrightonBN1 9QGUK
| | - Anna Chalari
- Center of Basic ResearchBiomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of AthensAthens11527Greece
| | - Murat Eravci
- Department of Biochemistry and BiomedicineSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Sussex, FalmerBrightonBN1 9QGUK
| | - Sarah K. Wooller
- School of Life SciencesBioinformatics GroupUniversity of Sussex, FalmerBrightonBN1 9QGUK
| | | | - Cecilia Bani
- Department of Biochemistry and BiomedicineSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Sussex, FalmerBrightonBN1 9QGUK
| | | | - Christos Karakostas
- Center of Basic ResearchBiomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of AthensAthens11527Greece
| | - Bin Xu
- Cancer CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430064China
| | - Yongchang Zhang
- Department of Medical OncologyLung Cancer and Gastrointestinal UnitHunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan430064China
| | - Frances M.G. Pearl
- School of Life SciencesBioinformatics GroupUniversity of Sussex, FalmerBrightonBN1 9QGUK
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Division of PathologyFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda – Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilan20122Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental SciencesUniversity of MilanMilan20122Italy
| | - Ling Peng
- Department of Respiratory DiseaseZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouZhejiang310003China
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Department of Life SciencesAnglia Ruskin UniversityEast RoadCambridgeCB1 1PTUK
| | - Apostolos Klinakis
- Center of Basic ResearchBiomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of AthensAthens11527Greece
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and BiomedicineSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Sussex, FalmerBrightonBN1 9QGUK
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The Inhibitory Properties of a Novel, Selective LMTK3 Kinase Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010865. [PMID: 36614307 PMCID: PMC9821308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the oncogenic role of lemur tyrosine kinase 3 (LMTK3) has been well established in different tumor types, highlighting it as a viable therapeutic target. In the present study, using in vitro and cell-based assays coupled with biophysical analyses, we identify a highly selective small molecule LMTK3 inhibitor, namely C36. Biochemical/biophysical and cellular studies revealed that C36 displays a high in vitro selectivity profile and provides notable therapeutic effect when tested in the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-60 cancer cell line panel. We also report the binding affinity between LMTK3 and C36 as demonstrated via microscale thermophoresis (MST). In addition, C36 exhibits a mixed-type inhibition against LMTK3, consistent with the inhibitor overlapping with both the adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)- and substrate-binding sites. Treatment of different breast cancer cell lines with C36 led to decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis, further reinforcing the prospective value of LMTK3 inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Diving into the dark kinome: lessons learned from LMTK3. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 29:1077-1079. [PMID: 34819628 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cai G, Sun W, Bi F, Wang D, Yang Q. Knockdown of LMTK3 in the Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Ishikawa: Inhibition of Growth and Estrogen Receptor α. Front Oncol 2021; 11:692282. [PMID: 34745935 PMCID: PMC8564183 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.692282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The curative effect of high-efficiency progesterone and other therapeutic drugs for endometrioid adenocarcinoma patients with preservation of reproductive capacity has not been satisfactory so far. Novel therapeutic drugs need to be explored. Methods We investigated the cytoplastic and nuclear expression levels of LMTK3 between endometrioid adenocarcinoma tissues and adjacent endometrial tissues by immunohistochemistry. We detected the effects of LMTK3 on cell viability of Ishikawa cells by CCK-8. We detected the effects of LMTK3 on cell cycle and apoptosis of Ishikawa cells by flow cytometry. We also detected the effects of LMTK3 knockdown on mRNA and protein levels of ERα by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. We also used the cBioPortal online database to analyze the coexpression of LMTK3 and ESR1 in 1647 UCEC samples. Results We used TMAs to identify that LMTK3 was mainly detected in the cytoplasm of endometrioid tissues, and cytoplasmic LMTK3 expression in endometrioid tissues was higher than that in adjacent endometrial tissues (P < 0.05). LMTK3 knockdown decreased the proliferation of Ishikawa cells through decreasing cell viability (P < 0.01), increasing G1 (P < 0.001) arrest, and promoting apoptosis (P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between the mRNA expression levels of LMTK3 and ESR1 (Spearman: P=2.011e-5, R=0.13; Pearson: P=7.18e-8, R=0.17). Knockdown of LMTK3 also reduced the mRNA (P < 0.001) and protein (P < 0.001) levels of ERα. Conclusions Inhibitors of LMTK3 may be a possible future treatment for ERα and LMTK3 highly expressed endometrioid adenocarcinoma following appropriate studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangfang Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Ditsiou A, Gagliano T, Samuels M, Vella V, Tolias C, Giamas G. The multifaceted role of lemur tyrosine kinase 3 in health and disease. Open Biol 2021; 11:210218. [PMID: 34582708 PMCID: PMC8478525 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, LMTK3 (lemur tyrosine kinase 3) has emerged as an important player in breast cancer, contributing to the advancement of disease and the acquisition of resistance to therapy through a strikingly complex set of mechanisms. Although the knowledge of its physiological function is largely limited to receptor trafficking in neurons, there is mounting evidence that LMTK3 promotes oncogenesis in a wide variety of cancers. Recent studies have broadened our understanding of LMTK3 and demonstrated its importance in numerous signalling pathways, culminating in the identification of a potent and selective LMTK3 inhibitor. Here, we review the roles of LMTK3 in health and disease and discuss how this research may be used to develop novel therapeutics to advance cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Ditsiou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK,Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Mark Samuels
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Viviana Vella
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Christos Tolias
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK,Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals (BSUH) NHS Trust, Millennium Building, Brighton BN2 5BE, UK
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
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Ditsiou A, Cilibrasi C, Simigdala N, Papakyriakou A, Milton-Harris L, Vella V, Nettleship JE, Lo JH, Soni S, Smbatyan G, Ntavelou P, Gagliano T, Iachini MC, Khurshid S, Simon T, Zhou L, Hassell-Hart S, Carter P, Pearl LH, Owen RL, Owens RJ, Roe SM, Chayen NE, Lenz HJ, Spencer J, Prodromou C, Klinakis A, Stebbing J, Giamas G. The structure-function relationship of oncogenic LMTK3. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/46/eabc3099. [PMID: 33188023 PMCID: PMC7673765 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating signaling driven by lemur tyrosine kinase 3 (LMTK3) could help drug development. Here, we solve the crystal structure of LMTK3 kinase domain to 2.1Å resolution, determine its consensus motif and phosphoproteome, unveiling in vitro and in vivo LMTK3 substrates. Via high-throughput homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence screen coupled with biochemical, cellular, and biophysical assays, we identify a potent LMTK3 small-molecule inhibitor (C28). Functional and mechanistic studies reveal LMTK3 is a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) client protein, requiring HSP90 for folding and stability, while C28 promotes proteasome-mediated degradation of LMTK3. Pharmacologic inhibition of LMTK3 decreases proliferation of cancer cell lines in the NCI-60 panel, with a concomitant increase in apoptosis in breast cancer cells, recapitulating effects of LMTK3 gene silencing. Furthermore, LMTK3 inhibition reduces growth of xenograft and transgenic breast cancer mouse models without displaying systemic toxicity at effective doses. Our data reinforce LMTK3 as a druggable target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Ditsiou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Chiara Cilibrasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Nikiana Simigdala
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Leanne Milton-Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Viviana Vella
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Joanne E Nettleship
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Jae Ho Lo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shivani Soni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Goar Smbatyan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Panagiota Ntavelou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Maria Chiara Iachini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Sahir Khurshid
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Science Park Road, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Storm Hassell-Hart
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Philip Carter
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laurence H Pearl
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Science Park Road, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Robin L Owen
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
| | - S Mark Roe
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Science Park Road, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Naomi E Chayen
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Chrisostomos Prodromou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Apostolos Klinakis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
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Jiang T, Lu X, Yang F, Wang M, Yang H, Xing N. LMTK3 promotes tumorigenesis in bladder cancer via the ERK/MAPK pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2107-2121. [PMID: 32865871 PMCID: PMC7530379 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemur tyrosine kinase 3 (LMTK3) is a key member of the serine–threonine tyrosine kinase family. It plays an important role in breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression. However, its biological role in bladder cancer remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that LMTK3 was overexpressed in bladder cancer and was positively correlated with bladder cancer malignancy. High LMTK3 expression predicted poor overall survival. Knockdown of LMTK3 in bladder cancer cells triggered cell‐cycle arrest at G2/M phase, suppressed cell growth, and induced cell apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, Transwell assays revealed that reduction of LMTK3 decreased cell migration by regulating the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition pathway. Conversely, LKTM3 overexpression was shown to promote proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells. We assessed phosphorylation of MEK and ERK1/2 in bladder cancer cells depleted of LMTK3 and demonstrated a reduced phosphorylation status compared with the control group. Using an MAPK signaling‐specific inhibitor, U0126, we could rescue the promotion of proliferation and viability in LMTK3‐overexpressing cells. In conclusion, we extend the status of LMTK3 as an oncogene in bladder cancer and provide evidence for its function via the activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway. Thus, targeting LMTK3 may hold potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and as a possible future treatment for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Dalian Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Xinxing Lu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feiya Yang
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingshuai Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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9
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Ortiz MA, Michaels H, Molina B, Toenjes S, Davis J, Marconi GD, Hecht D, Gustafson JL, Piedrafita FJ, Nefzi A. Discovery of cyclic guanidine-linked sulfonamides as inhibitors of LMTK3 kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127108. [PMID: 32192797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lemur tyrosine kinase 3 (LMTK3) is oncogenic in various cancers. In breast cancer, LMTK3 phosphorylates and modulates the activity of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and is essential for the growth of ER-positive cells. LMTK3 is highly expressed in ER-negative breast cancer cells, where it promotes invasion via integrin β1. LMTK3 abundance and/or high nuclear expression have been linked to shorter disease free and overall survival time in a variety of cancers, supporting LMTK3 as a potential target for anticancer drug development. We sought to identify small molecule inhibitors of LMTK3 with the ultimate goal to pharmacologically validate this kinase as a novel target in cancer. We used a homogeneous time resolve fluorescence (HTRF) assay to screen a collection of mixture-based combinatorial chemical libraries containing over 18 million compounds. We identified several cyclic guanidine-linked sulfonamides with sub-micromolar activity and evaluated their binding mode using a 3D homology model of the LMTK3 KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Ortiz
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Heather Michaels
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Brandon Molina
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sean Toenjes
- San Diego State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Cheti-Pescara, Via dei vestini, 31, Italy
| | - David Hecht
- Southwestern College, Department of Chemistry, Chula Vista, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Gustafson
- San Diego State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - F Javier Piedrafita
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Adel Nefzi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States; Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States.
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10
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Cruz-Ramos E. Estrogen Receptor Alpha and its Ubiquitination in Breast Cancer Cells. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:690-704. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666181015114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
More than 70% of all breast cancer cases are estrogen receptor alpha-positive (ERα). ERα is a member of the nuclear receptor family, and its activity is implicated in the gene transcription linked to the proliferation of breast cancer cells, as well as in extranuclear signaling pathways related to the development of resistance to endocrine therapy. Protein-protein interactions and posttranslational modifications of ERα underlie critical mechanisms that modulate its activity. In this review, the relationship between ERα and ubiquitin protein (Ub), was investigated in the context of breast cancer cells. Interestingly, Ub can bind covalently or non-covalently to ERα resulting in either a proteolytic or non-proteolytic fate for this receptor. Thereby, Ub-dependent molecular pathways that modulate ERα signaling may play a central role in breast cancer progression, and consequently, present critical targets for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C. Tecalco-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Josué O. Ramírez-Jarquín
- Instituto de Fisiologia Celular. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Cruz-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
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11
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO. Polyubiquitination inhibition of estrogen receptor alpha and its implications in breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2018; 9:60-70. [PMID: 30148069 PMCID: PMC6107474 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v9.i4.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is detected in more than 70% of the cases of breast cancer. Nuclear activity of ERα, a transcriptional regulator, is linked to the development of mammary tumors, whereas the extranuclear activity of ERα is related to endocrine therapy resistance. ERα polyubiquitination is induced by the estradiol hormone, and also by selective estrogen receptor degraders, resulting in ERα degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system. Moreover, polyubiquitination is related to the ERα transcription cycle, and some E3-ubiquitin ligases also function as coactivators for ERα. Several studies have demonstrated that ERα polyubiquitination is inhibited by multiple mechanisms that include posttranslational modifications, interactions with coregulators, and formation of specific protein complexes with ERα. These events are responsible for an increase in ERα protein levels and deregulation of its signaling in breast cancers. Thus, ERα polyubiquitination inhibition may be a key factor in the progression of breast cancer and resistance to endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama (PICM), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
| | - Josué O Ramírez-Jarquín
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
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Structure-Based Virtual Screening of High-Affinity ATP-Competitive Inhibitors Against Human Lemur Tyrosine Kinase-3 (LMTK3) Domain: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Breast Cancer. Interdiscip Sci 2018; 11:527-541. [PMID: 30066129 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-018-0302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (LMTK3) is an oncogenic kinase known to regulate ER-α through phosphorylation and is considered to be a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer. In this work, we have studied the ATP-binding mechanism with LMTK3 domain and also carried out virtual screening on LMTK3 to identify lead compounds using Dock blaster server. The top scored compounds obtained from Dock blaster were then narrowed down further to six lead compounds (ZINC37996511, ZINC83363046, ZINC3745998, ZINC50456700, ZINC83351792 and ZINC83364581) based on high-binding affinity and non-bonding interactions with LMTK3 using Autodock 4.2 program. We found in comparison to ATP, the lead compounds bind relatively stronger to LMTK3. The relative binding free energy results from MM-PBSA/GBSA method further indicate the strong binding affinity of lead compounds over ATP to LMTK3 in the dynamic system. Further, potential of mean force (PMF) study for ATP and lead compounds with LMTK3 have been performed to explore the unbinding processes and the free energy barrier. From the PMF results, we observed that the lead compounds have higher dissociation energy barriers than the ATP. Our findings suggest that these lead compounds may compete with ATP, and could act as probable potential inhibitors for LMTK3.
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Stebbing J, Shah K, Lit LC, Gagliano T, Ditsiou A, Wang T, Wendler F, Simon T, Szabó KS, O'Hanlon T, Dean M, Roslani AC, Cheah SH, Lee SC, Giamas G. LMTK3 confers chemo-resistance in breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:3113-3130. [PMID: 29540829 PMCID: PMC5992129 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lemur tyrosine kinase 3 (LMTK3) is an oncogenic kinase that is involved in different types of cancer (breast, lung, gastric, colorectal) and biological processes including proliferation, invasion, migration, chromatin remodeling as well as innate and acquired endocrine resistance. However, the role of LMTK3 in response to cytotoxic chemotherapy has not been investigated thus far. Using both 2D and 3D tissue culture models, we found that overexpression of LMTK3 decreased the sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines to cytotoxic (doxorubicin) treatment. In a mouse model we showed that ectopic overexpression of LMTK3 decreases the efficacy of doxorubicin in reducing tumor growth. Interestingly, breast cancer cells overexpressing LMTK3 delayed the generation of double strand breaks (DSBs) after exposure to doxorubicin, as measured by the formation of γH2AX foci. This effect was at least partly mediated by decreased activity of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) as indicated by its reduced phosphorylation levels. In addition, our RNA-seq analyses showed that doxorubicin differentially regulated the expression of over 700 genes depending on LMTK3 protein expression levels. Furthermore, these genes were found to promote DNA repair, cell viability and tumorigenesis processes / pathways in LMTK3-overexpressing MCF7 cells. In human cancers, immunohistochemistry staining of LMTK3 in pre- and post-chemotherapy breast tumor pairs from four separate clinical cohorts revealed a significant increase of LMTK3 following both doxorubicin and docetaxel based chemotherapy. In aggregate, our findings show for the first time a contribution of LMTK3 in cytotoxic drug resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lei Cheng Lit
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Angeliki Ditsiou
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Tingting Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, #02-15, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Franz Wendler
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Thomas Simon
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Krisztina Sára Szabó
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Timothy O'Hanlon
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - April Camilla Roslani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Swee Hung Cheah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo-Chin Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, #02-15, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Georgios Giamas
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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Anbarasu K, Jayanthi S. Identification of curcumin derivatives as human LMTK3 inhibitors for breast cancer: a docking, dynamics, and MM/PBSA approach. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:228. [PMID: 29719770 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (LMTK3) is primarily involved in regulation of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) by phosphorylation activity. LMTK3 acts as key biomarker for ERα positive breast cancer and identified as novel drug target for breast cancer. Due to the absence of experimental reports, the computational approach has been followed to screen LMTK3 inhibitors from natural product curcumin derivatives based on rational inhibitor design. The initial virtual screening and re-docking resulted in identification of top three leads with favorable binding energy and strong interactions in critical residues of ATP-binding cavity. ADME prediction confirmed the pharmacological activity of the leads with various properties. The stability and binding affinity of leads were well refined in dynamic system from 25 ns MD simulations. The behavior of protein motion towards closure of ATP-binding cavity was evaluated based on eigenvectors by PCA. In addition, MM/PBSA calculations also confirmed the relative binding free energy of LMTK3-lead complexes in favor of the effective binding. From our study, novel LMTK3 inhibitors tetrahydrocurcumin, curcumin 4,4'-diacetate, and demethoxycurcumin have been proposed with inhibition mechanism. Further experimental evaluation on reported lead candidates might prove its role in breast cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Anbarasu
- Computational Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, TamilNadu 632014 India
| | - S Jayanthi
- Computational Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, TamilNadu 632014 India
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15
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Lu L, Yuan X, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Shen B. LMTK3 knockdown retards cell growth and invasion and promotes apoptosis in thyroid cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2015-2022. [PMID: 28260052 PMCID: PMC5364963 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (LMTK3) is a member of the serine/threonine tyrosine kinase family, which is thought to be involved in tumor progression and prognosis. The purpose of the present study was to determine the diagnostic significance and therapeutic targets in thyroid cancer. ELISA assay was used to detect the protein expression of serum LMTK3. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were employed to measure the expression of LMTK3. Flow cytometry was used to determine the cell cycle. Transwell assay was used to measure the invasion and migration of SW579 cells and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay to detect cell apoptosis. The LMTK3 level was positively associated with disease stage and pathological type, whereas there was no correlation between LMTK3 level and gender, age, tumor size or lymph node metastasis. The serum LMTK3 level was significantly increased in 102 thyroid carcinoma patients compared with 52 benign thyroid tumor patients and 50 healthy volunteers (P=0.001). The protein and mRNA expression of LMTK3 was markedly higher in thyroid cancer patients compared with patients with benign thyroid tumors. Notably, LMTK3 knockdown retarded proliferation, invasion and migration in SW579 cells. In addition, downregulation of LMTK3 promoted apoptosis in SW579 cells. These findings indicated that LMTK3 knockdown retards the growth of thyroid cancer cells partly through inhibiting proliferation, invasion, migration and inducing apoptosis in SW579 cells. It may serve as a useful diagnostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for patients with thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xueli Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Baozhong Shen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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16
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO. Mechanisms that Increase Stability of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2016; 17:1-10. [PMID: 27561704 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) is a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of genes related to cellular proliferation and differentiation in normal mammary tissue. However, the expression, abundance, and activity of this receptor are increased in 70% of breast cancers. The ER upregulation is facilitated by several molecular mechanisms, including protein stability, which represents an important strategy to maintain an active and functional repertoire of ER. Several proteins interact and protect ER from degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Through diverse mechanisms, these proteins prevent polyubiquitination and degradation of ER, leading to an increase in ER protein levels; consequently, estrogen signaling and its physiologic effects are enhanced in breast cancer cells. Thus, increased protein stability seems to be one of the main reasons that ER is upregulated in breast cancer. Here, we highlight findings on the proteins and mechanisms that participate directly or indirectly in ER stability and their relevance to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Josué O Ramírez-Jarquín
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
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17
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Anbarasu K, Jayanthi S. Designing and optimization of novel human LMTK3 inhibitors against breast cancer – a computational approach. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:51-59. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2016.1155069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Anbarasu
- Computational Drug Design Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Jayanthi
- Computational Drug Design Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Jacob J, Favicchio R, Karimian N, Mehrabi M, Harding V, Castellano L, Stebbing J, Giamas G. LMTK3 escapes tumour suppressor miRNAs via sequestration of DDX5. Cancer Lett 2016; 372:137-46. [PMID: 26739063 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (LMTK3) plays an important role in cancer progression and is associated with breast, lung, gastric and colorectal cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that typically repress target genes at post-transcriptional level and have an important role in tumorigenesis. By performing a miRNA expression profile, we identified a subset of miRNAs modulated by LMTK3. We show that LMTK3 induces miR-34a, miR-196-a2 and miR-182 levels by interacting with DEAD-box RNA helicase p68 (DDX5). LMTK3 binds via DDX5 to the pri-miRNA of these three mature miRNAs, thereby sequestrating them from further processing. Ectopic expression of miR-34a and miR-182 in LMTK3-overexpressing cell lines (MCF7-LMTK3 and MDA-MB-231-LMTK3) inhibits breast cancer proliferation, invasion and migration. Interestingly, miR-34a and miR-182 directly bind to the 3'UTR of LMTK3 mRNA and consequently inhibit both its stability and translation, acting as tumour suppressor-like miRNAs. In aggregate, we show that LMTK3 is involved in miRNA biogenesis through modulation of the Microprocessor complex, inducing miRNAs that target LMTK3 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Jacob
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Rosy Favicchio
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Negin Karimian
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Maryam Mehrabi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Victoria Harding
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Leandro Castellano
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
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19
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Xu Y, Zhang H, Nguyen VTM, Angelopoulos N, Nunes J, Reid A, Buluwela L, Magnani L, Stebbing J, Giamas G. LMTK3 Represses Tumor Suppressor-like Genes through Chromatin Remodeling in Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2015; 12:837-49. [PMID: 26212333 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
LMTK3 is an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) implicated in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, gastric, and colorectal cancer. It is localized in different cellular compartments, but its nuclear function has not been investigated so far. We mapped LMTK3 binding across the genome using ChIP-seq and found that LMTK3 binding events are correlated with repressive chromatin markers. We further identified KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1) as a binding partner of LMTK3. The LMTK3/KAP1 interaction is stabilized by PP1α, which suppresses KAP1 phosphorylation specifically at LMTK3-associated chromatin regions, inducing chromatin condensation and resulting in transcriptional repression of LMTK3-bound tumor suppressor-like genes. Furthermore, LMTK3 functions at distal regions in tethering the chromatin to the nuclear periphery, resulting in H3K9me3 modification and gene silencing. In summary, we propose a model where a scaffolding function of nuclear LMTK3 promotes cancer progression through chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xu
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hua Zhang
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Van Thuy Mai Nguyen
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nicos Angelopoulos
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joao Nunes
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alistair Reid
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laki Buluwela
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Luca Magnani
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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20
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21
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Stebbing J, Zhang H, Xu Y, Lit LC, Green AR, Grothey A, Lombardo Y, Periyasamy M, Blighe K, Zhang W, Shaw JA, Ellis IO, Lenz HJ, Giamas G. KSR1 regulates BRCA1 degradation and inhibits breast cancer growth. Oncogene 2015; 34:2103-14. [PMID: 24909178 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kinase suppressor of Ras-1 (KSR1) facilitates signal transduction in Ras-dependent cancers, including pancreatic and lung carcinomas but its role in breast cancer has not been well studied. Here, we demonstrate for the first time it functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer in contrast to data in other tumors. Breast cancer patients (n>1000) with high KSR1 showed better disease-free and overall survival, results also supported by Oncomine analyses, microarray data (n=2878) and genomic data from paired tumor and cell-free DNA samples revealing loss of heterozygosity. KSR1 expression is associated with high breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1), high BRCA1-associated ring domain 1 (BARD1) and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) levels. Phospho-profiling of major components of the canonical Ras-RAF-mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway showed no significant changes after KSR1 overexpression or silencing. Moreover, KSR1 stably transfected cells formed fewer and smaller size colonies compared to the parental ones, while in vivo mouse model also demonstrated that the growth of xenograft tumors overexpressing KSR1 was inhibited. The tumor suppressive action of KSR1 is BRCA1 dependent shown by 3D-matrigel and soft agar assays. KSR1 stabilizes BRCA1 protein levels by reducing BRCA1 ubiquitination through increasing BARD1 abundance. These data link these proteins in a continuum with clinical relevance and position KSR1 in the major oncoprotein pathways in breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - H Zhang
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Y Xu
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - L C Lit
- 1] Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK [2] Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Malaya, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A R Green
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Grothey
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Y Lombardo
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - M Periyasamy
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - K Blighe
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - W Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J A Shaw
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - I O Ellis
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Malaya, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H J Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G Giamas
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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22
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Anbarasu K, Jayanthi S. Structural modeling and molecular dynamics studies on the human LMTK3 domain and the mechanism of ATP binding. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:1139-45. [PMID: 24619340 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00063c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen positive breast cancer is a dreadful disease in women worldwide. The human estrogen receptor-α (ERα) pathway plays a critical role in estrogenic signaling and targeting ERα in breast cancer treatment. The key role of Lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (LMTK3) in regulation of ERα has been identified and it is found to be a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer. With lack of structural studies on LMTK3, the breast cancer therapeutics research remains elusive. In this computational study, we performed structural studies on LMTK3 by structural modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the apo state and the ATP bound state. The structure of the LMTK3 domain was developed by using I-TASSER server and validated by quality index and Ramachandran plot. MD simulation analysis explained the structural behavior of the LMTK3 domain in the dynamic system and the apo state showed defined protein folding with stable conformation. The mechanism of ATP binding was studied using molecular docking, resulting in the identification of critical residues and the ATP binding cavity. Furthermore, MD simulation of the LMTK3-ATP complex was performed and the trajectory analyses confirmed the stability and effective binding of ATP in the dynamic system. Overall, our computational reports provide more information on the structure-function relationship of LMTK3 with ATP. The critical residues Tyr185 and Asp284 found in the ATP binding cavity may be useful in designing potential inhibitors on human LMTK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Anbarasu
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India.
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23
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Asano T, Sato S, Yoshimoto N, Endo Y, Hato Y, Dong Y, Takahashi S, Fujii Y, Toyama T. High expression of LMTK3 is an independent factor indicating a poor prognosis in estrogen receptor α-positive breast cancer patients. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2014; 44:889-97. [PMID: 25163465 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyu113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over 70% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor alpha-positive, and endocrine therapy targeting estrogen action decreases mortality from breast cancer. Recently, a novel protein kinase that regulates estrogen receptor alpha activity, lemur tyrosine kinase-3, has been identified. In this study, we investigated whether messenger RNA expression and polymorphisms of the gene encoding the kinase, LMTK3, are associated with prognosis in breast cancer patients during long-term follow-up. METHODS First, we investigated the relationship between messenger RNA expression of LMTK3 and patient outcome in 219 breast cancers. The effects of several variables on survival were tested by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Next, we performed LMTK3 genotyping in 471 breast cancers to clarify the prognostic role of these polymorphisms. RESULTS Our data showed that LMTK3 expression level was not associated with prognosis in all patients. We then analyzed the impact of LMTK3 mRNA expression on the prognosis of breast cancer according to estrogen receptor alpha status. Both disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly shorter in estrogen receptor alpha-positive patients with high LMTK3 expression receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy than in those patients with low LMTK3 expression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that high LMTK3 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor in estrogen receptor alpha-positive breast cancer patients. We did not find any correlation between LMTK3 genotypes and prognosis of breast cancer patients in our series. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that high expression of LMTK3 is an independent prognostic factor in estrogen receptor alpha-positive breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Asano
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya
| | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Nagoya City East Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Yoshimoto
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya
| | - Yumi Endo
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya
| | - Yukari Hato
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya
| | - Yoshitaka Fujii
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya
| | - Tatsuya Toyama
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya
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24
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Xu Y, Zhang H, Lit LC, Grothey A, Athanasiadou M, Kiritsi M, Lombardo Y, Frampton AE, Green AR, Ellis IO, Ali S, Lenz HJ, Thanou M, Stebbing J, Giamas G. The kinase LMTK3 promotes invasion in breast cancer through GRB2-mediated induction of integrin β₁. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra58. [PMID: 24939894 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lemur tyrosine kinase 3 (LMTK3) is associated with cell proliferation and endocrine resistance in breast cancer. We found that, in cultured breast cancer cell lines, LMTK3 promotes the development of a metastatic phenotype by inducing the expression of genes encoding integrin subunits. Invasive behavior in various breast cancer cell lines positively correlated with the abundance of LMTK3. Overexpression of LMTK3 in a breast cancer cell line with low endogenous LMTK3 abundance promoted actin cytoskeleton remodeling, focal adhesion formation, and adhesion to collagen and fibronectin in culture. Using SILAC (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture) proteomic analysis, we found that LMTK3 increased the abundance of integrin subunits α5 and β1, encoded by ITGA5 and ITGB1. This effect depended on the CDC42 Rho family guanosine triphosphatase, which was in turn activated by the interaction between LMTK3 and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), an adaptor protein that mediates receptor tyrosine kinase-induced activation of RAS and downstream signaling. Knockdown of GRB2 suppressed LMTK3-induced CDC42 activation, blocked ITGA5 and ITGB1 expression promoted by the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF), and reduced invasive activity. Furthermore, abundance of LMTK3 positively correlated with that of the integrin β1 subunit in breast cancer patient's tumors. Our findings suggest a role for LMTK3 in promoting integrin activity during breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Lei C Lit
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK. Department of Physiology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arnhild Grothey
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Maria Athanasiadou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK. Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Kings College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Marianna Kiritsi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Ylenia Lombardo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Adam E Frampton
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Maya Thanou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Kings College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK.
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25
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Li Z, Wu J, Ji M, Shi L, Xu B, Jiang J, Wu C. Prognostic role of lemur tyrosine kinase 3 in postoperative gastric cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 2:756-760. [PMID: 25054042 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of gastric cancer has been unsatisfactory thus far; therefore, novel targets and treatment strategies are urgently required. Lemur tyrosine kinase (LMTK)3 is an estrogen receptor-α (ERα) modulator with a central role in endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Moreover, the expression and polymorphisms of LMTK3 are correlated with the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Since estrogen receptor (ER) is also expressed and plays a role in gastric cancer, we herein investigated the expression of the LMTK3 protein in 83 gastric cancer patients by tissue microarray and analyzed the correlation between LMTK3 expression and the prognosis of gastric cancer. Our results demonstrated that LMTK3 was more frequently expressed in gastric cancer tissues compared to non-cancerous mucosa (79.5 vs. 45.8%, respectively; P=0.000). The LMTK3 expression was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion (P=0.002) and disease stage (P=0.035). The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the postoperative survival of the LMTK3-negative group was superior to that of the LMTK3-positive group (P=0.043). Moreover, the multivariate analysis identified LMTK3 expression as an independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer (P=0.019). These findings suggested that the expression of LMTK3 may be a negative prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer. Moreover, targeting LMTK3 is a potential strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer, although the biological functions of LMTK3 in gastric cancer require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguang Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Mei Ji
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Liangrong Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Changping Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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26
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Winder T, Giamas G, Wilson PM, Zhang W, Yang D, Bohanes P, Ning Y, Gerger A, Stebbing J, Lenz HJ. Insulin-like growth factor receptor polymorphism defines clinical outcome in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2014; 14:28-34. [PMID: 23459444 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2013.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence points to a key role for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling in breast cancer development and progression. In addition, IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) expression has been correlated and functionally linked with estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. Recent translational studies support a cross talk between IGF1R and ERα at different levels and data suggest enhanced IGF1R signaling as a causative mechanism of tamoxifen (TAM) resistance. We tested whether functional germline variations in the IGF pathway are associated with clinical outcome in ER-positive primary invasive breast cancer patients, who were treated with surgery and adjuvant TAM. Tissue samples of 222 patients with ER+ primary invasive breast cancer, who had undergone surgery at Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK between 1981 and 2003, were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples and six functional IGF1 pathway polymorphisms were analyzed using direct DNA sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. In multivariable analysis, patients with primary invasive breast cancer carrying IGF1R_rs2016347 G allele had a significantly increased risk of early tumor progression (hazard ratio (HR) 2.01; adjusted P=0.004) and death (HR 1.84; adjusted P=0.023) compared with patients carrying G/T or T/T, independent of established clinicopathological determinants. This association remained significant after adjusting for multiple testing. In addition, we were able to demonstrate that IRS1_rs1801123 and IGFBP3_rs2854744 were significantly associated with lymph node involvement and tumor size, respectively. We provide the first evidence for IGF1R_rs2016347 as an independent prognostic marker for ER+ breast cancer patients treated with TAM and support a rational for combined treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Winder
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G Giamas
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - P M Wilson
- 1] Department of Pathology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Molecular Biology University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P Bohanes
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Ning
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Gerger
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - H-J Lenz
- 1] Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Department of Preventive Medicine and Molecular Biology University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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27
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Serum lemur tyrosine kinase 3 expression in colorectal cancer patients predicts cancer progression and prognosis. Med Oncol 2013; 30:754. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Wakatsuki T, LaBonte MJ, Bohanes PO, Zhang W, Yang D, Azuma M, Barzi A, Ning Y, Loupakis F, Saadat S, Volz N, Stintzing S, El-Khoueiry R, Koizumi W, Watanabe M, Shah M, Stebbing J, Giamas G, Lenz HJ. Prognostic role of lemur tyrosine kinase-3 germline polymorphisms in adjuvant gastric cancer in Japan and the United States. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2261-72. [PMID: 23918832 PMCID: PMC3810398 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (LMTK3) was recently identified as an estrogen receptor (ER)-α modulator related to endocrine therapy resistance, and its polymorphisms rs9989661 (T>C) T/T genotype and rs8108419 (G>A) G/G or A/G genotype predicted improved outcomes in breast cancer. Because different predominant ER distributions link to breast and gastric cancer and little is known of the prognostic role of LMTK3 in gastric cancer, this study was carried out to clarify the prognostic role of these polymorphisms in gastric cancer. One-hundred and sixty-nine Japanese and 137 U.S. patients with localized gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood or tissue, and all samples were analyzed by PCR-based direct DNA sequencing. Overall, these polymorphisms were not associated with survival in both cohorts. When gender was considered, in multivariate analysis, harboring rs9989661 T/T genotype was associated with disease-free survival [HR, 4.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.08-9.18; P < 0.0001] and overall survival (OS; HR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.65-8.24; P = 0.0014) in the Japanese males and time to recurrence (HR, 7.29; 95% CI, 1.07-49.80; P = 0.043) in the U.S. females. Meanwhile, harboring rs8108419 G/G genotype was associated with OS in the Japanese females (HR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.08-8.56; P = 0.035) and the U.S. males (HR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.31-8.80; P = 0.012). The prognostic role of these polymorphisms may be negative in gastric cancer. These findings suggest that the estrogen pathway may play a prognostic role in patients with gastric cancer but this may be dependent on the regional differences both in physiology and genetic alterations of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Wakatsuki
- Corresponding Author: Heinz-Josef Lenz, Sharon A. Carpenter Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033.
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29
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Zhao G, Guo J, Li D, Jia C, Yin W, Sun R, Lv Z, Cong X. MicroRNA-34a suppresses cell proliferation by targeting LMTK3 in human breast cancer mcf-7 cell line. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:699-707. [PMID: 24050776 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality in females, and about 70% of the primary breast cancer patients are diagnosed ERα-positive, which is the most common type of breast cancer. MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) has been shown to be a master regulator of tumor suppression in many types of cancers including breast cancer. However, the role of miR-34a in ERα-positive breast cancer has not been elucidated. Here, we find that in MCF-7, which is an ERα-positive breast cancer cell line, miR-34a is remarkably downregulated after E2 treatment. Overexpression of miR-34a by lentivirus suppresses cell proliferation, S phase ratio, and tumor formation in an E2-dependent manner in vitro. According to the mRNA sequence, lemur tyrosine kinase 3 (LMTK3), which is an important regulator of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), is a predicted target of miR-34a. This is confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay and the decrease of LMTK3 mRNA and protein levels after overexpression of miR-34a. Moreover, miR-34a overexpression decreases AKT signaling pathway and increases ERα phosphorylation status. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-34a inhibits breast cancer proliferation by targeting LMTK3 and might be used as an anti-ERα agent in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhao
- 1 Tissue Bank, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun, China
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30
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Zhang X, Mu X, Huang O, Xie Z, Jiang M, Geng M, Shen K. Luminal breast cancer cell lines overexpressing ZNF703 are resistant to tamoxifen through activation of Akt/mTOR signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72053. [PMID: 23991038 PMCID: PMC3753350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective estrogen receptor modulators, such as tamoxifen, play a pivotal role in the treatment of luminal-type breast cancer. However, in clinical applications, nearly half of breast cancer patients are insensitive to tamoxifen, a small number of whom have early recurrence or disease progression when receiving tamoxifen. The underlying mechanism of this resistance has not been determined. ZNF703 is a novel oncogene in the 15% of breast cancers that harbor 8p12 amplifications. Therefore, the goal of our study was to explore the role of ZNF703 in tamoxifen resistance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used immunohistochemistry techniques to examine ZNF703 expression in stage I-III primary breast cancer specimens and found a positive expression rate of 91.3%. All patients were divided into either high or low ZNF703 expression groups. We found that high ZNF703 expression mainly occurred in ER+ and PR+ breast cancers. Furthermore, 4-hydroxytamoxifen had different modes of action in breast cancer cell lines with high or low ZNF703 expression. ZNF703 overexpression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells activated the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, downregulated ERα, and reduced the antitumor effect of tamoxifen. Low-dose tamoxifen did not suppress, but rather, stimulated the growth of cells overexpressing ZNF703. ZNF703 knockdown in MDA-MB-134 and HCC1500 luminal B-type breast cancer cell lines by siRNA significantly decreased survival rates when cells were treated with tamoxifen. Furthermore, targeting ZNF703 with a mTOR inhibitor increased the inhibitory effects of tamoxifen in ZNF703-overexpressing cells. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our study suggests that ZNF703 expression levels may predict tamoxifen sensitivity. Tamoxifen should be administered with caution to those patients bearing tumors with ZNF703 overexpression. However, large clinical trials and prospective clinical studies are needed to verify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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31
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Stebbing J, Filipovic A, Lit LC, Blighe K, Grothey A, Xu Y, Miki Y, Chow LW, Coombes RC, Sasano H, Shaw JA, Giamas G. LMTK3 is implicated in endocrine resistance via multiple signaling pathways. Oncogene 2013; 32:3371-80. [PMID: 22869149 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer is common. With the aim of discovering new molecular targets for breast cancer therapy, we have recently identified LMTK3 as a regulator of the estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and wished to understand its role in endocrine resistance. We find that inhibition of LMTK3 in a xenograft tamoxifen (Tam)-resistant (BT474) breast cancer mouse model results in re-sensitization to Tam as demonstrated by a reduction in tumor volume. A whole genome microarray analysis, using a BT474 cell line, reveals genes significantly modulated (positively or negatively) after LMTK3 silencing, including some that are known to be implicated in Tam resistance, notably c-MYC, HSPB8 and SIAH2. We show that LMTK3 is able to increase the levels of HSPB8 at a transcriptional and translational level thereby protecting MCF7 cells from Tam-induced cell death, by reducing autophagy. Finally, high LMTK3 levels at baseline in tumors are predictive for endocrine resistance; therapy does not lead to alteration in levels, whereas in patient's plasma samples, acquired LMTK3 gene amplification (copy number variation) was associated with relapse while receiving Tam. In aggregate, these data support a role for LMTK3 in both innate (intrinsic) and acquired (adaptive) endocrine resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
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